Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation Outline
Welcome and Project Background KPI Recommendations + Discussion: Generation Transmission Distribution Customer Service Final KPI list
Project Background
Development of Key Performance Indicators for the Electricity
Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Customer Service Activities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
KPI Report
Review existing performance in the KSA Review international practices for KPI application Define main parameters of KPI framework International and local data collection Propose KPI System for the KSA Recommend suitable KPIs Definitions and computations
Generation
Introduction International Practices Existing KPIs in Saudi Arabia Answers on comments Recommended KPIs
Key Performance Indicator Availability Factor Capacity Factor Heat Rate Forced outage factor Scheduled outage factor Equivalent outage factor Starting Failure Health, Safety and Environment
Jordan
Saudi Aramco-KPI
Power Incidents and Reliability Date Base Availability index (total running hours/total period
hours) Reliability index (total period hours-interruption hours/total period hours)
Generation Recommendations
Table 2.6 Recommended KPIs for Generation. KPI
General information G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Age of unit Technology Fuel base Gross Maximum Capacity (GMC) Net Maximum Capacity (NMC) MW MW Years Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit
Unit
Level
Operational aspects G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 Capacity G13 G14 G15 G16 Gross Actual Generation (GAG) Net Actual Generation (NAG) Gross Capacity Factor Net Capacity Factor MWh MWh % % Unit Unit Unit Unit Annual Heat Rate (AHR) Availability Factor (AF) Service Factor (SF) Forced Outage Factor (FOF) Scheduled Outage Factor (SOF) Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR) Starting Reliability (SR) Btu/kWh % % % % % % Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit
G1-G5, G13,G14 are physical data of the unit and no Key Performance Indicators
Health, Safety and Environment G17 G18 Lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) Medical treatment injury frequency rate (MTIFR) inc. / mln hours inc. / mln hours Company Company
Heat Rate
Heat rate is not used as performance indicator in
liberalised markets by regulators. It is used by plant managers to reduce operational costs (fuel costs). High fuel prices/market fuel prices will encourage plant operators to implement efficient technologies. Heat rate is depending on many factors and benchmarking can only be carried out by comparing units under equal/identical conditions. Proposal heat rate is not a KPI for regulators but have to be submitted to ECRA for background information
Outages
SEC is proposing to use maintenance outage factor (MOF)
and planned outage factor (POF). KEMA has proposed SOF(=MOF+POF) Maintenance outage is an outage scheduled on the short term f.i. next weekend Planned outage is scheduled well in advance The distinction between PO and MO is practical from operational point view such planning (power plants and TSO) EFOR is taken into account deration when units are operating at reduced capacity.
Technology
Fuel base Gross Maximum Capacity (GMC) Net Maximum Capacity (NMC) Gross Actual Generation (GAG Net Actual Generation Annual heat rate
SC,CCGT,ST, Cogeneration
Natural gas, Diesel, Crude oil MW MW MWh MWh Btu/kWh
No
No No No No No No
No
Units have to be categorised for benchmarking and different targets will be defined
Solo gas turbines Combined cycle Steam cycles Diesel generators Cogeneration (steam production for desalination, industries etc.)
Transmission
1. Introduction 2. International Practices 3. Existing KPIs in Saudi Arabia 4. Recommended KPIs
Transmission- 1. Introduction
Where to monitor the performance: At the output (continuity of deliveries to the distribution) ? At an intermediate level (availability of components) ? At both levels At none Classic theory of regulation of systems: output signal is regulated
Transmission- 1. Introduction
Transmission: Delivery Points supplied by a meshed network
where N-1 and other security rules (margins) make the service continuity much better than for distribution networks.
Transmission- 1. Introduction
Specific difficulty of TSOs: continuity performance depends on Historical parameters (not linkable to current regulation rules)
External constraints
Managerial factors
Transmission- 1. Introduction
Specific difficulty of TSOs: continuity performance depends on Historical parameters (not linkable to current regulation rules) Length and nature of the network (mostly aerial) Design of the network (issues like stranded costs) Age of the components External constraints Environment (lightning, storms, ) Loading (static and dynamic, e.g. for On Load Tap Changers) Managerial factors Organisation, procedures, quality rules Human ressources and their management
Some countries regulate the output (the continuity) Some countries regulate/monitor components availabilities
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T ASAI=1-SAIDI-T Number of Outages (per 100km) Average Outage Duration Circuit Availability Transformer Availability Circuit Outage Duration Transformer Outage Duration
Oman
Italy
UK
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T ASAI=1-SAIDI-T Number of Outages (per 100km) Average Outage Duration Circuit Availability Transformer Availability Circuit Outage Duration Transformer Outage Duration
Oman
PJM (US) is an ISO and considers continuity as an issue for the network owner only NERC specifies means (reserves) but not continuity targets
Italy
UK
in the Europe: the limit is set at 3 minutes (CENELEC 1999); in Australia: the limit is set at 1 minutes (ESCV 2007 report)
li: limits
ms: measures
Available PQ info from regulator Regulator power to set stds PQ contracts TSO <> customer PQ Parameters addressed: Slow V variation Fast or tmp V variation Voltage dips Voltage unbalance Voltage harmonics Flicker severity Interharmonics Mains signalling
+ N
+ Y
Oman
-
co co co co co ms ms ms ms ms
cp cp li cp cp li cp li cpli cp cp
ms
ms ms li ms li ms li
PJM (USA)
-
Alberta (Canada)
Power Quality
Italy
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) = ENS/average power SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T ASAI=1-SAIDI-T Number of Outages (per 100km) Average Outage Duration Circuit Availability Transformer Availability Circuit Outage Duration Transformer Outage Duration CAIDI-T
UK
Transmission 4. Recommendations
Victoria (Australia) New South Wales (Australia) RECOMMENDED Alberta (Canada) MARAFIQ (SA) PJM (USA) SEC (SA) Hungary Portugal Norway France Oman Italy UK
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) = ENS/average power SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T ASAI=1-SAIDI-T Number of Outages (per 100km) Average Outage Duration Circuit Availability Transformer Availability Circuit Outage Duration Transformer Outage Duration CAIDI-T Number of PQ contracts
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) = ENS/average power SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T ASAI=1-SAIDI-T Number of Outages (per 100km) Average Outage Duration Circuit Availability Transformer Availability Circuit Outage Duration Transformer Outage Duration CAIDI-T Number of PQ contracts Nb Voltage dev. Duration>10 min Losses in Energy (% of injected)
RECOMMENDED (new)
Transmission 4. Recommendations
RECOMMEND (draft) Victoria (Australia) New South Wales (Australia) Alberta (Canada) MARAFIQ (SA) PJM (USA) SEC (SA) Hungary Portugal Norway France Oman Italy UK
Transmission 4. Recommendations
KPI Unit Level
T1
Energy Not Supplied (ENS) Average Interruption Time (AIT) SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T Out100km NrPQContracts Nb Volt. Dev./yr Losses
Planned/Unplanned/ MWh Force Majeure Planned/Unplanned/ Minutes Minutes per year Interruptions per year Interruptions per year Outages per year per 100 km Number Nb voltage dev.> 10 min Energy losses in % Per area and V level Force Majeure/Gen. Planned/Unplanned/
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Force Majeure/ Gen. Planned/Unplanned/ Force Majeure/ Gen. Planned/Unplanned/ Force Majeure/ Gen. Planned/Unplanned/ Force Majeure/ Gen.
Transmission 4. Recommendations
Phasing of KPIs: some tasks have to be planned - Introduction of planned and excluded events beside unplanned ones - Introduction of some new KPIs: ENS, MAIFI-T, Losses - Extension of SCADA on 4% remaining lines, means for verifications
Year of Implementation KPI T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T7 T8 ENS AIT SAIDI-T SAIFI-T MAIFI-T Out100 km NrPQContracts NbVoltDev Losses (% Engy) 2010 2011 2012 2013
reg
Note for SAIDI, SAIFI: delivery points should preferably be of similar size. Hence, LV and MV customers are supposed not to be supplied by the TSO but by the DNO
Distribution
1. Introduction 2. International Practices 3. Existing KPIs in Saudi Arabia 4. Recommended KPIs
Distribution 1. Introduction
Regulation of continuity of supply considers four types of regulatory instruments:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Publications of performances in the form of selected KPIs Quality contracts between the DNO and the customer Reward and penalty schemes Commitment for Minimum Quality Standards (MQS), also referred to as GSL (Guaranteed Service Level, GSL) The present proposal deals with the 1st and the 2nd of these
(the other measures can be designed later after aquiring a good knowledge of the system and the feasibility of implementation).
Where to monitor the performance: At the output (continuity of deliveries to the distribution) ? At an intermediate level (availability of components) ? At both levels At none Classic theory of regulation of systems: output signal is regulated
DNOs: Continuity performance is directly faced by customers, and since
the network is operated radially there is a delay to restore service Compared to TSO, a single event does not lead to a black out, hence less visibility of an interruption, more risk for negligence
Distribution - 1. Introduction
Oman
Average Indicators SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI ASAI TIEPI (=AIT) ENS Out100km: nb outages per grid length
()
USA
Italy
UK
Average Indicators SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI ENS Out100km: nb outages per grid length
()
Improving the average performance is good, but is it really protecting all customers ?
Average Indicators SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI ASAI TIEPI (=AIT) ENS Out100km: nb outages per grid length Worst-Served Customer Indicators Longest Interruption (MaxD)
Maximum duration of interruption (MxDYr)
()
Distribution 4. Recommendations
Victoria (Australia) New South Wales (Australia) RECOMMENDED SA-SEC Distrib. SA-Marafiq Portugal Hungary Norway Canada France Oman USA Italy UK
Average Indicators SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI ASAI TIEPI (=AIT) ENS Out100km: nb outages per grid length Nb PQ Contracts Worst-Served Customer Indicators Longest Interruption (MaxD)
Maximum duration of interruption ( MxDYr)
()
Distribution 4. Recommendations
Victoria (Australia) New South Wales (Australia) RECOMM. (draft) RECOMM. (new) SA-SEC Distrib. SA-Marafiq Portugal Hungary Norway Canada France Oman USA Italy UK
Average Indicators SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI ASAI TIEPI (=AIT) ENS Out100km: nb outages per grid length Nb PQ Contracts
Nb Voltage dev. Duration>10 min Losses in Energy (% of injected)
()
Distribution 4. Recommendations:Phasing
Year of Implementation KPI D1 D2 D3 D4 SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI 2010 2011 2012 2013
reg
Main new features PQ Contracts D5 Nb Volt Dev to be introduced: D6 Losses (area) - Introduction of planned and excluded events beside unplanned ones (separate exclusion because TSO origin from because Force Majeure) - Introduction of some new KPIs: MAIFI, Nb Voltage Deviations - Extension of SCADA on MV remaining lines (if benefits in network reliability are higher than the system cost), means for verifications - Extension of KPIs to LV customers - Preparing further KPIs: ENS, worst-served customers
2. Interruption Classification : momentary (short) or sustained (long) 3. Interruption Number of affected customers
2. Interruption Classification : momentary (short) or sustained (long) 3. Interruption Duration 4. Interruption Number of affected customers
Presently, SEC Distribution uses a detailed list of causes: N1-74: Defaults of components (cable, joint, pole, jumper, line) N75-84: Transient fault due to ext. agent, rain, wind, storm, unkn. N85 Fire from external cause N88 Load shedding (for frequency control) N89 Fault due to bird/animal N90 to 96: due to protections (overloads,), mal-operations N98 tripping of generators (supplying at transmission level) N99 Loss of transmission supply N100 Tripping of generator (supplying at distribution level) Seems ok: exceptional events (regulatory causes) will be out of KPI In addition, it allows operators to identify KPI per manufacturer/parts Good visibility is the key for understanding and efficiency
Fayez
Majed Alsalem
Legal advisor
Number and types of areas/voltage levels delivery points : Separate urban, sub-urban, rural values for the KPIs per area (18?) Separation of voltage levels (LV and MV for distribution), HV for T. Recommendation: If feasible, launch a customer survey to Estimate the inconvenience level (cost) of interruptions for the
customer, the value of ENS, SAIDI, SAIFI Record load curves for estimating the ENS of long interruptions (one year measurement campaign, setting customer groups) Request - We expect from the companies: The KPI values of the 3 last years A more detailed description of the existing calculation for the KPIs (file format, client database, network connectivity DB: quality ctrl.) Data flow for Volt deviation: range ? visit of dispatching ?
Customer Service
Introduction International Practices Existing KPIs in Saudi Arabia Recommended KPIs
Hungary
Vermont (USA)
Norway
France
Italy
UK
KPI Punctuality Late time at appointments Waiting time call centre Waiting time in customer centre Time to estimate charge for works Time to execute works Amount of time given before interruption of supply
Victoria (Australia)
Alberta (Canada)
Vermont (USA)
SEC
X X X X
Marafiq
X X
Complaint resolution
C2
C3 C4 C5 C6
days
hours days % %
C7
C8 C9 C10 C11
days
# min days days
Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes