Assignment III Q.2 Define the following parameters for a switching n/w N = no.

. of hops L = msg length in bits B = data rate (bps) P = fixed packet size (bits) H = overhead (bits/packet) S = call setup time (sec) D = Propagation delay (hop/sec) If N=4, L=3200, B=9600, P=1024, H=16, S=0.2,D= 0.001 compute end to end delay for circuit switching, virtual switching (packet) & datagram (packet). Assume no ach. Ignore processing delay at the nodes.

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3.2)
Number of hops between 2 given end systems (N) In a switching network a hop means the link between 2 consecutive nodes. Therefore, number of hops means number of links between 2 given end systems. Message length in bits (L) This is the total number of bits of the message to be sent. Data rate in bits/sec (B) Data rate is the speed with which data can be transmitted from one device to another. Fixed packet size (P) In packet switching, the message to be transmitted is broken into series of packets (parts of a certain size in bytes). This packet contains both data and control information and the total no. of bits in a packet is given by the fixed packet size. Overhead bits per packet (H) In packet switching each packet contains a portion of (or all for a short message) of the users data plus some control information. The control information includes the information that the network requires to be able to route the packet through the network and deliver it to the intended destination. These control information are called overhead bits. Call set-up time (S) -is the overall length of time required to establish a call between terminals using circuit switching or virtual circuit packet switching; i.e. the time from the initiation of a call request to the beginning of the call message. Propagation delay per hop in seconds (D) Once a bit is pushed to onto a link, it needs to propagate to the next node. The time required to propagate from the beginning of a link to the next node is called as propagation delay. The bit propagates at the

propagation speed of the link and the propagation speed depends on the physical medium of the link. Propagation delay per hop= (distance between 2 nodes ) / (the propagation speed) Read more: Define the following parameters for a switching network. N = number of hops between two given end systems L = message length in bits B = data rate in bits per second, on all links P = fixed packet size, in bits H = overhead (header) bits per second S = ca | Answerbag http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/102040#ixzz2PvSFqaT2

Answer- N = 4, L = 3200 bits, B = 9600 bits/sec, P = 1024 bits, H = 16 bits/sec, S = 0.2 sec, D = 0.001 sec Number of packets = L/P = 3200/1024 [last packet has a partial payload (data bits in a packet)] (i) Circuit switching - There is a connection set up delay - Whole message is transferred at one time Total delay = call set up time + Total transmission delay + total propagation delay = S + L/B + DN = 0.2 + 3200/9600 +0.001 x 4 = (ii) Virtual circuit packet switching It is assumed that packets are pipelined on the virtual circuit. Thus one packet comes out of the pipeline every P/B seconds after the first packet comes out of the pipeline. The time to deliver the first of the L/P (rounded up to the maximum integer) packets to the destination is N(P/B). Every P/B seconds a new packet from the remaining [(L/P)-1] packets arrive at the destination. The total delay = S + N(P/B) + [(L/P) 1] (P/B) + DN = 0.2 + 4 x (1024/9600) + [(3200/1024) 1](1024/9600) (iii) Datagram packet switching There is no connection set up and each packet is individually switched. Total delay = N(P/B) + [(L/P)-1]P/B + DN = 4x (1024/9600) + [(3200/1024)-1](1024/9600) + 0.001 x 4 Note: Some may assume that the length of the packet is equal to (P+H). In that case, you need to take P/B as (P+H)/B in both virtual circuit packet switching and datagram packet switching. Read more: For N = 4, L =3200, B = 9600, P = 1024, H = 16, s = 0.2, D = 0.001, compute the end to end delay for (i) circuit switching (ii) virtual circuit packet switching (iii) datagram packet switching Assume that there are no acknowledgements. Igno | Answerbag http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/102042#ixzz2PvRSGxq2