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LI CM N!
---------------- -----------------Qua 2 nm hc tp v rn luyn ti trng Cao ng Phng ng n nay em hon thnh kha hc. Vi lng bit n su sc ca mnh em xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh ca ton th cc thy c gio trong ngnh in T - Vin Thng trng Cao ng Phng ng cng nh cc thy c ti trng trung hcChnh Vin Thng v CNTT II ging dy v hng dn em trong sut qu trnh hc tp cng nh hon thnh bo co tt nghip ny. ng cm n cc anh ch ti trung tm vin thng Bc Tam K to mi iu kin v tn tnh gip em trong sut qu trnh thc tp. V thi gian c hn v kin thc cn hn ch nn bo co ny ca em chc chn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s gp , nh gi ca thy c v cc bn cng lp em hon thnh tt bn bo co ny! Tam K, ngy thng nm 2010 Sinh vin thc hin

Ng Thanh Hng

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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

LI M U
S pht trin ca h tng c s thng tin l yu t quan trng thc y nn kinh t pht trin v gp phn nng cao i sng x hi ca con ngi. C th ni lnh vc vin thng lm thay i b mc, tnh cch ca tri t, l hin thc ha kh nng lin kt ca mi ngi, mi quc gia, gn kt mi ngi vi nhau nh mt mng li vin thng v hnh v hu hnh trn khp tri t v v tr. S hi t trong lnh vc vin thng cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, nhu cu s dng v truyn d liu ca con ngi cng tng ln rt nhanh. Ngnh vin thng v ang ng mt vai tr ln lao trong vic vn chuyn tri thc, thc y qu trnh sng to a thng tin khp ni v tt c cc lnh vc t khoa hc, cng ngh, gii tr cng nh sc khe Vin thng em li s hi t, hay s thng nht v cc loi hnh truyn d liu nh thoi, video( truyn hnh qung b v truyn hnh theo yu cu), theo d liu internet bng thng rng thc y ngnh cng ngh thng tin pht trin ln mt mc cao hn vi a dng cc loi dch v v chi ph r hn. To nn mt th gii gn hn, xua i mi tr ngi v khong cch a l v to ra nhiu c hi giao lu v hp tc vn ha, x hi, kinh t Qua thi gian thc tp chng em l sinh vin ca nghnh in t vin thng mt phn no tha mn c nhng kin thc v nghnh ngh ca mnh. Qua thc nghim em rt ra c nhng bi hc kinh nghim qu gi lm tin u tin cho s pht trin ngh nghip ca ring mnh v gp phn vo s pht trin nghnh in t vin thng ca t nc trong thi k hin nay. V sau y l ni dung bo co ca em!

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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

NI DUNG BO CO!

Phn I: C S L LUN (CP VIN THNG)

I. Cu to v ng dng cc loi cp vin thng. 1 Cp ng 1.1 Cp ng trc a. Cu to

Hnh 1: Co to cp ng trc - Lp 1- Lp li ( Conducting core): cht liu c lm bng ng dng truyn tn hiu in. - Lp 2 ( Insulation): lm bng cht cch in ( lp nha PVC, Teflon), lp ny bo v dy li v l lp cch in vi lp th 3 - Lp 3 (Copper wire mesh or aluminum sleeve): l lp bc kim, tc dng chng nhiu xuyn m, v cng l ng dy mt. Thng lm bng cht hp kim hay nhm. - Lp ngoi ( Outer shield): lm bng nha PVC chng s xm nhp ca hi nc,chng s ph hy c hc. b. ng dng Dng truyn tn hiu in khong cch xa, s dng trong mng truyn hnh, kt ni gia cc tng i 1.2 Cp xon i (Twisted pair) a. cu to - Cp xon i l loi cp gm nhiu cp dy ng xon li vi nhau nhm chng pht x nhiu in t t bn ngoi,

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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

- nu khng xon li vi nhau th tn hiu s cng pha nn bin tng dn n nhiu. - nu xon li th tn hiu s cho nhau ngc pha nhau nn nhiu b trit tiu. - T s pht x ca loi cp UTP v s xuyn m(Crosstalk) gia nhng cp cp lin k. - C 2 loi cp xon i: + Cp xon i c v bc chng nhiu STP + Cp xon i khng c v bc chng nhiu UTP Cp STP (Shielded Twisted - Pair): Gm nhiu cp xon c ph bn ngoi 1 lp v lm bng dy ng bn. Lp v ny c chc nng chng nhiu t bn ngoi v chng pht x nhiu bn trong. Lp chng nhiu ny c ni t thot nhiu. Tc trn l thuyt 500Mbps v trn thc t 155Mbps vi chiu di 100m. S dng u ni DIN (DB-9), RJ45.

Hnh 2: cu to cp c v bc chng nhiu- UTP Cp UTP (Unshielded Twisted - Pair): Gm nhiu cp xon nh cp STP nhng n khng c lp v bc chng nhiu. di ti a ca on cp l 100m. D b nhiu khi t gn cc thit b nh: ng dy in cao th, nhiu xuyn knh S dng u ni RJ45.

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Hnh 3: cu to cp khng c v bc chng nhiu- UTP b. ng dng Dng truyn tn hiu khong cch gn, kt ni trong mng LAN kt ni gia cc computer vi nhau, computer vi modul, switch 2 Cp quang a. Cu to

Cp quang cu to gm 3 b phn chnh: + li (core). + lp phn x nh sng (cladding). + lp v bo v chnh (primary coating hay cn gi coating, primary buffer). - Core c lm bng si thy tinh hoc plastic dng truyn dn nh sng. - Bao bc core l cladding - lp thy tinh hay plastic - nhm bo v v phn x nh sng tr li core. - Primary coating l lp v nha PVC gip bo v core v cladding khng b bi, m, try xc. Hai loi cp quang ph bin l: GOF (Glass Optical Fiber) - cp quang lm bng thu tinh
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POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) - cp quang lm bng plastic. - POF c ng knh core kh ln khong 1mm, s dng cho truyn dn tn hiukhong cch ngn, mng tc thp. Trn cc ti liu k thut, bn thng thy cp quang GOF ghi cc thng s 9/125m, 50/125m hay 62,5/125m, y l ng knh ca core/cladding; cn primary coating c ng knh mc nh l 250m. - Bo v si cp quang l lp v ngoi gm nhiu lp khc nhau ty theo cu to, tnh cht ca mi loi cp. Nhng c ba lp bo v chnh l: + lp chu lc ko (strength member). + lp v bo v ngoi (buffer). + lp o gip (jacket) Strength member l lp chu nhit, chu ko cng, thng lm t cc si Kevlar. Buffer thng lm bng nha PVC, bo v trnh va p, m t. Jacket c kh nng chu va p, nhit v chu mi mn, bo v phn bn trong trnh m t v cc nh hng t mi trng. Mi loi cp, ty theo yu cu s dng s c thm cc lp jacket khc nhau b. Phn loi Phn loi Cp quang: Gm hai loi chnh: * Multimode (a mode) - Multimode stepped index (chit xut bc): Li ln (100 micron), cc tia to xung nh sng c th i theo nhiu ng khc nhau trong li: thng, zig-zag ti im n s nhn cc chm tia ring l, v vy xung d b mo dng. - Multimode graded index (chit xut lin tc): Li c ch s khc x gim dn t trong ra ngoi cladding. Cc tia gn trc truyn chm hn cc tia gn cladding. Cc tia theo ng cong thay v zig-zag. Cc chm tia ti im hi t, v vy xung t b mo dng. * Single mode (n mode) Li nh (8 mocron hay nh hn), h s thay i khc x thay i t li ra cladding t hn multimode. Cc tia truyn theo phng song song trc. Xung nhn c hi t tt, t mo dng. c. c im - Pht: Mt it pht sng (LED) hoc laser truyn d liu xung nh sng vo cp quang.
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- Nhn: s dng cm ng quang chuyn xung nh sng ngc thnh data. - Cp quang ch truyn sng nh sng (khng truyn tn hiu in) nn nhanh, khng b nhiu v b nghe trm. - suy dn thp hn cc loi cp ng nn c th ti cc tn hiu i xa hng ngn km. - Ci t i hi phi c chuyn mn nht nh - Cp quang v cc thit b i km rt t tin so vi cc loi cp ng d. ng dng * Multimode S dng cho truyn ti tn hiu trong khong cch ngn, bao gm: - Step index: dng cho khong cch ngn, ph bin trong cc n soi trong - Graded index: thng dng trong cc mng LAN * Single mode Dng cho khong cch xa hng nghn km, ph bin trong cc mng in thoi, mng truyn hnh cp. e. u im - Mng hn - Cp quang c thit k c ng knh nh hn cp ng. - Dung lng ti cao hn - Bi v si quang mng hn cp ng, nhiu si quang c th c b vo vi ng knh cho hn cp ng. iu ny cho php nhiu knh i qua cp ca bn. - Suy gim tn hiu t - Tn hiu b mt trong cp quang t hn trong cp ng. - Tn hiu nh sng - Khng ging tn hiu in trong cp ng, tn hiu nh sng t si quang khng b nhiu vi nhng si khc trong cng cp. iu ny lm cho cht lng tn hiu tt hn. - S dng in ngun t hn - Bi v tn hiu trong cp quang gim t, my pht c th s dng ngun thp hn thay v my pht vi in th cao c dng trong cp ng. - Tn hiu s - Cp quang l tng thch hp ti thng tin dng s m c bit hu dng trong mng my tnh. - Khng chy - V khng c in xuyn qua Cp quang, v vy khng c nguy c ha hn xy ra. f. Nhc im - Ni cp kh khn, dy cp dn cng thng cng tt. - Chi ph - Chi ph hn ni v thit b u cui cao hn so vi cp ng II. Tm hiu cp quang trong thc t -Cp si quang th sng ca hng TCFO hon ton p ng tt nht cc tiu chun ITU-T G.652 chun D, cc ch tiu ca IEC v tiu chun ngnh TCN 68160: 1996.
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1 Cp di nc 1.1 Cu trc ca cp a. c tnh k thut ca cng ngh ng m lng - Si quang c bo v bng lp bo v nguyn thy (s cp) s c t trong 1 lp bo v th 2 (th cp), gi l ng m (buffer tube). - ng m ny c th cha c 1 hoc nhiu si quang ln n 12 si (ng m ng knh 2,0mm th cha c ti a 6 si quang v ng m ng knh 2,6mm th cha c ti a 12 si quang), si quang nm lng trong ng, cc si quang nm v tr tm ca ng m, do phi bn vo thnh li cp nn cc ng m c chiu di ln hn, chiu di tng thm ph thuc vo bn knh bn ca li, ng knh ng v bc khi bn. Chnh v vy, nu mt lc ko tc ng ln cp th s gin di ca cp s khng to ra sc cng ca si quang v khng lm tng suy hao cho si quang. - ng m c lm y bng cc hp cht chng m, chng nm mc, khng dn in, cht Gel c bit chng s sm nhp ca nc v chng nc lu li. Cht Gel ny vi hp cht dung mi khng gy c hi s d dng ty ra cc bi bn v cc cht bm bn ngoi. K thut ca cng ngh ng m lng cng l cu trc tt nht cho si cp v s gin n ra ca cp di s tc ng ca nhit . Cu trc ny cng cung cp s bo v tt nht chng li cc lc ko ngang. Vi cu trc ny si quang s bo v mt cch tt nht, khng b nh hng bi mt tc ng bt k bn ngoi. b. m mu ca si quang Si quang 1: Xanh dng Si quang 3: Xanh Lc Si quang 5: Tro Si quang 7: Si quang 9: Vng Si quang 11: Hng c. m mu ca ng m ng m 1: Xanh dng ng m 3: Xanh lc ng m 5: Tro ng m 2: Cam ng m 4: Nu * Quy lut ma mau tt Trng en Vng Tm 1.2 lp v cp
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Si quang 2: Cam Si quang 4: Nu Si quang 6: Trng Si quang 8: en Si quang 10: Tm Si quang 12: Xanh bin

Xanh dng 1 6 11 16 21

cam 2 7 12 17 22

xanh l cy 3 8 13 18 23

nu 4 9 14 19 24

xm tro 5 10 15 20 25

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- Mt lp nhm bao quanh li cp chng li s xm nhp ca nc. Pha bn ngoi ca lp nhm l lp v nha lm bng hp cht PE c dy 1mm. - Tip theo l lp v thp dy 0.25 mm c ph mt lp nha plastic c hai mt. Ngoi cng l lp v PE dy 1.5 mm cha thnh phn Carbon en v cc hp cht chng li tia cc tm t nh sng mt tri, khng cho nm mc pht trin v c th trnh trc cc vt nt, l thng v cp lp phng ca lp v bn ngoi. - Ngoi ra, lp v cp cn c kh nng cch in cao (> 20 KVDC hay 10 KVAC trong 5 pht) v chng cn trng gm nhm. - Nhn c in trn b mt ca v cp ti mi mt mt theo chiu di ca si. V d nh: TCFO 2007 OFC/SM/DB(D)-24F QDTEK 4000m Tn nh my sn xut : TCFO Nm sn xut : 2007 Chng loi cp: OFC/SM/DB-24F Tn ca n v i tc: QDTEK S mt ca chiu di : 40000m 1.3 thng s k thut

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1.4 ng dng

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S dng trong mng din rng (mng WAN), mng ton cu ( mng GAN) . 2. CP SI QUANG CHN TRC TIP PHI KIM LOI (DBNM) (FOCAL) Cp si quang chn trc tip hon ton phi kim c cu trc c thit k nhm p ng mt cch tt nht cc yu cu k thut ca tiu chun ITUT G.652, cc ch tiu ca IEC, EIA v tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-160: 1996.

2.1Cu trc cp S si: T 2 n 96 si quang n mode. - Bc sng hot ng ca si quang : 1310 nm v 1550 nm. - Phn t chu lc phi kim loi trung tm. - ng m cha v bo v si quang c lm theo cng ngh ng m lng. - ng m c cha si quang c bn theo phng php SZ chung quanh phn t chu lc trung tm (bn 2 lp). - Cc khong trng gia si v b mt trong ca lng ng m c in y bng mt hp cht c bit chng s thm nhp ca nc. - Lp si tng hp chu lc phi kim loi bao quanh li. - Lp nha PolyEthylene bo v trong. - Lp v cng ngoi bng nha PolyAmide Mu Cam hoc en (Nylon 12) chng mi mt. - Thch hp cho chn trc tip hon ton phi kim loi (DBNM) v chn lun ng (DU).

2.2c tnh k thut

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III. Cch ni cp quang Cch thc hin 1 mi hn: gm 4 bc c bn Bc 1: Chun b si quang Bc 2: Ct si Bc 3: t nng si Bc 4: Bo v si Bc 1: Chun b si quang - B tt c cc lp ch cn cha li hai lp c bn ca si quang lp li(Core) v lp bc(cladding). K tip l lau sch si bng alcohol 90. Yu cu phi t c sch cao. Bc 2: Ct si Thc hin vt ct thng.Yu cu vt ct l: mt ct phng, khng m, khng li mp, mt ct khng dnh bi hay cc cht bn, mt ct phi vung gc vi trc ca si u tin dng dao ct si Tip theo ko hoc b cong si to 1 vt gy kho. Do yu cu v chnh xc cao nn cc con dao tt ng gi t 1000$4000$ !!! Bc 3: t nng si: Gm 2 bc nhim v chnh l: 1. Xp thng hng hai si quang (iu chnh cho 2 si quang ng trc) 2. Phng tia la in t nng hai u si nhm thc hin s hn ni. Bc 4: Bo v si Mt mi hn tt khng b b gy trong qu trnh x l bnh thng. Mt mi hn in hnh c lc ko cng t 0.5 n 1.5lbs nhng n phi c bo v khi b un cong v lc ko cng. Trong mi hn ring r c bo v bng ng nhit co (heat shrinkable tube) hoc mt thnh phn vt l khc.

Phn II: C S THC TIN

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I. S mng vin thng Bc Tam K:

C UB TINL

3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 5 0 m .1 0 .2 0 0 0

3 0x2 x0 .5= 1 000 m UBT .MY 5 0 x2 x0 .5= 1 00 0 NG m NH N 50 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0m TR NG C P3

5 0 x2 x0 .5= 1 5 0 m .1 0 .0 1 2 0 x2x 0 .5 = 1 5 0 m .1 0 .01 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 2 50 m .1 1 .0 2 30 x2 x0 .5= 2 00 m .11 .01

2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 2 5 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5= 5 0 0 m G VU N 1 0 x2 x0 .5 = 3 00 ATH NH m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 00 0 m H N GKHA N NG SONG O C 5 0 x2x0 .5 = 7 50 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m m 0 0 0 1 = NGM 3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m .5 P x0 BT.HI 0x2 X N 3 BAI G N G QUA N 5 0x2 x0 .5= 5 0 0 m 3 0 x2x0 .5 = 5 00 m G TN N O 0m A 0 I9 0 1 = YG 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 2 5 0 m .5 1 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m x0 C 0x2 3 3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 00 m NH G CA T. 4 THN PHUN NG BATM 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m NH UY H CU BAANH 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 2 5 0 m 20 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m G XUN N m 0 0 HOA 0 NG 1 = 1 .5 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 00 0 m 0x x0 GIA ODU C x2 2x 0 2 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 5 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m 0.5 = 3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m 80 U OL G N E TR 0m 2 0 x2 x0 .5= 5 0 0 m 2 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m G CNG N BATN GKIM N CY GIO CT TR U 2 0 x2 x0 .5= 5 0 0 m 20 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 m N G D N 3 0x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m X NGC A T NGTU H N UBT.CA 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 00 m U U.B HUY N 3 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m GHI N m CH CU 00 5 = .5 NGHA x0 A x2 NGHO 0 CAFK T 3 CNGAN I THUYL 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m NG PHONG NG Q UANG M XA TRA 3 0x2 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0m 50 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m CMUU D M BM TRA 2 00 x2 x0 .4= 7 0 0 m 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 3 0 x2 x2 x0 .5= 1 0 0 0 m O CY GA
N G TI N U G D XN

BAA

NG TU N 2 0 x2x 0 .5 = 1 00 N 0 m GT I N 2 0 x2 x0 .5 1 00 TR = 0 m NG T.P 3 0 x2 HO x0 NG .5 = 1 00 0 BA m LI N 3 0 x2 x0 .5 1 00 NG = 0 L M m 3 0 x2 x0 .5= 1 0 0 0 CY m SAN H 3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 10 0 DC 0m T RAN 3 0 H x2 x0 .5= 1 00 SU m I CA 0 N

1 0x2 x0 .5 = 3 0 0 m

NG

3 0 x2 x0 .5 = 100 0 m T M

1 0 0 x2x 0 .4 = 70 0 m

2 0 x2x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m

A CHU

O G HA N

2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m

B U I N

NGTN

BALA I

6 .9 0 .1 m 0 5 3 0 x2 x2 x0 .5 = 8 0 0 m 2 = .5 0 x 2 x 0 3

5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m I C B D 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m
G SA N

1 0 0 x2 x2x0 .4 = 5 4 0 m

P1 N U G CA N G B TR m 0 0 5 = .5 x0 0x2 2
m 0 00 1 .5= x0 x2 0 3

NGA4CH
m 00 0 1 = .5 x0 x2 0 3
m 0 15 .5= x0 x2 30

2 0 0 x2 x0 . 4 = 70 0 m SNGTIN

SA U LN

CNGAN 3 0x2 x0.5 = 250 m 2 0x2 x0 .5= 5 0 0 m

M NGLI

BALIN NGHA 1 0 0 x2 x 0 .4 = 2 0 0 m

2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m
I NGHA

6 .9 0 .1 m 50 2 = .5 x0 x2 0 3

THUY

3 0 x2x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m 5 0 x2 x0 .9 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m NG TR
NH 3 G B N 0x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m

2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m

A NGC X N UY HUY

GHI CHU : - Ca pcu : - Ca pM i: - H pCa pCu : - H pCa pM i :

C TRANH NGKI U D 1 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 00 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 9 0 0 m NG NNG 20 x2 x0 .5 = 6 0 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 4 0 0 m2 0x2 x0 .5 = 2 0 0 0 m NGHA UB TINSN NGLO NG NGHA I 3 0 x2 x0 .9 = 3 0 0 m

B T.C M

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5 0 x2 x0 .9 = 7 0 0 m 20 x2x 0 2 0x2 NGN .5 x0 = .5 G 5 = UY 5 0 0 N m 00 m UB T.C M

C SI D N B NHVI TR G N 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m G KHA N 5 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 20 x2 x0 .5 = 1 5 0 m .1 1 .0 2 P I GH N 5 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 00 0 m BAHU 5 0 x2 x0 G T.HA .9= N NGT.CHU TR TR 1 0 00 m 30 x2 x0 .5 = 5 0 0 m .1 1 .02 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 7 0 0 m P G HI NGL GI N 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 5 0x2 x0 .9 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m A TRANG GH N NGT.CHU 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 8 0 0 m TR NGQU 50 x2 x0 .9 = 1 2 0 0 m UB.T.CHU NGNIN 5 0 x2 x0 .9= 1 50 0 m 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 1 0x2 x0 .5 = 3 0 0 m G N GTH N NG NHO 1 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m U CHI NG T.CHU THN 1 5 0 x2 x0 .9 = 1 5 0 0 m 2 0x2 x0 .5 = 9 0 0 m 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 0x2 x0 .5 = 1 0 0 0 m 2 D CD SU I TR U 5 0 x2 x0 .9= 1 50 0 m 2 0 x2x0 .5 = 9 0 0 m NGPHU NG LM TR NG NAM G N 2 0 x2 x0 .5 = 9 0 0 m 50x2 x0 .9 = 1 0 0 0 m TRA ID NGL C 20 x2 x0 .5 = 9 0 0 m NGTN

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II. Tng quan v mng vin thng Qung Nam:

1. Gii thiu vin thng Qung Nam Qung Nam l mt tnh ven bin thuc vng Nam Trung B Vit Nam c ta a l khong 10802616 n 10804404 kinh ng v t 1502338 n 1503843 v bc. Pha bc gip thnh ph Nng v tnh Tha Thin-Hu, pha nam gip tnh Qung Ngi v tnh Kon Tum, pha ng gip bin ng, pha ty gip tnh Skoong ca nc CHDCND Lo. Trung tm hnh chnh ca tnh l thnh ph Tam K. Qung Nam ni ting vi hai di sn vn ha th gii l Hi An v M Sn. Cc dch v c bn ca vin thng Qung Nam cung cp: Cho thu knh ring. Cc dch v cng thm trn mng in thoi c nh, di ng. Gii thiu dch v Internet. Gii thiu cc dch v th: Card phone, 1719, ifone Gii thiu dch v in thoi c nh khng dy Gphone. Gii thiu cc dch v ca Vinaphone. Hin nay vin thng cho thu knh ring trn 2 gc , l ng truyn quang, vi ba v ng truyn cp ng. Cc dch v cng thm trn mng TC Quay s rt gn Quay t 1 n 3 ch s thay v phi quay c dy s, i khi rt di v kh nh, nht l khi gi quc t. Ch dng cho my in thoi n h tone. Bn phm c cc phm t 0 n 9, cn c 2 phm chc nng l phm *, phm #. Cch s dng : - Lp trnh: * 15 * ST * ST # - Quay s: * * ST Hy b: # 15 * ST # Trong : ST : s tt do khch hng t chn. ST : s in thoi y m khch hng mun rt gn. Bo thc t ng (bo chung hn gi) My in thoi s thc hin chc nng nh mt ng h bo thc, reng chung khi n gi hn m ch my ci t trc. Cch s dng : - Lp trnh: * 55 * ggpp # - Hy b: # 55 # Trong : gg : ch gi (t 00 n 23) pp : ch pht ( t 00 n 59) ng k trn my in thoi trc gi hn t nht 15 pht
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Thng bo vng nh Sau khi lp trnh, my s t ng thng bo "ch nh hin ang i vng" khi c cuc gi n. Cch s dng : - Lp trnh: * 25 # - Hy b: # 25 # Ghi ch: Li bo vng nh s bo lin tc khi c cuc gi cho n khi ch ci c hy b. Chuyn cuc gi tm thi Dch v ny gip khch hng gi lin lc vi my in thoi ca mnh nh, c quan m khng phi hin din ti ni t my. Sau khi c lp trnh, mi cuc gi n s c chuyn sang mt my khc (c th l my c nh, di ng, hoc v tuyn c nh) do khch hng ch nh. C 3 dng chuyn cuc gi vi cch s dng nh sau: Cch s dng : - Chuyn tc thi : Lp trnh: * 21 * s T # Hy b: # 21 # - Chuyn khi my bn : Lp trnh: * 24 * s T # Hy b: # 24 # - Chuyn sau 5 hi chung : Lp trnh: * 25 * s T # Hy b: # 25 # S T l s my m khch hng mun chuyn cuc gi n Nu mun ni chuyn tay ba vi B v C, nhp cn chnh lu, bm s 3. Dch v in thoi 3 bn (T hi ngh) Ngi ng k dch v ny c th gi cng lc hai s my khc nhau 3 ngi cng m thoi. Cch s dng: Thu bao A (c ng k dch v) gi thu bao B, bo B ch. Nhp cn chnh lu, quay s gi thu bao C. Nu A mun ni chuyn lun phin vi B hoc C, nhp cn chnh lu, bm s 2. Nu mun ni chuyn tay ba vi B v C, nhp cn chnh lu, bm s 3. ng dy nng Thun tin cho nhng khch hng c nhu cu lin lc thng xuyn vi mt my in thoi. Ch cn nhc ng nghe, in thoi ca khch hng s c kt ni vi 1 my nh trc ngay lp tc hoc sau 05 giy. Ghi ch: Khch hng phi xc nh s in thai cn kt ni s dng dch v ny. Khi s dng dch v, my in thoi ca khch hng khng th lin lc vi s in thai no khc ngoi s in thoi ng k. Dch v ny khch hng ch cn ng k vi tng i, khng cn thao tc trn my in thoi. Cp tn hiu o cc tnh cc Dch v ny gip khch hng qun l v tnh cc chnh xc trong trng
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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

hp khch hng c thu cc ca ngi s dng theo qui nh Nh nc. Tn hiu dng cho cc thit b tnh cc, my m xung cc ti cc my in thoi cng cng, cc khch sn, trung k tng i ni b. Truy tm s my gi n Dch v ny gip ch my in thai bit c s my gi n bng cch nhp cn chnh lu (b phn nm di tay nghe c tc dng cho php thc hin cuc gi khi tay nghe c nhc ln v cho php nhn cuc gi khi b tay nghe gc ln) hoc khng cn ty tng i, trong khi vn gi c cuc m thai. Nu cuc gi trong phm vi ton quc th Bu in c th tm ra s my ch gi. Cch s dng: Khi c cuc gi n, ngi s dng in thoi (c ng k dch v) nhc ng nghe v nhp cn chnh lu hoc c th khng cn nhp cn chnh lu, ty h tng i, tng i ghi nhn s in thoi gi n. Ngi c gi gi n tng i lin quan c cung cp s in thoi gi n. To nhm lin t (nhm trt) Dch v ny thun tin cho cc hng taxi, khch sn, doanh nghip, ... c nhiu s in thai giao dch. thun tin trong giao dch kinh doanh, khch hng ch cn thng bo mt s in thoi (my ci). Nu c nhiu cuc gi n s my ny cng mt lc, cc cuc gi s c t ng chuyn n cc s my khc ang ri ca khch hng. Tch nhm lin tc Trng hp khch hng s dng dch v nhm lin t, nay cn 1 s in thoi lin lc m khng ph thuc vo nhm lin t, dch v ny gip tch 1 s in thai trong nhm lin t thnh 1 s in thoi c lp. Hin th s my gi n Cho php ch my in thoi (c ng k dch v) bit c s my gi n thng qua mn hnh ca my in thai c tnh nng ny hoc trn hp hin th s gi n c gn vo ng dy in thoi. Ghi ch: Khch hng cn trang b my in thai c chc nng ny hoc hp hin th s khi s dng dch v ny. Dch v ny c thc hin sau 24h k t khi ng k. Khng cn thao tc ci t trn my. Hn ch gi i theo yu cu Dch v ny gip khch hng qun l c vic s dng in thai cht ch, trnh cc cuc gi pht sinh ngoi mun. Ch ng m hng gi khi cn v ng li khi s dng xong. + Dng kha c nh + Dng m c nhn
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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

Cch s dng : - Kho : * 34 * M s * 2 # - M : # 34 * M s # M s: gm 4 ch s khch hng ng k vi tng i. Internet VNN 1268-1269 VNN 1268: Dch v Gi VNN trong nc l dch v truy nhp Internet gin tip vo cc a ch trong nc, qun l v tnh cc theo s in thoi truy nhp. Li ch s dng dch v: Rt thch hp vi nhng ngi ch c nhu cu s dng dch v trong nc. Khng b l mt khu : Do ngi s dng Account/Password chung, cng khai nn vic l mt khu b loi tr. VNN 1269: Dch v Gi VNN quc t l dch v truy nhp Internet gin tip, c cung cp, qun l v tnh cc theo s in thoi truy nhp. Vi dch v ny khch hng c th truy nhp v s dng c tt c cc tin ch ca dch v Internet thng thng. Li ch s dng dch v: Rt thch hp vi mi nhu cu ca khch hng s dng dch v Internet. Khng b l mt khu: Do ngi s dng Account/Password chung, cng khai nn vic l mt khu b loi tr. Internet VNN1260-1260P VNN 1260 : L dch v truy nhp v s dng Internet thng qua mng in thoi cng cng (PSTN) theo hnh thc thu bao vi mc cc thu bao bng khng. Khch hng s c cung cp mt ti khon dng truy nhp v s dng cc dch v trn mng. Internet v mt hm th in t min ph. S in thoi truy nhp:1260 -Tn truy nhp: (Username) khch hng ty chn khi ng k. - Mt khu truy nhp: (Password) mt khu c Bu in cung cp sau khi hp ng c k. Phm vi s dng: Trong v ngoi nc. VNN-1260P: Khc vi dch v Internet gin tip thng thng, vi VNN1260-P ngi s dng c th kim sot mc chi tiu ca mnh bng cch thanh ton trc cc ph cc ln truy cp Internet vo ti khon VNN1260-P ca mnh trong h thng. Khi thc hin kt ni, cc ph s c t ng tr dn trc tip vo s d ti khon. np thm tin vo ti khon, ch cn mua v s dng cc th VNN1260-P. VNN1260-P c thit k em li nhiu tin li cho khch hng.
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MeGa VNN MegaVNN l g? L dch v truy nhp Internet bng rng qua mng VNN do Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT) cung cp, dch v ny cho php khch hng truy nhp Internet vi tc cao da trn cng ngh ng dy thu bao s bt i xng ADSL Cc tin ch ca dch v Mega VNN? Truy cp Internet bng cng ngh ADSLvt tri cc hnh thc truy cp Internet gin tip thng thng thng mi kha cnh: Lun lun sn sng (always on): v s liu truyn i c lp vi vic gi in thoi/Fax, ng vo Internet ca ADSL lun sn sng. D dng, khng cn phi quay s, khng vo mng/Ra mng, khng qua mng in thoi cng cng Khng phi tr cc ni ht. u im v tc kt ni: Tc l 2Mbps cho ng ti d liu xung v 640Kbps cho ng a d liu ln mng ph hp hn vi ngi s dng phi thng xuyn khai thc thng tin trn Internet. Cng ngh ADSL c th phc v cho cc ng dng i hi phi truy cp Internet vi tc cao nh: Gio dc v o to t xa, xem video theo yu cu, tr chi trc tuyn, nghe nhc, hi ngh truyn hnh, Trnh c tnh trng vn phi tr cc khi qun ngt kt ni. Khng tn hiu bn, khng thi gian ch. Vn c th nhn v gi in thoi khi ang truy nhp Internet. Gi r, dng n u tr n . Vn c a ch Email. Qu khch s c h tr 24/24h, 7ngy/tun qua s in thoi min ph 18001260 hoc 800126 in thoi c nh khng dy Gphone - GPhone l dch v in thoi c nh khng dy - Kt ni khng dy, chuyn dch d dng - Chi ph lp t v s dng thp - Tin ch phong ph: Nhn tin, hin th s ch gi, ch cuc gi, chuyn cuc gi, kt ni Internet trong tng lai - Th tc lp t nhanh chng, thun tin - c bit ph hp vi nhng vng cha c cp in thoi. Dch v in thoi th Vit Nam Cardphone Dch v in thoi th Vit Nam Cardphone do cng ty Dch v Vin thng Vit Nam (VNP) m trch vic khai thc. Hin ti c khong 9.000 trm TCC dng th trn phm vi ton quc. Trn th trng ang bn rng
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ri cc loi th gi in thoi cng cng Cardphone vi mnh gi 30.000 50.000 100.000 150.000 ng. Dch v thoi tr trc 1719 (Calling Card) Dch v thoi tr trc 1719 (Calling Card) l dch v gi in thoi ni ht, ng di trong nc v quc t tr trc, ngi s dng ch cn mua mt th in thoi tr tin trc c mnh gi t 30.000 n 200.000 ng l c th thc hin cuc gi t bt k my in thoi c nh no thng qua vic gi vo s dch v 1719. Cc ph s c tr trc tip vo ti khon th. Dch v 1719 bao gm thoi tr trc gi r cht lng VoIP 8Kbps v thoi tr trc cht lng cao nh PSTN truyn thng cht lng cao theo chun TDM 64Kbps. 2. kin thc cn trang b cho ngi cng nhn: a. Kin thc an ton lao ng v bo h lao ng: - Ngi cng nhn cn nm vng kin thc an ton lao ng v bo h lao ng + V kin thc an ton lao ng: Ngi cng nhn cn lm vng v l thuyt an ton lao ng khi tip xc vi cc loi in p gi khong cch khi thi hnh cng vic(theo l thuyt), Ra dy v ko dy vt ng,vc thang i trn ng... lm sao gi an ton cho ngi tham gia giao thng. + V bo h lao ng: Chp hnh ng qui tc bo h lao ng nh trang phc khi tham gia lao ng nh: Qun o mc mu sm l tt nht, i dp c quay hu cch in tt hoc i giy c cch in...Dng c cc nhn cn chun b nh: Ti ng dng c(loi nhiu ngn v ln), km ct,km vn nng,dy an ton,ng h vn nng,my x l c nhn,dao Krone bn cp,bt th in, t vt, bu long leo ct(t nht 3 cy), dy thu bao, dy nhy...ni chung ngi cng nhn khi i lm cn phi chun b y dng c c nhn chuyn dng ca mnh khi cn n to iu kin thun li x l my cho khch hng mt cch nhanh nht. b. Kin thc giao tip khch hng: - i vi ngi cng nhn khi i sa cha cn lm vng nhng kin thc c bn v k thut cng nh cc dch v m n v mnh ang cung cp v sp cung cp,cc th tc khi khch hng cn cung cp dch v t tip th sao cho ph hp.Kin thc chm sc khch hng, l ngi cng nhn khi chm sc khch hng cn ch v cch n mc, i ng, cnh n ni... to ra s t tin cho bn thn v s hi lng cho khch hng khi ang s dng dch v ca n v mnh v sp ti s s dng dch v ca n v mnh, cn phi bit mi c nhn ca ngi cng nhn l mt knh bn hng, l mt - knh giao tip khch hng, c bit l trong cc dp l, tt cn phi c nhng li cho v chc cho khch hng... to ra mi tin cy
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gia nh cung cp dch v v ngi s sng dch v ca n v mnh. c. Tm hiu v tham gia cng tc cng vic ca ngi cng nhn cp & ng dy thu bao: Nh gii thiu phn I. Ngi cng nhn( CN) khi i x l my cn phi mang theo cc dng c cc nhn m cn phi lm quen vi cng vic ca ngi cng nhn khi nhn c mt thng tin (phiu bo hng) ca khch hng theo cc qui trnh c bn sau a/ Tip nhn phiu bo hng. b/ Dng my in thoi nghip v gi (Test ) th . Thng qua bo hiu hi m chung ( bo hiu ng dy) m xc nh tnh trng h hng ca my hoc ng dy. c my tnh trng bo hiu h hng c bn sau: Hi chung ( a s l t dy tc khng thng mch), chp dy, chp t, hng my... Ngi cng nhn cn c vo m phn Pan x l sao cho nhanh nht. Khi gi th xong ngi CN cn tin hnh cc bc tun t sau: c/ Qu trnh x l my bo hng c thc hin nh lu trn hnh v. V d: Khi nhn my bo hng th ngi CN tin hnh kim tra ti MDF nu: - Ti MDF v i hng th tin hnh sa cha v kt thc qu trnh sa cha( vi iu kin phi lin lc vi khch hng tt). - Nu khng hng th tin hnh kim tra cp mng( Cp chnh, nhnh, cp thu bao), nu hng th tin hnh sa cha kt thc qu trnh sa cha. - Nu khng hng th tin hnh kim tra dy thu bao, nu hng th tin hnh sa cha kt thc qu trnh sa cha. - Nu khng hng tin hnh kim tra thit b u cui v sa cha u cui (Nu c th). Kt thc qu trnh x l. d/ Thc t v cng tc x l my cho khch hng: - mc: C l qui trnh x l 1 my in thoi bo hng. Nhng trong thc t th ngi CN cn phi lm vng mng cp a ra c d on v phn on c im ca tng thu bao (TB) m cn kim tra on no v b qua on no a n hiu qu x l TB cho khch hng mt cch nhanh nht. V d: 01 TB bo hng nhng c kt cui trn 1 tuyn cp tt th ta nn b qua cng vic th cp m tin hnh th dy hoc my ca khch hng. ngc li nu nh thu bao c kt cui trn tuyn cp su th ta nn kim tra cp trc khi tin hnh kim tra dy v thit b u cui. - Trong thc t thi tit ti tnh Kon tum c 2 ma ( ma nng v ma ma) nn cng tc sa cha cng cn phi p dng theo ma. V d: Vo ma kh th dy t b hng hn ma ma nn ngi CN cn phi a ra d on c tnh dy ca tng nh TB m sa cha. Chng hn nh TB A dy c di khng, c i qua nhiu cy ci khng hoc chng ngi vt gy ra lm hng dy, dy c nhiu mi ni khng...Cc cu hi tnh
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hung lun phi t ra trong u ngi cng nhn a ra d on sao cho chnh xc nht.Vo ma ma th cc mi ni rp hay b h hng do OXy ho gy nn, hoc rng,xt thng xuyn xy ra th ngi CN c th b qua qui trnh th cp m c th n trc tip nh TB kim tra hoc x l ng dy trc. y chnh l c im khc so vi l thuyt m iu ny ch p dng cho tng vng, min, a phng mang tnh c th v thi tit. Mang ngoai vi la mot trong ba thanh phan chnh la: He thong mang chuyen mach, he thong mang truyen dan, he thong mang ngoai vi. Ba he thong nay cau thanh mang vien thong cua tong cong ty Bu chnh - Vien thong Viet nam.Hien nay, Mang ngoai vi la phan cua mang li vien thong chu yeu nam ben ngoai nha tram vien thong, bao gom tat ca cac loai he thong: Cap thong tin si ong, si quang c lap at theo cac phng thc treo, chon trc tiep, i ngam trong cong be, tha song, tha bien. Cac day tran, cac day cap va cac day cach ien c s dung lam day dan. Cac cot, cac thanh xa, cac vat va phan cng c s dung lam cong cap, ho cap c dung e bao ve cac loai cap hien co ttren mang li. Ke ca nhng phng tien ho tr va bao ve cua chung c goi la thiet b ngoai vi, nh sau: . Mang cap ong thue bao: Mang cap ong thue bao la he thong cap thong tin si ong ket noi t nut chuyen mach (iem truy nhap) en nha thue bao. Mang bao gom cac thanh phan nh MDF, mang xong cap, phien noi day, tu cap, hop cap, cap vao nha thue bao va he thong cong be.

III. Tm hiu v mng ngoi vi v thit b u cui

IEM TRUY NHAP

Tng i
(ExchangEr)

Ham cap Hop cap

Tu cap

Mang xong

http://lib4u.net MDF

Cap chnh day thue bao

Cap phu

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Hnh 2.1 : ong thue bao.

Cau truc n gian mang cap

* Dan phoi tuyen: MDF (Main Distribution Frame ) la ni tap trung tat ca cac ket cuoi au day cua cac cap trong mang. MDF thng c at gan tong ai va la ni xuat phat cua tat ca cac cap cho mang thue bao va cap lien tram ien thoai. MDF la ni tao s mem deo trong s au noi so thiet b thue bao vi tong ai va cung la ni kiem tra, o th mang cap. * Ham, be cap nhap ai thng c xay dng ngay di MDF tao s thuan li khi keo cap mi vao tong ai. Ham cap nay cung la ni thc hien cac moi noi cap ngam (noi cap hoac noi re) tao nen s mem deo. Thng hai ham cap cach nhau toi a la 50 en 70 met thong thng la 50 met/1 ham,be. * Cap chnh: La ni cap xuat phat t MDF en tu cap ln va cung co the cap chnh i thang t MDF en hop cap cuoi cung (tap iem) e en nha thue bao (oi vi cac mang nho). Tren ng i chnh co the re en cac tu cap. * Tu cap: La ni tap trung cac ket cuoi cua mot hay nhieu si cap chnh t MDF en va cung la ni tap trung cac cap phoi cua cac tap iem ve. Tu cap co the la ni o th xac nh h hong, sa cha nhanh va linh hoat trong khi khu vc cha co d bao nhu cau. Dung lng tu cap thng la, 200,300, 400 600 ,1200 oi/ Tu

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* Cap phoi: la cap xuat phat t tu cap en tap iem. * Tap iem (tu cap) la ni ket cuoi cua mot tuyen cap t tong ai i, la iem noi re tng oi day en nha thue bao. Tap iem co dung lng thng la100 oi 50 oi en 10 oi. * ng day thue bao: la day noi t tap iem en cac thiet b au cuoi cua nha thue bao. ng day thue bao gom day i ngoai tri, va day i trong nha. ng day thue bao thng nho hn 300 met tnh t hop cap cuoi en nha thue bao. So cap goc , cong be , va cot cap tai cac tram nh sau: So lieu ve mang ngoai vi en 31/ 12 /2006: , Mang cap thue bao: a, mang cap chnh , 36.078 oi cap goc , chieu dai 57,180 Km * Hieu suat s dung la 81.14% b, Mang cap phoi 38.410 oi /549.967 met * Hieu suat s dung la 76.21%, c, He thong cong be: Tong chieu dai cua he thong cap ngam la 40. 233 met/ 1040 be cap cac loai, * Ong cong cap la loai ong nha PVC phi 110/ 114 dai 6 met/ ong, d, He thong ng cot treo cap , tong so cot la 5037 cot cac loai t 6,5 7 met tong so cap nhanh 50 oi den 20 oi la 200, 215 km,

1.Thit b ngoi vi
. Day dan:
Khi mot cuoc am thoai hoac mot tin bao gi FAX (Facimile) c thc hien hoan chnh qua mot mach thoai, cac may ien thoai hay FAX tai hai au c ket noi vi nhau nh cac day kim loai sao cho dong ien mang cac tn hieu thong tin co the lu thong gia chung. Cac phng tien nay nh cac
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ng day cap ong thue bao va cac ng day cap quang thue bao nh: (cap nhap ai, cap cap phoi, ng day thue bao) ong vai tro cac vat dan ien.

. ng day tren khong:

Cac day cap ong, day cap quang va cac day cach ien c s dung lam day dan. Cac cay cot, kep moc cap cac day va phan cng c s dung lam cac phng tien va cac phu kien khac luon chu cac anh hng rat ln ve moi mat. Mac du ng day truyen dan tren khong co nhng nhc iem c ban la anh hng cua moi trng t nhien va nhan tao, no van s dung mot cach rong rai, no chiem khoang 95% tnh Kon tum v cong trnh tren khong thng rat kinh te so vi cac cong trnh ngam. Tuy nhien oi vi cong trnh tren khong can phai co u o an toan va chac chan e chong lai nhng ieu kien khac nghiet do thien nhien tac ong vao. ng day ngam: ng day ngam thng la s dung oi vi cac cap c chon sau di long at chong c nhng s pha hoai cua thien nhien va nhan tao. Chung c at trong mot ng cong. oi vi ng day ngam th chi ph at gap 3 lan so vi ng day treo nen thng c at gan ni nhap ai va cac khu vc co ong ngi qua lai. Do can phai at ong cap phan tan ng day thue bao trong cac vung thanh pho ln v cac ieu kien moi trng, cho nen ng day ngam gan ay tang len.

He thong bao ve:

He thong bao ve bao gom ham (be) ho, cong cap, cot be tong va cac vat lieu cap, tu cap, tap iem, cac trang thiet b chong set cho cap ong, cap quang va cac thiet b khac tren mang vien thong.
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. Ham cap, be cap

* Ham cap: Ham cap thng at di MDF co dien tch mat san bang mat san cua MDF va o sau toi thieu la 2,2 met, phai bao am o thong thoang kh, chieu sang, thoat nc, chong tham, nen ham co o doc e nc don ve ho tu nc thuan li cho viec bm nc ra ngoai khi can thiet. * Be cap: Be cap nam di at xay bang gach hoac be tong, c at tren cac tuyen cap ngam s dung cho luc thi cong cap i qua, co the la ni cha cac cap d tr khi can thiet, ni re nhanh cap i cac hng. Khoang cach gia 2 be cap t 50 met - 70 met. Phai co bien phap be cap c kho rao.

. Ong dan cap

Ong dan cap bao ve cho cap va thuan tien m rong dung lng cap tren cac tuyen khi co nhu cau. Tuy theo d bao, trong khi quy hoach phan vung th so lng ong cap c lap at hp ly. Ong cap thng lam bang vat lieu cng nh nha PVC 110/114, ong thep, t b an mon do hoa chat va moi trng. o chon sau cua ong cap lp tren cung nh sau: - oi vi ong at di he ng : 500 mm - oi vi ong at di long ng: 700 mm. oi vi loai ng nha co Module an hoi > 1.800 Kg/cm2 hay ng quoc lo th o chon sau cua ong t mat ng nha en ong tren cung la 1,2 met. . Tu cap, hop cap (tap iem), hop au cuoi quang (ODF) va vat lieu au noi cap: * Tu cap: Tu cap co vo nha Polycarbonate chu ng nhiet o 0 - 1000C, o am 95% tai 250C, chu c cac tac ong c hoc len moi pha cua tu, bao ve tranh s xam nhap cua sau bo, con trung. Tu cap thng lap at cac nga ba, nga t,... ng

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pho khi co cap i qua e de dang re nhanh i hng khac. * Hop cap (tap iem): Vo hop kn, thanh hop va cac lo vao, ra cap co vong em cao su chong s xam nhap con trung, than nha cng chu c cac tac ong c hoc, thi tiet, kh hau, moi trng ben ngoai tac ong len, co khoa tranh s pha hoai cua con ngi. Hop cap (tap iem) thng c treo tren cot neu s dung cho mang cap phoi, tren tng vao nha dan neu s dung cap thue bao cho khu vc cum dan c (nha cao tang, chung c). * Vat lieu au noi cap: - Khung au day hay khung nh v. - Phien au cap thng s dung phien Krone loai 10x2. - Day nhay. - Ch tieu cua cac Module ket cuoi cap (phien au day): + Tr khang cach ien 5x104 M. + o ben ien moi 2 Krms. + o ben oi vi ien ap xung. + ien dung gia cac oi day < 1pF. + S suy giam xuyen am tai cac tan so: T 300 Hz 3400Hz < 110 dB T 3,4KHz 10 KHz < 100 dB T 10 KHz 1,2 MHz < 60 dB + S suy giam ben trong < 0,1 dB + Dong tai (oi vi xung 8/20 s) + Phien Connection < 10KA + Phien Disconnection < 5KA. * Hop au cuoi quang ODF (Opical Distribution Frame): ODF co kch thc hop phai am bao o uon cong si quang (R 50mm), thuan tien cho thi cong lap at thao tac de dang. Thng c gan tren tng
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trong nha thiet b tranh c cac va cham ben ngoai tac ong. * Vat lieu trang b theo hop, tu cap: + Coc tiep at: Thng s dung coc ong tron dai 1m hay thep V50x50x5x2450 mm mot au vat nhon e ong xuong mot au han vi day ong 4 ly c noi vao cac thanh phan bang kim loai cua tu cap, hop cap, Block (inox) phien au cap, co nh trong hop, tu cap va phai thoa cac yeu cau sau: + u sc chong lai s an mon kim loai. + u o cng ve c hoc e ong c sau di long at cng. + Co ien tr nho khi lap at ngam di at.

. Moi noi cap day dan ong:

* Moi noi day dan: (Connector ) la iem noi day thue bao va day ruot cap co hnh dang nh hat nut ao, hay mot ong nha ben trong co iem noi hnh rang ca va c bm ay chat keo chong am. Cac moi noi nay ch s dung c mot lan. * Moi noi vo cap (mang xong): La ni che kn moi noi cua ca mot si cap tranh nc ma, cac anh hng khac cua moi trng. Moi noi cung la ni e phan nhanh cap i cac hng khac nhau. Moi noi co rat nhieu loai ang c s dung tren mang li hien nay nh: moi noi UC, mang xong co nhiet, mang xong con heo dau, hop noi PSI... tuy theo yeu cau s dung va dung lng cua cap ma s dung ung kch c cua mang xong. Thng co cac loai mang xong 50x2, 100x2, 200x2, 300 x 2, 400x2, 600 x2.

. Moi noi cap :

* Moi noi trong ham cap, ranh cap, moi noi cap chon trc tiep va moi noi cap treo:

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- Phai phu hp lap at trong ham cap, di at, treo tren cot c che tao chong an mon, tac hai axt, dau va o nhiem, phai chac ve c kh, chu c lc cang, lc nen, uon cong va lc xoan, phai bao am kn nc, ngan c thanh phan Jelly t cap tham thau vao. Tuy theo s dung ma lap at tren mang cho phu hp.

. Cot va cac vat lieu trang b theo cot:

* Cot treo cap, hop cap: Cot treo cap co the la hnh non, hnh tru co the rong chu ng c tai trong cua nhieu si cap treo tren o. Cot treo cap co the s dung rieng cot bu ien hay i chung ng cot co san cua nganh ien lc. Cot treo cap c s dung theo tieu chuan lap at, tuy thuoc vao a hnh, v tr giao thong, khu dan c (hien nay pho bien 02 loai cot la 6,5 met va 7 met). * Vat lieu trang b theo cot: + Day co: s dung cho ket cuoi tuyen, cot goc cot le xuong doc trng hp a hnh khong the s dung day co c th ta thay bang cot chong. + Chan chong cot : Chan chong phai bang thep chong r. Trang b cho ket cuoi hay cot goc trng hp khong trang b c day co. + Cac loai Bu long, moc, kep cap s dung khi thi cong va co nh cap. . Cot moc be tong: c trang b cho cac tuyen cap chon trc tiep di long at. Cot moc la cac v tr ch nh cho tuyen cap nam ben di chung, thng cach nhau gia 2 coc la 50 met en 100 met.

2.Thit b u cui
Nhng thiet b au cuoi noi vao mang thong can phai co nhng ac tnh sau: vien

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Bang tan la 300 3.400 Hz. Co kha nang khep kn ng ien mot chieu (DC) e lam bao hieu ng day. Hien nay ng day noi hat cha phu hp vi tn hieu so. Rieng he thong telex co the noi vao ng day noi hat va chap nhan tn hieu so c truyen toc o thap. Nguon tong ai cung cap -48V en -50V tren ng day noi hat e trc het tao mach vong DC phuc vu thiet lap cuoc goi va cung cap nguon cho micro. Nhng no cung nguon cap cho cac vi mach t tieu hao cong suat trong cac thiet bi au cuoi, han che ien tr ng day khong qua 1.250 .
Mng in thoi

Trong dang n gian nhat, may ien thoai phai gom cac bo kien toi thieu e: + Nghe va noi, thng lap trong to hp (micro than va ong nghe), + Bao cho tong ai biet khi can thiet lap mot cuoc goi, + Gi a ch can goi, (a quay so, ban phm a tan), bao cuoc goi en (chuong) + Bao cho tong ai biet a nhan c cuoc goi, Nguon chuong thng la 17Hz 25 Hz c cap t tong ai, mot so thiet b dung am thanh trong mot loa nho va cac am ieu khac nhau e phan biet khi lap nhieu may trong v tr chat hep. Tn hieu a ch c the hien bang chuoi xung chap nha mach DC, chap 33+1/3 ms, nha 66+2/3ms, toc o 10 xung/s, toc o nay b han che do bo chon c ien, khong phai do ng truyen. Khi dung phm an thay cho a quay so phat xung se nhanh hn va thuan tien hn. Phm an se lu gi xung va tao ra qua trnh chap nha theo toc o nh a quay so, hoac bien oi thanh tn hieu am thanh, goi la DTMF,
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dung 7 tan so tao thanh 12 cap tan so ai dien cho 10 ch so va 2 ky hieu; sau ay la bang ch so va DTMF tng ng: Ch so va ky kieu 1 697 2 697 3 697 4 770 5 770 6 770 7 852 8 852 9 852 0 941 * 941 # 941 Tan so (Hz) 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1336 1209 1477

Hau het cac may ien thoai hien nay eu co ca hai tnh nang phat xung chap nha va phat DTMF. Cac tong ai ien t co the cung cap dch vu sau ay cho khach hang : + Bao cc khi ket thuc cuoc goi, + Bao chuong theo thi gian do khach hang at, + Chuyen cuoc goi cho may khac, + Chan mot so loai cuoc goi i (ng dai , Quoc te v.v.. ), + Bao co cuoc goi (khi thue bao ang ban noi chuyen), + Goi tay ba,chuen cuoc goi; + Cac dch vu khac. . Telex : Telex co the truyen a ky t qua mang chuyen mach cong cong va au thu nhan c cac ky t co dang ch anh may. He thong nay phat trien t may teletip c ien. Toc o truyen teletip (cao nhat la 50 baud) phu thuoc vao toc o hoat ong cua may va ngi thao tac.

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Vi s phat trien cua may in toc o cao va mach lu tr tn hieu nhan c, toc o telex c nang len en 300 baud. Toc o cao cho phep s dung ch cai quoc te 7 bit. . Faxcimile (FAX): Telex cung cap mot cong cu thoa man viec truyen ch anh may, nhng khong cung cap mot ban sao thc s cua t lieu. Do vay no cung khong truyen ky hieu viet tay va hnh ve. Fax cung cap mot ban sao chnh xac do o s dung rong rai hn telex. Thiet b c ket noi vao ng day cua mang ien thoai cong cong PSTN theo khuyen ngh CCITT cho nhom 1, 2, va 3. Nhom 4 co the truyen tren cac toc o cao, 64 kbit/s nhng ch thch hp vi ng day truyen rieng. Truyen tren mang ISDN hoac LAN, tieu chuan nhom 4 co toc o rat cao, vi t lieu tren mot kho giay A4 ch mat t 2 en 4 giay. Hien nay Fax nhom 1 a loai bo, nhom 2 ang loai bo dan. Nhom 3 co toc o nhanh (mot phan do bo qua khoang trang), co chat lng tot va tn hieu so cho nen co the giao tiep vi cac thiet b so khac, hoac vi ISDN thong qua modem. . So lieu may tnh : Truyen thong gia cac may tnh co the bang cap, bang cap quang, bang vo tuyen cao tan trc tiep gia hai tram, hoac ve tinh. So lieu ben trong may tnh hoac gia may tnh vi cac thiet b ngoai vi thng trao oi theo dang song song. Th du 8 bit so lieu hnh thanh mot ky t, c truyen ong thi tren 8 day trong cap t may tnh en may in. Mot he thong ma hoa se chuyen cac ky t so thanh dang nh phan ma may tnh can. Phan tren ay ch e cap ve cac thiet b hoat ong tren cac ng day noi hat hien co vi cac ng ket noi analog trong mang chuyen mach cong cong (PSN). S m rong mang ISDN tren mang cong cong se dan en thay the toan bo thiet b au
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cuoi analog bang thiet b digital, ong thi oi hoi thay oi ket noi gia thiet b au cuoi vi iem chuyen mach cong cong. ieu nay co ngha la tieng noi se so hoa ngay t may ien thoai va tat ca cac thiet b au cuoi digital (telex, vidiotext, facsimile) eu lam viec thang vi PSN khong can qua modem, v cac tn hieu tren ng truyen eu la igital. . Mang x.DSL : (x. Digital Subcriber Line ) Hien nay mang x.DSL s dung cha c rong rai thng chu yeu cho cac nha kinh doanh Chat, Internet, Game,... nen so lng thue bao con t oi nam rai rac tren mang. V vay cha cau thanh he thong mang ma ch i cung cap ong thue bao co u tieu chuan ky thuat cho phep c ly t tong ai en thiet bi au cuoi toi a la 4.000 met .

A. My in thoi GPhone
GPhone l in thoi c nh khng dy do VNPT cung cp. y l in thoi c cung cp ti cc khu vc c vng ph sng ca mng di ng Vinaphone trn h tng GSM. u im ca GPhone l cht lng sng n nh, gi cc bng vi cc in thoi c nh ca VNPT. My in thoi di chuyn c trong phm vi quanh khu vc khch hng ng k s dng. Dng GPhone, khch hng s dng c cc dch v: thoi, cc dch v cng thm nh: hin s gi i, chuyn tip cuc gi, ch cuc gi, gi cuc gi. c bit, GPhone nhn tin c n: Vinaphone, Mobifone, Cityphone, in * Cch lp t my Gphone 1.ng nghe : Ni ng nghe vi my in thoi bng dy in thoi 2. Anten : Lp anten vo u ni anten ANT. Gi phn bng nha ca anten v xoay quanh inh c kim loi theo chiu kim ng h c nh anten. Khng nn xoay anten mt cch trc tip.
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3. B i ngun Cm dy ca b i ngun ngoi vo l cm mt sau ca my v cm b i ngun vo ngun AC. Tip t tt s m bo tin cy ca my. 4.Cp ngun C 2 phng php cp ngun : - Cp ngun bng ngun ngoi. - Cp ngun bng pin sc in. Thng thng, ngh s dng ngun in bn ngoi. Khi mt in hoc khng c ngun gn th bn c th s dng pin sc in. Khi kt ni vi ngun in bn ngoi v bt cng tc BATT sang I, in thoi c th t ng kim tra dung lng in nng ca pin v sc in nu cn. Trong trng hp ny th b i ngun s b nng, y l trng thi bnh thng. Chuyn ngun in. Chuyn cng tc BATT pha sau my in thoi ZTE WP626 thnh I cp ngun bng pin, v thnh O tt ngun cp bng pin. 1. Bt my: Khi ang tt my, bp v gi phm EXIT mn hnh LCD s sng ln km theo mt m thanh. in thoi s kim tra th SIM c lp vo hay cha. Sau theo cc thng bo gi trn mn hnh. Nhp PIN --- Nu t PIN th nhp vo m PIN ca th SIM. Nhp m kho --- Nu t m kho th nhp vo m kho ca in thoi. Tim kim --- Tm kim mng ph hp c kt ni. 2. Tt my: Khi ang bt my, n v gi EXIT, mn hnh LCD s tt km theo mt m thanh. Bt cng tt BATT pha sau in thoi thnh O tt ngun cung cp bi pin, hoc tho pin nu khng s dng my trong thi gian di.

Lp th sim:
1. Th SIM: Trc khi s dng, hy lp th SIM hp l vo my. Khng nn tip xc vi b mt kim loi ca th SIM, nu khng d liu lu trong th SIM c th b h hng hoc mt mt. Gi th SIM cch xa ngun in v t trng. Lu : Hy tt in thoi trc khi tho th SIM. Khi ang kt ni vi ngun in bn ngoi th nghim cm khng c lp hoc tho th SIM. 2. S dng th SIM: + Tt my in thoi, ngt ngun cp ngoi v m np th SIM. + Lp th SIM vo khe cha th. m bo mt tip xc kim loi pha di. V cho gc ct nhn th SIM ng vi khe cha th. ng np c nh ca th SIM c nh th SIM vlp v vo.
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Ch : Nu bn vn khng th s dng my bnh thng sau khi lp th SIM, xin kim tra lp ng th SIM cha hoc th SIM c hp l hay khng (Tham kho t vn ca nh cung cp dch v mng VNPT). Khng nn m/tt my 3 lin tc, nu khng th SIM c th b hng.) Kt ni vo mng 1. M Pin v m kho in thoi: t m pin (s nhn dng c nhn) v m kho in thoi trnh th SIM v in thoi b s dng tri php. Nhp m Pin ca th SIM v m kho m my, v bm phm Menu/La chn xc nhn bt u s dng in thoi. Nu nhp vo Pin sai 3 ln lin tc, th SIM s b kho bi mng. 2. Kt ni vi mng: Sau m my v nhp s pin v m kho in thoi, in thoi s t ng tm kim mng ph hp v trng thi ch.

B. ADSL
1.Khi nim : ADSL cung cp mt phng thc truyn d liu vi bng thng rng, tc cao hn nhiu so vi phng thc truy cp qua ng dy in thoi truyn thng theo phng thc quay s (Dial up).Khi truyn bng thng trn ng dy in thoi c tch ra lm 2 phn, 1 phn nh dng cho cc tn hiu nhu Phone,Fax. phn ln cn li dng cho truyn ti tn hiu ADSL. ngha ca cm t "bt i xng" trong ADSL l do lng d liu ti xung v ti ln l khng bng nhau, vi d liu ch yu l ti xung. Trong khi truy cp theo phng thc quay s ch c th cung cp tc ln n 56kbps, mt ng ADSL chun c th t tc ti xung n 8Mbps. Cho n hin nay, vi ADSL 2+ do cc nh cung cp ng truyn Internet ti Vit Nam nh SPT, FPT, Netnam, Viettel,VNPT tc l thuyt ti xung c th t n 24Mbps. Tuy nhin, do c s h tng cn thp, v cng do chnh sch qun l cha tt, vn cn nhiu bt cp trong vn ng truyn Vit Nam. C lc tc truyn ti ca FPT gim xung cn zero hoc ch 5Kb/s. Viettel c nh gi tt hn nhng cng cn nhiu phn nn v tc gi cao im. Truyn khng dy (broadband wireless). Khi WiMAX c chun ha v thit b dng cho WiMAX c sn xut i tr, cng ngh ny hon ton c th thay th c ADSL - c bit l khu vc vng su vng xa, kh trin khai mng cp. Wireless c coi l mng my tnh nhanh nht hin nay vi tc l thuyt c th ln ti 108Mbps, cn thp nht l 54Mbps.

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2.Lp t: Lp t mt Modem Router ADSL Prolink - Cm ngun cho Router v cm u dy ADSL vo cng RJ11 (cng ADSL) ca Router bng cch ni dy in thoi t ngoi vo cm qua b tch tn hiu (dy chung thoi), 1 u ra tn hiu ADSL cm vo cng RJ11 ca modem, 1 u ra cn li cm vo my in thoi. - Gn dy USB t Router ni vo cng USB ca my tnh

Lp t Modem Router ADSL Prolink qua cng RJ 45 cho 1 my tnh - Cm ngun cho Router v cm u dy ADSL vo cng RJ11 (cng ADSL) ca Router bng cch ni dy in thoi t ngoi vo cm qua b tch tn hiu (dy chung thoi), 1 u ra tn hiu ADSL cm vo cng RJ11 ca modem, 1 u ra cn li cm vo my in thoi. - Ni dy mng (straight-through ethernet cable RJ45) t cng RJ45 ca Router n cng RJ45 card mng ca my tnh (xem hnh ).

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Lp t Modem Router ADSL Prolink cho nhiu my dng chung Internet trong mng LAN: - Cm ngun cho Router v cm u dy ADSL vo cng RJ11 (cng ADSL) ca Router bng cch ni dy in thoi t ngoi vo cm qua b tch tn hiu (dy chung thoi), 1 u ra tn hiu ADSL cm vo cng RJ11 ca modem, 1 u ra cn li cm vo my in thoi. - Ni dy mng (cable RJ45) t cng RJ45 ca Router n cng RJ45 Hub/Switch.

Cu hnh Modem Router ADSL Prolink:

Bc 1: t a CD-ROM driver vo CD-ROM, chy tp tin autorun, hoc chy tp tin setup.exe; xut hin mn hnh yu cu bn chn ngn ng. Bc 2: Chn Continue

Bc 3: Chn Quick Install ci t Roter qua cng USB hoc qua cng Ethernet (xem hnh). Ty thuc vo cch lp t Router qua cng USB hay Ethernet (xem phn lp t ca modem).

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Bc 4: Nhp tn sa dng v mt khu

Bc 5: Theo cc bc tip tc hon tt qu trnh ci t.

Bc 6: vo cu hnh Router bn nhn vo nt Continue vo qu trnh cu hnh hoc m Internet Explorer v g a ch http://10.0.0.2 Bc 7: Nhp UserName v password (mc nh User name: admin; Password: password)

Bc 8: Cu hnh chung dng Internet - Nhp vo menu Configuration, chn WAN : Slect Adapter: PVC0, nhn nt Submit, in cc thng s sau: - VPI: 0 - VCI: 35 - Encapsulation: PPPoE LLC - Username: Tn truy nhp ADSL m bn ng k vi nh cung cp - Password: Mt khu kt ni ADSL m bn ng k vi nh cung cp . - Authentication: Chn Auto - Automatic Reconnect: nh du tch. Bc 9: Nhp vo nt Submit Bc 10: Nhp vo nt Save Configuration, chn Save & Reboot.

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Ch khong 1 pht Router ghi li cu hnh Bc 11: Kim tra kt ni Internet: Vo mc Status, chn WAN/LAN .Nu thy trng thi ca WAN c a ch IP (v d: 222.252.36.159) v trng thi ca PPP thng bo Connected th modem kt ni vo Internet, nu l khng thy c a ch IP ca WAN v trng thi PPP thng bo Not Connected cn kim tra li cc thng s (Bc 8). Bc 12: Cu hnh a ch IP gateway cho mng LAN: Cu hnh mc nh a ch IP gateway l 10.0.0.2/255.255.255.0 Nu thay i IP ti Configuration bn nhp vo LAN .Thay i a ch IP theo mun, nu bn mun Router lm server DHCP th chn Enabled Bc 13: Nhp vo nt Submit tip theo nhp vo nt Save Configuration ghi li cu hnh. Bc 14: t li mt khu vo modem Router: Trong mc Admin Privilege nhn vo Admin Password (xem hnh), nhp password mi v nhp li password mt ln na ti Retype Password tip theo nhp vo nt Submit ghi li s thay i mt khu. Bc 15: Cu hnh cc my con s dng chung Internet qua Router: Gi s c mng Lan vi a ch IP lp A nh sau 10.0.0.010.0.0.254/255.255.255.0 nh cu hnh kt ni mng theo tng h iu hnh nh sau: Win9x/Me: Control Panel --> Networking --> General --> TCP/IP --> Properties --> Gateway --> New Gateway, nhp a ch IP 10.0.0.2 v chn Add, ti DNS Configuration nhp vo 203.162.0.181 v nhp nt Add sau nhp 203.210.142.132 v Add. WinNT: Bn vo Control Panel --> Network --> Protocol --> General --> TCP/IP --> Properties, ti Default Gateway g a ch IP 10.0.0.2 vo, ti DNS nhp vo nt Add nhp 203.162.0.181 v 203.210.142.132 v nhp nt Add Win2000/XP: Control Panel --> Network Connections --> Local Area Connection --> General --> Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) -->Properties, ti Default gateway nhp a ch IP 10.0.0.2 vo, ti Primary DNS Server g 203.162.0.181, ti Secondary DNS Server g 203.210.142.132 Kim tra a ch Ip ca my con, Ip Gateway v ping n DNS server : Chn StartRun g lnh CMD, xut hin du nhc mi nh lnh : Ipconfig ri Enter s thy cc a ch Ip ca my, gateway, DNS. Sau khi v du nhc mi g tip lnh : ping 203.162.0.181 hoc 203.210.142.132 nu thy Reply from 203.162.0.181 : byte = th kt ni c Internet.
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Bc 16: Cu hnh cc ng dng dng chung Internet - Internet Explorer: Cotrol Panel --> Internet Options --> Connections, chn Never dial a connection. Ch khng dng Proxy. - Yahoo Messenger: chn Preference --> Connection --> No Proxy Bc 17 (tu chn): Khi to li thng s cho modem v cc thng s chun ca nh sn xut: Trong trng hp qun mt khu ca modem Router hoc cu hnh sai, c th khi phc li cu hnh mc nhin ca nh sn xut: Cm ngun cho Router sau dng mt que nh (paper clip dui thng) n nh vo nt Reset ng sau Router sau tt ngun ca Router v bt ngun cho Router li, by gi Router ca bn c Reset v chun ca nh sn xut

C. My Tivi - IPTV
IPTV - Internet Protocol TV - l mng truyn hnh kt hp cht ch vi mng vin thng. Ni rng hn IPTV l dch v gi tr gia tng s dng mng bng rng IP phc v cho nhiu ngi dng (user). Cc user c th thng qua my vi tnh PC hoc my thu hnh ph thng cng vi hp phi ghp set topbox s dng dch v IPTV. IPTV c 2 c im c bn l: da trn nn cng ngh IP v phc v theo nhu cu. Tnh tng tc l u im ca IPTV so vi h thng truyn hnh cp CATV hin nay, v truyn hnh CATV tng t cng nh CATV s u theo phng thc phn chia tn s, nh trc thi gian v qung b n hng (truyn t mt trung tm n cc my tivi thu bao). Mng CATV hin nay ch yu dng cp ng trc hoc lai ghp cp ng trc vi cp quang (HFC) u phi chim dng ti nguyn bng tn rt rng. Hn na k thut ghp ni modem cp hin nay u sn sinh ra tp m. So vi mng truyn hnh s DTV th IPTV c nhiu i mi v dng tn hiu cng nh phng thc truyn b ni dung. Trong khi truyn hnh s thng qua cc
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menu nh trc (thm ch nh trc hng tun, hoc hng thng) cc user la chn, th IPTV c th cao cht lng phc v c tnh tng tc v tnh tc thi. Ngi s dng (user hoc viewer) c th t do la chn chng trnh TV ca mng IP bng rng. Vi ngha ng ca phng tin truyn thng (media) gia server v user. Phng thc pht truyn tn hiu ca IPTV: Ni mt cch gin n, trong h thng IPTV hnh nh video do cc phn cng thu thp theo thi gian thc (real time), thng qua phng thc m ha (nh MPEG 2/4...) to thnh cc lung tn hiu s. Sau , thng qua h thng phn mm, IPTV pht truyn vo mng cp. u cui ca cc user tip nhn, la chn, gii m v khuch i. Trong h thng IPTV c 2 phng thc truyn a tn hiu c d nh trc (scheduled programs). l: - Pht qung b (broadcasting), truyn pht ti mi ni - Pht n a im theo yu cu (on demand). Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qung b, cc chng trnh c v trn hnh 1. Trong MBone (mng xng sng ca h thng a im) chnh l ng trc Internet. Tuy nhin ngi s dng ch theo lnh ca b qun l ni dung (content manager) c gii thiu ni dung chng trnh hu quan. Chng trnh c th do rt nhiu b IPTV server thu thp c hoc cng do cc server ca mng MBone cung cp. h.1 Hnh 2: minh ha s hot ng ca h thng IPTV phc v theo yu cu (VOD) c gi l IPTV n im. Trong cc server ca b qun l ni dung c t chc thnh cm server (server cluster) tng hp kho d liu (database) ca cc chng trnh. Cch b tr cm server phc v c cc user c hiu qu s c ni r trn s tng th di y. Cc bc thc hin VOD nh sau: 1. Mt thu bao c chng nhn nhp mng v chu s qun l ca b qun l EPG
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2. Thu bao mun yu cu mt ni dung no . Thu bao gi yu cu n EGP 3. EGP cho bit a ch ca server cn tm 4. Thu bao gi yu cu ti server . 5. Server da theo yu cu ca thu bao m cung cp ni dung. * Cc dch v trn ITV: - Cung cp cho bn nhng knh truyn hnh c sc trong nc v quc t. Ngoi cc knh truyn hnh theo chun SD (Standard Definition) thng thng, ln u tin ti Vit Nam, MyTV cung cp cc knh truyn hnh c cht lng hnh nh v m thanh tuyt ho theo chun HD (High Definition). S khc bit ln nht gia dch v Truyn hnh ca MyTV so vi cc dch v truyn hnh truyn thng trc y l khch hng c th s dng cc tnh nng:

Kha cc chng trnh c ni dung khng ph hp vi tr em (Parental Lock). Hng dn chng trnh in t (EPG): gip tm kim chng trnh truyn hnh, ly thng tin chi tit v chng trnh theo tng th loi, xem lch pht sng Phim truyn

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Tha thch la chn phim trc tip t th vin phim khng l gm nhiu th loi nh phim hnh ng, hi, tm l x hi, v.v. t kinh in n hin i, thuc cc quc gia khc nhau vo bt c thi im no. c bit hn, MyTV cn mang n cho bn mt s phim theo chun HD vi cht lng hnh nh v m thanh ca mt rp chiu phim ngay ti nh. Khng ch dng li vic xem phim n thun, bn c th xem cc b phim yu thch vi rt nhiu tnh nng u vit nh:

Kha cc phim c ni dung khng ph hp vi tr em. Xem trc ni dung gii thiu ca mi phim Xem li 1 b phim nhiu ln. S dng cc chc nng nh vi u DVD: tua i, tua li, nhy n bt k v tr no ca phim

m nhc

Gip bn tn hng giy pht th thi sau gi lm vic cng thng vi danh sch cc bi ht lin tc c cp nht. Vi dch v Ca nhc ca MyTV, bn c th:

Nghe nhng bi ht yu thch, nhng bi ht mi nht thuc mi th loi Xem cc Video clips ca nhc vi cht lng hnh nh cao

Karaoke
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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

L dch v cho php bn ht Karaoke ngay ti nh vi cht lng m thanh v hnh nh hon ho.

Pht thanh

Bn c th la chn v nghe cc chng trnh pht thanh trong nc, quc t qua h thng MyTV. Gi y bn c th thng thc nhng chuyn mc pht thanh yu thch ca mnh vo bt k thi im no trong ngy.

Game

Bn c th la chn v nghe cc chng trnh pht thanh trong nc, quc t qua h thng MyTV. Gi y bn c th thng thc nhng chuyn mc pht thanh yu thch ca mnh vo bt k thi im no trong ngy. Chia s hnh nh Bn l mt tay sn nh ch thc hay ch n thun mun chia s nhng khonh khc qy gi bn gia nh, bn b vi mi ngi? Hy n vi dch v Chia s nh v video clip ca MyTV. - La chn s dng dch v iTV l cch tt nht tha mn ti a nhu cu gii tr ca gia nh:

Gii tr ch ng trn tivi: o Xem ni dung yu thch bt c lc no o Khng b l thuc vo gi pht sng ca i o p ng theo yu cu

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Th vin trc tuyn Lib4U.net

c truyn hnh, phim, nhc, bo Tin li: o Ngoi truyn hnh thng thng, cn c nhiu chc nng gii tr khc o Khng gian trong nh c v rng ri hn nh c im Tt c trong mt iTV c th thay th cho cc phng tin gii tr khc (u a DVD/CD, bo, a CD/DVD, ) o Khng phi mt thi gian tm kim phim, nhc cc ca hng bng a; hoc mt hng gi tm a ch qua in thoi/internet, o Khng phi tn ph mua/thu bng a cc loi, t mua bo, chi ph i li,
o

Ch cn c iTV l bn c: Truyn hnh cp u a CD/VCD/DVD Kho a cc loi Bo tin tc hng thng Danh b Nhng trang vng

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Phn III: NHN XT & NH GI

a.i chiu,lin h gia l thuyt hc vi thit b thc t ni thc tp: trnh by phn trn ( C s l lun ) b.Cc xut ci tin ca em: Th nht v l thuyt ging dy trng cn cha y v st vi thc t.Th hai vic ging dy nh trng cn nng v l thuyt cha ch trng vo thc hnh. Kin thc m chng em c c sau khi hc xong trng cn nhiu hn ch. Do vy, c nhn em cng xin c gp mt phn kin nh b mong rng cht lng dy v hc trng cao ng Phng ng ni chung v khoa K thut - CNTT ni ring ngy cng c nng cao c th p ng c nhng yu cu v i hi ngy cng cao ca nhng c quan tuyn dng lao ng.V sau y l mt vi xut v kin ca em: + Cn phi nng cao cht lng dy v hc trong nh trng.Hc i i vi thc hnh. Nh trng cn b tr, trang b thm cc thit b cn thit to iu kin cho chng em c th tip cn c vi nhng cng ngh mi. Cn to iu kin chng em c th thc hnh nhiu hn. Lm sao chng em khi tt nghip ra trng khng ch gii v thuyt m cn thnh tho v thc hnh. Cn to iu kin cho chng em c nhiu thi gian v c hi tip cn vi cc n v vin thng chng em c thm kinh nghim
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thc t v nng cao tay ngh cho khi tt nghip ra trng chng em quen v c th p ng c cc yu cu ca c quan, n v tuyn dng. Nh trng cn ch trng nhiu hn vo cht lng dy v hc. Lm sao kin thc chng em t c v c c phn nh ng nng lc ca tng ngi.

Phn IV: KT LUN

Qua thi gian hc tp ti trng Cao ng Phng ng Nng c s gip tn tnh ca cc thy c gio, n nay em kt thc kho hc v hon thnh bn bo co tt nghip ny. Trong bi bo co tt nghip ny chuyn ca em l tm hiu v cp & ng dy thu bao. Tuy nhin, v thi gian c hn v kin thc cn hn ch nn bn co co ca em khng th trnh khi phn thiu st, rt mong c s gp ca cc thy, c v bn b cng lp bn bo co ca em c hon thin hn. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy, c gio v c bit l cc anh, cc ch ti Trung Tm Vin Thng Tin Phc - Tr My trc thuc Vin Thng Qung Nam to iu kin hng dn v gip em trong sut qu trnh thc tp v vit bn bo co ny!

Sinh vin thc hin

Ng Thanh Hng
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NHN XT & NH GI CA C S THC TP

I. Nhn xt: . II. Kt qu im bo co thc tp. .
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XC NHN CA LNH O VIN THNG NI THC TP Ngy.thng ... nm 2010 .

NHN XT & NH GI CA GIO VIN

I. Nhn xt: .. II. Kt qu nh gi XC NHN CA TRNG
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Ngy.thng . nm 2010

MC LC
Li cm n Li m u. Phn I: C s l lun.. I. Cu to v ng dng cc loi cp vin thng. 1. Cp ng... 1.1. Cp ng trc. 1.2 Cp xon i 2. Cp quang... II. Tm hiu cp quang trong thc t......... 1.Cp di nc.. 1.1.Cu trc ca cp ... 1.2.Lp v cp......... 1.3.Thng s k thut.. 2.Cp si quang chn trc tip phi kim loi 2.1Cu trc cp 2.2 c tnh k thut III. Cch ni cp quang... Phn II: C s thc tin....... I. S mng vin thng Bc Tam K II. Tng quan v mng vin thng Qung Nam............ 1.Gii thiu vin thng Qung Nam 2.Kin thc cn trang b cho cng nhn.. 3. Tm hiu v tham gia cng tc cng vic ca ngi cng nhn cp &ng dy thu bao III. Tm hiu v mng ngoi vi v thit b u cui 1. Thit b ngoi vi... 2. Thit b u cui..
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Phn III: Nhn xt & nh gi. Phn IV: Kt lun. Nhn xt & nh gi ca c s thc tp.. Nhn xt & nh gi ca gio vin..

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