z

Bi tp thy lc i cng

c
Y




 


 

 
 

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


c




H v tn: Nguyn Thnh Trung
Lp: 53CG2
MSSV: 2461.53

Bi tp chng 2: Thy tnh hc

c: Theo bi ra ta c s nh hnh v:

t ti im A l:

    

   

t ti im B l:

!y (1) (2) ta c chnh p sut ti A v B

Mt khc ta li c:
Vy ta suy ra c:



         

  
   ;    
 



       

Du - ngha l 

    



3
a









 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 2.11 :
Xt p sut d ti 2 im A v A thuc
cng
1 mt ng p 0-0:



  

Vi:

T ta c

  

   
  

 

    



!!



Hay 
"

Theo hnh v trn ta c:


  

 
  #
$ !!

%&'
 $ "
Bi 2-12 (28)

p sut d ti im A c tnh bi:

()
*    

Xt p sut d ti 2 im C v C thuc cng 1 mt ng p 0-0:

+
+

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


M: +
,  

 ()
      

 ()
# $  -## 
.-

Hay : 

()
#&0

/
"

Bi 2-23:

Ta tnh cao trng tm ca tit din ca van:

*
 

12
  %
$

 

$

 "




Xt p lc do khi nc c cao h1 gy ra ln ca van:



Ta c:

* 3 
* 45  6 
* 7
 
--/

8 9
 6:  


Nu ta chn trc Oz nm nghing theo m t vi hng nh hnh v, im O nm ti

mt thng lu th v tr ca im t lc P1 s tnh theo cng th c:
;<
* 

3
a





=>
3 *



 

 
 

c
Y




 


Vi 

=>

T ta c :

?%@ 6 15@



.$ "A 



;<
 
Xt p lc do khi nc c cao h2 gy ra:

.$

B 

 . "

cao trng tm phn tip xc vi nc ca ca van l:



 * C
   



 * D
#"

Din tch mt tip xc vi nc l:

3
9D 6
EBF 6
B  
 . "

Do ta c:


* D 3D 
-##  .
--#. /

im t lc l: (xt trong h trc Oz)

;<
* D 

=> D

# "
3D * D

Trong h trc Oz th im D c ta :

;<C
#  E$B  BF
$.. "

Vy t ta c c p lc ca ton b nc tc dng ln ca van l:

ln:

G   G
## H I # JH

im t lc c xc nh theo phng ph p xc nh im t khi c hp lc 2 lc song song:

Khong cch gia 2 im t D v D l:


G;<  ;<C G
G.  $..G


 "

Gi a l khong cch t D n im t G ca hp lc
P v b l khong cch t D n im t G ca hp lc P.
Ta lp c h phng trnh sau t phng trnh cn b ng
moment quanh O
K  6
!
--#.
K


6 --

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Gii ra ta c:

K
##-"
6
#"

T ta xc inh c im t G ca hp lc P cch O mt on:

L
$..  ##-
$ "

Bi 2-24:

Xt p lc P1 do khi nc thng lu gy ra
Chn trc AZ nh hnh v
Din tch phn nc tip xc vi nc l:
Trng tm c cao: *
 
p lc:

PQ


3  *  

 

im t:

3
  6E6M 6N7N O K6
NOF

PQ 


 6 

;< 
+ 

ST

UQ PV

PQ


PQ RPQ



@

T ta suy ra khong cch gia D v O l:


W
G   X  ;< G
G   XG


3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Xt tng t cho khi nc h lu ta c:


3  *  

;< 
+ 

Khong cch gia D v O l:

  6 



=+



3 *  


W
G   X  ;<  G
Y   XY


Xt iu kin cn bng momen quanh O:

Van bt u m khi:   W Z   W

P  R


P  R



 W Z

 W

 G   XG Z

[ @


PQ  R

G # -  XG

@

Gii phng trnh trn ta suy c gi tr ca

PQ  R


 @


 G   XG

G   XG
@

X
#.$-"

Bi 2.27:

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Nhn trn hnh v ta c nhn xt rng h c xu hng quay quanh i m K ( nm chn ca tr

chng). Do vy h cn bng th lc P do nc tc dng vo thnh van ph i c phng i qua K
hay im D chnh l i m t lc ca P
Chon trc ta Oz nh hnh v:
Ta im t lc P c tnh theo cng th c:
;
;+ 
Vi:

3 l phn din tch phn mt tip xc vi nc.

3
4\ 6

=>
3 ;*

9
6
]^_ `#a

=> : l moment qun tnh c a mt tit din tip xc vi nc

=>

R bc


dec
[B@

+ M l cao ca trng tm tit din tnh t mt thong

T ta suy ra:

;+

;
;+ 

9
 ]^_`#a

(1)

@B@

Mt khc theo hnh v ta thy:

4]

;
4]  ]g

]g
#k!

hij`@a

;

hij @

 #
# 

T (1) v (2) ta suy ra gi tr ca H=1,04(m)

3 +  

Ta tnh c ln ca P l:

(2)

B@

hij @

P=24503,9 (N) = 24.3 (kN)

6 


Bi 2.39:

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


c
Bi 3-26:

Chn mt O-O l mt phng chun so snh:

Vit phng trnh Becnulli cho m t ct ti 2-2 v 3-3 vi gi tr p sut d ta c:
; 

@l m@ n@ 
l mn 


;@ 

 o





pp ;
9ql
#qn
#qm
m
q;@

Ta c th b qua gi tr tn tht ct nc s
#

r


D2/2 rt nh nn ta c th b qua

9##

Vit PT nh lut Becnulli cho 1-1 v 4-4 ta c:
; 

l mn 
Al mA nA 


;A 

 o





 # 
Thay (2) vo (1):

3
a





n@  @l

 



Al nA 
l n 


#

 # 







 

 
 

c
Y




 


9#

n  nA  l
n@ 









 n@
t
9 
Vi v 4 v v1 l:
nA

Ta c :  n@
$ "|z

n

l
u  nA   n   v


"
# 
w



. y {
z
3A x #

w
"
# 



- y {



3 x #
z
c

Vy lu lng nc clo trong ng l: w@
n@  3@
###.$ y

2) Lu lng nc Clo trong ng l 0.5 l/s

n@
nA

T (*) ta c:

"
# $ #~@
w


 
 # y {
z
3@ x# #$

n@ 
79 

nA   n 
l
: 




 n@ 

9 

l
u  nA   n 


 nA 
n@   
9 

 3A

3)

"
 nA
 -. y {
z

wi

. ~@ " 
nA

x r 

. ~@  r
# "


ni
n@

# "

"
n
- y {
z
nA

l
u  n 


vA

# v 

 "|z
x #

T (*) ta c:

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


n@ 

9 
9

l
u  nA   n 


 l   n  n@  nA 

- "
 

Bi 3.27:

Chn mt chun 0-0 nh hnh v

Vit phng trnh Becnulli cho m t ct ti 1-1 v 2-2 vi gi tr p tuyt i ta c:
; 

 m n 
 mn 


;  
 o





 9 



 #
9 
 #  o



 s
9  9
  $
"O7NO

M: o
    l
!




Q  


  


; 
#$ ^nnN 

l
#"

; 
 ^nnN 

T ta c c gi tr ca v:


  n    n 

 #
 




3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 3.35:

Chn mt chun 0-0 l mt i qua y di ca van x nh hnh v :

Vit phng trnh Becnulli cho m t ct ti 1-1 v 3-3 vi gi tr p sut tuyt i ta c:
; 

n

n

w

$ "|z
3

 m n
@ m@ n@ 


;@  





W


 n



#




w

 "|z
3

T ta c:

Vy: 

  
n 

W


   
#.&0


#.&0

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 3.36:
Vit phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt
ct 2-2 v 3-3 vi mt phng so snh l mt
0-0 nh hnh v :
; 

@ m@n@ 
 m n 


;@  
 ~@





Vi cc gi tr: 
q ;
9q n
#q
;@
#q @
 q
n@

w
w
 v  v #~@





#. "|z
3 xr  x v $# v #~@ 

Tn tht ct p s bng tng cc tn tht dc ng v cc b:

l
v (do tn tht dc ng t l vi chiu di)
m
m@


9

n@
 o  v   




~@
o  l


n@ 
 o $  #.  #$


v
-





Vit phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 2-2 v 1-1 vi mt phng so snh l mt 0-0:
; 

 m n
 m n


;  
 ~





9

X

V ng o p

3
a





  n@ 


 o  v X




n@ 
l   



9
 o  v X



X

l
n 
 9  @  o



# v -##
#.
 $ 
 #$
 v -
-#

 "




 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 3.39:

Chn mt O-O l mt phng chun so snh:

Vit phng trnh Becnulli cho m t ct ti 1-1 v 2-2 vi gi tr p tuyt i ta c:
; 

 mn 
 m n 


;  
 o





 ; 
T ng o p ta c phng trnh:

3
a





 mn 
 m n


;  
#







Q



 

 
 

c
Y




 


    ;  ;    ;

   ;

   

  ;   ;  ;    ;

   

  ;  ;  ;    

;    
  

;  ;  



  



;  ;   ;
 
u 



Thay (2) vo (1) ta suy ra c:

n   n 
  

;  ;  



 ;  ;   ;
 

 ;
 

n   n 

u
;  ;  



n   n 
u




 n 

 

 n
t
 

Vi: n
U
U
$ y } {


 n
t
 


u  n 



u  n 


!

u  n 
. y {
_


Lu lng nc l:
w
w
n 3
##. 7
W
w
.
u
z

3
a





"@
:
z



 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 3-41:

Chn mt phng chun O-O nh hnh v

Vit phng trnh Becnulli cho m t ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi p sut d:

n  l
n 
l
 ; 


 ; 




 #   

n 
n 

#   



n 
n 
:
 



 
7 

Phng trnh lin t c p dng cho knh ti on u v on thu hp;

w
n  6
n  6

 

Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:

n 6
 
n 6

n 
n 
n 6
:

7 


n 6

 7 

n 
n 
w
:



n 6 

 6 n @   7 

n 
: 6 n  w
#


Sau khi thay s vo v gii ra ta c gi tr ca v2 l:

"
n
#.$. y {
z

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


 


w



- "
n 6 #.$. v 

Bi 3.46:

Phng trnh ng lng cho on dng chy c gii hn bi 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 i vi trc
chiu s nm ngang hng t tri sang phi:
}
 w mi  n}  mi  n} 

mi
mi

Coi:

 }
 w n  n 

Lc ngoi gm c:

Lc khi trng lng ca on dng chy l G tuy nhin G s = 0

Lc mt:
Lc ma st trn thnh ng. Tuy nhin ta ch xt 1 phn ng ngn nn coi l c ma st l nh
nn c th b qua
p lc nc xung quanh tc ng ln mt ng 1-1 v 2-2:  

 3


 3

Phng trnh inh lu t Becnuli cho 2 mt 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt O-O l mt chun:

; 


l n 
l n 


; 

 ~





n  l
n    n 
l
 ; 


 ; 







Tuy nhin do Q v 3 l khng i nn:

3
a





n
n
n



 

 
 

c
Y




 


Vit li phng trnh trn ta c :

 n  n   n 





 

 
   

Goi phn lc ca van tc ng vo dng nc l R

}
   

Ta c:

 w n  n 
   3 


w n  n  


n

3
K6

  n 
3 g^n
n 


  n 





Gi tr R = gi tr p lc tc dng ln ca van:
Vi:

  n 



 


p dng thay s: P=112.5 (kN)


! "#$%&'()*+
Bi 4-14:
S

Vi nc c nhit
#] 
##k! |z

Vy ta c

@ 

 @

#### #

Vy nc chy ri
Chiu dy ca lp mng st thnh
,

Ta thy:

3
a





 r



  ##

 !!
####
, L



 

 
 

c
Y




 


Nn nc chy ri trong khu thnh trn th y lc

Bi 4-20:
Tn tht dc ng hd tnh theo cng th c Darcy:
l

W n

. "
r

Ta gi s rng nc trong ng chy khu sc cn bnh phng



|

Ta tnh C theo cng th c Maninh:

Vi


A

N I ##$

T ta c :

 $ !!

(tra bng vi ng thng)

Mt khc ta c:



$ v #~@ |
$# " |z

t



-


v

##

O
$#

Thay vo cng thc hd:

l
## v



v

v
c

v[

. "  n
# y {


}

Vi  n
# "|z ta kim tra li iu kin chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phng
Ta kim tra li iu kin chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phng

,

Vy gi thit ng.

nr

$. ###  O#Np

r



#. !!  L
$""

Lu lng nc chy qua l:

w
n 3
#

3
a





x $#~@
##. "@ |z




 

 
 

c
Y




 


Bi 4.26:

Vit

phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt 2-2:
; 

Tn tht dc ng:

 mn 
 m n


;  
 ~




 9  #  #
#  #  #  ~
 9
~
lQ  *  *

(~

Ta xt: 

Vy nc chy ri
Xt:

,

W n
r

wr



--## ###

 v r  v ##

#$ !!
--##


Ta c: ,  L Chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phng

Cng thc Niucrat






N>
$#
y
y {  .{
 .{ :
7
y
L
#

##$

Tn tht cc b ti ch vo ng l:


i
Tn tht cc b ti ch m rng ra t ngt

3
a





n 
n

#$





 

 
 

c
Y




 


*

Vy ta c:
~

  ~

##$

n 
n





W
n
 i  

r


##

#$

u
 v -
## v #~@

~
 "
9

Vy chnh cao: 

9
 "

Bi 4.30:

Vit phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt O-O:
; 

 mn 
 m n


;  
 ~





 9##
#
9

n 
 #  ~


n 
 ~


 9
~
lQ  *  *  *  *

Tuy nhin do ta b qua tn tht dc ng nn:

Ta tnh ton cc t n tht cc b:
+S


3
a





(~
#

n D
n 
w

#$
 n D
n



3



 

 
 

c
Y




 


+SS

n 


 

+

3  n 
r  n 
n 
u

7 
u :

#
3 
r



n 

3 n 

n 

y  {

#$




+

Thay cc gi tr trn vo phng trnh Becnuli:
9



n 


n 
n 
 #$  #  #$   



 n

T ta tnh c lu lng:

n 

 9
"
 v - v 



. y {
$-$
z
$-$

w
n 3
. v  v

v ng o p ta xt them gi tr :

$# v #~@ 
"@

## 7 :
z


W
w

u
z

n D

w

. "|z
r
x


Bi 4.31:
Ta tm lu lng xng t a m phu cho php chy
qua. Xt phu trng thi ngp xng hon ton.
Vit phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 2 2
v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt 2-2:
; C 

C l mC nC 
l m n 


; 

 ~




 ##
#

 

n
t

n 
 #  ~C


n 
n 
n 

 
  




!
 v - v ## v #~@
%

t

$ y {
  #$
_


3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


Lu lng ti a cho php qua ph u m phu khng b trn l:

"
r 

- v #~@ y {
w
3 n
$x
z


Hay: w
- y {
Xt b cha

Vit phng trnh nh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1 1 v 1-1 vi mt phng so snh l mt 1-1:
; 

C
n C
l n 


;C   l    ~C





 9  #  #
#  # 
 9

nC 
 ~C


nC 
 +  +  +


Trong + + + tng ng l cc tn tht cc b ti v tr I, II, III trn hnh v

+
i
+

nC 
nC 

#



nC 
n C

$ 



+
i
Thay vo phng trnh Becnuli trn
9

nC 
nC 

#.



nC 
n C
n C
n C
 #   $   #. 




9
#

nC 


Do lu lng ti a l Q=4.9(l/s) nn vn tc ti a trong ng l:

3
a







 

 
 

c
Y




 


nC

Vy ta c:

wC

r 
x 

9
#
Bi 4.33:

3
a





"
- v #~@

- y {
~@

# v # 
z
 v


-
nC 

#

$ "
 v -