AEFC 422: ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES FOR PLANNING: HLURB HUDCC UHLP DENR NHA Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council Unified Home Lending Program Department of Environmental and Natural Resources National Housing Authority

LAWS GOVERNING PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT: PD PD PD PD 1096 344 1185 957 The National Building Code Accessibility Law Fire Code of the Philippines Subdivision and Condominium Buyers Protective Decree: Regulates the sale of subdivision Lots and Condominium units.

NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER WATER CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES Purpose of the National Building Code (PD 1096) 1. 2. 3. 4. Safeguard Life Health Property and Public Welfare

I.

RESIDENTIAL PLANNING:

BASIC STAGES OF DESIGN: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Initial Contact with the Client Preliminary Design Study Initial Working Drawings Final Design Considerations Completion of Architectural and Engineering Drawings Building Permit Procedure Construction and Job Supervision As Built Plans

FACTORS AND CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE DESIGN

1. Physical and Environmental Factor: a. b. c. d. e. f. Site - existing site condition (Site analysis) Location proper zoning of the area. Geographical Location Topographic Location Climate Vegetation (Foliage) Landscape (trees, plants, shrubs etc.) Pertains to the social characteristic of the people and its environment. Budget Allocation for the proposed project.

2. Social Factor: 3. Economic Factor:

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING TYPES:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Residential Commercial Institutional Industrial Recreational Religious Educational

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Carport or Garage Living Room Dining Room Kitchen Bedroom Toilet and Bath organizes the plan in order to have a smooth flow of traffic in the area.

SPACE PROGRAMMING:

SPATIAL INTERRELATIONSIP DIAGRAM: is the diagram of spaces in planning represented by a Bubble Diagram.

COMPLETE ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING WORKING DRAWINGS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Architectural Structural Sanitary / Plumbing Electrical Fire Protection Mechanical

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS TO SECURE BUILDING PERMIT:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Copy of TCT and Surveyed lot Plan 7 sets Detailed Architectural and Engineering Drawings (Signed and Sealed) 7 sets Outline Specifications 7 sets Bill of Quantities or Cost Estimate 7 sets Structural Calculations Soil Investigation Report Barangay Clearance

TYPES OF LOT:
1. 2. 3. 4. INTERIOR LOT: INSIDE LOT: Lot located at the interior of a block made accessible from a public street or alley by means of a private access road. Non-corner or a single frontage lot.

CORNER and/or THROUGH LOT Lot bounded on three (3) sides or more sides by public open space such streets, alleys, easement etc. as

RESIDENTIAL: Sound Planning Considerations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Distribution Circulation Light and Ventilation Sizes, areas and shape Orientation Zoning Laws Height Electrical and Mechanical Facilities Location of Doors and Windows Superstition refers to the placement, location and arrangement of each room unit in relation with each other as to functions and coordination. relationship of spaces/areas to one another. There is no substitute for daylight and fresh natural air entering and circulating inside the building.

Distribution: Circulation:

Light and Ventilation:

Sec 808 of the National Building Code on windows opening states that: Every room intended for any use and not equipped with artificial ventilation system shall be provided with window or windows with a total free opening area equal to at least 10% of the room floor area, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open water courses. Sizes, Areas and Shapes: All rooms are intended for human use, and therefore, should be planned according to human scale.

Orientation:

refers to the position and direction of the sunrise and sunset. It also includes the prevailing wind directions in the area for the year bound. A brief nap or rest at mid day or in the afternoon is normally done in the bedroom. Thus, bedroom should not be oriented facing the afternoon sun. The kitchen, laundry and bathroom is better oriented west for sunlight kills many types of bacteria. The zoning ordinance should be consulted first before deciding on the final site of the house or building. A moderate high ceiling allows fresh air circulations, comfortable atmosphere, and preserved aesthetic value of the room. Rooms with low ceiling shall require artificial ventilation. Habitable rooms with Natural Ventilation: ceiling height not less that 2.70 mts. Rooms with Artificial Ventilation: ceiling height not less that 2.40 mts. For buildings more than 1 storey, the min. ceiling height for first floor shall be 2.70 mts and the succeeding floors shall be 2.40 mts. Mezzanine floors: shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 mts.

Zoning Laws: Height:

Electrical layout:

The location of convenience outlets should be planned simultaneously with the appliances to be place within the area. Ideal convenience outlet is installed 30 cm. Above the floor line, and not more than 1.00 meter away from the appliances served.

Location of Doors Superstition

COMPONENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

THE LIVING ROOM: A space where guests and visitors are entertained. THE DINING ROOM: A space or room where the family seat together for meals and other gatherings. THE KITCHEN: kitchen is a place where: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Meals are prepared and cooked Food are preserved Food and utensils are stored Place for eating Place for laundering Place for entertaining Place for child care.

TYPES OF KITCHEN LAYOUT 1. 2. 3. U-Shaped Kitchen L-Shaped Kitchen Corridor Type Kitchen

TOILET AND BATH: Planning consideration: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Convenience Arrangement Illumination Ventilation Sound Control Materials ( Moisture resistant) Accessibility

CLOSET: A modern closet is designed for the storage of particular clothing or things of an individual or group. Design Criteria: 1. Convenience as to : a. b. c. d. 2. Accessibility Visibility Orderliness Maximum use of the space

Preservation as to: a. Pressed Condition b. Freshness c. Absence of Moth d. e. Free from dust Against Filtering

DOORS AND WINDOWS

DOORS:

an entrance way

TYPES OF DOORS: 1. FLUSH DOOR: a smooth surface door having faces which are plane which conceal its rails and stiles or other structure when used inside, it is of hollow core, when used for exterior it is of solid core. PANEL DOOR: a door having stiles, rails and sometimes muntins, which form one or more frames around recessed thinner panels.

2.

PARTS OF A DOOR: Top rail Hinge stile Lock stile Lock rail Bottom rail Muntin a secondary framing member to hold panes within a window or glazed door or an intermediate vertical member that divides the panels of door.

TYPES OF DOOR: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Swing Door Roll-up Door Accordion Door Bi-Folding door Sliding Door Sliding Pocket Door Dutch Door a hinged door which is divided into two. The upper part can be opened while the lower portion is closed. French Door

WINDOW TERMINOLOGY
SASH - The members of the upper sash are called top rail, meeting rail and side rails . The lower sash members are called the meeting rail, bottom rail and side rails. WINDOW FRAME The member of the window frame are called top jamb, side jamb, and blind stop (or windbreaker). INTERIOR TRIM The interior trim and apron cover the crack between the window frame and the interior finished wall. EXTERIOR CASING The exterior casing (which may be called trim) also covers wall cracks. In addition, it serves as the frame around the storm sash or screens. DRIP CAP The drip cap prevents water from seeping into the window head. Note, the drip groove on the underside which prevents water from seeping water inward underneath the drip cap. Flashing can be used in place of wooden drip cap. DOUBLE GLAZING A second glass pane may be installed on the sash creating a deadair space to provide insulation and prevent condensation on the inside pane. MULLIONS AND MUNTINS Mullions are members (usually vertical) that separates adjacent windows. MUNTINS - are smaller member used to subdivide large glass areas. Many manufacturers offer removable muntins so that the windows maybe subdivided to any taste and maybe removed for easy cleaning.

STAIR TERMINOLOGY:
BALUSTERS The thin vertical supports for the handrail of open stairs. BULLNOSE The first step on an open stair; it has been extended out, forming a semicircle and often receiving the newel post. CARRIAGE The rough structural support (usually 2 x 12) for treads and for riser of wood stairs, sometimes called string or stringer. CLOSED STRINGER The visible member of the stair that abuts the risers and treads and that is not cut to show the profile of stairs. HANDRAIL The round or decorative member of a railing which is grasped with the hand during ascent or descent. HEADROOM The narrowest distance between the surface of a tread and any ceiling or header above. HOUSE STRINGER The stringer that has been grooved to receive the risers and the tread. LANDING The floor between flight of stairs or at the termination of stairs. NEWEL The main post of the railing at the bottom of a stair or at changes in the direction ofthe railing. NOSING The round projection of the tread beyond the face of the riser. OPEN STRINGER The stringer that has been cut to fit the profile of the stairs. PLATFORM - The intermediate landing between various parts of the stair.

RAILING The handrail and the baluster forming the protection on open stairs. RISE The total floor to floor vertical height of a stair. RISER The vertical face of the step. RUN The total horizontal length of a stair including the platform. STAIRWELL The enclosed chamber into which the stairs are built. STEP The combination of one riser and one tread. STRINGER The inclined member supporting the risers and treads; sometimes a visible trim member next to the profile of the stairs. TREAD The horizontal surface member of each step, usually hardwood. WINDER The radiating or wedge shaped treads at runs of stairs. Note: Stairs shall be 750mm clear width with a rise 200mm and a minimum run of 200mm Distance between landings shall not be more than (vertical distance between landings. 3.60mts

Every required stairway shall have a minimum headroom clearance of 2.00mts

TYPES OF STAIRS
1. Straight Run 2. U Type

3.

L-Shape

4.

L-Shape w/ winders

5.

Double L

5.

Spiral Type

DRAWING STAIR DETAILS: 1. 2. 3. 4. Layout Plan of Stairs Layout riser heights Layout tread widths Complete the detail drawing of stairs.

HARDWARE
HARDWARE: metal products used in construction, such as bolts, hinges, locks, tools etc. HARDWARE CLASSIFICATION: 1. FINISHING HARDWARE: are hardware such as hinges, locks, catches etc. that has finished appearance as well as function especially those which are used in doors and windows, cabinets etc. in building construction, these are hardware that are to be concealed on a surface of the structure or finish such as bolts, nails screws, spikes, rods and other metal fittings.

2.

ROUGH HARDWARE:

TYPES OF NAILS: C.W. Common Wire nail with head (for strength) Box Nail FIN Finishing Nail (without head) Casing Nail (without head) Sizes: 1, 1 , 2, 2 , 3, 3 , 4, 6 MASONRY NAILS CONCRETE NAILS these are nails that can be driven deep to concrete mortar. SCREWS: BOLTS: These are classified according to gauge (diameter), length, head type and metallic make-up. Bolts have threaded shafts that receives nuts. To use them, a hole is drilled pushing the bolt through and adding the nut.

EXCEPTS FROM THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE (PD 1096)

COLOR CODING OF PIPES: STEAM PIPING DIVISION: High Pressure White Exhaust System Buff REFRIGERATING DIVISION Pipes - Black All pipes - Black

WATER PIPING DIVISION: Fresh water, low pressure Blue Fresh water, high pressure Blue Salt water pipe Green

OIL PIPING DIVISION: Delivery Brass or Bronze Discharge Yellow

PNEUMATIC DIVISION: All piping Gray

GAS DIVISION: All piping Black

FUEL OIL DIVISION: All piping Black

CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT O FALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY

All buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to their use or the character of its occupancy shall be classified as follows: 1. 2. GROUP A: GROUP B: Residential Dwellings Residential, Hotels and apartments Multiple dwelling units which includes board and lodging, houses, hotels, apartments, monasteries, which accommodates more than 10 occupants. Education and Recreation Institutional Mental Hospitals (Div.1) Hospitals, Daycare center (Div.2) Nursing Home, Houses for Children Business and Mercantile Industrial Storage and Hazardous Assembly Assembly of more than 1000 load or more Accessory

3. 4.

GROUP C: GROUP D:

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

GROUP E: GROUP F: GROUP G: GROUP H: GROUP I: Group J:

ZONING FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 1. R-1: Means Low Density Residential Zone: characterized by single family, single detached dwellings with the usual community ancilliary uses on a neighborhood scale such as exclusive subdivisions and relatively exclusive residential communities which are not subdivisions. 2. R-2: Means Medium Density Residential Zone: characterized mainly by medium density housing like low and medium rise, multiple family dwellings on a limited scale and the usual ancilliary uses on a barangay scale, such as semi-exclusive subdivisions. 3. R-2: Means High Density Residential Zone: characterized as high density housing, such as high rise condominiums.

NOTE:

Fire wall for residential bldg. Shall have at least 1 hour fire resistance rating and constructed with a minimum clearance of at least 1.00 mts from the apex of roof. A vacant space left between the building and the property line. YARD FRONT SIDE REAR R1 (MTS) 5.00 2.00 2.00 R2 (MTS) 2.00 2.00 R3 (MTS) 2.00 2.00

YARD:

SET BACK:

The vacant space left between the building and the lot lines 2.00 mts in width.

PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS: NOTE: Size of an average automobile is 2.40 x 5.00 mts. For perpendicular or diagonal parking = 2.00 x 6.00 mts. A truck or a bus parking shall be at minimum of 3.60 x 12.00 mts.

DEFINITION OF TERMS FOR SANITARY AND PLUMBING

BIB BIDET BUILDING MAIN BUIDLING STORM DRAIN Another name for faucet. A plumbing fixture designed to facilitate washing of the perineal area. Water supply piping beginning at the source of supply and ending at the first branch inside the building. Drainage piping which connects the storm sewer to a drainage system which collects rain water, ground water, and surface run-off. A pipe chase. A space or recess in the walls of the building where pipes are run. A device preventing backflow in pipes. Water can flow readily in one direction but any reversal of the flow causes the check valve to close. Abbreviation of Cast Iron Pipe. Removable drainage fitting which permits access to the inside of drainage piping for the purpose of removing obstructions. Abbreviation for cleanout. Abbreviation for Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride. A type of pipe use for distribution of hot water and chemicals. A vertical pipe usually of sheet metal or plastic which carries water from the gutters to the ground or to a storm drain. Any pipe in the drainage piping system which carries waste water. The complete set of pipe and fittings which carries waste water from the fixtures to the building drain. Piping system which carries subsoil and rainwater from the building to the storm sewer. A pipe fitting having two openings which causes a run of pipe to change directions. A valve whose purpose is to permit controlled amounts of water to be obtained form the water pipe as needed. A device such as a sink, lavatory, bathtub, water closet or shower stall.

CHASE CHECK VALVE

CI CLEANOUT

CO CPVC DOWNSPOUT

DRAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEM STORM DRAIN ELBOW FAUCET FIXTURE

FLOOR DRAIN GALVANIZED IRON (GI) GATE VALVE LAV LAVATORY MAIN WATER LINE MAIN SEWER MANHOLE SOIL PIPE VERTICAL PIPE WASTE PIPE WATER RISER PIPE POLYETHELENE POTABLE WATER

A fitting which is located in the floor (generally concrete) to carry waste water into the drainage piping. Iron which has been coated with zinc to prevent rust Used to regulate the flow of water. When this is fully opened there is no obstruction in the flow of water. Abbreviation for Lavatory. A fixture designed for washing hands and face. This is generally installed in the bathroom. The large water supply pipe to which the branches are connected. The large sewer to which the building drains of several houses are connected. An opening in the sanitary or storm sewer to permit access. A pipe conveying waste which contains fecal matter (human waste). Any pipe or part thereof which is installed in a vertical position. A pipe which conveys only liquid and other waste (not fecal matter) Any water supply pipe which rises vertically form a horizontal pipe. Plastic used to make pipes and fittings primarily for gas piping. Water which is satisfactory for drinking and for domestic purposes. Polyvinyl Chloride. A type of plastic used to make plumbing pies and fittings for water distribution, irrigation and natural gas distribution. A drains installed in a flat or nearly flat roof to receive water and conduct it to the leader, downspout or conductor. The piping system which carries away wastes. A water tight tank in a private disposal system which receives household sewage. Within the septic tank, solid matter is separated from the water before the

PVC

ROOF DRAIN

SANITARY SEWER SEPTIC TANK

water is discharged. SINK VENT A fixture commonly used in kitchen. The part of the drain, waste, vent piping which permits air to circulate and protects the seals and traps from siphonage or backflow. A flush plumbing fixture designed to receive human excrement. Abbreviation for water closet.

WATER CLOSET WC