Is 18001

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IS 18001 (2007): Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems--Requirements with Guidance for Use (First
Revision). ICS 13.100
IS 18001 : 2007
Clfcl'{il[f -if
cB xif"5C1
( q5MI )
Inc/ianStandard
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - REQUIREMENTS WITH
GUIDANCE FOR USE
S'eptember 2007
( First Revision)
ICS 13.100
BIS 2007
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 RAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Price Group 11
Occupational Safety and Health and Chemical Hazards Sectional COlnmittee, CHD 8
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
Occupational Safety and Health and Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council
Health and safety is one of the most important aspects of an organization's smooth and effective functioning.
Good health and safety performance ensures an accident free industrial environment. With the continuous and
untiring effort of various legislative authorities as well as NGOs, the awareness of occupational health and safety
(OH&S) has improved in India considerably. Organizations have started attaching the same importance to achieve
high OH&S performance as they do to other key aspects of their business activities. Considering this fact and a
great demand from the industry for a comprehensive framework for OH&S, the Committee formulated IS 18001
in the year 2000 taking considerable assistance from BS 8800 : 1996 'Guide to occupational health and safety
management system'; and ASINZS 4804 : 1997 'Occupational health and safety management systems - General
guidance and principles, assessment and supporting techniques'.
There is no ISO Standard on the subject. Based on the experiences gained since last 5 years, and the revision of
I SO 14001 : 1996 'Environmental management systems - Requirement guidance for use' as well as both the
hase standards, the Committee felt to revise the standard to make it more compatible/with latest ISO 14001
keeping in mind the interest of the users for integrating with other management system.
This standard intends to assist the organizations to develop a systematic approach to management ofOH&S in
such a way as to protect their employees and others whose health and safety may be affected by the organizations'
activities. This standard also intends to improve OH&S performance of organizations by providing the requirements
and guidance for use. The OH&S management systems may be integrated with the management of other aspects
of business performance in order to:
a) minimize risk to employees and others,
b) improve business performance, and
c) assist organizations to establish a responsible image at the marketplace.
The requirements of OH&S n1anagement systems have been prescribed iIi this standard. Annex A provides the
guidance for use and correct interpretation. Annex B gives a comparison of requirements of this standard with
those of IS/ISO 9001 : 2000 and ISIISO 14001 : 2004. It is expected that this comparative chart will help the
llsers in understanding the standard in a better way. Identification of hazard and assessment and control of risks
form a major and important part of OH&S management systems. A general guideline describing the principles,
approach and procedure of hazard identification and assessment and control of risks has been given- in Annex C
though the Committee also developed a separate Indian Standard IS 15656 : 2006 'Hazard identification and risk
nnalysis - Code of practice'.
Compliance with this standard by an organization does not confer its immunity from its legal obligations.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex D.
IS 18001 : 2007
Indian Standard
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - REQUIREMENTS WITH
GUIDANCE FOR USE
( First Revision)
I SCOPE
This standard prescrihes requirements for an
occupational health and safety (OH&S) management
-;ystem, to enable an organization to formulate a policy
and objectives, taking into account legislative
requirements and information abollt significant hazards
and which the organization can control and over
which it can he expected to have an intluence, to protect
its employees and others. whose health and safety may
be affected by the activities of the organization. It does
not itself state specific safety performance criteria. This
.'itandard is applicahle to any organization that wishes
to:
a) Implement, maintain and continually improve
an OH&S management system;
b) Assure itself of its confomlance with its stated
OH&S policy;
c) Demonstrate such conformance to others;
d) Seek certification/registration of its OH&S
m'lnagement systems by an external
organization; and
e) Make a self-determination and self-
declLlfation of conformance with standard.
All the requirements in this standard are intended to
he incorporated into any OH&S management system.
The extent of application will depend on such factors
as the OH&S policy of the organization, the nature of
its activities and the conditions in which it operates.
This Indian Standard also provides informative
guidance on the use of the requirements in Annex A.
NOTES
1 for case of use, the sub-clauses of this specification and Annex
A have related numbers; thus. for example, 4.3.3 and A-3.3 hoth
deal with 'Legal and other requirements'.
2 Tlh' guidance has been provided to ensure that managers
who have already invested in learning to opaale within the
framework l)f cither Quality Managemcnt Syqems or
Environmental Management Systems standards can readily
understand the requirements of this standard and thereby
improvt." OH&S management in their organization.
2 REFERENCES
The standards listed below contain provisions, which
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision. and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below:
IS No.
3786: 1983
ISIlSO 14001 :
2004
Title
Method of computation of frequency
and severity rates for industrial injuries
and classification of industrial
accidents (jin;t revision)
Environmental management systems
- Requirements with guidance for
use
IS 14489 : 1998 Code of practice on occupational
safety and health audit
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in
IS/ISO 14001, IS 14489 and the following shall apply.
3.1 Accident - UnpJannedlUndesired event giving rise
to death, ill health, injury, damage or other losses to
personnel or property.
3.2 Audit - A systematic, independent and a documented
process for obtaining evidence and evaluating it
objectively to determine the extent to which defined
criteria are f uHilled.
NOTE - The word 'independent' here docs not necessarily
mean external to the organiz;ltion.
3.3 Continual Improvement - Recurring process of
enhancing the OH&S management system, to achieve
improvements in overall OHS performance
3.4 Hazard - A source or a situation with a potential
to cause harm in terms of human injury or ill health,
damage to property, damage to the environment or a
combination of these.
3.5 Hazard Identification - The process of recognizing
a hazard in existence and defining its characteristic!
impact.
3.6 Incident - Event that give rise to an accident or
IS 1 SOO I : 2007
ha.;; the potential to lead to an accident.
'lUTE - An incident whne no ;11 health, injury, daJll<lge or
!llher loss occurs is also referred to as 'near-miss', The term
'incident' im:ludt:s 'near-misses',
3.7 Interested Party - Individual or group concerned
with or affected by the OH&S performance of an
organization,
3.8 !'ion-conformity - of a requirement
[ISIlSO 9000: 2000,3.6.21
3.9 Occupational III Health - III health that is judged
to hJve been caused by or made worse by a person's
work activity or environment.
3.10 Occupational Health and Safety
System - A set of interrelated or interacting elements
to establish OH&S Policy and objectives, and to
achieve those objectives.
3.1 J Occupational Health and Safety
Objectives -Overall goals in terms of OH&S
performance, arising from the OH&S policy that an
organization sets itself to achieve. and \vhich is
quantified where practicable.
3.12 Occupational Health and Safety Policy -
Overall intentions and direction of an organization in
relation to its overall OH&S performance as formally
expressed hy top management.
:'\OTE - The OH&S Policy provides a frarncv"ork tor ils duillll
for setting its OH&S ohjectives and targets,
3.13 Occupational Health and Safety Professional --
A person, with expertise and qualifications in the
assessment, evaluation and prevention or control of
occupational risks, hazards or occupational ill health,
3.14 Occupational Health and Safety Target-- A
detailed performance requirement quantified \vhcrcver
practicable pertaining to the organization, that arises
from the health and safety objectives and that needs [0
be met in order to achieve those objectives.
.l15 Occupational Health Surveillance-
Monitoring the health of people to detect signs or
symptoms of work related ill health so that steps can
he taken to eliminate, or reduce the probahility of
further deterioration.
3.16 Rehabilitation - The managed process of
maintaining injureu or ill employees in, or returning
them Lo suitable employment.
3.17 Risk - The combination of frequency, or
probability of occurrence and consequence of a
specified hazardous event.
3.18 Risk Analysis - A systematic lise of available
information 10 determine how often specified events
may occur and magnitude of their likely
3.19 Risk Assessment - The overall process of
estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether
the risk is tolerable.
3.20 Safety - State in which the risk of harm to
persons or damage to property is limited to a tolerable
leveL
3.21 Tolerable Risk - Risk that has been reduced to
a level that can be endured by the organization having
regards to its legal obligations and its own OH&S
Policy.
4 OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General Requirements
The organization shall establish, document, implement,
maintain and continually improve an OH&S
management sy:'itcm. in accordancc with the
requirements of this standard. The organization shall
define and document the scope of its OH&S
management system.
4.2 OH&S Policy
Top management shall define, document and endorse
its OH&S policy, The policy shall:
a) be appropriate to the nature. scale and the
hazards and risks of its activities and facilities;
b) includes a commitment to continual
improvement in its OH&S performance;
c) include a commitment to comply with the
applicable OH&S legislations and with other
requirements to which the organizations
suhscribe;
d) be implemented, maintained, communicated
to all employees and understood within the
organization;
c) provide a framework for establishing,
maintaining and periodically reviewing
OH&S ohjectives and targets;
t) be reviewed periodically to ensure that it
remains relevant and appropriate to the
organization; and
g) be available to the public.
4.3 Planning
4.3.11Ilitial OH&S Review
The organization shall carry out an initial review of
their existing arrangements for managing OH&S, The
current position of an organization with regard to
OH&S shall be estahlished by means of an initial
review of its current OH&S arrangements to:
a) Identify the gaps between any existing
systems in place and the requirements of this
standard;
b) Identify all hazards and risks with
the organization's activity and factlities;
c) Assess the level of know ledge and compliance
with all OH&S standards and legislation;
d) Compare current arrangement'i with best
practice and performance in the organization's
employment sector and other appropriate

e) Review past experience with incidents and
results of any previous assessments.
compensation experience, disruption, etc,
associated with OH&S; and
f) Assess efficiency and effectiveness of existing
resources devoted to OH&S management.
The organization shall document this information and
shall plan .the progressive implementation of the
elements of the system based on this information.
4.3.2 Hazard Identification. Risk Assessment and Risk
Control
The organization shall estahlish, implement and
maintain procedures for the ongoing identification of
hazards, assessment of associated risks and necessary
control measures related to its activities and facilities
over which it has control or influence, in order to
determine those which have or can have significant
impact over OH&S. This shall include:
a) Routine and non-routine activities;
b) Activities of all personnel having access to
the workplace (including sub-contractors and
visitors); and
c) Facilities at the work place, whether provided
by the organizations or others.
The organization shall ensure that the results of these
assessments and the effects of these controls are
considered while setting its OH&S objectives. The
organization shall document this information and keep
it uptodate.
4.3.3 Legal and Other Requirements
The organization shall establish, implement and
maintain a procedure(s):
a) to identify and have access to all legal and
other requirements to which the organization
subscribes and that are attributable to the
OH&S hazards and risks of its activities and
facilhies.
b) to determine how these requirements apply
to its OH&S hazards and risks.
The organization shall also keep track oflegal and other
3
IS t 8001 : 2007
requirements as well as the changes to these to maintain
regulatory compliance. It shall ensure communication
of relevant information on legal and other requirements
to its employees at all times.
4.3.4 Objectives, Targets, Performance Indicators and
Programme(s)
maintain documented OH&S objectives and targets at
relevant functions and levels within the organization.
When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an
organization shall consider the legal and other
requirements, its significant hazards and risks, its
technological options and its financial, operational and
husiness requirements and views of the interested
parties. The objectives and targets shall be measurable
where practicable and consistent with the OH&S
policy, including the commitment to health and safety
at workplace, to compliance with applicable legal
requirements and to continual improvement.
Objectives, targets and programme(s) shall be regularly
reviewed at planned intervals and revised, if necessary.
The organization shall establish. implement and
maintain programme(s) for achieving its objectives and
targets. It shall include:
a) Designation of responsibility for achievement
of objectives and targets at relevant functions
and levels of the organization, and
h) Means and timeframe by which they are to
be achieved.
I f a project relates to new developments and new or
modified activities and services, programme(s) shall
be amended appropriately, where relevant, to ensure
that OH&S management applies to Stich projects.
When the objectives and targets are set. the organization
shall consider establishing measurable OH&S
performance indicators. These indicators shall be used
as a basis for an OH&S performance evaluation system
and to provide information on both OH&S
management and operation systems.
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Resources. Roles. Responsibility and Authority
Roles, responsibilities and authorities of the personnel
who manage, perform and verify activities having an
effect on the OH&S risks of the organization's
activities, facilities, processes and services, shall be
defined, documented and communicated to facilitate
effective OH&S management. OH&S responsibilities,
accountabilities and authorities to act and reporting
relationships or all levels of functionaries including
sub-contractors and visitors shall be defined,
documented and communicated.
IS ISOOt: 20U7
Ult!mate responsibility for 01-l&S shall rest with the
top management. The organizatlon shall define,
designate, document and communicate OH&S
and authority to act and reporting
relationships for all levels of functionaries including
suh-contractors and visitors. The organization shall also
estahlish and maintain procedure that monitors and
communicate any changes in designated
resronsibilities and authorities and the organization
shall be able to respond in a timely and effective manner
to ,-'hanging or unusual circumstances or events.
The organization's top management shall appoint at
tht' senior management level specific management
rcpresentative(s), with executive powers, who,
irrc<.;pectivc of other responsihilities, shall have defined
role:-., responsibilities and authority for:
<1) Ensuring Chat OH&S management system
rC(luircments ::Irc establishcd, implemented
and maintained in accordance with this Indian
Standard; and
b) Reponing on the performance of OH&S
management system to top management for
n:vicw anJ a:-,; a for improvemt:nt of the
OH&S management system.
Management shall provide adequate resources essential
to e'itahlish, implement, maintain/control and
i mprovcmcnt of the OH&S management system.
Resources include human resources including
specialized skills, organizational infrastructure,
technology and fillancial resources.
4.4.2 Competenc(', Trailling and Awareness
The organization shall ensure that any person(s)
performing tasks for it or 011 its behalf whose work/
\\iorkplace involves significant hazard, identified by
the organization is(are) c'ompetent on the basis of
appropriate education, training or experience, and shall
retain Jssociateu records. The organization shall also
implement and maintain a procedure(s) to
identify the competency standards and to meet them.
fhe organizJtion shall identify training needs for all
personnel, whose work/workplace involves significant
hazard associated with its OH&S management system.
It shall provide training or take other action to meet
lhese needs, evaluate its effectiveness. and shall retain
associated records.
It shall establish and maintain procedures to make its
or members at each relevant function and
level <l\V3re of:
<I) The importance of conformance with the
OH&S policy and procedures and with
requirements of the OH&S management
system;
4
b) The significant hazards and risks actual or
potential, of their work activities and the
benefits of improved OH&S performance;
c) Their roles and responsibilities \n achieving
conformance with OH&S policy and
procedures and with the requirements of
OH&S management systems; and
d) The potential consequences of departure from
specified operating procedures.
4.4.3 Communication and Reporting
4.4.3.1 Commu.nication
Organization shall establish, implement and maintain
procedure(s) to ensure that pertinent OH&S
information including significant risks and hazards are
communicated and from employees and other
interested parties. The organization shall ensure:
a) Communicating the results from management
systems monitoring, audit and management
reviews to those within the organization who
are responsib1e for and have a stake in the
organization's performance;
b) Receiving, documenting and responding to
relevant communication on OH&S from
external interested and
c) Communicating the relevant information to
people outside organization who are likely to
be affected.
4.4.3.2 Reporting
maintain documented procedures for relevant and
timely reporting of information required for monitoring
and continual improvement of OH&S performance.
Internal reporting procedures shall cover:
a) Incident occurring reporting,
b) Non-conformance reporting,
c) Health and safety performance reporting, and
d) Hazard identification reporting.
External reporting procedures shall cover:
a) Statutory reporting requirements, and
b) Stakeholder reporting,
4.4.4 Documentatioll
The OH&S Management System documentation shall
indude:
a) OH&S Policy, objectives and targets;
b) Description of the scope of the OH&S
management system;
c) Description of the main elements of the
OH&S management systems and their
interaction, and reference to related
documentation;
d) Documents, including records, required hy
this Indian Standard; and
e) Documents. including records, determined by
the organization to ensure the dft.':ctive
implementation of OH&S management
system.
NOTE-- It is important that documented procedures alld \vork
instructions are treated with productivity in mind and with
health & safety matter integrated into each step and the design
and review of such procedures are developed by competent
people together with involvement from 1110',(' required [0
perform the task(s). Such documented procedures and work
instructions are commonly known as systems of work or
standard operation procedure.
4.4.5 Conlml of Documents
maintain a procedure(s) for controlling all documents
required by the OH&S management sysler .. s and hy
this standard:
a) Documents are approved for adequacy prior
to issues;
b) Dm;urnenls are periodically reviewed, revised
as and when necessary and re-approved for
adequacy by authorized personnel;
c) Changes and the current revision status of
documents are identified;
d) The current versions of relevant documents
arc available at all locations;
e) Obsolete documents are promptly removed
from all points of issue and points of LIse, or
otherwise assured against unintended use;
n Any obsolete documents retained for legal
and/or knowledge preservation purposes arc
suitably identified;
g) Documents remain legible, dated (with dates
of revision) and readily identified: and
h) Documents of external origin determined by
the organization to be for the
planning and operation of the OH&S
management systems arc identified and their
distribution controlled.
Records are special type of documents :lI1d shall be
controlled in accordance with the requirement given
In 4.5.4.
4.4.6 Operational Control
The organization shall identify those operations and
activities that arc associated with the identified
significant hazards and risks in line with its policy,
objectives and targets. The organization shall plan these
activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure
that they arc carried out under specified conditions by:
5
IS 18001: 2007
<1) Establishing, implementing and maintaining
documented procedure(s) to control situations
where their ahsence could lead to deviations
from the OH&S policy and the objectives and
targets;
b) StipUlating operating criteria in the
procedures; and
c) Establishing and maintaining procedure(s)
related to the identified significant hazards
and risks of goods and services lIsed by the
organization and communicating relevant
procedures and requirements to suppliers and
sub-contractors.
4.4.6.1 Design and engineering
maintain procedure(s) to ensure that health and safety
is considered at the initial design and planning phase
to build risk controls at this point. To ensure this, each
stage of design cycle (development, review verification.
validation and change) should incorporate hazard
identification, risk assessment and risk control
procedures. Appropriately competent people shall be
allocated clear responsibilities to meet and verify health
and safety requirements. Where the newly evaluated
hazard cannot be eliminated or substituted for one that
presents lower risks, engineering controls shall he
adopted. When the product. process or workplace is
redesigned this experience shall be considered in the
design process.
4.4.6.2 Purchasing
maintain procedure(s) for purchasing of goods and
services including maintenance procedures under
contract to others to ensure that purchased goods,
services, and products and suh-contractors conform to
the organization's OH&S requirements.
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response
maintain procedure(s) for emergency preparedness and
response, to plan for contingency in advance and to
periodically test these plans to allow an adequate
response to occur during the actual emergency. While
planning the proccdure for emcrgency preparedness it
shall consider significant events such as fire, explosion,
toxic release or natural disasters that threaten the
viability of the organization. On-site and off-site
emergency plans and procedures shall be developed
and periodically tested. reviewed and revised, where
necessary by the appropriate authority. Emergency
plans of large installations should be prepared in
consultation with municipal or state disaster planning
authorities.
interaction. and reference to related
documentation:
d) Documents, including records, required hy
this Indian Standard: and
e) Documents, including records, determined hy
the organization to ensure the effective
implementation of OH&S mJTlagemcm
system.
NOTE - It is important that dOl:umcntetl procedures and work
Instrul:tions nrc treated with productivity ill mind and with
health & safety matter integratcu into e ~ K h step and the design
and reviev,: of such procedures are developed hy cUlllpt'tt'nt
people together with involvclllC'Jlt from tho';l' required to
perform the task(s). Such documented proCl'dilfc'; and work
instructions arc commonly known as :iystems of work or
standard operation procedure.
4.4.S Control o/DocUfnenls
The organization shall establish, impJernellt and
maintain a procedure(s) for controlling all documents
required by the OH&S management SYSlcr,-,s and hy
this stalldard:
cl) Documents are approved for adequacy prior
to issues;
b) Documents are periodically reviewed, revised
as and when necessary and fe-approved for
adequacy by authorized personnel;
c) Changes and the current revision status of
documents are identified;
d) The current versions of relevant documents
are available at all locations;
t') Obsolete documents are promptly removed
from all points of issue and points of lise, or
otherwise assured against unintended usc;
n Any obsolete documents retained for legal
and/or knowledge preservation purposes are
suitably identified:
g) Documents remain legible, dated (with dates
of revision) and readily identified; and
Ii) Documents of external origin dekrmined by
the organization to be necessary for the
planning and operation of the OH&S
management systems are identifieu and their
distrihution controlled.
Records Clrc special type of documents :lnd shall bc
controlled in accordance with the requirement given
in 4.5.4.
4.4.6 Operational Control
The organization shall identify those operations and
activities that are associated with the identified
significant hazards and risks in line with its policy,
objectives and targets. The organization shall plan these
,lCtivities, including maintenance, in order to ensure
that they are carried out under specified c(inditions by:
5
IS 18001: 2007
;1) Establishing, implementing and maintaining
documented procedure(s) to control situations
where their absence could lead to deviations
from the OH&S policy and the objectives and
targets;
b) Stipulating operating criteria in the
procedures; and
C) Establishing and maintaining procedure(s)
related to the identified significant hazards
and risks of goods and services lIsed by the
organization and communicating relevant
procedures and requirements to suppliers and
sub-contractors.
4.4.6.1 Design and engineering
maintain procedure(s) to ensure that health and safety
is considered at the initial design and planning phase
to build risk controls at this point. To ensure this, each
"tage of design cycle (development, review verification,
validation and change) should incorporate hazard
identification, risk assessment and risk control
procedures. Appropriately competent people shall be
allocated clear responsibilities to meet and verify health
and safety requirements. Where the newly evaluated
hazard cannot be eliminated or substituted for one that
presents lower risks, engineering controls shall he
adopted. When the product, process or workplace is
redesigned this experience shall be considered in the
design process.
4.4.6.2 Purchasing
maintain procedure(s) for purchasing of goods and
services including maintenance procedures under
contract to others to ensure that purchased goods,
services, and products and suh-contractors conform to
the organization's OH&S requirements.
4.4.7 EmergencJ' Preparedness and Response
maintain procedure( s) for emergency preparedness and
response, to plan for contingency in advance and to
periodically test these plans to allow an adequate
response to occur during the actual emergency. While
planning the procedure for emergency preparedness it
shall consider significant events such as fire, explosion,
toxic release or natural disasters that threaten the
viability of the organization. On-site and off-site
emergency plans and procedures shall be developed
and periodically tested, reviewed and revised, where
necessary by the appropriate authority. Emergency
plans of large installations should be prepared in
consultation with municipal or state disaster planning
authorities.
[S lHOOl: 2007
fhe organization shall also establish and maintain
procedure(s) to mitigate the effects of such incidents
on those directly suffering injury. These procedures
shall include:
a) Establishment of appropriate first aid facilities
that are matched to the site hazards and
availahility of further assistance. Sites remote
from medical assistance shall have first aid
appropriate to stabilize any injury until
transported to such medical assistance; and
/l) Process to rehabilitate injured employees hy
providing appropriate rehabilitation as soon
as practicable after the injury occurs, so that
recovery from the injury is expedited.
4.4.8 Critical Incident Recovery Plan
maintain procedures for Critical Incident Recovery
Plan (CIRP) to aid in-plant employee re,ovcry as soon
as possible after the cessation of the event. Only
suitably qualified counsellors shall be used to assist
victims associated with a traumatic event.
NOTE - The CIRP allows the plant to minimile the time
rcquirrt! to return to normal nperatiufls alllllll a s ~ i S ! elllployees
who are not IIljured but who have, for example, wItnessed an
incident. to cope up with the trauma.
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
maintain procedures to monitor and measure OH&S
performance on a regular basis the key characteristics
of its operations and activities that can have significant
hazards and risks. These procedures shall provide for:
a) both qualitative and quantitative measures,
appropriate to the needs of the organization:
b) monitoring of the extent to which the
organization's OH&S objectives arc met;
c) proactive measures of performance that
monitor compliance with the OH&S
management programme, operational criteria
and applicable legislation and regulatory
requirements:
d) reactive measures of performance to monitor
accidents, i II heal th incl ud ing heal th
surveillance, incidents (including near-
misses) and other historical evidence of
deficient OH&S performance; and
e) recording of data and results of monitoring
and measurements sufficient to facilitate
subsequent corrective and preventive action
analysis.
maintain procedures for the calibration and
6
maintenance of monitoring equipments used for
performance measurement and monitoring. Records
of calibration and maintenance activities and results
shall be retained according to the organization'S
procedure.
4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance
4.5.2.1 The organization shall establish, implement
and maintain a procedure(s) for periodically
evaluating compliance with legal requirements. The
organization shall keep records of results of the
periodic evaluation.
4.5.2.2 The organization shall establish, implement
and maintain a procedure(s) for periodically evaluating
compliance with other requirements to which
organization subscribes. The organization shall keep
records of results of the periodic evaluation.
4.5.3 Accident. Incident. Non-conformance. Corrective
and Preventive Action
The organization shall establish and maintain
procedures for defining responsibility and authority for:
a) The handling and investigation of:
I) Accidents,
2) Incidents, and
3) Non-conformances;
b) Taking action to mitigate any consequences
arising from accidents, incidents or non-
conformance;
c) Initiation and completion of corrective and
preventive action; and
d) Confirmation of the effectiveqess of con-ective
and preventive action taken.
These procedures shall require that all proposed
corrective and preventive actions shall be reviewed
through the risk assessment process prior to
implementation.
Any corrective and preventive action taken to eliminate
the causes of actual and potential non-conformances
shall be appropriate to the magnitude of prnhlcms and
commensurate with the OH&S hazards and risks
encountered.
The organization shall implement and record any
changes in the documented procedures resulting from
corrective and preventive actions taken.
4.5.4 Control of Records
The organization shall establish and maintain records
as necessary to demonstrate conformity to the
requirements of its OH&S management system and of
this International Standard, and the results achieved.
The organization shall establ ish, implement and
maintain a procedure(s) for the identification,
-;torage, protection, retrieval. retention and disposal
of records.
Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable and
traceable.
4.5.5 Internal Audit
The organization shall ensure that internal audits of
the OH&S management system are conducted at
planned intervals to:
a) Determine whether the OH&S management
system,
I) conforms to planned <lrrangements for
OH&S management including the
requirements of this standard,
2) has been properly implemented and is
maintained; and
b) Provide information on the results of audits
to management.
Audit programmes shall be planned, established,
implemented and maintained by the organization,
laking into consideration the OIl&S importance ofthe
operation(s) concerned and the results of previous
audits. Audit procedure(s) shall be established,
implemented and maintained that address:
a) the responsibilities and requirements for
planning and conducting audits, reporting
results and retaining associu(ed records, and
b) the determination of audit criteria, scope,
frequency and methods.
Selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure
ohjectivity and the impartiality of the audit process.
7
IS 18001: 2007
4.6 Management Review
The organization's lOp management shall at intervals,
that it determines, review the OH&S management
system to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and
effectiveness. The management review process shall
ensure that the necessary information is' collected to
allow management to carry out this evaluation. Reviews
shall include assessing opportunities for improvement
and the need for changes to the OH&S management
system, including the OH&S policy, objectives and
targets. Records of the management review shall be
retained. The management review shall consider:
a) Results of internal audits and evaluations of
compliance with legal requirements and with
other requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
b) Communication(s) from external interested
parties, including complaints;
c) The OH&S performance of the organization,
d) Extent to which ohjectives and targets have
been m c t ~
e) Status of corrective and preventive actions,
t) Follow-up actions from previous management
reviews;
g) Changing circumstances, including
developments in legal and other requirements
related to its health and safety; and
h) Recommendations for improvement.
The output from management reviews shall include
any decisions and actions related to possible changes
to OH&S policy, objectives, targets and other elements
of the OH&S management system, consistent with the
commitment to continual improvement.
IS 18001: 2007
ANNEXA
(ForeH'ord, and Clause 1)
GUIDANCE FOR USE OF THE SPECIFICATION
;\-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This Annex gives additional information on the
requirements and is intended to avoid misinterpretation
of the specification. This Annex only addrc __ scs the
OH&S management system requirements contained
1n 4. The introduction of Occupational health and safety
(OH&S) management into the existing overall
management system should be considered within a
general management system model that incorporates
the following principles (see Fig. I):
a) Principle 1 Commitment and Policy - An
urganization should define its OH&S policy
and ensure commitment to its OH&S
management systems.
b) Principle 2 Planning - An organization
should plan to fulfil its OI-l&S policy.
objectives and targets.
e) Principle 3 Implementation and Operation .-
For effective implementation, an organization
shuuld develop the capabilities and support
mechanism necessary to achieve i t ~ OH&S
policy, objectives and targets.
d) Principle 4 Measurement and Em/uatioll -
An organization should measure, monitor and
evaluate its OH&S performance and take
preventive and corrective action.
e) Principle 5 Management Review - An
organization should regularly review and
continually improve its OH&S management
system, with the objective of improving its
OH&S performance.
In carrying out its OH&S commitment, an organization
should aim at:
a) Developing the capability to balance and
resolve conflicts between OH&S and other
organizational objectives and priorities, and
b) Alignment/integration of OH&S into the
overall business management process.
Keeping this in mind, the management system is best
viewed as an organizing framework that should be
continually monitored and periodically reviewed, to
provide effective direction for an organization's OH&S
activities in response to changing internal and external
factors.
As organizations grow in experience, procedures,
programmes and technologies can be put in place to
further improve OH&S performance. As OH&S
management system matures, OH&S considerations
should be integrated into all its business decisions.
Commitment
and Policy
Planning
FIG. 1 ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
8
A-2 OH&8 POLICY
The organization's OH&S policy is a public statement
signed by top management declaring its commitment
and intent to manage its OH&S responsibilities. In
publishing the policy the organization is sending a clear
message that it has a vision for OH&S management
within the whole organization.
The policy should be relevant to the organization's
overall vision and objectives. It should be dynamic and
sct the framework for continual improvement,
especially in decision making. It should set out a
programme of action for the whole organization,
ensuring accountability and linking OI-l&S to the
overall organizational values, objectives and processes.
The policy is implemented through planning.
This policy is intended to clearly tell employees.
customers and interested parties that OH&S
is an integral part of all operations. Management being
actively involved in the review and continual
iIlJprovement of OH&S perfomlance fUl1her reinforces
Ihis commitment.
Evnyonc :ihould he aware of the influence thal their
actions and inaction can have. on the effectiveness of
t he system. They can also participate in the
esrablishment and maintenance of the OH&S controls,
as well as ;lssisting in the planning.
Successful change can be accomplished by effective
leadership in the areas of:
a) Determining the organization's current
position on OIl&S;
b) Resource allocation induding setting budgets,
responsibilities, authority and accountability;
c) Coordinated management planning and
agreed delegations; and
d) Decisions followed through and performance
assessed.
Regular review of OH&S at senior management level
reinforces its importance to the organizatinn's success
in meeting its commercial and legal obligations.
A-2.t The following questions can aid in establishing
ur rewriting an organization's OH&S policy:
a) Integration and Relevance - Is the policy
integral and relevant to the organi7ation's:
I) mission statement, vision, core values
and beliefs;
2) overall management system; and
3) activities, products and services.
b) Accountability - Docs the OH&S policy
address accountability in terms of:
9
IS 18001: 2007
1) capacity to assign/delegate, deliver, and
review the policy's commitments;
2) inclusion of OH&S accountability in all
duty statements (reflecting the degree of
legaJ responsibility);
3) setting of objectives and targets to
minimize incidents, injury, illness and
incidents; and
4) allocation of adequate resources to fulfil
the aims of the policy.
c) Consultation - Does the policy enable
consultation with:
1) employees;
2) line managers;
3) sub-contractors; and
4) suppliers;
A-3 PLANNING
The initial OH&S review (see 4.3.1) of the
organization's position provides a planning framework
for the impJementation of the OH&S management
system. While during initial review all the hazards and
risks are identified, in the process of planning the
significant hazards and risks are recognized.
Objectives, targets and performance indicators are
established and plans are also made to achieve them.
Planning needs to address schedules, resources and
responsibilities for achieving the organization;s OH&S
objectives and targets. Such planning (and resulted
plans) can cover a number of areas. For ex.ample:
a) Plans to manage and control the initial
implementation of an OH&S management
system;
h) Specific OH&S plans required for managing
OH&S risks;
c) Contingency plans required as part of the
organization's emergency preparedness to
meet foreseeable emergencies as well as plans
to mitigate their effects (that is critical incident
recovery, first aid and clean-up);
d) Plans required to meet objectives and targets
in measuring performance, undertaking audits
and reviewing the system; and
e) Response plans for dealing with corrective
action identified as part of the incident
investigation process or following the
identification of non-conformances.
The level and complexity of planning should
commensurate with the size, complexity and nature of
the organization and the risks it has to manage. In
smaller organizations many of these types of plans may
be combined.
IS 18001: 2007
A-3.1 Initial OH&S Review
Every organization will find that it has some elements
of ;)n OH&S management system in place. What is
less common is the linking of these elements into a
coordinated overall system for improvement.
A useful starting point is to critically compare the basic
intent of each element in this standard with
management practices and procedures, vvhich are
currently being used in the organization. Many
organizations have obsolete procedures and need to
compare the requirements of this standard with what
actually occurs in order to obtain a realistic assessment
or the implementation task.
A-3.1.1 Core elements which could be initially focused
on:
a) Clear management responsibility fm OH&S;
b) Identification of all applicahle legal
requirements and their compliance;
c) Hazard identification and risk assessment, and
what is being done about them;
d) Documentation of critical procedures;
c) OH&S inspections of critical procedures and
plant; and
f) Training.
Other elements can be progressively implemented in
accordance with organizational needs and priorities.
A-3.1.2 Some common techniques for initial review
include:
a) Questionnaires,
h) Interviews with employees,
c) Checklists,
d) Direct inspection and measurement,
e) Assessments (internal and external),
f) Review of records, and
g) Comparison with similar organizations.
A-3.1.3 External sources which may be able to help
include:
a) Government agencies in relation to laws and
permits,
b) Local or regional libraries or databases,
c) Other organizations for exchange of
information,
d) Industry associations,
c) Larger customer organizations,
f) Suppliers of equipment, and
g) Professional help.
A-3.1.4 Many organizations do not have a complete
understanding of their legal responsibilities in relation
iO
to the many OH&S statutes. regulations, standards.
codes of practice and guidance documents, which cover
their area of operations.
A-3.1.5 Useful sources of information include:
a) Disease. incident and first aid records kept by
the organization or by industry associations,
governments and the like;
b) Workers compensation experience. Insurance
companies are often ahle to provide feedback
on an organization's claims experience and
the breakdown of the components of the
insurance premium and how these compare
within an industry group; and
c) Other data an organization may hold on
absenteeism, sick leave, industrial disputes
and the like may provide indirect pointers to
i l r e i l ~ of poor OH&S management.
A-3.2 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and
Risk Control
Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control
should be taken into account when plans are formulated
to meet an organization's OH&S policy. All identified
hazards are assessed to determine the level of risk,
which is a measurement of the probability and possible
consequence of injury and illness resulting from
exposure to hazard. The final step involves risk control
where risk is treated to reduce its level (see Fig. 2).
FIG. 2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ASSESSMENT AND
CONTROL Of RISK
A-3.2.1 Hazard Identijlcl1liof1
Tools used to assist in the identification of hazards
include:
a) Consultation - People who may have
experience in aspects of the job that they like
least and may lead to hazardous activities.
h) Inspcctiol1- A physical inspection of the
work environment.
c) Illness and injury records- Records of past
incidents involving injury ;l!1d illness
highlight sources of potential harm.
d) Information/specialist advice- The
identification of some h;lZards will require
specialist advice, research and information.
e) Task analysis- By breaking a task down into
its individual elements hazards associated
with the task can be identified.
/) Formal hazard analysis systems. for example
HAZOPfHAZAN.
NOTE -- IS 37g6 prescribes !!lcttw<.is of computaliun of
frequency and severity rales for inuustrial injuries ilnd
of industrial accidents, This Indian Standard may
Jlso be useful in the process of ilienlificalion i)f hazard,
A-3.2.2 Risk Assessment and Control
In order to carry out risk assessment, the level of risk
is determined first. Establishing the level of a risk
requires clear specification of the actual components
of the risk being considered, for example, the specific
scenario of sequence of events including the nature of
consequences to be considered, the exposure to the
chosen hazard, finally the probability or likelihood of
that scenario taking place. (In doing so the existing
controls are determined when exposure is assessed.)
Any scenario involving particular hazard can lead to
different consequences depending on the sequence of
exposure events. Hence any risk level needs to be
assessed separately for each choscn sequence of events.
To combine the following three components of any
risk in assessing its leveL
a) Choose a specific consequence or outcome
severity for one possible sequence of events
involving the hazard under consideration. Other
possihle sequences with different possible
consequences need to he assessed separately.
The number of persons hamled and the nature
of their injurieslillness affects the estimation of
the consequence or outcome severity;
b) Determine the exposure for the chosen
'icquence, that is how often (frequency): how
long duration of the affected persons exposed
to the particular hazard; and
c) Estimate the probability, likelihood or chance
that the chosen scenario will lead to the
specific consequences being consi(iL'red,
Every scenario that is considered for any
particular hazard has its own specific risk
level. The integrity and effectiveness of any
11
IS 18001: 2007
existing risk control measures will need to be
included in estimating probability.
Elimination/substitution is a permanent solution and
should be attempted in the first instance. The hazard is
either eliminated altogether or substituted by one that
presents a lower risk. This could involve the elimination
of a hazardous process or substance or the substitution
of a toxic substance with a less toxic substance.
NOTE - For the purpost! of idt!lltification of hazard and
and control of risks a guideline has been giwn in
Annex C.
Risk= Consequence x Exposure x Probability
Level The outcome Frequency and Likelihood or
severity duration of chance that
(injurylillness) exposure of the chosen
of one scenario persons to the sequence and
chosen hazard consequence
will occur
Elimination/substitution is a permanent solution and
should be attempted in the first instance. The hazard is
either eliminated altogether or substituted by one that
presents a lower risk. This could involve the elimination
of a hazardous process or substance or the substitution
of a toxic substance with a less toxic substance.
NOTE - For the purpose of identification of hazard and
assessment and control of risks a guideline has been given in
Annex C of this slandard.
A-3.3 Legal and Other Re(IUirements
In maintaining regulatory compliance, an organization
should identify and understand regulatory requirements
applicable to its activities, products or services.
Regulations cover several aspects such as:
a) Those specific to the activity (for example
confined spaces regulations);
b) Those specific to the organization's products
or services;
c) Those specific to the organization'S industry;
d) General OH&S laws; and
c) Authorizations, licences and permits.
Several sources can be used to identify OH&S
regulations and ongoing changes, including:
a) All levels of government;
h) Industry associations or groups;
c) Commercial databases; and
d) Professional services.
To facilitate keeping track of legal requirements, an
organization can establish and maintain a list of all
laws and regulations pertaining to its activities,
products or services and the same should be updated
on a regular basis.
IS IROOl: 2007
A-3.4 Objectives, Targets, Performance Indicators
and Pogramme(s)
Objectives state what is intended to he accomplished
and targets define a performance level timcframc.
Ohjectives should be aimed at broad level
improvements in the OH&S performance and the
targets should be qualified wherever practicahle in the
following terms:
a) Attrihutes - things which are major (handling
injuries and adequately guarded machine);
b) Scale -- against which the altribures can be
measured;
c) Goal - describing what is to he achieved;
and
d \ Time scale - in which it is to be achieved.
Performance indicators are the means by which it is
fllcasured whether expected outcomes meet ohjectives.
There are measures such as rates, ratios or indices
which reflect how well the OH&S management system
or its elements are performing.
Comhining targets and performance indicators
produces objectives that are specific, measurable,
achievable, realistic and time-bound.
For example:
Objective Implement an OH&S management system
T ~ l r g ~ l Full implementation within six month'i
I ndicator Percentage of departmental meeting audit
criteria
(Objective: All business units to fully meet system
audit criteria within six months.)
or
Objective Reduce injuries associated with manual
handling
Target 20 percent reduction from previous year
lndicator Percentage of manual handling injuries
per year
(Ohjective: Reduce the percentage of manual
handling injuries by 20 percent from the
previous year in the next 12 ml)nths.)
When considering their technological options, an
organization may consider the use of the best available
technology where economically viable, cost effective
and judged appropriate. Review of objectives and
targets should be based on past performance and in
consultation with workplace personnel, OH&S
professionals, insurers and other appropriate persons
(ll t:roups. When the objectives and targets arc set, the
12
organization should consider estublishing measurable
OH&S performance indicators. These indicators
should be used as a I?asis for an OH&S performance
evaluation system and to provide information on both
the OH&S management and operation systems.
The creation and lise of one or more programmes is a
key clement to the successful implementation of an
OH&S management system. The programme should
describe how the organization's objectives and targets
will be achieved, including time, skill and personnel
responsible for implementing the organization's OH&S
policy. This programme may be subdivided to address
specific elements of the organization's operations. The
programme should include an OH&S review for new
activities.
The programme may include, where appropriate and
practical, consideration of planning, design,
production, marketing and disposal stages. This may
he undertaken for both current and new activities.
product or services. Por products this may address
design, materials, production processes, use and
ultimate disposal. For new installation or significant
modification of processes this may address planning.
design, construction, commissioning operation and at
the appropriate time as determined by the organization,
de-commissioning.
A-4 Il\1PLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
A-4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority
A-4.Ll In organizing the implementation and effective
management of its OH&S policy an organization
should:
a) Allocate adequate resources commensurate
with its size and nature;
b) Identify the competencies required at all levels
within the organization and organize any
necessary training;
c) Make arrangements for the effective
communication of OH&S information;
d) Make effective arrangements for the
provisions of specialist advice and services;
e) Make effective arrangements for
handicapped, Clged, visitors and foreign
employees and/or special category of
employees; and
f) Make effective arrangements for employee
concentration and active involvement.
A-4.1.2 The resource base, structure, and size of
organizations may impose constraints on
implementation. In order to overcome these constraints
external health and safety resources may need to be
utilized. Such resources might include:
a) Shared technology and experience from larger
client
b) Cooperative approaches to develop industry
specific guidance material and strategic,,;
c) Support from industry and L'Jl1ployec
associations or principal sub-contractors and

d) Assistance from government health and safety
organizations;
c) Use of consultants and the collective
engagement of consullants;
f) Provision of advice and lra;lning from
suppliers;
g) Assistance provided by workers'
compensation insurance agents;
h) Attendance at health and safety seminars; and
j) Manually support from universities
and other research centers.
Organizations should focus on utilizing cooperative
strategies to implement and maintain an effective
OH&S management system.
A4.1.3 Improving health and safety is most effective
when people from all levels of the organization are
encouraged to participate in the development and
implementation of the programme. People are more
likely to embrace change ifit is not imposed upon them.
At all levels of the organizations, people should be:
a) Responsible for the health and safety of those
they manage, themselves and others with
whom they work;
b) Aware of the responsibility for the health and
safety of people who may be affected hy the
activities they control, for example suh-
contractors and puhlic; and
c) Aware of the influence that action or
inaction can have on the effectiveness of the
OH&S management systems.
A-4.1.4 Senior management should demonstrate, their
commitment being actively involved in lhe continual
improvement of OH&S performance. \Vhile ultimate
responsibility for OH&S rests with the employer, [he
following also need to be ensured:
a) A person at the senior management level
should be assigned particular responsihility
for ensuring that the OH&S management
system is implemented and performs to
expectations, in all location:; within the
organizations;
b) To recognize that knowledge <.md experience
throughout the workforce a valuable
resource and it should actIo and
13
IS 18001 : 2007
delegate responsibilities and authorities for the
development and implementation of the
OH&S management system for all key
functional areas; and
c) A defined system of implementing and
communicating any change of responsibility
and authority.
It should be recognized that effective management of
OH&S requires the support and commitment of the
employees, and that the knowledge and experience of
the workforce can be a valuable resource in the
development and operation of the OH&S management
system.
A-4.2 Competence, Training and Awareness
The effective implementation and maintenance of an
OH&S management system is dependent on (he
competencies and training of an organization's people.
A-4.2.2.1 The top management of an organization
should demonstrate its commitment to OH&S through
consultation with and where appropriate, its employees
and other relevant individual(s) or grQups in the
development, implementation, and maintenance of its
OH&S management systems. The objectives and
targets should be understood and supported by the
organization's employees and they should be
encouraged to accept the importance of their
achievements both in terms of the organization's
OH&S performance and the benefits, to the
environment in which they work. Employees should.
be made aware of exposure to possible harm ()r injury
in their work environment including physical,
chemical, ergonomic, radiation, biological and
psychological hazards. They should have an
understanding of these hazards as they relate to their
work environment and be able to recognize and take
action to prevent work practices or activities likely to
leave to incidents.
A-4.2.2.2 OH&S competency standards should be
developed by:
a) Using existing industry competency standard,
b) Examining job or position descriptions,
Analysing work tasks, c)
d) Inspection and audits of hazards identification
and risk analysis, and
t) Reviewing incident reports.
The organization should develop training programme
after the assessment of current capability against the
required competency profile. An organization should
also establish and maintain documented procedures for
evaluation of training provided to its workers and its
effectiveness.
IS tR001: 2007
A -4.2.2.3 Generally a health and safet) i ng
programme should cover hut are not limited to the
fc>llowing aspects:
a) Health and safety policy of the organization.
h) Way in which health and safety is urganized
in the workplace.
C) Health and safety procedures il1 the
()rgani7ation,
d) Specific hazards and risk controls,
c \ OH&S legislation. and
f) Emergency procedures.
A-4.2.2.4 A training programme may need to address
a Ilumncr of target groups including:
a) Senior management;
h) Line
c} Employees;
d) Those with specific (first aid,
fire. elected health and safety representatives);
Sub-contractors;
n Operators who require certificates under
legislation; and
g) Site visitors.
A-4.2.2.S Training records should normally include:
a) Information about those who have heen
trained.
b) What the training course covered,
c) When the training took place.
d) Who provided the training, and
e) Feedback from trainees.
A-4.2.2.6 OH&S training is typically prl.wiLled at
certain key tlmes in an operational cycle including:
a) At induction for new employees,
h) When employees are transferred to new johs.
c) On movement into managerial or supervisory
positions,
dl On engagement of suh-contractors.
C I When modification in the system is l'arricd
out. anu
f) After a time gap as a refresh.
A-4.3 Communication and Reporting
A-4.3.1 Commllnic(l{iOfl
Organizations should implement a procedure for
receiving documenting and responding to relevant
inf(lfll1ation anu requests from interested parties. The
procedure may include a dialogue with interested
part ics and consideration of their relevant concern, In
S(\l1lC circumstances. response to interested parties'
may include relevant information ahout the
14
hazards and risks associated with the organization's
operations. These procedures should also address
necessary communication with public authorities
regarding emergency planning and other relevant
issues. Organizations should also have a system to
communicate relevant OH&S information including
objectives and targets and any change in delegation of
responsibility to its own employees.
A-4.3.1.1 Commonly used methods of internal
communication include:
a) Bulletins,
b) News letters,
c) Notice boards;
d) Signage,
c) Videos,
f) Minutes/action notes of the meetings,
g) Team briefings, and
h) Hard copy or electronic mail.
A-4.3.1.2 Commonly used methods of external
communication includes:
a) Annual reports,
b) Publications,
c) [nserts in industry publications.
d) Paid advertising,
e) Telephone inquiry services,
f) Submissions to government, and
g) Websites.
A-4.3.2 Reportinf?
Traditionally reporting has focused on lost-time injuries
and nol the management system established to control
risks. Effective reporting should cover the positive steps
the organization is taking to identify hazards and
control risks and can include reports:
a) of levels of conformance with procedures,
b) on performance against targets,
c) on improvements made,
d) on underlying reasons for incident
occurrences,
e) on results of safety inspections and audits;
f) on health monitoring, and
g) of workplaces monitoring.
A-4.4 Documentation
Documentation is an important element in enabling
an or8anization to implement a successful OH&S
management system. It is also important in assembling
and retaining OH&S knowledge, but it is important
that documentation is kept to the minimum required
for effectiveness and efficiency.
A-4.4.1 Organizations should ensure tbat sufficient
documentation is available to enable OH&S plans to
be fully implemented and is propOJtional II) their needs.
A4.4.2 Operational processes and procedures should
he defined and appropriately documented and updated
as necessary. The organization should clearly define
the various types of documents, which establish and
effective operational procedures control.
A-4.4.3 Thc existence of OH&S managclIlent systems
documentation supports employee awarenes<.:, of what
is required to achieve the organization's OH&S
ohjectives and enables the evaluation of the "y"tcm and
OH&S performance.
A-4.4.4 The degree and quality of the documentation
\vill vary depending on the sile and complexity of the
organization. Where elements of the OH&S
!l1ill1ilgcmcllt ilrc integrated with itn
oq;anization's overall management system the OH&S
documentation should be integrated into existing:
documentation. The organizations should consider
organizing and maintaining a summary of the
documcntution to;
a) Collate the OH&S policy, objectives and
targets;
b) Describe the means of achieving OH&S
objectives and targets:
c) Document the key roles, responsibilities and
procedures;
d) Provide direction to related d()cumentation
and describe other elements of the
organization's management system, where
appropriate; and
e) Demonstrate that the OH&S management
system elements appropriate For the
organization are implemented.
A4.5 Control of Documents
OH&S documents communicate and regulate
action. They should be current, compn:hensive and
issued by an authoritative source. The organization
should ensure that:
a) Documents can he identified \vith appropriate
organization, division. functioll, activity or
contact person;
b) Documents are periodically revised
as necessary and approved by authorized
personnel prior to issue;
c) The CUlTent version of relevant documents are
available at all locations where operations
essential to the effective fUl1ctlOning of the
system are performed; and
d) Obsolete documents are promptly n .. 'movcd
from all points of issue.
15
IS 18001 : 2007
Documents can be in any medium as long as they arc
accessible, useful and easily understood.
A-4.6 Operational Control
It is important that OH&S, in its broadest sense, is fully
integrated across the organization and into all its
activities, whatever the size or nature of its work. In
organizing for the implementation of the policy and
the effective management of OH&S, the organization
should make arrangements to ensure that activities are
carried out safely and in accordance with alTangements
and should:
a) Define the allocation of responsibilities and
accountabilities in the management structure,
b) Ensure people have the necessary authority
to carry out their responsibilities, and
c) Allocate adequate resources commensurate
with its size and naturc.
Some typical activities, which arc covered under
operational control are:
3) Production,
b) Maintenance,
c) Storage,
d) Handling,
e) Packaging, :!nd
t) Transportation.
However this list is not an exhaustive list and may be
... suitably modified depending upon the activities of the
organization. Some examples of arcas in which risks
typically arise, and some examples of control measures
against them are given below:
a) Hazardous tasks
This includes the following:
1) Identification of hazardous tasks,
2) Pre-determination and approval of
working methods,
3) Pre-qualification of personnel for
hazardous tasks, and
4) systems, and procedures
controlling the entry and exist of
personnel to hazardous work sites ..
b) Hazardous 11l1lteria/s
I) Identification of inventories, and storage
locations;
2) Safe storage provisions and control of
access; and
3) Provision and access to material safety
data and other relevant information.
IS 1 ROO 1 : 2007
A1([inrel1(lIlce ofs(lle plant alld equipment
1) Provision. control and maintenance of the
organization's plant and equipment;
2) Provision, control and maintenance of
PPE;
J) Segregation and control of access; and
4) Inspection and testing of OH&S related
equipment and high integrity systems
such as:
i} operator protection systems:
ii) guarding and physical protection:
iii) shutdown systems;
iv) fire detection and suppression
equipment;
v) handling equipment (cranes.
forklifts, hoists and lifting
devices);
vi) radiological sources and safeguards;
vii) essemial monitoring devices:
viii) IO(dl exhaust ventilation systems;
and
ix) medical facilities and prov isions.
:\-4.6.1 Design and EllgineerinR
EngineL'ring controls involve some structural change
to the work environment or work process to place a
harrier to, or interrupt the transmission path between
the worker and the hazard. This may include machine
l':uarLis, isolation or enclosure for hazards. the lise of
ventilation and manual handling deviccs.
hazard involving processes or services.may
he at the design stage in consultation with
various professionals, for example, engineers,
architects, doctor'i or health and safety profc'isionals.
The risk associated wilh these hazards may he
,,:olllrolled hy appropriate design, sitting and selection
i)f premises including:
a) Proposed use, foreseeable uses and future
maintenance:
b) Construction in a manner incorporating best
health and safety practices; and
c) Checking compliance to contract
specifications.
\-4.6.2 Purchasing
rhe organization needs to ensure that a policy has becll
,Ievcloped for the employment of sub-contractors who
undertake work on the employer's premises or .assets,
tlr who carry out work under the supervision and control
of the employer. The organization also needs to .:;atisfy
itself that its policy, plans and procedures for suh-
16
contractors have been communicated to line managers,
supervisors and other employees to ensure they are aware
of their role and responsihilities in the management,
supervision and control of sub-contractors.
A-4.6.2.1 The organizations should maintain a register
of preferred sub-contractors that have established and
maintained effective OH&S systems and practices.
A-4.6.2.2 The organizations should select suh-
contractors on their ability to meet the organization's
OH&S requirements. A sub-contractor's ability to meet
these requirements can be assessed in accordance with:
a) Their OH&S policy;
b) Project work-plans and work method
statements;
c) Competency;
d) Registration and licenses (where applicahle);
e) Agreement to comply with the
OH&S policy for sub-contractors;
f) Verification (by inspection and tests) that
work areas, work methods, materials. plant
and equipment comply with health and safety
legislation, regulations, standards and codes;
and
g) Identification and allocation of human,
technical resources adequate to meet those
requirements.
A-4.6.2.3 Organizations should be capable of
demonstrating not only their own to
OH&S and how they intend to ensure compliance with
the organization's requirements, but also:
a) That their sub-contractors and suppliers are
selected on the basis of their ability to comply
with OH&S requirements;
h) How they interface with their sub-contractorsl
suppliers of materials, equipment and
services; and
c) That their contract binds their subcontractors
to ensuring that OH&S requirements will be
met, and includes verification provisions for
inspections, testing, auditing, reviewing and
documentation.
A-4.6.2.4 The organization needs to ensure that
personnel responsible for reviewing OH&S aspects of
contracts for goods and services have suitable OH&S
skills and experience. The review system should
include procedures verifying that purchased goods and
services conform to specified requirements. The
organization may also use the identification, assessment
and control approach and may involve those directly
affected employees. OH&S clients, sub-contractors
while introducing goods and services into the
workplace.
Purchasing documentation should:
a) list preferred suppliers,
b) show the decision making process, including
risk assessment through receipt of purchased
goods/services, and
c) be retained as part of the organization's
records.
A-4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response
The organization should develop an emergt!llcy plan(s),
identify and provide appropriate emergency
equipment, and regularly test its capability
through practice drills.
Practice drills should aim to test the effectiveness of
the most critical parts of the emergency plan(s) and to
test the completeness of the emergency planning
process. While desktop exercises can be useful during
the planning process, practice drills should be as
realisLic as possible to be effective. Thi.s can require
11I11-scaleincident simulations to be conducted.
The results of emergencies and practice drills should
evaluateLl, and l:hangcs that are iLlenti lied as hcing
necessary should be implemented.
A-4.7.1 Emergency Plan
The emergency plan(s) should outline tile actions to
be taken when specified emergency situalions arise,
(lnd should include the following:
a) Identification of 'potential nccidents and
emergencies;
h) A list of key [Jcrsonnd - identiflCatiol1 of the
persons to take charge during the emergency;
c) Details of actions to be taken by personnel
during an emergency, including those actions
to be taken by external personnel who are on
the site of the emergency, such as contractors
or visitors (who can be required, for example,
to move to specified assembly points);
d) Emergency organizalion and
respollsibilities - responsibility, authority
and duties of personnel with specific roles
during the emergency (for example, fire-
wardens, first-aid staff, nuclear leak/toxic
spillage specialists);
e) Evacuation procedures:
t) Identi fication and location of hazardous
materials, and emergency action required;
g) An internal and external COf11mUllicution plall:
I) interface with external emergency
services: details of emergency services
(for example, fire brigade, medical
services, spill clean-up services):
17
IS 18001: 2007
2) communication with statutory bodies;
3) communication with neighbours and the
public;
h) Training plans and testing for effectiveness;
j) Conducting emergency and fire drill
periodically for testing the effectiveness of the
plan;
k) Protection of vital records and equipment;
m) Availability of necessary information during
the emergency for example plant layout
drawings, hazardous material data,
procedures, work instructions and contact
telephone numbers;
n) Installation or availability of suitable warning
and alarm systems tested at regular intervals;
and
p) Emergency rescue equipment available and
maintained in good working order.
The involvement of external agencies in emergency
planning and response should be clearly documented.
These agencies should be advised as to the possible
circumstances of their involvement and provided with
such information as they require to facilitate their
involvement in response activities.
A-4.7.2 Emergency Equipment
Emergency equipment needs should be identified, and
equipment should be provided in adequate quantity.
This should be tested at specified intervals for
continuing operability.
Examples include the following items:
a) Alarm systems;
b) Emergency lighting and power;
c) Means of escape;
d) Safe refuges;
e) Critical isolation valves, switches and cut-
outs;
f) Fire-fighting equipment;
g) First aid equipment (including emergency
showers, eye wash stations, etc); and
h) Communication facilities.
A-4.7.3 Practice Drills
Practice drills should be carried out according to a pre-
determined schedule. Where appropriate and
practicable, the participation of external emergency
services in practice drills should be encouraged.
A-4.8 Critical Incident Recovery Plan (CIRP)
The erRP should cover:
a) Responsibilities, including coordination and
initiation;
IS ISOOI : 2007
b) Defusing where those involved in the trauma
can discuss the event immediately afterwards
in a contidential atmosphere;
c) Dc-briefing, designed to assist employees use
their own abilities to overcome emotional
effects of serious incidents;
d) Counselling, where further therapy may be
required on an ongoing basis, assistance may
also have to he provided to the families of
directly or indirectly affected victims; and
c) Legal and insurance requirement forexarnple,
interference without loss adjuster approval
can invalidate the insurance policy.
1\-5 CHECKING
A -5.1 Monitoring and l\1easurement
An organization should measure, monitor and ev(]luatc
its OH&S performance, and lake preventive and
action. Where appropriate. monitoring
schemes for significant hazards should be in place.
Broadly, such hazards may be classified as heing either
of the following:
a) Physical. for example, noise, radiation.
extremes of temperature; or
b) Chemical, for example, toxic, flammable or
explosive.
A-S.l.I Monitoring may take the following forms:
a) EnvironmentaL for example, flammable gases.
b) Personal. for example, noise dosimetry.
personal respirable dust sampling.
c) Biological, for example. heavy metals in
blood or urinc.
d) Measurement of health for
example, audiometry and spirometry.
Procedures should be in place for action when results
do not conform with exposure standards or limits or
show abnormal trends. Due care should be taken and
procedure should be in place for calibration of
inspection and testing equipment.
'\5.2 Evaluation of Compliam.-e
The organization should be able to demonstrate that it
has evaluated compliance with the legal requirements
identified, including applicable permits or licences.
organization should be able to demonstrate that it
has evaluated compliance with the other identified
requirements to which it has subscrihed.
A -5.3 Accident, Incident, Non-conformance,
Corrective and Preventive Action
rn establishing and maintaining procedures for
18
investigating and correcting non-conformance, the
organization should include these basic elements:
a) Identifying the cause of the non-conformance;
b) Identifying and implementing the necessary
corrective
c) Implementing or modifying controls
necessary to avoid repetition of the non-
conformance; and
d) Recording any changes in written procedures
resulting from the corrective action.
Depending on the situation, this may be accomplished
rapidly and with a minimum of formal planning or it
may be a more complex and long-term activity. The
associated documentation should be appropriate to the
level of corrective action.
A-S.4 Control of Records
Records are a means by which the organization can
demonstrate compliance with the ongoing OH&S
management systems and should cover:
a) external (for example. legal) and internal (that
is OH&S performance) requirements;
b) work permits;
c) OH&S risks and hazards;
d) OH&S training activity;
e) inspection, calibration and maintenance
activity;
f) monitoring data;
g) details incidents reporting, complaints and
follow-up action;
h) product identification including composition;
j) supplier and sub-contractor information; and
k) OH&S audits and reviews.
The effective management of these records is essential
to the successful implementation of the OH&S
management system. The key features of good OH&S
information management include; means of
identification, collection, indexing. filing, storage,
maintenance, retrieval, retention and disposition of
pertinent OH&S management system documentation
and records. OH&S records should be legible,
identifiable and traceable to the activity, product or
service involved. OH&S records should be stored and
maintained in such a way that they are readily
retrievable and protected against damage, deterioration
or loss. Their retention times should be established and
recorded. OH&S records include, among others, the
following:
a) Safety organization chart;
b) Training records on safety fire and first-aid;
Record of plant safety inspections; c)
d) Accident investigation reports;
e) Accidents and dangtrou'i OCCLlrrCI1CeS-
statistics and analysis:
n Record of tests and examinations of
equipment and structures as per statutes;
g) Safe operating procedures for various
operations;
h) Record of work permits:
j) Record of monitoring of f1ammahle and
explosives substances at workplace;
k) I\laintenance and testing records of fire
detection and fire fighting equipment:
m) Medical records of employees:
n) Records of industrial hygiene surveys (noise.
ventilation and levels. illumirution levels,
airborne and toxic substance). explosive
gases ):
p) Material safety data sheets:
q) On-site emergency and record or mock
drills;
r) Records of waste disposal;
s) Housekeeping inspection records:
t) Minutes of safety committee meetings:
u) Records of any modifications carried out
inplant or process;
v) Calibration and testing rec(l[l.b;
\v) Inspection books and other statutory records;
and
y) Records of previous audits.
A-5.5 Internal Audit
The audit programme and procedure should (o\'('r:
a) Activities and areas to be considered in audits,
h) Frequency of audits,
c) Responsibilities associated with managing
and conducting audits,
d) Communication of audit
e) Auditor competence. and
f) How audits will be conducted?
Audits may be performed by personnel from \vithin
the organization and/or external persons selected by
the organization. In either case, the persons conducting
19
IS 2007
the audit should be in a position to do so impartially
and objectively.
A-6 MANAGEMENT REVIE\V
The organization shall review at appropriate intervals
the OH&S system so as to ensure continuing suitability.
adequacy and to ensure continuing suitability,
adequacy and effectiveness. The results of such review
should be documented as well as published if the
organization has a commitment to do so.
Management reviews shall generally include but not
limited to:
a) assessment of the internal audit results;
b) review of corrective actions;
c) review of suggested
d) monitoring of the system; and
c) review of policy, objectives and targets.
Management review is a cornerstone of the
management system providing an opportunity for
senior management to regularly review the operation
of the system and its continuing suitability in the face
of change and to make adjustments to build upon and
improve its effectiveness. Typically the review would
be conducted quarterly, six-monthly or 12-monthly.
Some organizations prefer to incorporate the review
into a regular senior management meeting to build on
the principle that OH&S management he
integrated into line management activities.
Some organizations, recognizing the importance of
employee involvement in the process, choose to use
the mechanism of the central workplace committee
where senior management and employee representative
members conduct the periodic review.
Yet again others prefer to hold separate management
review meetings, with suitable participants. where no
other business will distract from the review pi \,-'e5S, It
is important to ensure that feedback on OH&S
performance is gathered from employees and other
relevant stakeholders. Equally employees and other
stakeholders should be kept informed of changes and
improvements flowing from the review process.
IS 18001: 2007
ANNEXB
(Foreword)
COMPARISON OF IS 18001 : 2007 WITH ISIISO 9001 : 2000 AND IS/ISO 14001 : 2004
IS/ISO 14001 Elements OH&S (IS 18001) Elements ISIISO 9001 Elements
4.1 General Requirements 4.1 General Requirements 4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy 4.2 OH&S Policy 5.3 Quality Policy
4.3 Planning (Title only) 4.3 Planning (Title only) 5.4 Planning (Title only)
4.3.1 Initial Oll&'S Review
4.3.1 Aspects 4.3.2 Hazard Identification, Risk 5.2 Customer Focus
Assessment and Risks Control 7.2.1 Determination of
Requirements Related to the
Products
7.2.2 Review of Requirements
Related to the Products
4.3.2 Legal and Other 4.3.3 Legal and Other Requirements 5.2 Customer F oeus
Requirements 7.2.1 Determination of
Requirements Related to the
Products
4.3.3 Objectives and Targets 4.3.4 Objectives, Targets, 5.4.1 Quality Objectives
and Programme(,)) Performance Indicators and 5.4.2 QMS P fanning

4.4 Implementation and 4.4 Implementation and Operation 7 Product Realization (Title only)
Operation (Title on(y) (Title only)
4.4.1 Resources, Roles. 4.4.1 Resources, Roles. Responsibility 5.1 Management Commitment
Responsibility and Authority and Authority 5.5. t Responsibility and Authority
5.5.2 Management Representative
6.1 Provision of Resources
6.3 Infrastructure
4.4.2 Competence, Training 4.4.2 Competence, Training and 6.2.2 Competence, Awareness and
and Awareness Awareness Training
4.4.3 Communication and Reporting
(Title on(v)
4.4.3 Communication 4.4.3.1 Communication 5.5.3 Internal Communication
7.2.3 Customer Communication
4.4.3.2 Reporting
4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.4 Documentation 4.2.1 (Documentation
Requirements) General
4.4.5 Control of Documents 4.4.5 Control of Documents 4.2.3 Control of Documents
4.4.6 Operational Control 4.4.6 Operational Control 7.5.1 Control of Production and
Service Pro vis ion
4.4.6.1 Design and engineering 7.3 Design and Development
4.4.6.2 Purchasing 7.4 Purchasing
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and
and Re.\ponse Response
4.4.8 Critical Incident Recovery Plan
4.5 Checking (Tille 4.5 Checking (Tille only) 8 Analysis and
Improvement (Title only)
20
IS 18001: 2007
f ~ - - ISIISO 14001 Elements OH&S (IS 18001) Elements IS/ISO 9001 Elements
4.5.1 Monitoring and 4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement 7.6 Control of Monitoring and
Measurement Measuring Devices
8.1 (Measurement, Analysis
& Improvement) General
8.2 Monitoring and
I
Measurement
8.2.3 A1onilOrtflg and
Measurement qf Frocesses
8.2.4 Monitoring and
Measurement 0/ Product
r--4.S.2 t'valuation a/Compliance 4.5.2 Evaluation a/Compliance
14.5.3 Nonconformity. Correclive 4.5.3 Accident, Incident, Non- 8.3 Control of Non-
Action and Preventive Action C01!/iJrmlnCe, Corrective and confonning Products
Preventive Action 8.5.2 Corrective Action
I
8.5.3 Preventive Action
14.5.4 Control of Records 4.5.4 ContrololRccords _4.2.4 Controlo/Records
r- 4.5.5 Internal Audit 4.5.5 Internal Audit 8.2.2 Internal Audit
r t6 Management Review
- - ~ .................... - ~ - . ~ . , . - - - .. - . ~ - - . - - - . . .
4.6 Management Revic\\I 5.6 Management Review
I
(Title onZy)
!
i
5.6.1 General
l
5.6.2 Review Input
5.6.3 Review Output
8.5.1 Continual Improvement
21
IS 18001 : 2007
ANl\EX C
and Clause A-3.2.2)
GliIDELINESFOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF RISK
APPLICATION
All employers and ::-clf-cmployed people have a legal
dllly to assess the risks from their work activities. The
risk assessment procedure described in thi" standard
is intended to be used:
a) for situations whcre hazards appear to pose a
significant threat and it is uncertain whether
existing or planned controls are adequate in
principle or in practice: and
h) hy organizations seeking continuous
improvement in their OH&S management
systems, in ilddition to minimum legal
requirements.
The full procedure described in this standard is not
or cost-effective when it is quite clear from
preliminary study that risks are trivial. or a previous
assessment has shown that, existing or planned
controls:
a) conform to the legal requirements dS well as
estahlished standards;
b) are appropriate for the tasks: and
C) are, or will be, understood and used hy
everyone concerned.
fkre no further action is required other than to ensure,
that controls continue to he used. Small, low risk
organizations in particular should be highly selective
in the risks that they choose to assess in deILl!!.
Effort developed for assessment of trivial risks or for
evaluation of standard controls will lead to collection
df more information that can possibly be used, and to
where important facts are lost in a mass of
documentation,
OVERVIE\V
Basic Steps
fhe following steps arc followed in identification of
hazard and assessment and control of risk:
J) Identify
h \ Estimate the risk (the likelihood and
of harm} from each hazardous event: and
,'I Decide iC the risk is tolerahlc (for this purpose
a tolerahlc risk criteria should be evolved
which should take into consideration the legal
requirements and other norms in that activity).
22
C-2.2 Necessity
Employers are legally obliged to carry out OIl&S risk
assessments. Their main purpose is to determine
whether planned or existing controls ;.Ire adequate. The
intention is that risks should be controlled before harm
could occur.
For many years OH&S risk asscssmenrs have been
carried out usually on an informal basis. It is now
recognized that risk assessment are a key foundation
for proactive OH&S management and that systematic
procedures are necessary to ensure their Sllccess.
A risk assessment based on a participative approach
provides an opportunity ror management and the work-
force to agree that an organization"s OH&S procedures:
a) are based on shared perceptions of hazards
and risks,
b) are necessary and workable, and
c) will succeed in preventing accidents,
Pitfalls and Solutions
Poorly planned assessments, carried out in the brief
that they are bureaucnltic impositions, will waste time
and change nothing. Moreover, organizations may get
hogged down in detail. where completion of assessment
proforma becomes an end in itself. Risk assessment
should provide an inventory for action and form the
basis for implementing control measures. Potential risk
assessors may have become complacent. People who
are too close to situations may no longer perceive and
recognize hazards, or perhaps judge risks as trivial
because to their knowledge no one has been harmed.
The aim should be that everyone tackles risk
assessments with a fresh pair of eyes and a questioning
approach. Risk assessment should he carried out by
competent people with practical knowledge of the work
activities, preferably with colleagues from another part
of the organization, who may have greater objectivity.
A worthwhile approach, whenever possible, is to train
small teams to carry out assessments.
Ideally, everyone should contribute to assessments that
relate to them. For example, they should tell assessors
what they think about the need for and feasibility of
particular risk controls. In larger organizations a
competent person, lIsually from within the
organization, should coordinate and guide the
assessors' work. Special ist advice may need to be
sought.
NOTE - Pitfall of simple risk concept is thlt it Cdn [HIt
distinguish high pronanility low consequence cwnts f[(Im low
[1wbability high cllnsequence events
C-3 PRINCIPLE
C-3.1 Figure 3 shows the principle of risk assessment.
The steps are outlined helow and descrihed fully
in C-4, C-S and C-6.
work aCtiVities-j
- ------------
I
l
Identify hazards
J
[
-,
I
Determine risk

fL Dec i d-e-j-f-r-is""':k""':j-s-t 0 Ie ra b I c l
___ ________ J
II Prepare risk control action --]
plan
L ______ w _____ _
I of act io n J
L plan
FIG. :1 THE PROCESS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
C-3.2 The following criteria arc necessary for
organizations to carry out effective risk asseSSIl1';?nt:
a) Cfllssify work nctivities - prepare a Jist of
work activities covering plant, raw materials/
chemicals handled, premises, people and
procedures, and gather information aboul
them;
h) Identify hazards - identify all hal.ards
relating to each work activity. Consider \\1110
might he harmed and how; what might be
damaged and how;
c) Determine risk - make a suhjective estimate
of risk associated wirh each hazard assuming
that planned or existing controls are in place.
Assessors should also consider the
cffcl.:tivcness of the and the
consequences of their failure;
d) Decide risk is tolerable ,- judge whether
planned or existing OH&S precautions (if
any) are sufficient to keep the hazard under
control :lIld meet legal requirements;
e) Pre/lore risk cuntml acti(!n pllil1 (if
IS 18001: 2007
necessary) - prepare a plan to deal with any
issues found by the assessment to require
attention. Organizations should ensure that
new and existing controls remain in place and
ure effective; and
f) Review adequacy of action plan - reassess
risks on the basis of the revised controls and
check that risks will be tolerable.
NOTE - The word 'tolerable' here means that risk has heen
reduced to the lowest level that is reasonably practicable.
C-3.3 Risk Assessment Requirements
If risk assessment is to be useful in practice
organizations should:
a) appoint a senior member of the organization
to promote and manage the activity;
b) consult with everyone concerned; discuss
what is planned to be done and obtain their
comments and commitment;
c) determine risk assessment training needs for
assessment personnel/teams and implement
a suitable training programme;
d) review adequacy of assessment; determine
whether the assessment is suitable and
sufficient; that is to say, adequately detailed
and rigorous; and
e) document administrative details and
significant findings of the assessment.
It is generally not necessary to make precise numerical
calculation of risk. Complex methods for quantified
risk assessment are normally required only where the
consequences of failure could be catastrophic. Risk
assessment in major hazard industries is related to the
upproach required in other workplaces, but in most
organizations much simpler subjective methods are
appropriate.
The assessment of risks to health associated with
exposure to toxic substance and harmful emissions may
require, for example, of airborne dust
concentrations or noise exposure.
C-4 PROCEDURE
C-4.1 General
The sub-clause describes the factor that an organization
should consider when planning the risk assessment.
Attention is drawn to the need [() refer to relevant
regulations and guidance to ensure that specific legal
requirements are met. The risk assessment process
described here covers all OH&S hazards. It is better to
integrate assessment for all hazards, and not carry out
separate assessment for health hazards, manual
handling machinery hazards and so 011. If assessment
is carried out separately, using different methods,
IS 18001: 2007
ranking risk control priorities is more difficult, separate
assessment may also lead to needless duplication.
The following aspects of risk assessment need to be
considered carefully at the outset:
a) Design of a simple risk assessment proforma
(see C-4.2);
b) Criteria for classifying work activities and
information needed about each work activity
(see C-4.3 and C-4.4);
c) Method of identification and categorization
hazards (see C-5.1);
d) Procedures for making an informed
determination of risk (see C-S.l);
e) Words to describe estimated risk levels
(see Tables 1 and 2);
f) Criteria for deciding whether risks are
tolerable: whether planned or existing control
measures are adequate (see C-6.1);
g) Preferred methods for risk control (see C-6.2);
h) Time scales for implementing remedial action
(where necessary) (see Table 2); and
j) Criteria for reviewing adequacy of action plan
(see C-6.3).
C-4.2 Risk Assessment Proforma
Organizations should prepare a simple proforma that
can be used to record the findings of an assessment,
typically covering:
a) Work activity;
b)
c) Controls in
d) Personnel at risk;
e) Likelihood of harm;
f) Severity of harm;
g) Risk level;
h) Action to be taken following the assessment;
and
j) Administrative details, for example, name of
asst'ssor, date. etc.
Organizations should develop their overall risk
assessment procedure and may need to carry out trials
and continually review the system.
C-4.3 Classification of Work Activities
Classify work activities
A necessary preliminary to risk assessment is to prepare
a list of work activities, to group them in a rational and
manageable way, and to gather necessary information
about them. It is vital to include, for example,
24
infrequent maintenance tasks, as well as day-to-day
production work. Possible ways of classifying work
activities include:
a) Geographical areas within/outside the
organization's premises;
b) Stages in the production process, or in the
provision of a service;
c) Planned and reactive work; and
d) Defined tasks (for example driving),
C-4.4 Work Activity Information Requirements
Information required for each work activity should but
are not limited to include items from the following:
a) Tasks being carried out, their duration and
frequency;
b) Location(s) where the work is carried out;
c) Who normally/occasionally carries out the
tasks;
d) Who else may be affected by the work (for
example visitors, SUb-contractors, the
e) Training, that personnel have received about
the tasks;
f) Written systems of work and/or permit-to-
work procedures prepared for the tasks;
g) Plant and machinery that may be used;
h) Powered hand tools that may be used;
j) Manufacturers' or suppliers' instructions for
operation and maintenance of plant machinery
and powered hand tools;
k) Size, shape, surface character and weight of
materials that might be handled;
m) Distance and heights of the place where
materials have to be moved by hand;
n) Services used (for example compressed air);
p) Substances used or encountered during the
work;
q) Physical form of substances used or
encountered (fume, gas, vapour, liquid, dust!
powder, solid);
r) Content and recommendations of safety data
sheets relating to substances used or
encountered;
s) Relevant acts, regulations and standards
relating to the work being done, the plant and
machinery used, and the materials used or
encountered;
t) Control measures believed to be in place;
u) Available monitoring data gained as a result
of infonnation from within and outside the
organization. incident, accident and ill-health
experience associated with the work being
done. equipment and substances used; and
v) Finding of any existing aSSCSSl1lc!l[s relating
to the ' ~ o r k activity.
C-5 ANALYZING RISK
C-S.l Identitication of Hazards
C-S.1.1 General
~
L Identify hazards
Three questions enable hazard identification:
a) Is there a source of harm?
b) Who (or what) could be harmed? and
c) How could harm occur?
Hazards that clearly possess negligible potential for
harm should not be documented or given further
consideration.
('-5.1.2 Broad Cole8uries ({ Hazard
To help with the process of identifying hazards it is
useful to categorize hazards in different ways, for
example:
a) Mechanical,
b) Electrical.
c) Radiation,
dl Substances,
e) Fire and explosion,
f) Toxic release, and
g) Natural calamities.
C-5.1.3 Haz,wd Prompt-List
A complementary approach is to develop i.l prompt-
list of questions such as:
During work ,Ictivities could the following hazards
('\ ist'!
a) Slipslfalls on the level;
b) Falls of persons from heights;
c) F:llls of tools, materials. etc, frol1l heights:
d) Inadequate headroom:
c) Hazards associated \vith manual lifting/
handling of tools. material, etc;
n Hazards from plant and machinery ,lss()cialed
with assembly, commissioning. ()pcration.
maintenance. modification, repair and
dismantl i ng;
~ ) Vehicle hazards, covering both site tr(lnsport,
and travel hy road;
25
h) Fire and explosion;
j) Violence to staff;
IS 18001: 2007
k) Substances that may be inhaled;
m) Suhstances or agents that may damage the
eye;
n) Substances that may cause harm by coming
into contact with, or being absorbed through,
the skin;
p) Substances that may cause harm by being
ingested (for example entering the body via
the mouth);
q) Harmful energies (for example, electricity,
radiation, noise. vibration):
r) Work-related upper limb disorders resulting
from frequently repeated tasks;
s) Inadequate thermal environment. for e,\ample
too hot:
t) Lighting levels;
u) Slippery, uneven ground/surfaces;
v) Inadequate guard rails or hand rails on stairs;
and
w) Sub-contractors' activities.
The above list is not exhaustive. Organizations should
develop their own huzard 'prompt-list' taking into
account the nature of their work activities and locations
where work is carried out.
C-S.2 Determination of Risk
C-S.2.1 General
Identify hazards
I Determine risk
L---. __
The risk from the hazard should be determined by
estimating the potential severity to harm and the
likelihood that harms \vill occur.
C-S.2.2 Severity q{l / arm
Information obtained about work activities (s('c C-4.4)
lS a vital input to risk assessment. When seeking to
establish potential severity of barm, the following
should also be considered:
a) Part(s) of the body likely to he affected;
b) Nature of the harm, ranging from slightly to
IS I Xf)()] = 2007
extremely harmful:
I) Slightly harmful. for example:
i) superficial injuries; minor cuts and
bruises; eye irritation from dust;
ii) nuisance and irritation (for example
headaches); ill-health leading to
Temporary discomfort;
2) Harmful, for example:
i) lacerations; burns;
ii) contusion; serious sprains;
iii) minor fractures;
iv) deafness; dermatitis; asthma;
v) work related upper limh disorders;
and
vi) disorders: ill-health leading to
permanent minor disahility: and
3) Extremely harmful, for example:
i) amputations; major fractures:
ii) poisonings; multiple injuries-,
iii) fatal injuries;
iv) occupational cancer; other severely
life shortening diseases: and
v) acute fatal diseases.
(>5.2.3 Likelihood oll/arm
When seeking lo establish likelihood of harm the
adequacy of control measures already implemented and
complied with needs to be considered. Here legal
requirements and codes of practice are good guides
covering controls of specific hazards. T h l ~ follmving
issues should then typically be considered in addition
to the work activity information given in C-4.4:
a) Number of personnel exposed;
h) Frequency and duration of exposure to the
hazard;
c) Failure of services, for example, electricity
and water;
d) Failure of plant and machinery compunents
and safety devices;
e) Exposure to the elements;
n Protection afforded hy personal protective
equipment and usage rale or personal
protective equipment: and
g) Unsafe acts (unintended errors or illtentional
violations of procedures) hy persons, for
example, who:
I) may not know what the hazards are;
2) may not have the knowledge, physical
capacity, or skills to do the work;
26
3) underestimate risks to which they arc
exposed; and
4) underestimate the practicality and utility
of safe working methods.
It is important to take into account the consequences of
unplanned events. These suhjective risk estimations
should normally take into account all the people exposed
to a hazard. Thus any given hazard is more seriolls if it
affects a greater number of people. But some of the larger
risks may be associated with an occasional task carried
out just by one person, for example, maintenance of
inaccessible parts of lifting equipment.
C-6 EVALUATION OF RISK
C-6.1 Risk Tolerance
Identify hazards
Determine risk
Decide if risk is tolerable
Table 1 shows one simple method for estimating risk
levels and for deciding whether risks are tolerable.
Risks are classified according to their estimated
likelihood and potential severity of harm. Some
organizations may wish to develop more sophisticated
approaches, but this method is a reasonable slarting
point. Numbers may be used to describe risks, instead
of the terms 'moderate risk', 'substantial risk', etc.
However using numhers does not confer any greater
accuracy to these estimates.
Table 1 Simple Risk Level Estimator
(Clauses C-4.1 ami C-6.1)
Probability Slightly- Harmful Extremely
of Harmful lIarmful
Occurrence
(I) (2) (3) (4)
High Unlikely Trivial risk Tolcr'lblc Mod\!rate
risk risk
Unlikely Tolerable Moderate Substantial
risk risk risk
[,ikely Moderate Substantial Intolerable
risk risk risk
NOTE - Tolerable here means that risk has been reduced to
the lowest level that is reasonably practicable.
C-6.2 Risk Control Action Plan

Identify hazards
Determine risk
r--
I Prepare risk control action plan
L
An approach, again suggested as a startin;; point, is
shoWIl in Table 2. It shows that control measures alld
urgency should be proponional to risk. The our.come
of a risk assessment should he an inventory PI' actions,
in priority order, to devise, maintain or improve
controls. A procedure for planning the implementation
of necessary changes following risk assessment is
described in C-6.4.
Controls should be chosen taking into account the
following:
<I) If possib\e, eliminate hazards altogether, or
combat risks at source, for example, lISC a safe
substance instead of a dangerolls one or
reduce inventory level of ha/ardolls
substance:
b) If elimination is 110t possible, try to reduce
the risk, for example, by using a luw vUltagc
electrical appliance;
c) Where possible adapt work to the individual.
for example, to take account of individual
mental and physical capabilities:
ti) Take advantage or technical progress lO
improve controls;
c) Measures that protect everyone:
fJ J\ blend of technical and procedural controls
is usually necessary;
g) The need to introduce planned maintenance
of, for example, machinery safeguards;
h) Adopt personal protective equipment only as
a last resort, after all other control options
have been considered;
j) The need for emergency arrangement; and
k) Proactive measurement indicators are
necessary to monitor compliance with the
controls.
Consideration also needs to be given to the
27
IS 18001: 2007
development of emergency and evacuation plans and
provision of emergency equipment relevant to the
organization's huzards .
Table 2 Simple Risk-Based Control Plan
(Clauses CA.l and C-6.2)
Risk Level Action and Time Scale
(I)
Trivial
Tolerable
Moderate
Substantial
Intolerable
(2)
No action is required and no documentary
record needs to be kcpt
No additional controls are required.
Consideration may be given to a more
cost-effective solution or improvement
that imposes 110 additional cost burden.
Monitoring is required to ensure that the
controls arc maintained
Erti.)rts should be made to reduce the risk,
but the 4.:OSI of prevention should he
carefully 1llt'<Isured and limited. Risk
n:Jucti011 measun::> ~ h o u l J he
implemented
Work should not he started until the risk
has been reduced. Considerable resources
may have to be allocated to reduce the
risk where the risk involves work in
progress, urgent action should be taken
Work should not he started or continued
until the risk has been reduced. If it is not
possible to reduce risk even with
unlimited resources, work has to remain
prohibited
C-6.3 Adequacy of Action Plan
Identify hazards
!
Determine risk
Prepare risk control action plan
!
Review adequacy of action plan l
The action plan should be reviewed before
implementation. typically by usking:
IS IX001: 2007
a) Willihe revised controls lead to risk
levels'?
b) Arc new hazards created?
(') Has the most cost-effective solution been
chosen?
d) What do people alTected think ahout the need
for, and feasihility of, the revised preventive
measures'?
l') Will the revised controls be used in practice,
and not ignored in the face of, for cXJmple,
pressures to get the job done?
C-6.4 Changing Conditions and Revising
Risk assessment should be seen as a continual process.
Thus, the adequacy of control measures should be
subject to continual review and revised if necessary.
Similarly, if conditions change to the extent that
hazards and risks are significantly affected then risk
assessments should also be reviewed.
ANNEXD
( ForeH'ord)
C01\Ii\lITTEE COMPOSITION
occupational Safety and Health and Chemica! Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 8
Or:,,:(/lIi;:(Jfioll
'brit'nal Sdfety Council, Navi Mumbai
\irpor[ Authority of India, New Delhi
\lkJli Manufacturers' Association of India, Delhi
Energy Regulatory Board, MUlllhai
BhahhJ Atomic Rescnrcp Centre, Mttmhai
:,.'entml Boiler Board, New Delhi
I.eather Reseilrch Institute. Chenn,li
Celltral r-.,'Iining Research Dhanhad
,,'cntrJI Warehou"ing Corporation. New Ddhi
'cntll!')' Rayon, Thalll:
;'onl ... dl'r;\lion of Indian Industries, New Delhi
' .. 'nn,UIlICf Education & Centre. Ahmedabad
)"f1,;r1 Ilh'nt or Space (lSRO), Srih3rikota
kl'.1l"llllL'111 of Induqrial Polit'y and Pn11lJ(ltioli. New Delhi
')\r'_'l"\"I,llC Gellt'ral L\\.:\\)I'j Advice Ser"icc & \,:\b(>\Jr
\1l!lllhlll
: )irel'l' 'r,ttc General (If I'kalth Services, New Delhi
Jirl'(! )(,:Ite nf Indllst"ial Safety and Health. Mumbai
'lir';.'l't '[-Ill: of St:lndimliz;ition, Ministry of Defence, Nnv Dt'lhi
!':IlT,\"!\'ee-, State InslJrance Corpomtion. New Delhi
28
Represel1tative( s)
SHRt K. C. GUPTA (Chairmall)
SHHI A. N. KHERA
SHRI M. DURAIRAJAN (Alternate)
OR Y. R. SINGH
SIIRI P. K. GHOSH
S, SOliNDARARAJAN
SHill S. D. BHARAMIJE (At/emale)
REPRESENTATIVE
SHHI G. SWAMtNATHAN
SItR! 1. K. PANDEY
Sf/HI F. C. CltAD!)A
SHRI S. C. GUPTA (Alternate)
SHRI H. G. VTTAMCHANDANI
SHRt S. K. MtSHRA
SHRI A. K. GHOSE
StlRt ANiK AIMERA (AI/emate)
DR C. 1. SHISHOO
SltR! S. YEl.LORE (Allernale)
SIIIII K. VISIlWANATHAN
SHRI V. K. SIUVASTAVA (Alternate)
DR D. R. CHAWLA
DR A. K. MAJl:MDAR
SHRI H. VISHWANATIIAN (Atlullafe)
DR P. H. ANATHANAHAYANAN
DR A. N. SINHA (Altenwte)
DtRECTOR OF MINES
DEPUTY DIRECTOR (Alrernati')
SIlHI S, D. JMlTAP
SHIH P. S. AHUJA
LT-COI. TEJlNDER SINGH (A/INflate)
DR A. M. PATIL
DR G, N. DANKAPUR (A/ferWi/c)
(JrgUIII:'UI;iJll
: li:ldliSLIIl r .l'\'lT (.II11ifCCl. MUlllhai
Toxicological R.esearch Centre, LUCKn()W
\tinistry ur Defence (DGQA), New Delhi
of Environment & Forests, Nl.'w Delhi
\linl>;!ry of Home Affairs, N(:w Delhi
Sate\y Council, Navi Mumbai
i':O( 'IL, MUlIlhaJ
Ofl'icc of Ihe Development Commissioner (SS1), New Delhi
011 IIlJustry SafelY Directorate (Ministry of Petroleum &
Nallll'JI Gas), Delhi
Factory Board, Kol kata
P','If'uieUIl1 &. Explosives Safety Organization, Nagpur
S.lfcly Appliances Manufactur.ers MUlllbai
"IFI. Chemical Compiex, New Delhi
.""lllilcl'!l Petrodll'lllical Industries Corporation Lid. Chennai
>;1<',1 ,\\llh,,! il\' (II Ltd, RalIchi
'1';,[,1 \1(; Ri;k 1\1;111,1:;1.'111\.'111 S,,'f\iec, Ltd, \1umhli
:-"1,1 I Hi, \lilh:lpur, Disl
IS 18001: 2007
SIIRI S. V. Sl:RESII
SIfRI B. B. DA\'f'.
Smu 1\1)11)',\ 111,\\,.\1{ (:\/lc/'liu/e)
RLI'I{[SENT"TJ"F
SHRI PRAKI\SII \V,\(;l.E
SIlRI A. A. (Allertw/e)
OJ{ M.
DR G. VI:NKAL\R.\THNAM (AlEertwte)
SIIKl P. VIJI\yRM;flAVAN
SIIRI ,",1. R. PATEl. U1ifC/'IW/t')
DR VIRE!':IJRA
OJ{ V. P. S'J,\R.\IA (AI/ematl")
SH){\ M. S. S\ILlAN\,\
SIIH] SUJIT GHOSH (A/femme)
Ol( A. K. St\I\ENt\
DR RAJlNDRf\ SIN(;lI (A/femote)
REPRESENT-\rIVE
SIIRI OM PRAKASII
SHRI D. K. SHAMI (Alternate)
DR H. R. RAJ)AOIL\N
DI{ A. K. MUKIIERJEE (AlreflWle)
Sill{] P. M. RAO
SHI{I D. I3lswl\s (A/femme)
DR B. V. BAPAT
SIIIU V. R. NARLA (Affernatt')
SIIRI M ,\TIIURA PRASAD
SMT SUNITA KUMAR (Alternate)
SfiRI SHASHI V ARDHAN
SIIKI S. C. GUPTA (Altrn1ate)
DR D. S. S. GANGULY
SHt{1 R. SRINIVASAN (Alt('/'Ill/te)
JOINT CIIIEF C(lNTROLLLR Of' !:Xf'U!.\IVF.S
SHRI M. KANT
SHRI KIRIT MARl! (A/temale)
SflRl N. S. BIRDIE
SIIRI RAIII"'IlRA N/\TII Sillll: (A/tet'/wlc)
SIIKI V. JAYARAMA:"
SIlRI S. MUKI:(;'\'\ .. \,\IlX\l (/\/feI'llMe)
SIIRI V. K. lowo(
SIIKI UK'11,,1I D. SIf.\H
SfiRI SANJIV 1.:\1_
SIlRI fI1. C. A"lL\WAI.
SIIRI E. DE\r,II,\I{, Scientist F & Head (CHD)
I Director General (F:x-o/licio) I
SnI('lur\,
S!llt' i\. K. 1'.,1.
L (CHD), HIS
IS 180()1 : 2007
Occupational and Health Subcommittee, CHD 8 : I
Orglllli;:lItiO/l
01\1 India Limited, Bangalorc
Airport Authority of India. New Delhi
AtomiC Energy I<q;ulatory Board. Mumhai
Bhcl\)ha Atomic Research Centre, Mumhai
Central Mining Research Institute (CSIR), Ohanh;ld
for Fire, &. Environment Safety. Delhi
C(',,j India Limited. Kolkata
[ll'panmcn! of Space (ISRO), Bangalore
D"p<lrtmcnt of Defence Production (DGQA), New Delhi
Directorate General F:lCtory Advice Services &. Labour Institute,
Mumbai
Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association, Mumbai
[nuian Telephone Industries Ltd, Bangalore
Industrial Tox icological Research Centre, Lucknow
Joseph Leslie & Co, Mumbai
Joseph Leslie Drager Manufacturing Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
!\'ational Fire Service College, Nagpur
l\ational Institute L)f Occupational Health, Ahmedabad
Mineral Development Corporation Ltd, Hyderabad
Oil Industry Safety Directorate, New Delhi
PN Limited, Lllcknow
Reliance industries Limited, Mumbai
Safl'ly Appliallces M:II1Ufacturers Association, Murnbai
Sted Authority I)f India, Ranchi
Vi';/lVt'svar;1 ETlkrprises, Navi Mumbai
Rt.!prc.I"{,l1ti1tit,/,(s)
SHRI P. M. RAO (Conveller)
SHRI ABIIIJEET ARlf:"l SAt.:N(;IKAK
SIlRI YH{EN SHAll (Atfernote)
SHRI H. S. R;\WAT
SHR.l Y. Y. Pi\NDE
SHRt S. D. BI\AR/\MFlE
SHRI A. P. SArltE (Allem(/te)
SIlRI J. K. PANDEY
r-.1s ARTI BHATT
DR K. KAIJIRRELLI (Alternate)
SHRI S. C. PAl.
SHRI S. C. Roy C!IOlJDlJRY (Alternate)
SIIR! K. VISHWANATIlAN
SHRI V. K. SRIVASTAVA (Alternate)
SHRI M. S, SULTANIA
SHRI B. GHOSH (Alternate)
DR P. P. LANJEWAR
DR BRU MOHAN (Alternate)
DR M. S. RAY
DR S. H, NAMDAS (Alternate)
SHRI P. JAYAPRAKASH
SURI C. MAHALINGAM (Alternate)
DR A. K. SRIVASTAVA
DR S. K. RASTOGI (Alternate)
SHRI VINOD BAMANIYA
SHR! SAMEER DANCE (Alternale)
SHRI CYRIL PEREIRA
SIlRt HIRENDRA CHATlTRJEF. (Alternate)
REPRESENTATIVE
DR H. R. RAJMOHAN
DR A. K. MUKERJEE (Alternate)
SHRI D. VIDYARTHI
SHRI SUASHI V ARI)HAN
SHRI S. C. GUPTA (A/ternafe)
SHRI RAJESH NIGAM
SHRI ANIL KUMAR SRIVASTAVA (A/ternate)
SHRI N. K. VM.I'CHA
SIIRI S. G. PATEL (A/lnnole)
SHfO M. KANT
SIIRI KIRlT MAfW (Alternate)
SIIR! V. K. JAIN
SHRI MAHESH KUDA\i
Smll RAVI SHINDE (Altl'f"l/ole)
V(dlc'ch ilndia l. [klhi SHRI PAWAN KUMAR PAHl'JA
Ms MEENAKSHI PAltliJA (Alll'male)
Panel for Revision of IS 1 ROOl 2000, CHD 8 : PI
1\ational Safety CuuIlcil, Navi Mumbai SHRI M. M. KULKARNI, (Com'mer)
SURI S. S. GONSALVES
llh"bha Atomic Researl'h Ccntre. Mumbai SHRI S. D. BHARAMRE
Directorate General Fa(tory Advice Services & Labour lnstitute, SIIRI H. VISlIWANATHAN
t\1umhai
\bn;lgement Systcm Certification Department. BIS. :\fcw Delhi
Illlrc;llI of Indian SCtndards, New Delhi
R EPRESENTATI VE
SHRI N. K. PAL
30
Bureau of Indian Standards
B rs is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act. 1986 to promote
h:lrmonious development of the activities of standardiL3rion, marking and quality certification of goods
and JLlL'nding to connected matters in the country,
Copyright
nrs has the copyright of all its publications. No parI of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of HIS. This docs not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details. such as symbols and sizes. type or grade designarions.
Fnquiries relating to copyright he addressed to the Director (Puhlications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the nCl'd arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed: if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
"flould a\cert-lin that they are in possession of the lalest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
'HIS Cwu!ogul,;' ml(J : Monthly Additions'.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No, CHD g (1527).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Dale of Issue
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
M::tnak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafur Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones: 23230131. 2323 3375, 2323
Regional Offices:
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Norlhern
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Text Affected
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Telephone
{
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{
23378499,2137 8561
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{
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{
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Brancbes AHMEDABAD. BANGALOHE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD.
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