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9/17/2012

1
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Time Overcurrent Relays
- More or less
approximates
thermal fuse
Allow
coordination
with fuses
Reset
Position
Time Dial
Setting
Direction
of
Current
Induced
Torque
O
Restraining
S i
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
Spring
Disk
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Basic equation
- t
s
=restraining spring
| |
Operating torque Restraining Torque
s
g p g
torque
- I =applied current
- I
p
=pick up current
- K
d
=disk damping
factor
u l f di k
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
K
I
I
T
d
p
s
u
t 1
2
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
- u =angle of disk
rotation (proportional
to Time Dial Setting
(TDS)
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Relay Response
| |
1. Operating torque = Restraining Torque
2. Integrate w.r.t. Time
( )
1 2
2
1 2
1 t t
I
I
K
p d
s

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
u u
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
t
K
I
I
d
p
s
u
t 1
2
3. TDS (setting angle),
where triptime = t
2
-t
1
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
( ) time trip
I
I
K
TDS
p d
s
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= 1
2
t
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Relay Response
4. Finding trip time
( )
( ) 1
1
2 2

=
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
M
A
TDS
I
I
K
TDS time trip
p
s
d
t
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
Where: M = I/I
p
A = K
d
/t
s
9/17/2012
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Standard Curves --
standard formats
|
|

|
=
C
TDS tr
Reset Time (M < 1)
|
.

\

=
2
1 M
TDS tr
|
.
|

\
|
+

= B
M
A
TDS tt
p
1
Trip time (M > 1)
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
. \
Some manufacturers include disk inertia in B
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
US and IEC curve
parameters
Curve A B C P
U.S. Moderately inverse (U1) 0.0104 0.2256 1.08 0.02
U.S. Inverse (U2) 5.95 0.180 5.95 2.00 U.S. Inverse (U2) 5.95 0.180 5.95 2.00
U.S. Very inverse (U3) 3.88 0.0963 3.88 2.00
U.S. Extremely inverse (U4) 5.67 0352 5.67 2.00
U.S. Short-time inverse (U5) 0.00342 0.00262 0.323 0.02
I.E.C. Class A - Standard inverse (C1) 0.14 0.0 13.5 0.02
I.E.C. Class B Very inverse (C2) 13.5 0.0 47.3 2.00
I.E.C. Class C Extremely inverse (C3) 80.0 0.0 80.0 2.00
I.E.C Long-time inverse (C4) 120.0 0.0 120.0 2.00
I.E.C Short-time inverse (C5) 0.05 0.0 4.85 0.04
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
9/17/2012
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
US Inverse (U2)
Characteristic
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Comparison of curves
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
9/17/2012
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Extremely Inverse Curve
and 50E fuse
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Example
Local
Load
Local
Load
Bus
#1
Bus
#2
Bus
#3
Vs Z1
Local
Load
Faulted
Line
Z3
Z4
Z2
Source
R3 R2
R4
It is desirable for the relay on the faulted line, R4, to be the only
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
( ) 3 2 1
3
Z Z Z
Vs
I
MAX f
+ +
=
( ) 4 3 2 1
3
Z Z Z Z
Vs
I
MIN f
+ + +
=
relay to trip
Max and min fault current (based on ends of faulted line)
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Example continued
- The desired coordination can be accomplished by increasing
the time dial settings as one proceeds toward the source. g p
If relay R2 is expected to provide backup protection for
relay R4,
Then R4, the relay with the greatest source impedance, would
be set with the lowest time dial setting
If I
MIN
is defined as the minimum fault current,
Then the pickup current must be set at least as lowas the
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
Then the pickup current must be set at least as low as the
current but above maximum load current.
For relays R2 and R3, the TDS must be set to trip no
faster then the next downstream device when the fault
current is maximum for an out of zone fault
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
EMTP relay simulation
S B
R Bus
Gen
Xfmr
Breaker Breaker
Source
Impedance
230KV
Fault #2
C-G
Fault #1
C-G
69KV
52 52
S Bus
Load
Load
225O
25O
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
250O resistive fault is initiated at 8.3 ms and progresses to a 25O fault at 62 ms
as can occur by a tree branch coming in contact with the wire.
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Example with a trip
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Comparing relay
coordination (light load)
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
9/17/2012
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Comparing relay
coordination (heavy load)
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Directional Control vs
Direction Supervision
Directional
Reference
Signal Directional
Reference
Signal
DC Bus +
32 Element
(32)
g
Phase
Current
50/
51
Overcurrent
Element
(50 or 51)
Phase
Current
50/51
52
AC Circuit
Breaker
32
DC Bus +
32 Element
(32)
g
Phase
Current
50/
51
Overcurrent
Element
(50 or 51)
Phase
Current
32
50/51
52
AC Circuit
Breaker
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
DC Bus -
b. Directional Control
DC Bus -
a. Directional Supervision
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U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Directional Step-Time
Overcurrent (ANSI 67)
- The directional overcurrent relay can be perceived as a
t 50 i t t l t t ll d b t 32 type 50 instantaneous element controlled by a type 32
directional element
- If the type 67 relay element is to provide backup protection,
they use definite time delay for downstream coordination
- The 67 element requires more attention to detail for
coordination than do type 51 relays
Th d t th t th t dti h th 51i th t
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
The advantage that the stepped time has over the 51 is that
the time steps are independently set.
The disadvantage is that overreach errors have a more
pronounced affect that often proves difficult to
coordinate
U
I
ECE525
Lecture 12
Directional Step-Time
Overcurrent (ANSI 67)
Bus S
2
G 1
Load Load Load Load
F1 F2 F3 F4
Load 5
Increasing
time
51
67
Time Overcurrent Relays
Fall 2012
Load
1
Load
2
Load
3
Load
4

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