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Edmond NGALEMO
AGENDA
WELL PERFORMANCE WELL PROBLEMS WELL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PRODUCTION LOGGING OPTIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT
WELL PERFORMANCE
RESERVOIR
RECOVERY
COMPLETION
WELL PROBLEMS
WELL PROBLEMS
WELL PROBLEMS
WELL INTEGRITY
COMPLETION
PRODUCTION LOGGING
PRODUCTION LOGGING PROVIDES DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE NATURE AND BEHAVIOR OF FLUIDS IN THE WELL DURING PRODUCTION OR INJECTION.
PL SERVICES
Thermometer Manometer (sapphire gauge, quartz gauge) Fluid density (gradiomanometer, nuclear) Flowmeters (continuous, fullbore) FloView (digital fluid entry tool) GHOST (Gas holdup optical sensor tool) FSI (floscan imager) Gamma Ray CCL Noise (single frequency, multiple frequency) Caliper Radioactive tracer Water flow logging Gravel pack logging Three-phase holdup Downhole video SWBS WEIGHT SWRS ROLLER PBMS
GR, CCL, Temp, Press
PILS
INLINE SPINNER
PGMC
GRADIO-MANOMETER
GHOST
OPTICAL PROBES
PFCS SPINNER,
ELECTRICAL PROBES
THERMOMETER
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Platinum temperature resistor
SPECIFICATIONS
Range: Resolution: Accuracy: 25 C to 150 C 0.006 C 1 C
TEMPERATURE
APPLICATIONS
LOCATION OF FLUID ENTRIES DETERMINATION OF FLOW BEHIND PIPE DETECTION OF GAS PRODUCTION QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF FLUID FLOW DOWNHOLE TEMPERATURE INFORMATION EVALUATION OF FRACTURE TREATMENTS EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF A COMPLETION
Specifications Depth: Sensing length: Sample spacing: Temp/Press: Resolution: 0.05 degC
up to 30 km 12 km 1m 150oC / 10 kpsi
PRESSURE GAUGES
STRAIN
QUARTZ
QUARTZ GAUGE
CONVENTIONAL COMPENSATED
RESOLUTION NOISE
Pressure (psia)
PRESSURE GAUGE
Specification
ACCURACY
Difference between a measured value and the true value obtained from a reference standard. Minimum pressure change that is detected by the gauge. Maximum difference between measurements of the same pressure. Ratio of the induced variation in the transducer output to the change in applied pressure.
RESOLUTION
REPEATABILITY SENSITIVITY
PRESSURE GAUGES
CQG Quartz Gauge Sapphire Gauge 2.0 psi + 0.01% of reading 5 psi + 0.01% of reading 1.0 psi 0.01 psi at 1Hz 0.05 psi at 1Hz 302F (150C) 302F (150C) 15 kpsi 10 kpsi
PRESSURE
APPLICATIONS
SPINNER FLOWMETER
Magnet
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION IMPELLER ROTATES AS FLUID MOVES ROTATIONAL SPEED IS MEASURED ELECTRICALLY (RPS) FLUID FLOW DERIVED FROM CALIBRATION OF RPS
Coils
Spinner blades
SPINNER FLOWMETER
SPECIFICATIONS
Flowmeters Continuous Fullbore
400
200
Temperature (C) (
150
150
Pressure (psi)
15000
20000
(1) (7-in. casing) Minimum flow rates correspond to single-phase flow. Minimum flow rates for multiphase flow vary according to the fluid properties of the mixture.
SPINNER CALIBRATION
InIn-Situ Flowmeter Calibration Plot
E RPS D C D E
m y
B A
Up
Vt
A
0 + Cable Speed 0 RPS +
turbulent
laminar
P + so f = g h cos
GRADIOMANOMETER
SPECIFICATIONS
Differential pressure transducers Manufacturer Temperature range Overpressure without decalibration Accuracy Burst pressure Shocks and vibrations (3) DST and TCP resistance (1)Including P&T hysteresis, fitting error and repeatability (1) PSOI Schlumberger 175C 20 psi 0.015 psi (1) 40 psi Class 6 (500 g/2 ms) Yes
GRADIOMANOMETER
PGMC SPECIFICATIONS
GRADIOMANOMETER
APPLICATIONS
ELECTRICAL PROBES
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Probe sensitive to fluid conductivity Output is binary Water holdup Hw = White time / Total Time Hydrocarbon Holdup Hh = 1 Hw Bubble count BBC = bubbles /second
ELECTRICAL PROBES
PFCS SPECIFICATIONS
Accuracy
Bubble Count
Maximum fluid velocity 2 m/s (telemetry), 1m/s (memory) Minimum water salinity 1,000 ppm @ 100degC 2,000 ppm @ 25 degC . Charts
ELECTRICAL PROBES
APPLICATIONS
LOCATING FIRST OIL/WATER ENTRIES, WITH HIGH RESOLUTION WATER HOLDUP MEASUREMENT FLOW RATE COMPUTATION
FLOVIEW LOG
OPTICAL PROBES
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Ir/Ii ?
Probe sensitive to fluid refractive index Output is binary Gas holdup Hg = Black time / Total Time Liquid Holdup HLiquid = 1 Hg Bubble count BBC = bubbles /second
OPTICAL PROBES
GHOST SPECIFICATIONS
Accuracy
7% standard probe 5% probes without protectors 1 % If Yg > 98 % or < 2 % 1% for Bubble size > 0.002 in or 0.1mm
Bubble Count
OPTICAL PROBES
APPLICATIONS
LOCATE FIRST GAS/LIQUID ENTRIES, WITH HIGH RESOLUTION GAS HOLDUP MEASUREMENT FLOW RATE COMPUTATION
GR
CORRELATION
Depth matching between separate trips in the well. Providing the depth control needed for cased hole operation
CCL
CORRELATION IN CASED HOLE
PIPE
CCL
MULTIPHASE FLOW
FLOWRATE-VELOCITIES-HOLDUP-CUT
Yw Yo
Holdup Flowrates Yw + Yo = 1 Qw = Yw * Vw * Area Qo = Yo * Vo * Area Qtot = Qw + Qo Vs = Vo - Vw Vsupoil= Vsupoil= Qo / Area Vsupwater = Qw / Area Vmix = Qtot / Area Vmix = Vsup BS&W = Qw / Qtot
Vw
Vo
Mixture Velocity
Water Cut
WELL PERFORMANCE
THANKS
MANOMETER
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Force summing device Paine gauge Sapphire gauge Hewlett-Packard gauge QuartzdyneTM gauge Compensated quartz gauge
GAUGES