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1 B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti I HC NNG

PHM VN TNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. ON ANH TUN

NGHIN CU NG DNG PLC V PHN MM WINCC IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TRM BIN P 110KV

Phn bin 1: PGS TS. INH THNH VIT Phn bin 2: GS TSKH. TRN NH LONG

Chuyn ngnh: M s:

Mng v H thng in 60.52.50

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 11 thng 6 nm 2011.

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng Nm 2011

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Trung tm Thng tin-Hc liu, i hc Nng - Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng

4 Nghin cu cc TBA 110kV trong h thng in Vit Nam 3.2. Phm vi nghin cu Nghin cu trn m hnh do tc gi xy dng theo mt TBA in hnh ti a phng. T kt qu t c tc gi xut m rng p dng cc TBA khc trong h thng in Vit Nam.

M U
1. L DO CHN TI
Trong h thng in vn cn s lng ln cc TBA vn hnh theo phng thc truyn thng. nhanh chng ng dng nhng tin b khoa hc v k thut vo t ng ho TBA nhm n gin cc thao tc, nng cao tnh an ton, tin cy trong qun l vn hnh cn thit lp t h thng iu khin bng my tnh nhng vn duy tr h thng bo v hin hu nhm trnh lng ph, nng cao hiu qu u t bng vic s dng thit b x l trung tm b sung vo h thng TBA. Hin nay mt s TBA s dng cng ngh iu khin bng my tnh, nhng v l do v bn quyn ca cc hng cung cp cng ngh gy kh khn cho cng tc vn hnh bo dng, sa cha khi c s c, cng nh cng tc o to v bi hun i ng nhn vin vn hnh TBA. Xut pht t thc t ging dy ca bn thn, qua thi gian hc tp v nghin cu tc gi chn ti Nghin cu ng dng PLC v phn mm WinCC iu khin v gim st vn hnh trm bin p 110kV lm ti cho lun vn ca mnh.

4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU


Nghin cu cng ngh ca mt s TBA trong HT Vit Nam Nghin cu trn m hnh s dng phn mm Scada WinCC v thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-300.

5. NGHA KHOA HC V TNH THC TIN CA TI


ti xy dng c chng trnh iu khin TBA 110kV bng my tnh s dng WinCC v PLC. M hnh dng lm ti liu ging dy cho sinh vin v i ng nhn vin vn hnh TBA theo cng ngh t ng ho. Kh nng truyn thng gia WinCC v PLC rt mnh khc phc nhc im ca thit b in t b nhiu cao.

6. CU TRC CA LUN VN
Ngoi phn m u, kt lun v kin ngh, danh mc ti liu tham kho v cc ph lc, ni dung chnh ca lun vn chia thnh 4 chng: Chng 1: Tng quan v cc vn iu khin TBA 110kV trong h thng in Vit Nam Chng 2: Nghin cu phn mm Scada WinCC v thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC Chng 3: Xy dng, lp t m hnh iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA 110kV dng WinCC 6.0 v PLC S7-300

2. MC CH NGHIN CU
Ly kt qu nghin cu lm ti liu ging dy cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh in v b sung vo ngun ti liu hun luyn cho i ng nhn vin vn hnh TBA theo cng ngh t ng ho. Qua xut nhng gii php ci to v nng cp cc TBA s dng cng ngh c lc hu.

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU


3.1. i tng nghin cu

5 Chng 4: Kt qu vn hnh m hnh iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA 110kV dng WinCC 6.0 v PLC S7-300

6 1.2.5. Thu thp d liu thng s vn hnh cc thit b trong TBA 110kV

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V CC VN IU KHIN TRM BIN P 110kV TRONG H THNG IN VIT NAM
1.1. CNG TC IU H THNG IN
1.1.1. Phn cp iu khin v vn hnh Qun l iu khin v vn hnh h thng in Vit Nam c chia thnh 3 cp: - iu h thng in Quc gia (A0), - iu h thng in min (A1, A2, A3), - iu li in phn phi. Mi mt cp iu c ngi ng u v chu s ch huy ca cp trn qun l trc tip. [1] 1.1.2. B phn gin tip n cng tc vn hnh 1.1.3. Cc hnh thc truyn tin dng trong cc TBA 110kV phc v iu khin v gim st vn hnh Ch yu l s dng in thoi, my tnh cha c s dng gim st v thu thp d liu.

1.3. HIN TRNG H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TI CC TBA 110kV


1.3.1. Hin trng v thit b ng, ct ti cc TBA 110kV Cc my ct, do cch ly s dng cng ngh in i c th iu khin bng my tnh. Tuy nhin h thng iu khin vn cn s dng cng ngh iu khin truyn thng, lc hu, tin cy khng cao. Mt s h thng t ng ho lp t ti Vit Nam, nhng v l do bn quyn nn vic lm ch cng ngh cn nhiu kh khn. 1.3.2. Hin trng v iu khin v gim st vn hnh ti cc TBA 110kV 1.3.2.1. Tng quan a) H thng iu khin: a s vn s dng cc kho iu khin trn t, xem hnh 1.3

1.2. THAO TC IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH CC THIT B IN TRONG TBA 110kV


1.2.1. Thao tc my ct, (MC) 1.2.2. Thao tc dao cch ly, (DCL) 1.2.3. Vn hnh my bin p, (MBA) 1.2.4. Thao tc ng dy ti in Hnh 1.3. H thng iu khin ti cc TBA 110kV b) H thng bo v rle:

7 Chc nng bo v c thc hin bi cc rle bo v thuc th h c hoc th h mi, cc rle th h mi c th kt ni mng v iu khin, xem hnh 1.4.

8 c) H thng thng tin trong trm

1.4. CNG NGH T NG HO TBA V ANG C U T TI MT S TBA 110kV TRONG HT VIT NAM
1.4.1. Tng quan Vic p dng h thng iu khin bng my tnh trong trm gim s lng thit b iu khin v bo v, s lng dy ni, gim chi ph lp t, th nghim,v.v.v c bit gim s c do thao tc

Hnh 1.4. T rle bo v trong cc TBA 110kV c) H thng o lng v gim st: Chc nng hin th v o lng c thc hin bi cc ng h o v cng t ni n cc my bin dng in (TI) v my bin in p o lng (TU). Chc nng gim st vn hnh thc hin bng cc n bo v ng h ch th.

nhm, tin ti gim s lng ngi trc v mc tiu l xy dng cc trm bin p khng ngi trc. H thng iu khin khin v gim st vn hnh bng my tnh thng bao gm cc my tnh c ci c phn mm gim st HMI (Human Machine Interface) thc hin chc nng giao tip gia nhn vin vn hnh v h thng. Hin nay, li in 110kV v ang c u t xy dng mi cng ngh iu khin v gim st vn hnh bng my tnh 1.4.2. Cng ngh iu khin trm bin p bng my tnh p dng ti mt s TBA khu vc min Trung 1.4.2.1. H thng iu khin bng my tnh ca SEL 1.4.2.2. H thng iu khin bng my tnh SICAM PAS 1.5. KT LUN Trc yu cu gim thiu thi gian mt in, tng cng cht lng in nng, m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. nhng cng ngh iu khin theo truyn thng khng cn ph hp. Do yu cu lp t mt h thng iu khin v gim st vn hnh nhanh chng chnh xc s dng cng ngh hin i l cn thit. Phng n ci to v nng cp TBA theo hng t ng ho l mt

Hnh 1.5. T o lng v gim st trong cc TBA 110kV 1.3.2.2. Hin trng iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA 110kV (E20) a) Gii thiu b) Hin trng cc thit b iu khin v gim st trong trm

9 phng n kh thi gim chi ph u t, ph hp iu kin kinh t Vit Nam hin nay.

10 Cc b x l trung tm (CPU - Central Processing Unit), x l ton b chng trnh ng dng do ngi dng vit m khng cn lin kt dy ni bng phn cng. [7] 2.2.2. Phn loi b iu khin lp trnh PLC 2.2.3. X l chng trnh 2.2.3.1. Vng qut chng trnh 2.2.3.2. Cu trc chng trnh 2.2.4. Li ch v ng dng ca PLC trong cc lnh vc t ng ho 2.2.5. B iu khin lp trnh S7-300 ca hng Siemens 2.2.5.1. Gii thiu B iu khin lp trnh S7-300 l thit b thuc dng sn phm cao cp, c dng cho nhng ng dng ln, thi gian p ng nhanh, ni mng tt v c kh nng pht trin h thng v sau. Ngn ng lp trnh h tr nhiu i tng s dng, lin kt vi my tnh qua cp MPI dng module CPU, xem hnh 2.6.

CHNG 2 NGHIN CU PHN MM SCADA WINCC V THIT B IU KHIN LP TRNH PLC


2.1. PHN MM SCADA WINCC
2.1.1. Tng quan v phn mm Scada WinCC WinCC l phn mm dng thit k giao din iu khin v gim st qu trnh. WinCC cung cp giao din m, h tr s dng trn nn Windows 2000 v Windows XP, tng thch vi nhiu loi PLC ca cc hng khc nhau. c bit truyn thng tt vi PLC ca hng Siemens.[3] 2.1.2. c trng c bn ca WinCC 2.1.2.1. Chc nng ha (Graphics System) 2.1.2.2. H thng thng bo (Alarm Logging) 2.1.2.3. Chc nng hin th cc gi tr x l (Tag Logging) 2.1.2.4. Chc nng in d liu (Report Designer) 2.1.3. Cc thnh phn trong WinCC 2.1.3.1. D n trong WinCC 2.1.3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn trong mt d n WinCC

Hnh 2.6. H thng kt ni PLC vi PC qua cp MPI Kh nng lin kt v trao i d liu vi WinCC rt mnh thng qua mng truyn thng c sn m khng cn s can thip phn cng no.[10] 2.2.5.2. Cc module ca PLC S7-300 [10] tng tnh mm do trong cc ng dng, PLC S7-300 c chia nh thnh cc module, xem hnh 2.7.

2.2. THIT B IU KHIN LP TRNH PLC


2.2.1. Gii thiu chung Thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control), l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi thc hin thut ton bng mch s.

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12 Profibus s dng truyn tin cp xon i v cp RS 485 chun cng nghip trong cc ng dng sn xut hoc IEC 1158-2 trong iu khin qu trnh. 2.3.4.1. K thut mng Profibus 2.3.4.2. Cc kiu giao thc truyn thng trong mng Profibus 2.3.5. Mng Ethernet cng nghip 2.3.5.1. Gii thiu IE (Industrial Ethernet) mng Ethernet cng nghip l mng phc v cho cp qun l v cp phn xng thc hin truyn thng gia my tnh v cc h thng t ng ho, xem hnh 2.17.

Hnh 2.7. Cu hnh mt Rail (ray) ca trm PLC S7-300 a) Module CPU b) Module m rng 2.2.5.3. Kiu d liu v phn chia b nh 2.2.5.4. Ngn ng lp trnh: S7-300 c 3 ngn ng lp trnh chnh: ngn ng lp trnh STL, FBD v LAD. Trong lun vn tc gi s dng ngn ng LAD phc v cho cng vic lp trnh ca mnh. [7]

2.3. MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP


2.3.1. Mng PPI PPI (Point to Point Interface) thc hin truyn thng ni tip im ti im. 2.3.1.1. c trng c bn ca mng PPI 2.3.1.2. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca mng PPI 2.3.2. Mng MPI (Multi Point Interface) Mng MPI c s dng cho cp trng hay cp phn xng vi yu cu v khong cch gia cc trm khng ln. 2.3.2.1. c trng c bn mng MPI 2.3.2.2. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca mng MPI 2.3.3. Mng AS-I 2.3.3.1. c trng c bn ca mng AS-I 2.3.3.2. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca mng AS-I 2.3.4. Mng Profibus Hnh 2.17. Cu trc mng Ethernet cng nghip 2.3.5.2. Cc thng s c bn ca mng Ethernet cng nghip

2.4. KT LUN
Ngy nay vi s pht trin nhanh ca PLC, kh nng truyn thng mnh ca PLC khc phc c nhc im ca cc thit b in t b nhiu cao. PLC h tr cc mng truyn thng nh MPI, Profibus v Ethernet cng nghip em li kh nng truyn thng trn PLC hiu qu cao hn vi tc truyn d liu ti a 100Mbits.

13 WinCC l phn mm chuyn dng xy dng giao din iu khin cng nh phc v vic x l v lu tr d liu. Ngoi ra WinCC cn h tr kt ni vi S7-300 x l thng tin iu khin. V vy c th dng WinCC v PLC lp trnh iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA trong h thng in Vit Nam.

14 Dng kim tra kt qu nghin cu, bao gm: 3.2.2.1. Khi thit b lp trnh PLC 3.2.2.2. Khi tn hiu ng vo 3.2.2.3. Khi tn hiu ng ra 3.2.3. Thit b kt ni PLC vi PC

CHNG 3 XY DNG, LP T M HNH IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV DNG WINCC 6.0 V PLC S7-300
3.1. M U 3.2. XY DNG M HNH IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV (E20)
M hnh c xy dng bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh hnh 3.1.

3.3. LP T M HNH, THIT K CHNG TRNH IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV (E20)
3.3.1. S u dy gia thit b ngoi vi vi PLC

Hnh 3.3. S khi u h thng WinCC - PLC vi thit b ngoi vi 3.3.2. u ni cc module trong m hnh 3.3.2.1. S u dy module ng vo

Hnh 3.1. M hnh iu khin v gim st TBA 110kV (E20) 3.2.1. Khi my tnh Dng thit kt giao din iu khin v lp trnh cho PLC 3.2.2. M hnh m phng Hnh 3.4. S u dy module ng vo trn m hnh 3.3.2.2. S u dy module ng ra

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Hnh 3.5. S u dy module ng ra trn m hnh 3.3.3. Xy dng s logic m bo an ton v trnh thao tc nhm khi iu khin thit b trong TBA Cn c vo cc iu kin rng buc trong vn hnh, tc gi xy dng s logic, bao gm: 3.3.3.1. S logic iu khin MC 131 3.3.3.2. S logic iu khin MC 431 3.3.3.3. S logic iu khin MC 471 3.3.3.4. S logic iu khin DCL 131-1 3.3.3.5. S logic iu khin DCL 171-7 3.3.3.6. S logic iu khin DCL 112-1 3.3.3.7. S logic iu khin cc dao ni t (DN) 3.3.4. Xy dng thut ton iu khin v gim st vn hnh Hnh 3.13. S thut ton chng trnh iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA

3.4. LP TRNH IU KHIN PLC DNG PHN MM SIMATIC MANAGER (STEP7)


3.4.1. Xy dng cu hnh cng [7]

Hnh 3.14. Cu hnh cng CPU 313C v2.6

17 3.4.2. To d n (Project) v lu tr 3.4.3. Khai bo tn bin trong PLC (tham kho ph lc 3) 3.3.4. Lp trnh cho PLC (tham kho ph lc 4) [3],[12] 3.4.5. Np chng trnh, kim tra v hiu chnh chng trnh 3.5. THIT K GIAO DIN IU KHIN TRN NN WINCC 3.5.1. Khai bo cu hnh 3.5.1.1. To kt ni WinCC vi PLC 3.5.2.1. M giao din iu khin 3.5.2.2. To giao hin th chnh

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Hnh 3.20. Thit k giao din hin th chnh trn nn WinCC Hnh 3.17. Khai bo kt ni PLC vi WinCC dng mng MPI 3.5.1.2. To cc bin ngoi (External Tags) 3.5.2.3. To giao din iu khin v gim st vn hnh

Hnh 3.19. Khai bo Tag (bin) ng vo, ng ra trn WinCC 3.5.2. Thit k giao din iu khin trong Graphics Designer

19 Hnh 3.21. Thit k s iu khin v gim st thit b ng ct trn nn WinCC 3.5.3. Lp trnh WinCC lin kt vi PLC hin th v thu thp d liu 3.5.3.1. Lp trnh hin th cc trng thi i tng iu khin a) Khai bo cc bin iu khin ng vo: Trong nhm Tag IN_PUT, khai bo tag thnh phn tham gia vo qu trnh iu khin, nt ON_131 (M0.0) dng ng MC 131. b) Khai bo cc bin iu khin ng ra: Trong nhm Tag OUT_PUT, khai bo tag thnh phn tham gia vo qu trnh hin th. a ch Q1.0 tng ng vi tn hiu D_131 trn giao din iu khin. c) Lp trnh iu khin tn hiu ng ct i tng iu khin: Chn i tng iu khin (ON_131), chn ngn ng lp trnh C-Action lp trnh cho tn hiu ng MC 131, xem hnh 3.24

20 Hnh 3.24. Lp trnh nt nhn ON_131 iu khin ng MC 131 3.5.2.2. Thu thp d liu v cnh bo cc i tng iu khin a) Chc nng thu thp d liu vn hnh

Hnh 3.26. Khai bo Tag trong module Tag Logging b) Chc nng hin th cnh bo: Hnh 3.27 trnh by cch khai bo trong module Alarm Logging.

Hnh 3.27. Khai cc Tag trong module Alarm Logging

21 3.6. KT LUN Vi thut ton logic mm do c lp trnh trn my tnh khng nhng thit lp nhanh lin kt logic khng ch ng quy trnh vn hnh v iu kin lm vic an ton cho thit b ca PLC khng ch thit b trong trm bin p 110kV (E20) d dng m cn c th m rng cho cc trm bin p khc trong h thng in Vit Nam. M hnh ny th hin mt phn chc nng iu khin v gim st thit b iu khin trong phm vi trm bin p. Vi s h tr ca phn mm WinCC v kh nng lin kt mnh ca PLC. Nu c lp t cc thit b bo v, thit b o lng theo chun cng nghip hon ton c th iu khin v thu thp d liu TBA theo cng ngh t ng ho ca cc hng ni ting trn th gii.

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4.2. HNG DN VN HNH M HNH V KT QU M PHNG


4.2.1. Np chng trnh iu khin t my tnh sang PLC m bo tnh bo mt ca chng trnh ngi vn hnh phi c mt khu mi truy cp c chng trnh, xem hnh 4.2

Hnh 4.2. Nhp mt khu khi np chng trnh sang PLC 4.2.2. Khi ng giao din iu khin thit k trn nn WinCC thc hin iu khin ngi vn hnh phi c mt khu mi cho php truy cp vo h thng, xem hnh 4.4.

CHNG 4 KT QU VN HNH M HNH IU KHIN V GIM ST VN HNH TBA 110kV DNG WINCC 6.0 V PLC S7-300
4.1. QUY TRNH VN HNH TBA 110kV (E20)
4.1.1. Trnh t thao tc nhn in 110kV t TBA 220kV (E21) 4.1.1.1. Kim tra trc khi ng in 4.1.1.2. Trnh t thao tc nhn in t xut tuyn 171 - E21 4.1.1.3. Trnh t thao tc cp in cho cc xut tuyn 4.1.1.4. Trnh t thao tc nhn in t xut tuyn 172 - E21 4.1.2. Trnh t thao tc ct in TBA 110kV (E20)

Hnh 4.4. Yu cu mt khu khi truy cp vo giao din iu khin 4.2.3. iu khin v gim st cc thit b trong TBA 110kV (E20)

23 4.2.3.1. Kim tra kt ni PLC vi WinCC m bo lin kt iu khin trn m hnh v hin th trng thi trn s cp MPI phi c khai bo trong WinCC theo ng a ch, xem hnh 4.6.

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Hnh 4.6. Kim tra a ch kt ni gia PLC vi WinCC 4.2.3.2. Thc hin qu trnh iu khin v hin th trng thi trn s Khi thc hin iu khin ng MC 131 bng nt nhn ON_131 cc tn hiu iu khin trn m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 4.9. MC 131 ang ng cp ngun cho MBA - Tn hiu chng trnh trong PLC ch bo Q1.0 ang c in tc CPU xut tn hiu i ng MC 131. 4.2.4. Thu thp d liu v cnh bo cc thit b ng, ct trong TBA 4.2.4.1. Hin th trng thi s Khi MC ng tt, trn giao din HMI hin th trng thi logic ng MC 131, xem hnh 4.19.

Hnh 4.7. Tn hiu ng MC 131

Hnh 4.8. n bo MC131 ang ng Hnh 4.19. Trng thi MC ang ng 4.2.4.2. Hin th s ln ng, ct cc thit b trong TBA B m trong PLC v module Tag Logging thc hin c chc nng m s ln ng, ct ca thit b trong TBA.

Trn giao din HMI trng thi mu ch thit b ang ng, trng thi mu xanh ch thit b ang ct

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26 - Hin th thng bo ln mn hnh: khi mt s c xy ra hay thao tc nhm khng thnh cng u c module Alarm Logging lu li v thng bo trn giao din iu khin, xem hnh 4.26

Hnh 4.22. Thng bo s ln ng MC 4.2.4.3. Khng ch s ln ct MC do s c khng vt qu tr s quy nh ca Nh sn xut

Hnh 4.26. Thng bo tnh trng lm vic ca h thng iu khin v gim st vn hnh TBA

4.3. KT LUN
Qua kt qu vn hnh trn m hnh cho thy thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-300 v phn mm WinCC thc hin iu khin v gim st cc thit b trong phm vi ton trm thng qua chng trnh v giao din do tc gi thit k ng vi trm bin p 110kV (E20). Chng trnh thc hin c: iu khin thao tc; gim st vn hnh; thu thp d liu. Hnh 4.23. Chng trnh khng ch MC 131 ct s c khng c vt tr s quy nh ca Nh sn xut 4.2.4.4. Qu trnh hin th cnh bo trng thi vn hnh - Thit lp cc mc cnh bo v la chn mu hin th, xem hnh 4.25 p ng yu cu iu khin v gim st thit b ng, ct trong TBA.

KT LUN V KIN NGH


Trong h thng song song tn ti hai phng thc iu khin TBA: phng thc truyn thng v phng thc iu khin theo cng ngh t ng ho. Cng ngh truyn thng bc l nhiu khuyt im, cng ngh t ng ho gp nhiu kh khn v vn hnh v sa cha. Qua kt qu nghin cu cho thy m hnh p ng mt

Hnh 4.25. Thit lp mu sc cnh bo

phn h thng iu khin bng my tnh mc trm. T my tnh c

27 th iu khin, gim st v thu thp thng tin vn hnh cho php nhn vin vn hnh xc nh nhanh tnh trng s c v c bin php loi tr nhanh chng m bo an ton cho h thng. u im ca PLC giao tip d dng vi cc thit b iu khin v bo v nhiu chng loi hin c trong trm thng qua cng giao tip s, tng t thc hin chc nng iu khin; WinCC giao tip tt vi PLC qua cc module truyn thng khc phc c nhc im ca nhng thit b in t b nhiu cao. M hnh c th s dng lm ti liu ging dy v hun luyn cho sinh vin v i ng nhn vin vn hnh TBA. Vi kt cu moddule ca PLC c th gn thm module truyn thng Profibus hay Ethernet m rng phm vi iu khin c th kt ni vi h thng Scada ang vn hnh trong h thng in Vit Nam. M hnh m ra hng mi khng ch iu khin v gim st cho cc TBA 110kV m cn m rng vi mc ch iu khin v kim sot ph ti li in 22kV, 0,4kV ti cc in lc Tnh, Thnh ph. y l hng pht trin ca ti.

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