Do An Role

n Mn Hc R Le
GVHD : GV Nguyn Vn t
A. Phn l thuyt:
CHNG I : NHIM V V CC YU CU C BN
CA BO V R LE
1. Nhim v ca bo v Rle:
Cc thit b bo v c nhim v pht hin v loi tr cng nhanh cng
tt nhng phn t b s c ra khi h thng, nhanh chng pht hin v cch
ly phn t h hng khi h thng, c th ngn chn v hn ch n mc thp
nht nhng hu qu tai hi ca s c. Khi thit k v vn hnh bt k mt h
thng no cn phi k n kh nng pht sinh h hng v cc tnh trng lm
vic khng bnh thng trong h thng in y. Nguyn nhn gy ra h
hng, s c i vi phn t trong h thng in:
- Do cc hin tng thin nhin nh bin i thi tit, ging bo, ng t,
l lt.
- Do my mc, thit b b hao mn, gi ci.
- Do cc tai nn ngu nhin.
- Do nhm ln trong thao tc ca nhn vin vn hnh.
Ngn mch l loi s c c th xy ra v nguy him nht trong h thng
in. Nhanh chng pht hin v cch ly phn t h hng khi h thng c
th ngn chn v hn ch nhng hu qu nghim trng ca s c, trong
phn ln l dng ngn mch:
- Dng in tng cao ti ch s c v trong cc phn t trn ng t
ngun n im ngn mch c th gy ra tc ng nhit v cc lc c hc
lm ph hu cc phn t b ngn mch v cc phn t ln cn.
- H quang ti ch ngn mch nu lu c th t chy thit b v gy
ho hon.
- Ngn mch lm cho in p ti ch s c v khu vc li in ln cn b
gim thp, nh hng n s lm vic bnh thng ca h dng in.
- Nghim trng nht l gy mt n nh v tan r h thng in.
Hu qu ca ngn mch l:
- Tht thp in p mt phn ln ca h thng in.
- Ph hu cc phn t b s c bng tia la in.
- Ph hu cc phn t c dng ngn mch chy qua do tc ng nhit v
c.
- Ph hu n nh ca h thng in.
Ngoi cc loi h hng, trong h thng in cn c cc tnh trng lm vic
khng bnh thng. Mt trong nhng tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng
l qu ti. Dng in qu ti lm tng nhit cc phn dn in qu gii
hn cho php lm cch in ca chng b gi ci hoc i khi b ph hu.
Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
ngn nga s pht sinh s c v s pht trin ca chng, ta c th

thc hin cc bin php ct nhanh phn t b h hng ra khi mng in,
loi tr nhng tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng c kh nng gy
nguy him cho tt c cc thit b v h dng in.
m bo s lm vic lin tc ca cc phn t khng h hng trong
h thng in cn c nhng thit b ghi nhn s pht sinh ca h hng vi
thi gian b nht, pht hin ra phn t b h hng v ct phn t b h hng
ra khi h thng in. Thit b t ng c dng ph bin nht bo v
cc h thng in hin ti l cc Rle. Ngy nay, khi nim Rle thng
dng ch mt t hp thit b hoc mt nhm chc nng bo v v t ng
ho h thng in tho mn nhng yu cu k thut ra i vi nhim v
bo v cho tng phn t c th cng nh ton h thng in. Thit b bo v
c thc hin nh nhng Rle c gi l thit b bo v Rle.
Nh vy nhim v chnh ca thit b bo v Rle l t ng ct phn
t h hng ra khi h thng in. Ngoi ra thit b bo v Rle cn ghi nhn
v pht hin nhng tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca cc phn t
trong h thng in, tu mc m bo v Rle c th tc ng i bo tn
hiu hoc i ct my ct. Nhng thit b bo v Rle phn ng vi tnh trng
lm vic khng bnh thng thng thc hin tc ng sau mt thi gian
duy tr nht nh (khng cn phi c tnh tc ng nhanh nh cc thit b
bo v Rle chng h hng).
2. Yu cu c bn ca bo v rle :
thc hin c cc chc nng v nhim v quan trng nh trn ,cc thit
b bo v phi tha mn cc yu cu c bn sau y: tin cy,chn lc,tc
ng nhanh,nhy v kinh t.
a. tin cy:l tnh nng m bo cho cc thit b bo v lm ng chc
chn.ngi ta phn bit:
- tin cy khi tc ng : (dependability) mc chc chn rng rle
hoc h thng rle s tc ng ng . [IEEE C 37.2 1979 hip hi k s
in v in t].
- tin cy khng tc ng : (security) mc chc chn rng rle hoc
h thng rle s khng lm vic sai. [IEEE C 37.2 1979 hip hi k s
in v in t].
Ni cch khc tin cy khi tc ng l kh nng bo v lm vic ng khi
c s c xy ra trong phm vi c xc nh trong nhim v bo v ,cn
tin cy khng tc ng l kh nng trnh lm vic nhm ch vn
hnh bnh thng hoc s c xy ra ngoi phm vi bo v c quy nh.
Trn thc t tin cy tc ng c th kim tra tng i d dng bng
cch tnh ton hoc thc nghim,cn tin cy khng tc ng rt kh kim
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
tra v tp hp nhng trng thi vn hnh v tnh hung bt thng c th dn

n tc ng sai ca bo v khng th lng trc ht c.
nng cao tin cy nn s dng cc rle v h thng rle c kt cu n
gin ,chc chn, c th thch qua thc t s dng cng nh tng cng
mc d phng trong h thng bo v.S liu thng k v vn hnh cho thy,
h thng bo v trong cc h thng in hin i xc sut lm vic tin cy
khong 95-99%.
b.Tnh chn lc:l kh nng bo v c th pht hin v loi tr ng phn t
b s c ra khi h thng .cu hnh ca h thng in cng phc tp vic
m bo tnh chn lc ca bo v cng kh khn.
Theo nguyn l lm vic,cc bo v c phn ra : bo v c chn lc
tuyt i v bo v c chn lc tng i.
Bo v c chn lc tuyt i l nhng bo v ch lm vic khi s c xy
ra trong phm vi hon ton xc nh , khng lm nhim v d phng cho
bo v t cc phn t ln cn.
Bo v c chn lc tng i ngoi nhim v bo v chnh cho i tng
c bo v cn c th thc hin chc nng d phng cho bo v t cc
phn t ln cn.
thc hin yu cu v chn lc i vi cc bo v c chn lc tng
i,phi c s phi hp gia cc c tnh lm vic cacc bo v ln cn
nhau trong ton h thng nhm m bo mc lin tc cung cp in cao
nht, hn ch ti mc thp nht thi gian ngng cung cp in
c.Tc ng nhanh:
Hin nhin bo v pht hin v cch ly phn t s c cng nhanh cng
tt.tuy nhin khi kt hp vi yu cu chn lc tha mn yu cu tc ng
nhanh cn phi s dng nhng loi bo v phc tp v t tin.
Rle bo v c gi l tc ng nhanh nu thi gian tc ng khng vt
qu 50ms (2,5 chu k ca dng cng nghip 50Hz).Rle bo v c gi l
tc ng tc thi nu khng thng qua khu tr (to thi gian)trong tc ng
ca rle.thng thng hai khi nim tc ng nhanh v tc ng tc thi
dng thay th ln nhau ch cc rle bo v c thi gian tc ng khng
qu 50ms.
Ngoi tc ng ca rle hay bo v ,vic loi nhanh phn t b s c cn
ph thuc vo tc thao tc ca my ct in.cc my ct in c tc
cao hin i c thi gian thao tc t 2060ms (t 13 chu k 50Hz) nhng
my ct thng thng cng c thi gian thao tc khng qu 5 chu k(khong
100ms 50Hz).Nh vy thi gian loi tr s c (thi gian lm vic ca bo
v cng vi thi gian thao tc myct) khong t 2 n 8 chu k (khong
40160ms 50Hz)i vi bo v tc ng nhanh.
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
i vi li in phn phi thng s dng cc bo v c chn lc tng

i v phi phi hp thi gian tc ng gia cc bo v.Bo v chnh thng
thng c thi gian khong 0,21,5sec , bo v d phng khong 1,52sec.
d. nhy:
nhy c trng cho kh nng cm nhn s c ca rle hoc h thng
bo v,n c biu din bng h s nhy ,tc t s gia tr s ca i
lng vt l t vo rle khi c s c vi ngng tc ng ca n.S sai
khc gia tr s ca i lng vt l t vo rle v ngng khi ng ca
n cng ln ,rle cng d cm nhn s xut hin ca s c hay rle tc ng
cng nhy.
nhy thc t ca bo v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t,trong quan trng
nht phi k n : Ch lm vic ca h thng (mc huy ng
ngun),cu hnh li in ,dng ngn mch v v tr im ngn mch
,nguyn l lm vic ca rle,c tnh ca qu trnh qu trong h thng
in v.v
Ty theo vai tr ca bo v m yu cu v nhy i vi n cng khc
nhau.cc bo v chnh thng yu cu phi c h s nhy trong khong
1,52, cn bo v d phng t 1,21,5.
e.Tnh kinh t :
Cc thit b bo v c thit k v lp t trong h thng in,khc vi cc
my mc v thit b khc ,khng phi lm vic thng xuyntrong ch
vn hnh bnh thng.Nhim v ca chng l phi lun lun sn sng ch
n nhng bt thngv s c c th xy ra bt c lc no v c nhng tc
ng chun xc.i vi cc trn thit b cao p v siu cao p ,chi ph
mua sm v lp t thit b bo v thng ch chim mt vi phn trm gi
tr cng trnh,v vy thng thng gi c thit b bo v khng phi l yu t
quyt nh trong la chn chng loi hoc nh cung cp cho thit b bo
v.Lc ny bn yu t k thut trn ng vai tr quyt nh,v nu khng
tha mn cc yu cu ny s dn n hu qu rt nghim trng cho h thng
in.
i vi li trung,h p v s lng phn t cn c bo v rt ln,v yu
cu bo v i vi thit b khng cao bng cc thit b cn bo v cc nh
my in ln hoc li truyn ti cao p v siu cao p do vy cn cn nhc
n tnh kinh t trong chn thit b bo v sao cho m bo c cc yu
cu v k thut vi chi ph thp nht.
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
CHNG II : NGUYN L LM VIC CA CC BO V HC

2.1. Bo v qu dng in:
Qu dng in l hin tng khi dng in chy qua phn t ca h
thng in vt qu tr s dng in ti lu di cho php. Qu dng in c
th xy ra khi ngn mch hoc do qu ti.
Bo v qu dng in l bo v tc ng khi dng in i qua phn t
c bo v vt qu mt gi tr nh trc (tc l gi tr ci t).
Theo phng php m bo tnh chn lc bo v qu dng in c
chia 2 loi:
- Bo v dng in cc i: bo m tnh chn lc bng cch chn thi
gian lm vic theo nguyn tc tng cp.
- Bo v dng in ct nhanh: bo m tnh chn lc bng cch chn dng
khi ng thch hp.
Bo v dng in cc i:
Bo v dng in cc i thng l loi bo v chnh i vi mng
mt ngun cung cp. Bo v c t u mi on ng dy (v pha
ngun), bo v cng gn ngun cung cp th thi gian tc ng cng ln.
-Thi gian lm vic ca bo v dng in cc i
Hai bo v cn k nhau c thi gian chn ln hn nhau mt bc t
trong vic bo v gn ngun c thi gian ln hn.
t n = max{ t n 1 } + t
Trong : tn - thi gian t ca cp bo v th n ang xt.

Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
tn-1 - thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v ca cp bo v ng trc

n (th n).
t - bc chn lc v thi gian.
Thng thng t = (0,2 0,5)s vi gii hn di ly cho Rle s,
gii hn trn ly cho Rle c.
Khi ngn mch ti im N1 v khi ngn mch ti im N2 th i vi
bo v lm vic c c tnh thi gian c lp th thi gian khng i, cn khi
dng bo v c c tnh thi gian ph thuc ta thy thi gian lm vic thay
i theo im ngn mch.
u im c bn ca bo v c c tnh thi gian ph thuc l gim
c thi gian ct ngn mch ca bo v gn ngun, cn nhc im l
thi gian ct ngn mch ca bo v tng ln khi IN Ik, i khi phi hp
thi gian lm vic ca bo v l tng i phc tp.
- Dng in khi ng ca bo v dng in cc i:
Theo nguyn tc tc ng ca bo v Imax phi chn ln hn dng ph ti
cc i qua ch t bo v. Trong thc t dng in khi ng ca bo v
cn ph thuc vo nhiu iu kin khc.
Dng khi ng ca bo v: I kd =
k at .k mm
.I lvmax
k tv
Trong : kat - h s an ton, m bo cho bo v khng ct nhm khi c

ngn mch ngoi do sai s khi tnh dng ngn mch (kat = 1,1 1,2).
kmm - h s t m my ca cc ng c, c tr s ph thuc vo
loi ng c, v tr gia ch t bo v vi cc ng c, s mng in
(kmm = 2 3).
ktv - h s tr v ca chc nng bo v qu dng, m bo s
lm vic n nh ca bo v khi c cc nhiu lon ngn (hin tng t m
my ca cc ng c sau khi TL ng thnh cng) trong h thng m bo
v khng tc ng (ktv = 0,85 0,95).
Ik - dng khi ng
Ilvmax - dng in cc i qua i tng c bo v, thng xc
nh trong ch cc i ca h thng.
Trong mt s trng hp th dng in vo Rle khc vi dng vo
th cp ca BI
I kd =
k at .k mm .k sd
.I lvmax
n i .k tv
Trong : ni - t s bin ca BI
ks - h s s u dy gia BI v Rle
- nhy ca bo v dng in cc i:
nhy ca bo v dng in cc i c c trng bng h s Kn:
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
K nh =
I Nmm
I kd
H s nhy l t s dng qua bo v khi c ngn mch trc tip cui

cng ca bo v vi dng in khi ng n.
Yu cu v nhy l: - i vi bo v chnh th Kn 1,5
- i vi bo v d phng th Kn 1,2
- Vng tc ng:
Vng tc ng ca Rle bo v qu dng c thi gian l ton b phn ng
dy tnh t v tr t bo v v pha ti. Bo v t gn ngun c kh nng
lm d phng cho bo v t pha sau vi thi gian ct s c chm hn mt
cp thi gian t.
Bo v dng in ct nhanh:
i vi bo v qu dng thng thng cng gn ngun thi gian ct
ngn mch cng ln, thc t cho thy ngn mch gn ngun thng th mc
nguy him cng cao hn v cn loi tr cng nhanh cng tt. bo v
cc ng dy trong trng hp ny ngi ta dng bo v qu dng ct
nhanh (50).
Bo v dng in ct nhanh l loi bo v m bo tnh chn lc bng
cch chn lc dng in khi ng ln hn dng ngn mch ln nht qua
ch t bo v khi c ngn mch ngoi phn t c bo v (cui cng
bo v ca phn t c bo v), bo v dng ct nhanh thng lm vic tc
thi vi thi gian rt b.
Bo v ct nhanh c kh nng lm vic chn lc trong li c cu
hnh bt k vi mt ngun hay nhiu ngun cung cp. u im ca n l c
th cch ly nhanh s c vi cng sut ngn mch ln gn ngun. Tuy
nhin vng bo v khng bao trm c hon ton ng dy cn bo v,
y chnh l nhc im ln nht ca bo v ny.
m bo tnh chn lc, gi tr t ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh
phi c chn sao cho ln hn dng ngn mch cc i ( y l dng
ngn mch ba pha trc tip) i qua ch t Rle khi c ngn mch ngoi
vng bo v.
i vi mng in hnh tia mt ngun cung cp th gi tr dng in khi
ng ca bo v ct nhanh t ti thanh gp A l:
I kd = k at .I N ngmax
Trong : kat - h s an ton, tnh n nh hng ca sai s do tnh ngn

mch, do cu to ca Rle, thnh phn khng chu k trong dng ngn mch
v ca bin dng. Vi Rle c th kat = 1,2 1,3 cn vi Rle s th kat =
1,15.
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
INngmax - dng ngn mch ba pha trc tip ln nht qua bo v khi ngn
mch ngoi vng bo v. y l dng ngn mch ba pha trc tip ti thanh
gp B.
u im: Lm vic 0 giy i vi ngn mch gn thanh gp.
Nhc im: Ch bo v c mt phn ng dy 70 - 80%
Phm vi bo v khng c nh ph thuc vo ch ngn mch v ch
lm vic h thng. Chnh v vy bo v qu dng ct nhanh khng th l
bo v chnh ca mt phn t no m ch c th kt hp vi bo v khc.
2.2. Bo v dng in c hng:

- Nguyn tc tc ng:
tng cng tnh m bo cung cp in cho cc h tiu th, hin nay
ngi ta thng thit k cc mng hnh vng v mng c hai u cung cp
in. i vi loi mng ny th bo v dng cc i c thi gian lm vic
chn theo nguyn tc tng cp, khng m bo ct ngn mch mt cch
chn lc c.
Bo v dng in c hng l loi bo v lm vic theo tr s dng
in ti ch ni Rle v gc pha gia dng in y vi in p trn thanh
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
gp c t BU cung cp cho bo v, bo v s tc ng khi dng in vt

qu gi tr nh trc v gc pha ca n (gc hp vi U v I vo Rle) ph
hp vi trng hp ngn mch trn ng dy c bo v. Chnh v vy
bo v dng in c hng l bo v dng cc i cng thm b phn lm
vic theo gc lch pha gia dng in v in p.
1
N1
D1
2
D3
N3
t1 = t3 = t5 + t
t5
N2
D2
4
t = t <t
2 4 5
(a)
(b)
in c hng ng dy 2 mch song song (a)
Cch chn thi gian lm vic ca bo v ( b )
Bo v dng
Vi s trn, nu s dng bo v qu dng in thng thng thi gian

lm vic ca cc bo v c chn nh sau :
t2 = t4 = t5 + t
t1 = t3 = t2 + t
t = ( 0,3 0,5 )
Khi cc bo v 2 v 4 c trang b b phn nh hng cng sut i t
thanh gp vo ng dy th khng cn phi hp thi gian tc ng gia
BV5, v khi ngn mch trn D3 < N3, cc bo v 2 v 4 s khng lm vic.
Trong trng hp ny cc bo v 1 v 3 s phi hp thi gian trc tip vi
BVS.
V vy thi gian lm vic ca cc bo v ny s c gim i cn thi gian
t2 v t4 c th chn b ty .
Cch chn thi gian lm vic ca bo v c th hin bng hnh v sau :
Lp : 2-H1
n Mn Hc R Le
A
D1
C
D2
tb = 1s
A
D1
D3
tc = 1,5s
C
D3
D2
5
tc = 1,5s
tb = 1s
t
ta = 2,5s
tb = 2s
tc = 1,5s
tb = 1s
t5 = 0,5s
B
D1
D2
tb = 1s
D
D3
tc = 1,5s
t6 = 2s
t4 = t c = 1,5s
tb = 1s
t2 = 0,5s
Phi hp c tuyn thi gian ca bo v qu dng in c hng trong li

in c hai ngun cung cp.
Phm vi ng dng : bo v qu dng in c hng c s dng trong cc
mng kn c mt ngun cung cp, mng h c 2 ngun cung cp, cn i
vi cc mng phc tp nh mng kn c 2 ngun cung cp tr nn hoc
mng vng c mt ngun cung cp cho ng cho khng qua ngun th
khng th dng bo v ny c.
2.3. Bo v khong cch:
H1
10
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
- Nguyn tc tc ng:
Bo v dng cc i c hng v khng hng, vic chn thi gian theo
nguyn tc tng cp i khi qu ln. Trong mng vng c s ngun 2 hoc
mng vng c 1 ngun nhng c ng cho khng qua ngun th khng
m bo ct chn lc phn t h hng. V vy ta phi tm nguyn tc bo v
khc va m bo tc ng nhanh, va chn lc v c nhy i vi mng
phc tp. Mt trong cc bo v l bo v khong cch.
Bo v khong cch l loi bo v c b phn c bn l b phn o khong
cch lm nhim v xc nh tng tr t ch t bo v ti im ngn mch.
Thi gian lm vic ca bo v ph thuc vo quan h gia in p vo Rle,
dng vo Rle v gc lch pha gia chng. Thi gian ny t ng tng ln
khi khong cch tng t ch h hng n ch t bo v, bo v gn ch h
hng nht c thi gian lm vic b nht v th bo v khong cch v
nguyn tc m bo ct chn lc on h hng trong mng c cu hnh bt
k vi s ngun cung cp tu v thi gian lm vic tng i b.
-Nguyn l lm vic:
Trong trng hp chung, bo v khong cch c cc b phn chnh sau:
+ B phn khi ng: c nhim v khi ng bo v vo thi im pht
sinh s c, kt hp vi cc bo v khc lm bc bo v cui cng. B phn
khi ng thng c thc hin nh Rle dng cc i hoc Rle tng tr
cc tiu.
+ B phn khong cch: o khong cch t ch t bo v n im h
hng, thc hin nh Rle tng tr.
+ B phn to thi gian: to thi gian lm vic tng ng vi khong cch
n im h hng, c thc hin bng mt s Rle thi gian khi bo v c
c tnh thi gian nhiu cp.
+ B phn nh hng cng sut: trnh bo v tc ng nhm khi
hng cng sut ngn mch t ng dy c bo v i vo thanh gp ca
trm, c thc hin bng cc Rle nh hng cng sut ring bit hoc kt
hp trong b phn khi ng v khong cch.
2.4. Bo v dng in th t khng :

Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t ln:
Nhng mng c dng chm t ln l nhng mng c trung tnh ni
t trc tip. Nhng mng ny i hi bo v phi tc ng ct my ct khi
c ngn mch 1 pha.
S nguyn l ca bo v c trnh by nh hnh v sau:
H1
11
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
Ta thy bo v dng ba bin dng t 3 pha lm u vo cho 1 r le.

Dng vo r le bng:
IR = Ia + Ib + Ic
Ta c:
WS
Ia = (IA - IA). W
Nn:
WS
WS
IR = Ia + Ib + Ic = (IA + IB + IC). W - (IA + IB + IC). W

T
T
3I 0
Hay l: IR = n - Ikcb
i
WS
Vi: Ikcb = (IA + IB + IC). W : l thnh phn dng khng cn bng,

T
sinh ra do s khng ng nht ca cc BI.
S ch lm vic khi xy ra ngn mch 1 pha. Cn khi ngn mch
gia cc pha th bo v khng tc ng do thnh phn 3 I0 bng 0.
- Dng khi ng:
Dng khi ng c chn nh sau:
Ik Ikcbtt0
Tc l:
I kcbtt
IkR = kat. n , ni: t s bin ca BI

i
- Thi gian tc ng:
Thi gian lm vic ca bo v cng c chn theo nguyn tc tng
cp m bo tnh chn lc nhng ch p dng trong mng trung tnh ni
t trc tip.
Bo v chng ngn mch 1 pha c thi gian lm vic b hn so vi bo v
qu dng chng ngn mch gia cc pha v c nhy cao hn.
H1
12
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
- p dng: trong cc mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip.

Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t b:
- Nhim v: Bo v cho cc mng c trung tnh cch t, hoc ni t qua
cun dp h quang, thng p dng cho cc ng dy cp.
- S nguyn l:
V gi tr dng chm t b nn nhng bo v ni pha r le ton phn
khng th lm vic vi nhng dng chm t nh nh vy. Nn thc t
ngi ta phi dng cc b lc thnh phn th t khng nh hnh v sau:
?
?
?
?
?
iu kin bnh thng, ta c: IA + IB + IC = 0, t thng trong li thp
bng 0 v mch th cp khng c dng in nn I2 = 0, r le khng lm vic.
Khi xy ra chm t, c thnh phn 3I0 chy vo r le nn r le tc
ng.
- Dng khi ng:
Dng khi ng c xc nh theo iu kin chn lc, bo v khng c
tc ng khi chm t ngoi hng c bo v

H1
13
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
2.5.Bo v so lch dng in:

-Nhim v: lm bo v chnh cho cc ng dy, c bit l cc ng dy
quan trng, lm nhim v chng ngn mch.
- S nguyn l lm vic:
Vu
ng b?o v?
BI1
N1
BI2
IS1
IS2
N2
B
?I
IT1
RL
IT2
S nguyn l lm vic ca bo v so lch dng in c dng nh

sau:
Dng vo r le:
.
I R = I = I = I I , gi l dng so lch.
sl
T1
T2
Xt tnh trng lm vic bnh thng ca bo v. Gi s ngn mch ti

N1: dng ngn mch t A n. Ta c:
IS1 = IS2
IT1 = IT2
IR = 0 (trng hp l tng). R le khng tc ng.
Khi c ngn mch trong vng bo v N2. Ta c: IS1 IS2, nn IT1 IT2,
nn IR = IT1 IT2 0. Nu I >IK th r le tc ng.
- Dng khi ng:
bo v so lch lm vic ng ta phi chnh nh dng khi ng
ca bo v ln hn dng khng cn bng ln nht khi c ngn mch ngoi
vng bo v. Tc l: IK = k.Ikcbttmax
Trong :
Ikcbttmax = kn.kkck.fimax.INMNmax
Vi:
.

H1
14
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
kn: h s k ti s ng nht ca cc BI, bng 0 khi cc BI

cng loi, v c cng c tnh t ha, hon ton ging nhau, c dng ISC nh
nhau.
kn = 1 khi cc BI khc nhau nhiu nht, 1 b c sai s, 1 b
khng.
kkck: h s k n thnh phn khng chu k ca dng ngn mch
ngoi.
INMNmax: thnh phn chu k ca dng in ngn mch ngoi ln nht.
fimax = 0,1: sai s cc i cho php ca BI lm vic trong tnh trng n
nh.
- Vng tc ng:
Bo v so lch c vng tc ng c gii hn bi v tr t ca 2 t
BI u v cui ng dy c bo v, l loi bo v c tnh cht tc ng
chn lc tuyt i, khng c kh nng lm d phng cho cc bo v khc.

H1
15
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
B. Phn tnh ton:

A
MBA1
HT
110kV
MBA2
22kV
Cc thng s:
H thng: SNmax = 1500MVA; SNmin = 0,85 x SNmax; X0 = 0,8 x X1
Trm bin p: S = 2 x 20MVA; U1/U2 = 115/23; UK% = 11
ng dy:
Tng tr n
ng
Tng tr n
Di (km) Loi dy
v th t
dy
v th t thun
khng
1
5
AC-95
0,27 + j0,39
0,48 + j0,98
2
5
AC-95
0,27 + j0,39
0,48 + j0,98
ng dy 1: Ph ti c P = 5MW; cos = 0,85
ng dy 2: Ph ti c P = 2,5MW; cos = 0,85

H1
16
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
CHNG I : CHN MY BIN DNG

Chn t s bin i my bin dng BI1, BI2 dng cho bo v ng
dy D1, D2. Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI chn theo quy chun ly theo
gi tr ln. Dng th cp ly bng 1A.
I
Sdd
T s bin i ca my bin dng BI: ni = I
Tdd
Chn ISdd Ilvmax = Icb: dng in lm vic ln nht i qua BI
Chn ITdd = 1A
Dng in lm vic trn ng dy 2 l:
I 2lvmax = 1,4I pt2max = 1,4.
P2
3.U dm .cos 2
= 1,4.
2,5.10
3.23.0,85
= 103,362 A
hihDng in lm vic trn ng dy 1 l:

I1lvmax = 1,4I
= 1,4.
pt1max
P1
+ I 2lvmax = 1,4.
5.10 3
3.23.0,85
3.U dm .cos 1
+ I 2lvmax
+103,362 = 310,086 A
Sdd
T s ca my bin dng in: n i = I
vi ITd = 1A
Tdd
Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI1 l: I1 = 310,086A

H1
17
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
I
350
125
Sdd
T s bin dng: n 1 = I = 1
Tdd
Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI2 l: I2 = 103,362A
Sdd
T s bin dng: n 2 = I = 1
Tdd
CHNG II. TNH TON NGN MCH

2.1. V tr cc im ngn mch:
A
B
D
C
HT
N1
MBA1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6 N7
N8
N9
S2
S1
110kV
MBA2
22kV
Gi thit trong qu trnh tnh ton ngn mch ta b qua:

- Bo ho t
- Dung dn k sinh trn ng dy, in tr ca my bin p v c ng
dy
- nh hng ca ph ti
2.1.1. Cc i lng c bn:
H1
18
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
Tnh trong h n v tng i, gn ng ta chn:

Cng sut c bn: Scb = SmB = 20MVA
in p c bn: Ucb = Utb cc cp = 1,05Um i = (115; 23)
EHT = 1
2.1.2. in khng cc phn t:
H thng:
S Nmax = 1500 MVA
S Nmin = 0,85.S
Nmax
= 0,85.1500 = 1275 MVA
S 0HT = 0,8.S 1HT = 0,8.1500 = 1200 MVA
Gi tr in khng th t thun:
S
20
20
cb
=
= 0,0 133
Ch cc i: X1HTmax = S
1500
Nmax
cb
=
= 0,0157
Ch cc tiu: X1HTmin = S
12750
Nmin
Gi tr in khng th t khng:
Ch cc i: X 0HTmax = 0,8.X 1HTmax = 0,8.0,0133
Ch cc tiu: X 0HTmin = 0,8.X 1HTmin = 0,8. 0,0157
My bin p:
X B1 = X B2 =
= 0,0106
= 0,0126
U N % S cb
11 20
=
.
= 0,11
100 S dmB 100 20
ng dy:
Chia ng dy D1, D2 ln lt thnh 4 on bng nhau. Ta c:
Gi tr in khng th t thun:
S
1
1
20
X1 L1 cb2 = .0,39.5. 2 = 0,0184
4
U cb 4
23
S
1
1
20
= X 2 L 2 cb2 = .0,39.5. 2 = 0,0184
4
U cb 4
23
X1D11 = X 1D12 = X 1D13 = X 1D14 =

X1D21 = X1D22 = X1D23 = X 1D24
Gi tr in khng th t khng:
S
1
1
20
X 01 L1 cb2 = .0,98.5. 2 = 0,0463
4
U cb 4
23
S
1
1
20
= X 02 L 2 cb2 = .0,98.5. 2 = 0,0463
4
U cb 4
23
X 0D11 = X 0D12 = X 0D13 = X 0D14 =

X 0D21 = X 0D22 = X 0D23 = X 0D24
2.2. Tnh dng ngn mch ca mng in ch cc i:

tnh ton ch ngn mch khng i xng ta s dng phng php cc
thnh phn i xng. in p v dng in c chia thnh ba thnh phn:
thnh phn th t thun, thnh phn th t nghch v thnh phn th t
khng.
Ta c s thay th th t thun, nghch v khng:
H1
19
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
XB1
XD11
XHT
XD12
XD13
XD14
XD21
XD22
XD23
XD24
XB2
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
S1
S2
N6
N7
N8
N9
Xt cc im ngn mch:
Dng ngn mch th t thun ca mi dng ngn mch c tnh theo cng
thc:
I1(Nn ) =
X1
1
+ X ( n )
vi: X(n) l in khng ph ca loi ngn mch n.

Tr s dng in ngn mch tng ti cc pha c tnh theo cng thc:
I N( n ) = m.I 1(Nn )
Ta c bng tm tt sau:
Dng ngn
X (n)
mch
X2
+X0
N(1)
(2)
X
2
N
X2
(1,1)
//X 0
m (n )
3
3
3. 1
N(3)
0
Ngn mch mt pha chm t N(1):
X 2 . X0
( X2 + X 0 ) 2
1
I a0 = I a1
Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1): I a 0 = I a1. X
X 2
2 + X 0
Dng ngn mch th t khng ti im ngn mch l:

Ngn mch ti im N1:
S th t thun, nghch, khng:
XHT
XB
XHT
XB
N1
EHT
N1
I 0 = 3.I
a0
XHT
XB
N1
Ta c:

H1
20
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
1
X1
= X2
= X 1HT + X B = 0,0133 + .0,11 = 0,0683
2
1
X0
= X 0HT + X B = 0,0106 + .0,11 = 0,0656
Ngn mch ba pha chm t N(3):

I (3)
N1 =
E HT
1
=
= 14, 6413
X1
0,0758
Trong h n v c tn:
I (3)kA
= I (3)
N1
N1 .
S cb
20
= 14,6413.
3.U cb
3.23
= 7, 3506
kA
Ngn mch 2 pha vi nhau N(2) :

Dng ngn mch th t thun :
Dng ngn mch ca pha s c
I(2)
N1 = 3.
E HT
1
= 3.
x1 +X 2
0,0683 + 0,0683 =12,6797
n v c tn :
I(2)kA
N1 =I N1.
Scb
20
=12,6797.
= 6,3658
3.U cb
3.23

Ta c: X = X 2 + X 0 = 0,0683 + 0,0656
S phc hp rt gn nh sau:
Xt
EHT
Vi:
= 0,1339
N1
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,0683 + 0,1339 = 0,2 022
(1)
(1)
(1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,2022 = 4,9456
td
Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:
(1)
I (1)kA
= m (1) .I 1N1
.
N1
S cb
3.U cb
= 3.4,4956.
20
3.23
= 7, 4487
kA
Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l:

20
= 7,4487
3.23
I (1)kA
= 3.I (1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb = 3.4,956.
kA
Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1):

Ta c:
X =
X2
X2
.X 0
0,0683.0,0 656
=
= 0,0 335
+ X0
0,0683 + 0,0656
m (1,1) = 3. 1

H1
X2
(X 2
.X 0
+X 0
21
= 3. 1
0,0683.0,0 656
(0,0683 + 0,0656)
= 1,5
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
Xt
N1
EHT
Vi:
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,0683 + 0,0335 = 0,1018
(1,1)
(1,1)
(1,1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,1018 = 9,8232
td
20
(1,1)
= 7,4008 kA
I (1,1)kA
= m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb = 1,5.9,8232 .
N1
3.23
Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn:

I (1,1)kA
= 3.I (1,1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb .
X2
X2
+X0
20
0,0683
= 7,5495
0,0683
+ 0,0656
3.23
= 3.9,8232.
kA
Khi ngn mch ti im N1 th khng c dng qua BI.

b. Ngn mch ti im N2:
X1
N2
EHT
XHT
X2
N2
N1
Ta c:
1
X1
= X2
= X 1HT + X B + X 1D11 = 0,0133 + .0,11 + 0,0184 = 0,0867
2
1
X0
= X 0HT + X B + X 0D11 = 0,0106 + .0,125 + 0,0463 = 0,1119

I (3)
N1 =
E HT
1
=
= 11,534
X1
0,0867
Trong h n v c tn:
I (3)kA
= I (3)
N1
N1 .
S cb
3.U cb
= 11,534.

Ta c: X = X 2 + X 0 = 0,0867 + 0,1119

H1
20
3.23
= 5,790 6
kA
= 0,1986
22
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
Xt
N2
EHT
Vi:
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,0867 + 0,1986 = 0,2853
(1)
(1)
(1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,2853 = 3,5051
td
(1)
I (1)kA
= m (1) .I 1N1
.
N1
S cb
3.U cb
20
= 3.3,5051.
3.23
= 5,2791
kA

20
= 5, 2791
3.23
I (1)kA
= 3.I (1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb = 3.3,5051.
kA

Ta c:
X =
X2
X2
.X 0
0,0867.0,1 119
=
= 0,0489
+ X0
0,0867 + 0,1119
m (1,1) = 3. 1
X2
(X 2
.X 0
+X 0
= 3. 1
0,0867.0,1 119
(0,0867 + 0,1119)
= 1,504
Xt
N2
EHT
Vi:
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,0867 + 0,0489 = 0,1356
(1,1)
(1,1)
(1,1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,1356 = 7,3746
td
20
(1,1)
= 5,5705 kA
I (1,1)kA
= m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb = 1,504 .7,3746 .
N1
3.23

I (1,1)kA
= 3.I (1,1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb .
X2
X2
+X0
= 3.7,3746 .
20
0,0867
= 4,8507
3.23 0,0867 + 0,1119
.
kA

H1
23
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
N3: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+2.X1D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+2.X0D11
N4: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+3.X1D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+3.X0D11
N5: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+4.X1D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+4.X0D11
N6: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+5.X1D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+5.X0D11
N7: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11
N8: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11+1.X1D21
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11+1.X0D21
N9: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11+2.X1D21
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11+2.X0D21
Tnh ton tng t vi cc im ngn mch cn li ta c bng tng kt sau:
N1
X 1
X 0
0,068
0,065
)kA
I (3
N
)kA
I (2
N
)kA
I (1
N
,1)kA
I (1
N
7,350
6,365
7,448
7,400

H1
24
)kA
I (1
0N
,1)kA
I (1
0N
7,4487 7,549
max
IO
N
7,549
Lp : 2-
ax
Im
N
7,4487
n Mn Hc R Le
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
6
0,111
9
0,158
2
0,204
5
0,250
8
0,297
1
0,343
4
0,389
7
0,436
6
5,790
6
4,776
8
4,065
1
8
5,014
8
4,136
8
3,520
5
3,538
3,064
3,131
9
2,809
4
2,547
2
2,329
7
2,712
3
2,433
2,205
9
2,017
6
7
5,279
1
4,088
3
3,335
8
2,817
3
2,438
3
2,149
2
1,921
3
1,737
2
8
5,570
5
4,506
2
3,793
9
3,279
9
2,890
1
2,583
9
2,336
8
2,133
1
5,2791
4,0883
3,3358
2,8173
2,4383
2,1492
1,9213
1,7372
5
4,850
7
3,573
3
2,828
4
2,340
5
1,996
2
1,740
2
1,542
4
1,384
9
5
5,279
1
4,088
3
3,335
8
2,817
3
2,438
3
2,149
2
1,921
3
1,737
2
th dng in ngn mch ch ph ti cc i:

th dng cc i ch d ph ti cc i
I (A)
N2
3
0,086
7
0,105
1
0,123
5
0,141
9
0,160
3
0,178
7
0,197
1
0,215
5
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
Imax0N kA
ImaxN kA
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
2.3. Tnh dng ngn mch ca mng in ch ph ti cc tiu:

Ta c s thay th th t thun, nghch v khng:

H1
25
Lp : 2-
5,7906
4,7768
4,0651
3,538
3,1319
2,8094
2,5472
2,3297
n Mn Hc R Le
XHT
XB1
XD11
N1
XD12
N2
XD13
N3
XD14
N4
XD21
N5
S1
XD22
XD23
XD24
S2
N6
N7
N8
N9
a.
ti im
N1: khng:
SNgn
thmch
t thun,
nghch,
XHT
XB
XHT
N1
EHT
XHT
XB
N1
XB
N1
Ta c:
X1
= X2
= X 1HT + X B = 0,0157 + 0,11 = 0,1257
X0
= X 0HT + X B = 0,0126 + 0,11 = 0,1226

I (3)
N1 =
E HT
1
=
= 7,9554
X1
0,1257
Trong h n v c tn:
I (3)kA
= I (3)
N1
N1 .
S cb
3.U cb
= 7,9554.
20
3.23
= 3,994
kA
Ngn mch 2 pha vi nhau N(2) :

Dng ngn mch th t thun :
Dng ngn mch ca pha s c
I(2)
N1 = 3.
E HT
1
= 3.
X1 +X 2
0,1257 + 0,1257 = 6,8896
n v c tn :
I(2)kA
N1 =I N2 .
Scb
20
=6,8896.
= 3,4589
3.U cb
3.23

Ta c: X = X 2 + X 0 = 0,1257 + 0,1226
Xt
EHT
Vi:
= 0,2483
N1
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,1257 + 0,2483 = 0,374

H1
26
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
E
(1)
(1)
(1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,374 = 2,6738
td
S cb
(1)
I (1)kA
= m (1) .I 1N1
.
N1
3.U cb
20
= 3.2, 6738 .
3.23
= 4,0271
kA

20
= 4,0271
3.23
I (1)kA
= 3.I (1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb = 3.2,6738 .
kA

Ta c:
X =
X2
X2
.X 0
0,1257 .0,1226
=
= 0,0621
+ X0
0,1257 + 0,1226
m (1,1) = 3. 1
X2
(X 2
.X 0
+X 0
= 3. 1
0,1257 .0,1226
= 1,5
(0,1257 + 0,1226 ) 2
Xt
N1
EHT
Vi:
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,1257 + 0,0621 = 0,1878
(1,1)
(1,1)
(1,1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,1878 = 5,3248
td
20
(1,1)
= 4,0108 kA
I (1,1)kA
= m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb = 1,5.5,3248 .
N1
3.23

I (1,1)kA
= 3.I (1,1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb .
X2
X2
+X0
= 3. 5,3248 .
20
0,1257
= 4,0607
3.23 0,1257 + 0,1226
.
kA
Khi ngn mch ti im N1 th khng c dng qua BI.

b. Ngn mch ti im N2:
X1
EHT
N2
XHT
X2
N2
N1
Ta c:

H1
27
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
X1
= X2
= X 1HT + X B1 + X 1D11 = 0,0157 + 0,11 + 0,0184 = 0,1441
X0
= X 0HT + X B1 + X 0D11 = 0,0126 + 0,11 + 0,0463 = 0,1689

I (3)
N1 =
E HT
1
=
= 6,9396
X1
0,1441
Trong h n v c tn:
I (3)kA
= I (3)
N1
N1 .
S cb
3.U cb

Ta c: X = X 2 + X 0 = 0,1441 + 0,1689
Xt
3.23
= 3,484
kA
= 0,313
N2
EHT
Vi:
20
= 6,9396 .
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,1441 + 0,313 = 0,4571
(1)
(1)
(1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,4571 = 2,1877
td
(1)
I (1)kA
= m (1) .I 1N1
.
N1
S cb
3.U cb
= 3.2,1877 .
20
3.23
= 3,295 kA

20
= 3,295
3.23
I (1)kA
= 3.I (1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb = 3.2, 1877 .
kA

Ta c:
X =
X2
X2
.X 0
+ X0
0,1441 .0,1689
= 0,0778
0,1441 + 0,1689
m (1,1) = 3. 1
X2
(X 2
.X 0
+X 0
= 3. 1
0,1441 .0,1689
= 1,5016
(0,1441 + 0,1689 ) 2
Xt
EHT
Vi:
N2
X td = X 1
+ X = 0,1441 + 0,0778 = 0,2219
(1,1)
(1,1)
(1,1)
HT
Li c: I1N1 = I 2N1 = I 0N1 = X = 0,2219 = 4,5065
td
20
(1,1)
= 3,3979 kA
I (1,1)kA
= m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb = 1,5016 .4,5065 .
N1
3.23

H1
28
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le

I (1,1)kA
= 3.I (1,1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb .
X2
X2
+X0
= 3.4 ,5065 .
N3: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+2.X1D11
N4: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+3.X1D11
N5: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+4.X1D11
N6: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+5.X1D11
N7: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11
N8: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11+1.X1D21
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11+1.X0D21
N9: X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+6.X1D11+2.X1D21
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11+2.X0D21
H1
29
20
0,1441
= 3,1254
0
,
1441
+ 0,1689
3.23
.
kA
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+2.X0D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+3.X0D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+4.X0D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+5.X0D11
X0=X0HT+XB12/2+6.X0D11
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
c. Tnh ton tng t vi cc im ngn mch cn li ta c bng sau:

X 1
X 0
)kA
I (3
N
)kA
I (2
N
)kA
I (1
N
I (1,1)kA
N
0,125 0,122
3,458 4,027 4,010
3,994
7
6
9
1
8
0,144 0,168
3,017
3,397
N2
3,484
3,295
1
9
2
9
0,162 0,215 3,089 2,675 2,788 2,961
N3
5
2
5
6
1
8
0,180 0,261 2,775 2,403 2,416 2,630
N4
9
5
3
4
4
8
0,199 0,307
2,181 2,132 2,369
N5
2,519
3
8
5
1
2
0,217 0,354 2,306 1,997 1,907 2,156
N6
7
1
1
2
7
4
0,236 0,400 2,126 1,841
1,979
N7
1,726
1
4
4
5
6
0,254 0,446 1,972 1,708 1,575
N8
1,83
5
7
7
4
9
0,272
1,839 1,593 1,449 1,701
N9
0,493
9
7
2
9
8
th dng in ngn mch ch ph ti cc tiu:
N1
)kA
I (1
0N
I (1,1)kA
0N
4,027
1
4,060
7
3,125
4
2,540
3
2,139
7
1,848
2
1,626
7
1,452
5
1,312
1
1,196
4
3,295
2,788
1
2,416
4
2,132
1
1,907
7
1,726
1,575
9
1,449
9
I (A)
th dng ngn mch ch d cc tiu

5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Imin0N kA
IminN kA
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9
CHNG III
H1
30
Lp : 2-
max
IO
N
in
Im
N
4,060
7
4,0271
3,295
3,484
2,788
1
2,416
4
2,132
1
1,907
7
1,726
1,575
9
1,449
9
3,0895
2,7753
2,519
2,3061
2,1264
1,9727
1,8397
n Mn Hc R Le
TNH TON CC THNG S CA BO V NG

3.1. Bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50):
Dng in khi ng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
I kd = k at .I Nngmax
Trong : kat - h s an ton, ly kat = 1,2

INngmax - dng ngn mch ngoi cc i
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy
L2 l:
I 50
= 2,7016 kA
kd = k at .I N9ngmax = 1,2.2,2513

L1 l:
I 50
= 4,0325 kA
kd = k at .I N5ngmax = 1,2.3,3604
3.2. Bo v qu dng th t khng ct nhanh (50N):

Dng khi ng c chn theo cng thc sau:
I 50N
= k at .I 0Nngmax
kd
Trong : I0Nngmax - dng ngn mch ngoi th t khng cc i.

L2 l:
I 50N
= k at .I 0N9ngmax = 1,2.1,6932 = 2,0318 kA
kd

L1 l:
I 50N
= k at .I 0N5ngmax = 1,2.2,7035 = 3,2442 kA
kd
3.3. Bo v qu dng c thi gian (51):

Dng bo v qu dng c thi gian c la chn theo cng thc sau:
I kd =
k at .k mm
I lvmax
k tv
Trong : kat - h s an ton, kat = 1,2.

kmm - h s m my ca cc ph ti ng c c dng in chy
qua ch t bo v, kmm = 1,2.
ktv - h s tr v, ktv =0,95.
Ilvmax - dng in lm vic ln nht trn ng dy L1, L2.
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng c thi gian trn on ng
dy L1 l:
I 51
kd1 =
1,2.1,2
.310,086 = 470,025 A = 0,47 kA
0,95

H1
31
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le

L2 l:
I 51
kd2 =
1,2.1,2
.103,362 = 156,675 A = 0,1567 kA
0,95
Chn thi gian lm vic ca bo v:

c tnh thi gian ca bo v:
t=
0,14
TP , s
I
1
0,02
*
vi
I* =
I
I kd
3.3.1. Ch ph ti cc i:
ng dy L2:
Xt im ngn mch N9: IN9 = 2,3297 kA
I* =
I N9 2,3297
=
= 14,867
0,1567
I 51
kd2
t 92 = t pt2 + t = 0,75 + 0,3 = 1,05 s
Tp2 =
I *0,02 1 9 14,867 0,02 1

.t 2 =
.1,05 = 0,416 s
0,14
0,14

I* =
I N8 2,5472
=
= 16,2553
0,1567
I 51
kd2
t 82 =
0,14
.0,4106 = 1,0155 s
15,6592 0,02 1
Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch cn li trn ng dy L2

ta c bng:
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
INmax,
3,538
3,1319
2,8094
2,5472
2,3297
kA
t2, s
0,9054
0,9434
0,98
1,0155
1,05
ng dy L1:
Thi gian bo v lm vic ti im N5 trn ng dy L1 l:
t 15 = max{t 52 , t pt1 } + t

I* =
I N5 3,538
=
= 7,5277
0,47
I 51
kd1
t pt1 = 0,5 s
t 15 = max0{0,9054;0,5} + 0,3 = 1,2054

Tp1 =
I *0,02 1 5 7,5277 0,02 1

.t 2 =
.1,2054 = 0,3547 s
0,14
0,14

H1
32
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
I* =
I N4 4,4061
=
= 9,3747
0,47
I 51
kd1
t 14 =
0,14
.0,3547 = 1,0848 s
9,3747 0,02 1
Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch cn li trn ng dy L1 ta c

bng:
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
INmax,
7,3506
5,7906
4,7768
4,061
3,538
kA
t1, s
0,8783
0,9641
1,0461
1,0848
1,2054
3.3.2. Ch ph ti cc tiu:
ng dy L2:
I* =
I N9 1,8379
=
= 11,728
0,1567
I 51
kd2
t 92 = t pt2 + t = 0,7 5 + 0,3 = 1,05 ( s )
Tp2 =
I *0,02 1 9 11,728 0,02 1

.t 2 =
.1,05 = 0,3785 s
0,14
0,14

I* =
I N8 1,8629
=
= 11,8883
0,1567
I 51
kd2
t 82 =
0,14
.0,3703 = 1,0214 s
11,8883 0,02 1
Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch cn li trn ng dy L2

ta c bng:
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
INmax,
2,519
2,3061
2,1264
1,9727
1,8397
kA
t2, s
0,9277
0,9591
0,9897
1,0198
1,05
ng dy L1:
Thi gian bo v lm vic ti im N5 trn ng dy L1 l:
t 15 = max{t 52 , t pt1 } + t

I* =
I N5 2,519
=
= 5,3596
0,47
I 51
kd1
t pt1 = 0,5( s )
t 15 = max0{0,9277;0,5} + 0,3 = 1,2277

Tp1 =
I *0,02 1 5 5,3596 0,02 1

.t 2 =
.1,2277 = 0,2995 s
0,14
0,14

H1
33
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le

I* =
I N4 2,7753
=
= 5,9049
0,47
I 51
kd1
t 14 =
0,14
.0,2995 = 1,1661 s
5,9049 0,02 1
Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch cn li trn ng dy L1 ta c

bng:
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
INmax,
3,994
3,484
3,0895
2,7753
2,519
kA
t1, s
0,9589
1,0258
1,0925
1,1598
1,2277
3.4. Bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian (51N):
Tr s dng in khi ng ca bo v qu dng th t khng c thi
gian c la chn theo cng thc:
I kd = k 0 .I ddBI
Trong : k0 - h s chnh nh, k=0,2.

IddBI - dng in danh nh BI.
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian trn
ng dy L2:
I 51N
kd2 = 0,2.125 = 25 A
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian trn

ng dy L1:
I 51N
kd1 = 0,2.350 = 70 A
ng c tnh thi gian lm vic ca bo v th t khng:

Thi gian lm vic ca bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian
chn lc theo c tnh c lp:
t 02 = t pt2 + t = 0,75 + 0,3 = 1,05 s
t 01 = max { t pt1 ; t 02 } + t = max { 0,5;1,05 } + 0,3 = 1,05 + 0,3 = 1,35 s

H1
34
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
CHNG IV.
XC NH VNG BO V CT NHANH V VNG BO V
4.1. Xc nh vng bo v ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh:

4.1.1. Bo v ct nhanh dng pha:
Ta xc nh theo phng php hnh hc nh sau:

H1
35
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Ik1
Ik2
ImaxN kA
IminN kA
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9
Ch cc i:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 4 km tng ng vi 40 % ng dy.
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 7,125km tng ng vi 71,25% ng dy.
Ch cc tiu:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 0 km khng bo v cho ng dy 1
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 1,95 km tng ng vi 19,5 % ng dy
4.1.2. Bo v ct nhanh th t khng:

Ta xc nh theo phng php hnh hc nh sau:

H1
36
Lp : 2-
n Mn Hc R Le
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Ik1
Ik2
Imin0N kA
Imax0N kA
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9
Ch cc i:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 4,1 km tng ng vi 41 % ng dy.
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 7,85km tng ng vi 78,5% ng dy.
Ch cc tiu:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 0 km khng bo v cho ng dy.
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 3,05 tng ng vi 30,5% ng dy.
4.2. Kim tra nhy ca bo v:
Bo v c xc nh theo cng thc:
kN =
I N min
I kd
vi iu kin
k N 1,5
i vi bo v t trn ng dy 1:
I N 5 min 2,519
=
= 5,3596
0,47
I kd511
I
2,519
= N515 min
=
= 35,9857
N
0,07
I kd 1
k N511 =
k N511N
i vi bo v t trn ng dy 2:
I N 5 min
2,519
=
= 16,0753
51
0,1567
I kd 1
I
2,519
= N515 min
=
= 83,9667
N
0,03
I kd 1
k N511 =
k N511N
Vy cc bo v u tho mn nhy.
H1
37
Lp : 2-

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n Mn Hc R Le

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

ngn nga s pht sinh s c v s pht trin ca chng, ta c th

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

tra v tp hp nhng trng thi vn hnh v tnh hung bt thng c th dn

i vi li in phn phi thng s dng cc bo v c chn lc tng

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

CHNG II : NGUYN L LM VIC CA CC BO V HC

Trong : tn - thi gian t ca cp bo v th n ang xt.

tn-1 - thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v ca cp bo v ng trc

Trong : kat - h s an ton, m bo cho bo v khng ct nhm khi c

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

H s nhy l t s dng qua bo v khi c ngn mch trc tip cui

Trong : kat - h s an ton, tnh n nh hng ca sai s do tnh ngn

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

2.2. Bo v dng in c hng:

gp c t BU cung cp cho bo v, bo v s tc ng khi dng in vt

Vi s trn, nu s dng bo v qu dng in thng thng thi gian

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

Phi hp c tuyn thi gian ca bo v qu dng in c hng trong li

2.4. Bo v dng in th t khng :

Ta thy bo v dng ba bin dng t 3 pha lm u vo cho 1 r le.

IR = Ia + Ib + Ic = (IA + IB + IC). W - (IA + IB + IC). W

Vi: Ikcb = (IA + IB + IC). W : l thnh phn dng khng cn bng,

IkR = kat. n , ni: t s bin ca BI

- p dng: trong cc mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip.

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

2.5.Bo v so lch dng in:

S nguyn l lm vic ca bo v so lch dng in c dng nh

Xt tnh trng lm vic bnh thng ca bo v. Gi s ngn mch ti

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

kn: h s k ti s ng nht ca cc BI, bng 0 khi cc BI

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

B. Phn tnh ton:

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

CHNG I : CHN MY BIN DNG

I 2lvmax = 1,4I pt2max = 1,4.

hihDng in lm vic trn ng dy 1 l:

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

CHNG II. TNH TON NGN MCH

Gi thit trong qu trnh tnh ton ngn mch ta b qua:

Tnh trong h n v tng i, gn ng ta chn:

= 0,85.1500 = 1275 MVA

S 0HT = 0,8.S 1HT = 0,8.1500 = 1200 MVA

X1D11 = X 1D12 = X 1D13 = X 1D14 =

X 0D11 = X 0D12 = X 0D13 = X 0D14 =

2.2. Tnh dng ngn mch ca mng in ch cc i:

vi: X(n) l in khng ph ca loi ngn mch n.

Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1): I a 0 = I a1. X

Dng ngn mch th t khng ti im ngn mch l:

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

Ngn mch ba pha chm t N(3):

Ngn mch 2 pha vi nhau N(2) :

Ngn mch mt pha chm t N(1):

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l:

Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1):

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn:

Khi ngn mch ti im N1 th khng c dng qua BI.

Ngn mch ba pha chm t N(3):

Ngn mch mt pha chm t N(1):

Sinh Vin : Nguyn Huy Thanh

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l: