TaiLieu Microsstation PDF

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Tr-ng i hc M - a cht
Ch-ng I Qui trnh s ha v bin tp bn s ------------------------------------
1. S tng qut
Mc ch thnh lp 1. To file design 2. To bng phn lp i t-ng 3. To k hiu 4. Qut bn 1. To l-i Km Nn bn 2. Nn bn 1. V cc i t-ng dng -ng. 2. V i t-ng -ng bao vng. 3. V i t-ng dng im. 4. V i t-ng dng ch vit. 1. Kim tra v sa li v phn lp T Hon thin d liu 2. Sa li v lm p d liu dng -ng v -ng bao vng. 3. Sa li i vi d liu dng im. 4. Sa li i vi d liu dng text. Bin tp v trnh by bn 1. To vng, t mu v tri k hiu. 2. Bin tp k hiu dng -ng.
Thit k chung
Vect ho
L-u tr d liu v in bn
1. T chc thmc cha file. 2. In bn bng Iplot.
2. Mc ch, yu cu ca tng b-c.
2.1. Thit k chung. m bo tnh thng nht h thng cho tt c cc bn trong khi cng vic, cc cng tc chun b cho qu trnh s ho v bin tp bn sau ny s -c thc hin v s dng chung. Cng tc bao gm:
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nh ngha file chun (Seed file). Khi nim seed file trong vic to cc bn . Seed file thc cht l mt Design file trng (khng cha d liu) nh-ng n cha y cc thng s quy nh ch lm vic vi MicroStation. c bit vi cc file bn , m bo tnh thng nht v c s ton hc gia cc file d liu, phi to cc file cha cc tham s v h to , php chiu, n v o.... Sau cc file bn c cng c s ton hc s -c to da trn nn seed file ny. Mi mt c s ton hc ca bn s c mt seed file ny ring. (trong h thng MGE ca Intergraph, modul MGE Nucleus cho php nh ngha file chun ny). V d: Seed file nh ngha cho cc bn Gauss kruger nm mi 48 c cc thng s sau: H to chnh (Primary Coordinate system): - System: Transfer Mecator + Long of origin: 105:00:00 + Latitute of origin: 0:00:00 - Geodetic datum: User Define - Ellipsoid: Krasovski. H n v o (Working Unit). - n v o chnh (Master Unit): m - n v o ph (Sub Unit) - phn gii (Resolution) : cm : 1000
Ch : Seed file ny ch s dng cho cc bn Gauss nm trn mi 49, thng s kinh tuyn gc (Longtitude of orgin) phi i thnh 111:00:00. To Desing file. Cc file bn dgn -c to trong MicroStation da trn Seed file cn thnh lp. Tn file th-ng -c t theo danh php ca t bn . Phn lp i t-ng. Cc i t-ng bn khi tn ti d-i dng s -c th hin v l-u tr trn cc lp thng tin khc nhau. V vy tr-c khi tin hnh s ho, thnh lp bn s cc i t-ng cn -c th hin trn bn phi -c xc nh tr-c s -c l-u tr trn lp thng tin no. V d: cc i t-ng l sng, h s -c l-u tr trong lp thng tin th nht,
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cc i t-ng l -ng bnh c bn s -c l-u trn lp thng tin th hai,... S lp thng tin nhiu nht trn mt file bn (*.dgn) l 63 lp. V vy cc i t-ng trn mt file bn nn -c phn nhiu nht l 63 lp thng tin khc nhau. Mi mt lp i t-ng s -c nh s t 1-63. To file Feature table. Mc tiu ca file feature table dng qun l v m bo tnh nht qun cho cc i t-ng trong qu trnh s ho cng nh- sa i d liu sau khi s ho. File feature -c to da trn bng thit k phn lp. File feature table cha ton b cc thng s ho ca tt c cc i t-ng (feature) c trong bn cn thnh lp v d: S lp (lever), mu sc (color), kiu -ng (linestyle), lc nt (weight), kiu ch (font), kch th-c ch... File feature table (*.tbl) -c to bng cng c Feature Table Editor ca MSFC. To k hiu. Theo cch phn loi d liu khng gian, cc k hiu trn bn -c chia thnh 4 loi. - K hiu dng im. - K hiu dng -ng. - K hiu dng pattern (cc k hiu -c tri u trn din tch mt vng no ). - K hiu dng ch ch thch. Cc k hiu dng im v pattern -c thit k thnh cc cell. Cc cell ny -c s dng mt cch th-ng xuyn, lp i lp li nhiu ln trong qu trnh s ho cng nh- bin tp bn . Mi cell -c nh ngha bi mt thvin cha cell v tn cell. V d: Cc cell k hiu dng cho bn a hnh 1:50.000 -c l-u ch trong thvin cell Dh-50.cell. Trong thvin ny k hiu nh c lp phi t l c tn l C.NHA. Cc k dng -ng -c thit k d-i dng l cc kiu -ng custom. Cc kiu -ng dng biu th cc i t-ng dng -ng ca bn -c cha trong thvin kiu -ng (Line style Library) hay cn gi l file resource bt buc phi -c l-u trong thmc. \\win32app\Ustation\wsmod\default\symbol\*.rsc Qut bn .
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Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l chuyn cc bn -c l-u tr trn giy, phim, diamat thnh cc file d liu s d-i dng raster. Sau cc file ny s -c chuyn i v cc nh dng ca Intergraph (*.rle hoc *.tif) s l nh tip bng phn mm IRASB. Tu theo tng loi bn v mc ch s dng sau ny m ng-i ta s dng cc my qut cng cc phn mm chuyn dng khc nhau. phn gii quy nh trong mi bn khi qut ph thuc vo cht l-ng ca ti liu gc v mc ch s dng. Thng th-ng, phn gii cng cao, s cho cht l-ng d liu raster tt hn cho qu trnh s ho sau ny, nh-ng n cng lm cho ln ca file tng ln. 2.2. Nn bn . Mc ch: Chuyn i cc nh qut ang to hng ct ca cc pixel v to trc a (to thc - h to a l hoc to phng). y l b-c quan trng nht trong quy trnh thnh lp bn s v n nh h-ng ti ton b chnh xc ca bn sau khi -c s ho da trn nn nh. To l-i Km L-i km v l-i kinh v -c to da vo to ca cc gc khung v khong cch gia cc mt l-i. L-i Km -c s dng lm c s cho vic chn cc im khng ch khi nn bn . Vi cc l-i Km ca bn t l ln ta c th to bng cc cng c ca Microstation nh-ng vi l-i Km v kinh v ca bn t l nh th bt buc phi to bng cng c Gird Generation ca MGE m bo chnh xc. Nn bn . nn cc file nh chuyn nh dng thnh (.rle) ca Itergraph ta s dng cng c Warp ca irasb. Qu trnh nn ny -c da trn to ca cc im khng ch trn nh, to ca cc dim khng ch t-ng ng trn file dgn v m hnh -c chn nn (cc m hnh nn -c vit sn trong phn mm irasb). Trong qu trnh nn nh, ng-i s dng phi c bit quan tm n cc sai s chun v sai s gia khong cch tht gia im chuyn i v im o ng-i dng thu thp. 2.3. Vct ho i t-ng. Mc ch: l qu trnh bin i d liu raster thnh d liu vect. Qu trnh ny -c thc hin da trn cc phn mm sau: MSFC, MicroStation, Irasb, Geovec. Sau khi c file nh raster nn lm nn bng phn mm Irasb, file bng i t-ng (.tbl) -c to trong MSFC vi y cc lp thng tin trn nh cn s ho. Ng-i thc hin c th sn sng s ho trn nh to d liu vect trong file DGN. i vi mi kiu d liu khc nhau ng-i thc hin nn chn cc cng c thch hp trn MicroStation hoc trn Geovec s ho.
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2.4. Hon thin v chun ho d liu Sau qu trnh s ho , d liu nhn -c ch-a phi hon thin v s dng -c. Cc d liu ny th-ng -c gi l cc d liu th, cn phi qua mt qu trnh kim tra, chnh sa v hp l cc d liu. Qu trnh ny bao gm cc cng on: - Kim tra v sa cha cc li v thuc tnh ho (sai lp, sai kiu -ng, mu sc, lc nt...). - Sa cc li ring ca d liu dng -ng: Lc b im tha (filter), lm trn -ng (smooth), loi b cc i t-ng trng nhau, sa cc im cui t do, to cc im giao. - Sa cc li ring ca d liu dng im v ch vit . 2.5. Bin tp v trnh by bn . Cc i t-ng bn khi -c th hin bng mu sc v k hiu phi m bo -c tnh t-ng quan v v tr a l cng nh- tnh thm m ca bn . To vng, t mu, tri k hiu. Cc i t-ng dng vng cn t mu hoc tri k hiu, cc i t-ng phi tn ti d-i dng shape hoc complex shape. V vy cn phi qua mt b-c to vng t nhng -ng bao ng kn. Bin tp cc k hiu dng -ng. i vi cc i t-ng dng -ng khi tn ti dng d liu th n phi gp nhau ti cc im nt v n l mt i t-ng -ng duy nht. Nh-ng th hin n d-i dng k hiu bn th c th phi th hin n bng hai hoc ba kiu -ng. 2.6. L-u tr d liu v in bn . Kt qu ca qu trnh s ho v bin tp bn c th -c l-u tr d-i hai dng: L-u tr trn a v in ra giy. Khi l-u tr d liu bn nn t chc d liu d-i dng cc thmc mt cch khoa hc v nn l-u tr c cc file ph tr i km v d nh- file (.tbl), (.cel), (.rsc), (.ctb)...
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Ch-ng II
Gii thiu h thng phn mm Microstation v mapping ofice

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Mapping ofice l mt h phn mm mi nht ca tp on Intergraph bao gm cc phn mm cng c phc v cho vic xy dng v duy tr ton b cc i t-ng a l d-i dng ho bao gm: IRASC, IRASB, MSFC, GEOVEC. Cc file d liu dng ny -c s dng lm u vo cho cc h thng tin a l hoc cc h qun tr d liu bn . Cc phn mm ng dng ca Mapping office -c thch hp trong mt mi tr-ng ho thng nht MicroStation to nn mt b cc cng c mnh v linh hot phc v cho vic thu nhp v s l cc i t-ng ho. c bit trong lnh vc bin tp v trnh by bn , da vo rt nhiu cc tnh nng m ca MicroStation cho php ng-i s dng t thit k cc k hiu dng im, dng -ng, dng pattern m rt nhiu cc ph-ng php trnh by bn -c coi l rt kh s dng i vi mt s phn mm khc (Mappinfo, AutoCAD, Coreldraw, Freehand...), li -c gii quyt mt cch d dng trong MicroStation. Ngoi ra cc file d liu ca cc bn cng loi -c to da trn nn mt file chun (seed file) -c nh ngha y cc thng s ton hc bn , h n v o -c tnh theo gi tr tht ngoi thc a lm tng gi tr chnh xc v thng nht gia cc file bn . Trong vic s ho v bin tp cc i t-ng bn da trn c s cc bn -c thnh lp tr-c y (trn giy, diamat...), cc phn mm -c s dng ch yu bao gm: MicroStation, I/GEOVEC, MSFC, MRFCLEAN, MRFFLAG, IPLOT. Sau y s l cc khi nim v cc ng dng c th ca tng phn mm trong cc cng on s ho v bin tp bn .
1. MicroStation.
MicroStation l mt phn mm tr gip thit k (CAD) v l mi tr-ng ho rt mnh cho php xy dng, qun l cc i t-ng ho th hin cc yu t bn . MicroStationconf -c s dng lm nn cho cc ng dng khc nh- Geovec, Irasb, MSFC, Mrfclean, Mrfflag chy trn . Cc cng c ca MicroStation -c s dng s ho cc i t-ng trn nn nh (Raster), sa cha, bin tp d liu v trnh by bn . MicroStation cn cung cp cng c nhp, xut (import, export) d liu ha t cc phn mm khc qua cc file (.dxf) hoc (.dwg).
2. Irasb
Irasb l phn mm hin th v bin tp d liu raster d-i dng cc nh en

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trng (black and white image) v -c chy trn nn ca MicroStation. Mc d d liu ca Irasbv MicroStation -c th hin trn cng mn hnh nh-ng n hon ton c lp vi nhau. Ngha l vic thay i d liu phn ny khng nh h-ng n d liu phn kia. Ngoi vic s dng Irasb hin th cc file nh bn phc v cho qu trnh s ho trn nh, cng c warp ca Irasb -c s dng nn cc file nh raster t to hng ct ca cc pixcel v ta thc ca bn .
3. Geovec
Geovec l mt phn mm chy trn nn ca MicroStation cung cp cc cng c s ho bn t ng cc i t-ng trn nn nh en trng (binary) vi nh dng ca Intergraph. Mi mt i t-ng s ho bng Geovec phi -c nh ngha tr-c cc thng s ho v mu sc, lp thng tin, khi i t-ng ny -c gi l mt feature. Mi mt feature c mt tn gi v m s ring. Trong qu trnh s ho cc i t-ng bn , Geovec -c dng nhiu trong vic s ho cc i t-ng dng -ng. 1. MSFC MSFC (MicroStation Feature Collection) Modul cho php ng-i dng khai bo v t cc c tnh ho cho cc lp thng tin khc nhau ca bn phc v cho qu trnh s ho, c bit l s ho trong Geovec. Ngoi ra, MSFC cn cung cp mt lot cc cng c s ho bn trn nn MicroStation. MSFC -c s dng: - to bng phn lp v nh ngha cc thuc tnh ho cho i t-ng. - Qun l cc i t-ng cho qu trnh s ho. Lc im v lm trn -ng vi cc i t-ng -ng ring l. 2. MRFCLEAN MRFclean-c vit bng MDL (MicroStation Development Language) v chy trn nn ca MicroStation. MRFclean dng : - Xo nhng -ng, nhng im trng nhau. - Ct -ng: tch mt -ng thnh hai -ng ti im giao vi -ng khc. - T ng loi cc on tha c di nh hn Dangle-factor nhn vi tolerence. 3. MRFFLAG MRFflag -c thit k t-ng hp vi MRFclean, dng t ng hin th ln mn hnh ln l-t cc v tr c li m MRFclean nh du tr-c v ng-i s s dng cc cng c ca MicroStation sa.
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4. IPLOT OT gm c Iplot Client v Iplot Server -c thit k ring cho vic in n cc tp tin .dgn ca MicroStation. Iplot Client nhn cc yu in trc tip ti cc trm lm vic, cn Iplot Server nhn cc yu cu in qua mng. Do vy trn my tnh ca bn t nht phi ci t Iplot Client. Iplot cho php t cc thng s in nh- lc nt, th t in cc i t-ng ... thng qua tp tin iu khin l pen-table
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Ch-ng III
Cn bn v phn mm MicroStation
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Ch-ng ny cung cp mt s khi nim c bn v file cu trc mt file d liu trong MicroStation v h-ng dn cc bn thc hnh mt s thao tc c bn khi lm vic vi MicroStation, bao gm: - Lm vic vi cc design file. - Cu trc ca mt design file. - i t-ng ho. - Thao tc iu khin mn hnh. - Cch s dng cc phm chut. - Cc ch bt im. - S dng cc cng c trong MicroStation.
1. Lm vic vi cc design file
File d liu ca MicroStation gi l design file. MicroStation ch cho php ng-i s dng m v lm vic vi mt design file ti mt thi im. File ny gi l Active Design file. Nu bn m mt design file khi bn c mt Design file khc ang m sn, MicroStation s t ng ng file u tin li. Tuy nhin bn c th xem (tham kho) ni dung ca cc design file khc bng cc tc ng n cc file d-i dng cc file tham kho (Reference File). Mt design file trong MicroStation -c to bng cch copy mt file chun gi l Seed File. Cch to Design File 1. Khi ng MicroStation xut hin hp thoi MicroStation Manager. 2. T file chn New xut hin hp hi thoi Create Design file. 3. nh tn file vo hp text Files: v d Study.dgn. 4. Chn Seed file bng cch bm vo nt select... xut hin hp hi thoi Select seed file. 5. Chn -ng dn n tn thmc v tn seed file cho bn ca mnh. V d file gauss-108.dgn s l seed file -c chn cho bn Study.dgn.
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6. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi Select seed file. 7. Chn thmc cha file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 8. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi Create Design file
Cch th hai to mt file mi khi ang lm vic vi mt design file bng cch t file menu ca ca s lnh chn New xut hin hp hi thoi Create Design File. Tip tc lm t b-c 3 tr i.
Cch m mt Design file d-i dng Active design File Cch 1: Chn thmc cha file v tn file t hp hi thoi MicroStation Manager bm OK. Cch 2: 1. T thanh Menu chn File chn Open xut hin hp hi thoi Open
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design File. 2. T List file of Type chn (*.dgn) nu ch-a c sn. Kh tt c cc file c ui (.dgn) s xut hin trn hp danh sch tn file. 3. Chn thmc cha file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 4. Chn tn File. 5. Bm nt OK. Cch m mt Design file d-i dng mt Reference File. 1. T thanh Menu chn File chn Reference xut hin hp hi thoi Reference Files.
2. T thanh menu ca hp hi thoi Reference file chn Tools chn Attach... xut hin hp hi thoi Attach Reference File. 3. Chn thmc cha file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 4. Chn tn file. 5. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi Attach Reference files. Khi chn hp hi thoi Reference Files s xut hin tn file va chn. 6. Phm Display -c nh du khi mun hin th file. 7. Phm Snap -c nh du khi mun s dng ch bt im i vi Reference file. 8. Phm Locate -c nh du khi mun xem thng tin ca i t-ng hoc copy i t-ng trong Reference file. Cch ng mt Reference file Trong hp hi thoi Reference file chn tn file cn ng chn Tools chn Detach.
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Cch nn file (Compress Design file) Khi xo i t-ng trong Dessign file, i t-ng khng b xo hn m ch -c nh du l xo i t-ng. Ch sau khi nn file th cc i t-ng -c xo mi -c loi b hn khi b nh. Qu trnh nn file s lm cho b nh ca file b gim xung. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn File chn Compress Design. Cch l-u tr d-i dng mt file d phng (save as, back up). MicroStation t ng ghi li d liu sau mi ln thay i file active. V vy ng-i s dng khng cn ghi li d liu sau mi ln ng file active hoc thot khi MicroStation. Tuy nhin phng cc tr-ng hp bt trc, ng-i s dng nn ghi li file d liu d-i dng mt File d phng bng cch thay i tn file hoc phn m rng ca file. Cch 1: T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn File chn Save as. 1. Ghi li file bng cch thay i tn file nh-ng gi nguyn phn m rng l DGN. 2. Chn thmc cha file (c th ct trong thmc c) bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. Cch 2: T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh Backup sau bm Enter trn bn phm. MicroStation s ghi li file active thnh mt file c phn m rng l (.bak), Tn file v thmc cha file gi nguyn.
2. Cu trc file (.dgn), khi nim Level
D liu trong file DGN -c tch ring thnh tng lp d liu. Mi mt lp d liu -c gi l mt level. Mt file DGN nhiu nht c 63 level. Cc level ny -c qun l theo m s t 163 hoc theo tn ca level do ng-i s dng t. Cc level d liu c th hin th (bt) hoc khng hin th (tt) trn mn hnh. Khi tt c cc level cha d liu -c bt mn hnh s hin th y ni dung ca bn v. Ta cng c th tt tt c cc level tr level ang hot ng gi l Active level. Active level l level cc i t-ng s -c v trn . Cch t tn level. 1. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Settings chn Level chn Name xut hin hp hi thoi Level Names. 2. Bm vo nt Add xut hin hp hi thoi Level name. 3. Number: m s level 4. Name: tn level (nh hn hoc bng 6 k t)
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5. Comment: gii thch thm v tn, c th c hoc khng (nh hn hoc bng 32 k t). 6. Bm nt OK. Cch t tn level thnh active level Cch 1: T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh lv = m s hoc tn level sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm.
Cch 2: Chn m s level t phm level trn thanh Primary. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Tools chn Primery xut hin thanh Primary. Bm vo phm Active level (phm th hai t tri sang phi) xut hin bng 63 level ko chut n m s level cn chn. Cch bt, tt level. Cch 1: T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh on=m s hoc tn level sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm bt level cn hin th. Trong tr-ng hp mun bt nhiu level mt lc th m s hoc tn ca level cch nhau mt du ",". Mun tt cc level thay "on" bng "of". Cch 2: T bn phm bm lin hai phm Ctrl_E xut hin hp View levels Cc level bt l cc vung -c bi en, cc level tt l cc vung c mu xm. Mi ln bm con tr vo mt vung no , vung s i ch t xm sang en hoc t en sang xm. Sau khi chn xong level cn tt, bt bm phm Apply.
3. i t-ng ho (Element)
Khi nim i t-ng (element) Mi mt i t-ng ho xy dng ln Design file -c gi l mt element. Element c th l mt im, -ng, vng hoc mt ch ch thch. Mi mt element -c nh ngha bi cc thuc tnh ho sau: + Level: (1-63) + Color: (1-255) + Line Weight: (1-31) + Line Style: (0-7, custom style) + Fill color: (cho cc i t-ng ng vng t mu).
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Cc kiu i t-ng (element type) s dng cho cc bn s. 1. Kiu Element th hin cc i t-ng dng im: - L 1 Point = Line (on thng) c di bng 0. - L 1 cell (mt k hiu nh) -c v trong MicroStation. Mi mt cell -c nh ngha bi mt tn ring v -c l-u tr trong mt thvin cell (Cell library). 2. Kiu Element th hin cc i t-ng dng -ng: - Line: on thng ni gia hai im. - LineString: -ng gm mt chui cc on thng ni lin vi nhau. (s on thng < 100) - Chain: l mt -ng to bi 100 on thng ni lin nhau. - Complex String: s on thng to nn -ng > 100. Ch : cc element c kiu l Chain v Complex String, MicroStation khng cho php chn thm im vo -ng. 3. Kiu Element th hin cc i t-ng dng vng: - Shape: l mt vng c s on thng to ln -ng bao ca vng ln nht bng 100. - Complex Shape: l mt vng c s on thng to nn -ng bao ca vng ln hn 100 hoc l mt vng -c to t nhng line hoc linestring ri nhau. 4. Kiu Element th hin cc i t-ng dng ch vit: - Text: i t-ng ho dng ch vit. - Text Node: nhiu i t-ng text -c nhm li thnh mt Element.
4. Cc thao tc iu khin mn hnh
Cc cng c s dng phng to, thu nh hoc dch chuyn mn hnh -c b tr gc d-i bn tri ca mi mt ca s (window). Uplate: v li ni dung ca ca s mn hnh .
1. Zoom in: phng to ni dung. 2. Zoom out: thu nh ni dung. 3. Window area: phng to ni dung trong mt vng. 4. Fit view: thu ton b ni dung ca bn v vo trong mn hnh.
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5. Pan: dch chuyn ni dung theo mt h-ng nht nh. 6. View previous: quay li ch mn hnh lc tr-c. 7. View next: quay li ch mn hnh lc tr-c khi s dng lnh View previous. Ch : S dng cc lnh iu khin mn hnh khng lm dn on cc lnh ang s dng tr-c .
5. Cch s dng cc phm chut
Khi s dng chut s ho trn mn hnh ta s phi s dng th-ng xuyn mt trong ba phm chut sau: Data, Reset, Tentative. Phm Data -c yu cu s dng trong cc tr-ng hp sau: - Xc nh mt im trn file DGN (v d: khi v i t-ng hoc chn i t-ng). - Xc nh ca s mn hnh no -c chn (v d khi s dng lnh fit view hoc update mn hnh). - Chp nhn mt thao tc no (v d nh- xo i t-ng). Phm Reset -c yu cu s dng trong cc tr-ng hp sau: - B d hoc kt thc mt lnh hoc mt thao tc no . - Tr li b-c tr-c trong nhng lnh hoc nhng ch-ng trnh c nhiu thao tc. - Khi ang thc hin d mt thao tc v thc hin kt hp vi thao tc iu khin mn hnh, th mt hoc hai ln bm phm Reset s kt thc thao tc iu khin mn hnh v quay tr li thao tc ang thc hin d ban u. Phm Tentative -c yu cu s dng trong tr-ng hp bt im (snap). Cch t quy nh cho cc phm chut. T thanh menu ca MicroStation ta chn Workspace chn Button assignments xut hin hp hi thoi Button Assignments.
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1. Chn mt phm chc nng (v d chn phm Data). 2. Dch chuyn con tr xung phn Button Definition area. 3. Bm phm chut (v d phm tri) mun s dng lm phm chn (data). Nu chut ch c hai phm th mt trong ba phm chc nng (th-ng l phm Tentative) s phi dng cng lc hai phm chut. 4. Bm nt OK.
6. Cc ch bt im (snap mode)
tng chnh xc cho qu trnh s ho trong nhng tr-ng hp mun t im Data vo ng v tr cn chn, phm Tentative s -c dng -a con tr vo ng v tr tr-c. Thao tc -c gi l bt im (Snap to Element). Cc ch chn la cho thao tc bt im gm: Nearest: con tr s bt vo v tr gn nht trn element. Keypoint: con tr s bt vo im nt gn nht element. Midpoin: con tr s bt vo im gia ca element. Center: con tr s bt vo tm im ca i t-ng. Origin: con tr s bt vo im gc ca cell. Intersection: con tr s bt vo im ct nhau gia hai -ng giao nhau. Cch bt im Chn Snap mode bng mt trong hai cch sau: 1. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Settings chn Snap chn mt trong nhng ch trn.
2. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Settings chn Snap chn Button Bar xut hin thanh Snap Mode chn mt trong nhng biu t-ng t-ng ng vi cc ch chn trn.
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7. S dng cc cng c ca MicroStation
Thanh cng c. d dng, thun tin trong thao tc, MicroStation cung cp rt nhiu cc cng c (drawing tools) t-ng -ng nh- cc lnh. Cc cng c ny th hin trn mn hnh d-i dng cc biu t-ng v (icon) v -c nhm theo cc chc nng c lin quan thnh nhng thanh cng c (tool box), cc thanh cng c th-ng dng nht trong MicroStation -c t trong mt thanh cng c chnh (Main tool box) v -c rt gn dng cc biu t-ng. Thanh cng c chnh -c t ng m mi khi ta bt MicroStation v ta c th thy tt c cc chc nng ca MicroStation trong . Ta c th dng chut ko cc thanh cng c con ra thnh mt Tool box hon chnh, hoc chn tng icon trong tool thao tc. Khi ta s dng mt cng c no th tool s dng s l hin thi v chuyn mu thnh mu sm. Ngoi ra i km vi mi cng c -c chn l hp Tool setting, hp ny hin th tn ca cng c v cc phn t thng s i km (nu c). Thanh cng c v i t-ng dng -ng, tuyn (Linear Element Tools).
Thanh cng c v i t-ng dng im
Thanh cng c v i t-ng dng vng (polygons Tools)
Thanh cng c v -ng trn, ellipses.
Thanh cng c v v sa cc i t-ng dng ch.
Thanh cng c v cc k hiu dng cell.
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Thanh cng c tri k hiu cho cc i t-ng dng vng.
Thanh cng c dng copy, dch chuyn tng t l hoc quay i t-ng.
Thanh cng c sa cha i t-ng.
Thanh cng c dng lin kt cc i t-ng ring l thnh mt i t-ng hoc ph b lin kt .
Thanh cng c tnh ton cc gi tr v khong cch hoc ln ca i t-ng.
Thanh cng c chn i t-ng.
Cng c xo i t-ng
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Ch-ng IV
thit k chung ---------------------Ch-ng ny h-ng dn cc bn thc hin mt cch c th cc b-c cng vic chun b chung cho mt hoc nhiu cc bn cng th loi tr-c khi tin hnh vecto ho. Bao gm: To file bn Design. (xem ch-ng 3) Thit k bng phn lp. To file bng i t-ng (Feature table). Thit k k hiu dng im v pattern. Thit k k hiu dng -ng. Chn cc font ch ting vit vo MicroStation. Thit k bng mu mi cho tng loi bn
1. Thit k bng phn lp
m boqu trnh s ho cc i t-ng a l t cc bn giy v qu trnh s l d liu sau khi s ho mt cch d dng, da vo cc kh nng cho php nhn dng v chn la i t-ng ca phn mm MicroStation, tt c cc i t-ng a l th hin trn mt mnh bn s -c gp nhm thnh tng nhm i t-ng v s ho, l-u tr trn mt file hoc nhiu file DGN khc nhau. Nguyn tc chung khi phn lp i t-ng l cc i t-ng c cng tnh cht chuyn c th -c gp thnh mt nhm. Trong mt nhm cc i t-ng c cng mt kiu d liu th hin c th xp trn cng mt lp d liu. V th trong bng phn lp i t-ng, mi mt i t-ng bn phi -c nh ngha bi: tn nhm i t-ng, tn i t-ng, m i t-ng (duy nht), kiu d liu, s lp (1-63 trong 1 file dgn), mu sc (0-255), kiu -ng, lc nt, kiu ch, kch th-c ch, tn k hiu. (y cng l danh sch cc ct trong bng i t-ng). Tr-c khi to file bng i t-ng, bn phi lit k y cc i t-ng cn th hin v xc nh y cc thng s cho i t-ng theo bng trn.
2. To file bng i t-ng (feature table)
MSFC gip cc bn qun l i t-ng bn cn s ho thng qua file Feature table (.tbl). Trong file ny cc bn s qun l cc nhm i t-ng theo cc Category. Tn ca Category l tn ca nhm i t-ng. Cc i t-ng cng nhm -c nh ngha c th bng: m i t-ng (Feature code), tn i t-ng (feature name), s lp
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(Level), mu sc (color), kiu -ng (linestyle), lc nt (Weight). V d: Ta s to file a chnh.tbl cha cc i t-ng s th hin trn bn a chnh, -c phn nhm v thit k nh- sau: Nhm nn a hnh cha cc i t-ng sau: Level color M Tn i t-ng 1.1 Cc im khng ch 10 0 1.2 a gii Tnh 11 0 1.3 a gii Huyn 12 4 1.4 a gii X 13 3 1.5 Ranh gii n-c 14 7 1.6 Ghi ch thu h 15 2 1.7 Ghi ch a danh 16 0 1. Nhm a chnh cha cc i t-ng sau: Level color M Tn i t-ng 2.1 Ranh gii tha t 20 0 2.2 Ranh gii cc CT xy dng 21 3 2.3 S hiu tha 22 4 2.4 Din tch tha t 23 6 2.5 Ghi ch s dng t 24 10 Cch to file (.tbl) mi. 1. Khi ng Feature Table Editor bng cch: Bm vo Start chn Program chn I-Geovec chn Feature Table Editor xut hin hp hi thoi Creat/Edit Feature Table. Linestyle 0 4 6 4 0 0 0 Linestyle 0 2 0 0 0 Weight 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 Weight 2 1 0 0 0
2. Bm vo phm Creat xut hin hp hi thoi Create Feature Table. 3. Chn thmc cn l-u file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn phi. 4. nh tn file vo hp Text Files. 5. Bm phm xut hin hp hi thoi Feature Table Editor Command Window.
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Cch to Category (nhm i t-ng) T hp hi thoi Feature Table Editor Command Window chn Edit chn Creat/Edit Category xut hin hp hi thoi Creat/Edit Category 1. Bm vo nt ADD. 2. nh tn nhm i t-ng vo hp text Active Category bm Tab trn bn phm. 3. Lm li b-c 2-3 nu mun nhp thm Category. 4. (Nu) mun sa li tn Category bm nt EDIT chn tn Ctegory cn sa. 5. (Nu) mun xo tn Category bm nt DELETE chn tn Ctegory cn xo. 6. Bm OK sau khi to xong. Cch to v nh ngha Feature (i t-ng) 1. T hp hi thoi Feature Table Editor command Window chn Edit chn Creat/Edit Feature xut hin hp hi thoi List Feature. 2. Chn nhm i t-ng cha i t-ng cn nh ngha bng cch bm con tr vo nhm i t-ng bn hp Creat/Edit Category xut hin tn nhm i t-ng va chn trn hp Active Category. 3. nh m i t-ng vo hp Active Feature Code. 4. nh tn i t-ng vo hp Active Feature Name. 5. Bm phm Apply xut hin hp hi thoi Edit Feature Characteristics.
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1. Bm vo Linear xut hin hp hi thoi Edit Linear Characteristics. 2. nh s kiu -ng vo hp text Style. 3. nh s lc nt vo hp text weight. 4. nh s level vo hp text Level. 5. nh s mu vo hp text Color. 6. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi Edit Linear Characteristics. 7. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi List Feature.
Cch ghi file. T hp hi thoi Feature Table Editor Command Window chn File chn Save. Cch thot khi Feature Table Editor. T hp hi thoi Feature Table Editor Command Window chn File chn exit xut hin hp thng bo hi li ng-i s dng c mun ghi li file tr-c khi thot khng?, nu mun bm OK, nu khng mun bm Cancel.
2. Thit k k hiu dng im v pattern
Cc k hiu dng im v pattern -c to thnh cc cell v cha trong cc thmc cell ring cho tng loi v tng t l bn khc nhau.Kch th-c cc cell khi
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thit k tnh theo n v o chnh MU (master unit) v s bng kch th-c cc k hiu khi in ra giy nhn vi mu s ca t l bn .Trong qu trnh thit k k hiu ng-i s dng phi bit s dng mt cch kt hp v hi ho cc cng c, cc chc nng gip v chnh xc i t-ng ca MicroStation. (tham kho thm cch s dng cc cng c v i t-ng trong quyn MicroStation 95 User's Guide). Cell type: C hai kiu cell chnh Graphic v point. Cc thuc tnh ho ca mt cell dng graphic -c t khi v k hiu, trong khi cc gi tr thuc tnh ca mt cell dng point s -c t ti thi im v cell.Tr-c khi thit k mt cell ng-i s dng phi to hoc m thvin s cha cell , v k hiu to k hiu thnh cell. Cch to mi mt thvin cha cell (cell library). 1. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Element chn Cells xut hin hp hi thoi Cell Library. 2. T thanh menu ca Cell Library chn File chn New xut hin hp hi thoi Create Cell Library.
3. Chn seed file cho cell Library bng cch bm vo phm Select (xem phn chn seed file bi 2). 4. Chn thmc cha file. 5. nh tn thvin cell vi phn m rng l (.cel) trong hp text files. 6. Bm phm OK. Cch to mi mt cell 1. M hoc to mi cell library cha cell 2. V k hiu.
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3. Bao fence quanh k hiu va v. 4. Chn cng c Define Cell origin. 5. Bm phm Data vo im t k hiu. 6. Trong hp cell Library bm phm Create. Xut hin hp hi thoi Create New Cell 7. nh tn cell vo hp Text Name (nh hn 6 k t) 8. nh phn gii thch tn cell vo hp text Description (< 27 k t). 9. Chn kiu cell. 10. Bm phm Create. Cch xo mt cell khi thvin cha cell. 1. Chn cell. 2. Bm phm Delete xut hin hp hi thoi Edit Cell information 3. nh tn cell mi v phn m rng vo hp text Name v Description. 4. Bm phm Modify
3. Thit k k hiu dng -ng.
Cc k hiu dng -ng -c thit k d-i dng l cc kiu -ng custom. Cc kiu -ng dng biu th cc i t-ng dng -ng ca bn -c cha trong thvin kiu -ng (line style library) hay cn gi l file resource. Vd: DH50.rsc. s dng -c cc kiu -ng ny, cc file resource bt buc phi -c l-u trong thmc: \\win32app\ustation\wsmod\defaut\symbol\*.rsc. Trong file resource mi mt k hiu dng -ng -c nh ngha bao gm tn k hiu, tn ny -c gn mt kiu nh ngha -ng. C 3 kiu nh ngha -ng: - Kiu Stroke pattern: -ng -c nh ngha d-i dng l mt nt t v mt nt lin c chiu di -c xc nh mt cch chnh xc (n v tnh theo n v chnh_MU), lc nt ca cc nt lin cng -c xc nh mt cch chnh xc, mu sc ca -ng s -c nh ngha tu theo ng-i s dng sau ny. - Kiu point symbol: Mt chui cc k hiu nh gi l cc point symbol (-c to ging nh- to cell) t dc theo chiu di ca i t-ng, khong cch gia cc k hiu -c xc nh chnh xc (theo n v o chnh) da trn chiu di ca cc nt lin ca mt -ng dng Stroke pattern. - Kiu compound: Kiu -ng ny -c to nn t s kt hp bt k cc kiu
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-ng no vi nhau. Kiu ny th-ng -c s dng khi to cc k hiu dng -ng va th hin cc nt v cc k hiu nh tri dc theo -ng. Ty vo hnh dng v cch th hin k hiu dng -ng m cc k hiu -c to da trn mt trong 3 kiu -ng trn. Cch to mi mt thvin kiu -ng (line style library). 1. Cng c Edit Line stype trong thanh Primary Tools xut hin hp hi thoi Line style Editor
2. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn file chn New xut hin hp hi thai Create Line Style Library.
3. nh tn thvin mi vo hp text files. 4. Khng thay i -ng dn (hoc -ng dn phi ng nh- trong bng v d). 5. Bm phm OK tt bng hi thoi. Cch m mt thvin kiu -ng (line Style Library). 1. Cng c Edit Line Style trong thanh Primary Tools.
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Chn tn thvin kiu -ng bn hp danh sch cc tn.
2. Bm phm OK.
Cch to mi mt -ng kiu Stroke 1. M hoc to mi mt thvin cha kiu -ng . 2. Xc nh b-c lp ca -ng v cc gi tr di, rng ca mi nt gch. V d: kiu -ng mn ca bn a hnh 1/50000 c b-c lp gm mt nt gch t. di ca nt gch lin s =1mm * 50000. di ca nt gch t s =0.8mm*50000. 3. T thanh menu ca hp hi thoi Line Style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Stroke Pattern xut hin dng ch New stroke componet bn hp text component. 4. nh tn m t kiu -ng thay th cho dng ch New stroke component. 5. Bm phm Add trong phn stroke patternddeer nh ngha nt gch u tin. 6. Bm con tr chn nt gch. 7. Nhp gi tr di ca nt gch vo hp text Length (= di nt gch khi in ra giy* vi mu s t l bn ). 8. Chn kiu ca nt gch (Dash l nt lin, Gap l nt t). 9. Nu mun t rng ca nt gch lin (lc nt), chn mode width l full nhp gi tr lc nt vo hp text Start v End.
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10. Nu cn nh ngha nt gch th hai lm li cc b-c t 4-9. 11. t tn cho kiu -ng bng cch: T thanh menu ca hp hi thoi Line Style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Name xut hin dng ch Unname. 12. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn file chn Save ghi li kiu -ng .
4. Cch to mi mt -ng kiu Point symbol
1. M hoc to mi mt thvin cha kiu -ng. 2. Xc nh b-c lp ca -ng, kch th-c v hnh dng k hiu to -ng, khong cch gia cc k hiu ging nhau. V d: Kiu -ng danh gii thc vt ca bn 1/50.000 c b-c lp l mt k hiu hnh trn, -ng knh = 0.2mm*50000; khong cch gia cc k hiu = 0.8mm*50.000. 3. V k hiu -ng. 4. Bao fence quanh k hiu. 5. nh ngha im t k hiu bng cng c Define cell origin. (xem phn to cell). 6. Chn k t va to vo thvin -ng bng cch: T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh Create symbol, tn symbol sau
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bm phm Enter trn bn phm.
Khi thy xut hin dng nhc Symbol add to line style library, ngha l k hiu chn vo thvin kiu -ng. 7. To -ng Base line (-ng nn) kiu stroke pattern t k hiu. B-c lp ca -ng ny l mt nt lin c di bng khong cch gia cc k hiu ging nhau. Bng cch: T thanh menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn stroke pattern xut hin dng ch New stroke component nh tn -ng Base line thay th cho dng ch New stroke component thc hin tip t b-c 4-8 nh- phn to mi kiu -ng stroke. 8. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Point xut hin dng ch New stroke component. nh tn m t -ng thay th cho dng ch New stroke component.
5. Chn v tr t k hiu
1. chn origin khi mun t mt k hiu vo im bt u ca -ng (v d ca -ng hnh mi tn). 2. Chn End khi mun t mt k hiu vo cc im cui ca -ng (v d
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cc -ng hnh mi tn). 3. Chn Verter khi mun t mt k hiu vo cc im t trn -ng. 4. Nu mun t k hiu di u theo mt khong cch nht nh bm vo phm Base stroke pattern chn kiu -ng chun. xut hin hp hi thoi Base stroke pattern cha cc kiu -ng stroke.
Bm phm chut vo kiu -ng chun cho k hiu cn to. Bm phm OK.
6. Chn k hiu.
Bm chut vo thanh Base line tr-c khi chn k hiu.

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- Bm phm select chn k hiu. xut hin hp hi thoi Select point symbol.
- Bm chut chn k hiu cn to. Mu -ng sau khi chn k hiu

7. t tn cho kiu -ng:
T thanh menu ca hp hi thoi line style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Name xut hin dng ch Unname bn hp text Name nh tn -ng thay th cho dng ch Unname. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn File chn Save ghi li kiu -ng . Cch to kiu -ng compound Xc nh cc -ng thnh phn v v tr gia cc -ng. V d 1: Kiu -ng ca bn a hnh 1/50000 gm hai -ng thnh phn kiu stroke lc nt 0.15mm*50000 v cch nhau 0.4mm*50000. V d 2: kiu -ng dy in ca bn a hnh 1/50000 gm 4 -ng thnh phn : - -ng kiu stroke lc nt 0.15* 50000 - -ng kiu point symbol k hiu l mt chm trn -ng knh 0.2mm* 50000 - -ng kiu point symbol k hiu hnh mi tn xui kch th-c (1;1)mm * 50000 cch nhau 18mm.
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- -ng kiu point symbol k hiu hnh mi tn ng-c kch th-c (1;1)mm*50000 cch nhau 18 mm. M hoc to mi mt thvin cha -ng cn to. - To cc -ng component (xem cch to -ng kiu stroke v point symbol). - T thanh Menu ca hp Line style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Compound xut hin dng ch New Compound Component bn hp Text Component.
- Thay tn m t -ng cn to thay th cho dng ch New Compound Component bn hp Text Component. 1. Trong hp Sub Component bm phm insert.
2. Dng con tr chn tng -ng thnh phn ca -ng cn to mt sau

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bm phm OK. 3. t v tr cho cc -ng thnh phn theo chiu dc to khong cch cho cc -ng bng cch: t bng danh sch cc -ng thnh phn trong hp subcomponent bm chut chn -ng cn thay i v tr nhp gi tr v tr cho -ng vo hp text Offset. Nu gi tr > 0 nh s bnh th-ng; nu gi tr < 0 nh thm du (-) ng tr-c s. 4. t tn cho kiu -ng bng cch: t thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn Edit chn Create chn Name xut hin dng ch Unname nh tn -ng thay th cho dng ch Unname.
5. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn File chn Save ghi li kiu -ng . Cch xo mt kiu -ng thnh phn 1. Bn hp danh sch ca Component chn tn -ng thnh phn cn xo. 2. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn Edit chn Delete xo kiu -ng thnh phn . Cch xo mt kiu -ng 1. Xo cc -ng thnh phn to ln -ng (xem phn trn). 2. Bn hp danh sch cc tn -ng (Names) chn tn -ng cn xo. 3. T thanh Menu ca hp hi thoi Line style Editor chn Edit chn Delete xo kiu -ng .
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8. Cch s dng cc font ting vit trong MicroStation
s dng -c cc font ch ting Vit trong MicroStation, cc font ch d-i dng Truetype s -c chn vo mt file resource (.rsc) v t trong thmc c -ng dn sau: \\win32app\ustation\wsmod\default\symb\*.rsc. Bn c th to mi mt file ring cha cc kiu ch ting Vit bn mun hoc bn c th chn trc tip vo file font.rsc c sn trong MicroStation. Cch to mi mt thvin (.rsc) cha cc font trong MicroStation. Trn thanh menu chn Utilities chn Install Font xut hin hp hi thoi Font installer
1. Trong hp hi thoi Font installer, bn pha Destination file bm phm New xut hin hp hi thoi Create Font Library. 2. Chn thmc cha file theo -ng dn nh- trn. 3. nh tn file mi vo hp text Files 4. Bm phm OK.
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Cch m mt thvin (.rsc) cha cc font ch trong MicroStation. 1. Trong hp hi thoi Font InStaller, bn pha Destination file bm phm Open xut hin hp hi thoi Open Font Library.
2. Chn tn file. 3. Bm phm OK. Cch chn mt kiu ch mi vo mt thvin (.rsc) cha cc font ch trong MicroStation. 1. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Utilities chn install Fonts... xut hin hp hi thoi Font installer.
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2. M file font ch cn chn. V d vharabia v vhavanb. Bng cch : bm vo phm Open bn hp Source File. Xut hin hp hi thoi Open Suorce Font File.
Trong thanh lc ui file Type chn True Type (.ttf). Chn thmc cha file font ch cn chn bng cch nhp i vo cc hp
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thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. Chn cc font ch bng cch bm chut vo tn font bm phm add xut hin -ng dn v tn font ch trong hp file List. Bm phm Done sau khi chn xong font ch. Khi trong danh sch cc source file ca hp Font installer xut hin danh sch cc font va chn. 3. M thvin s cha font ch cn chn. V d new.rsc phm copy s bt sng. 4. Bm con tr vo mt tn font ch bn hp Source File 5. Bm vo phm Copy. 6. Bm con tr vo font ch va copy bn hp Destination file (new.rsc). 7. (Nu mun) thay i t font trong hp text Name. 8. (Nu mun) thay i th t font trong hp text Number. 9. Bm phm Done khi kt thc cng vic v xo hp hi thoi Font installer.
9. Thit k bng mu
Cch to mt bng mu mi 1. T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Settings chn Color Table xut
hin bng Color table. 2. T thanh menu ca bng color table chn file chn Save as. xut hin hp hi thoi Save Color table.
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3. Chn thmc cha file bn hp Directory. 4. nh tn bng mu mi trong hp text Files. 5. Bm phm Ok. Cch thit k bng mu mi cho tng loi bn . 1. Chn s mu th hin i t-ng cn thay i thng s ( v d mu s 3). 2. Bm nt Change. xut hin hp hi thoi Modify Color <s mu cn i>.
3. Bm nt Color Model chn ph-ng php pha mu. (v d RGB(0-255)). 4. Nhp cc thng s mi ca tng mu thnh phn vo trong 3 hp text (red, green, blue). 5. Hoc bm chut chn vo cc vng mu bn bng mu mu. 6. Bm phm OK. 7. Bm phm Attach ghi li cc thng s ca mu va thay i v thay i mu th hin i t-ng trn mn hnh.
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Ch-ng V
NN BN
--------------
Mc ch ca qu trnh nn bn l chuyn i cc nh qut ang to hng ct ca cc pixel v to trc a (to thc - h to a l hoc to phng). y l b-c quan trng nht trong qu trnh thnh lp bn s v n nh h-ng n ton b chnh xc ca bn sau khi -c s ho da trn nn nh. Qu trnh nn ny -c da trn to ca cc im khng ch trn nh, to cc im khng ch t-ng ng trn file dgn v m hnh -c chn nn (cc m hnh nn -c vit sn trong phn mm irasb). i vi cc nh qut t bn trn giy, im khng ch -c chn nn nh th-ng l cc mt l-i Km. Ch-ng ny s h-ng dn cc bn to dng l-i Km ca cc bn t l ln v cch nn bn .
1. To l-i Km
Ch cch lm ny ch p dng vi nhng bn t l ln, cc -ng l-i Km thng v song song vi nhau. to -c l-i Km cc bn phi lm ln l-t cc b-c sau: - Nhp to ca cc im. - Ni 4 im gc khung to thnh 4 cnh ca khung. - Copy cc cnh ca khung to thnh cc -ng l-i Km trong khung. 1.1. Nhp to ca cc im. Tr-c khi nhp to cho cc im, cc thuc tnh ho ca im nh- Level, Color, Lintyle, Weight phi -c t tr-c. Cc im ny th-ng tn ti d-i dng l mt line c di bng 0 (xem phn cc kiu element bi 2), v vy ln ca im ph thuc vo Weight v kiu -ng s khng nh h-ng n hnh dng ca im. Cch t thuc tnh ho cho cc im. T thanh cng c Primary Tools.
Bm vo nt Color xut hin bng mu chn mu Bm vo nt level xut hin bng 63 level chn level. Bm vo nt LineStyle xut hin 7 kiu -ng chun, chn kiu -ng s 0.
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Bm vo nt Weight xut hin bng lc nt chn lc nt. Cch nhp to im 1. Chn cng c nhp im t thanh cng c Main ca MicroStation. 2. T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh XY= x1,y1 sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm. v d x1= 9720; y1= 7660
1.2. Ni 4 im gc khung to thnh 4 cnh ca khung. 1. t thuc tnh ho cho -ng (xem phn trn). 2. Chn cng c v -ng. 3. Chn mode Snap l Keypoint. 4. Snap vo im bt u ca mt -ng. 5. Bm phm data bt u mt -ng. 6. Snap vo im tip theo (im kt thc) ca -ng. 7. Bm phm Data kt thc mt -ng. 1.3. Copy cc cnh khung to thnh cc gch l-i Km. 1. Chn cng c Move parallel.
2. nh du vo 2 Make Copy v Distance trong hp cng c Move Parallel. 3. t khong cch gia cc -ng copy trong hp Text Distance. V d: 100 4. Bm phm Data nh du mt cnh cn copy ca khung. 5. Bm phm Data bt u lnh copy. 6. Bm phm Reset kt thc lnh.
2. Nn bn .
Cc b-c c th bao gm: - Khi ng IRASB
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- M nh vo gn v tr ca l-i Km - Nn s b - Nn chnh xc 2.1. Khi ng Irasb.
Cch 1
1. T Start chn Program chn IRASB khi ng MicroStation. 2. M file (.dgn) cha l-i Km.
Cch 2
1. Khi ng MicroStation. 2. M file (.dgn) cha l-i Km. 3. T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDL L IRASB sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm. 2.2. M file nh raster cn nn. 1. T thanh Menu ca IRACB chn File chn Open. xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD
2. T hp text File, nh tn v -ng dn ch thmc cha file. 3. (Nu) khng nh -ng dn n file bm nt Browse xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD cho php chn -ng dn 4. Chn thmc cha file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 5. Chn tn file bng cch nhp i chut vo tn file bn hp danh sch cc file. 6. Bm OK quay tr li hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD.
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7. Thay i mode m nh t use raster file header transformation thnh Interactive placement by rectangle bng cch bm vo thanh mode m nh xut hin hai ch m nh chn ch th hai. 8. Bm nt Open xut hin dng nhc Place corner rectangle trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 9. Bm phm Data ti im bt k pha trn bn tri ca l-i Km. 10. Ko chut v bm phm Data ti im bt k pha d-i bn phi ca l-i Km. 2.3 Nn s b 1. T thanh menu ca IRASB chn View chn Plancement chn Match points all layers xut hin dng nhc Enter raster reference point trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 2. Bm phm Data chn im gc khung pha trn bn tri ca file nh raster dng nhc chuyn sang Enter distance point in raster layer trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 3. Bm phm Data chn im gc khung pha d-i bn phi ca file nh raster dng nhc chuyn sang Enter design file reference point trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 4. Snap v bm phm Data chn im gc khung pha trn bn tri ca l-i Km dng nhc chuyn sang Enter distance point in design file trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 5. Snap v bm phm Data chn im gc khung pha d-i bn phi ca l-i Km. 6. T thanh Menu ca IRASB chn File chn Save chn Save active layer hoc Save active layer as ghi li ch nh va nn s b. 2.4. Nn chnh xc. 1. Chn cng c nn nh Warp. xut hin dng nhc enter Source point #1 trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 2. Chn im khng ch th nht trn file Raster. xut hin dng nhc Enter destination point #1 trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation 3. Chn im khng ch th nht t-ng ng trn l-i Km (trn file dgn). xut hin dng nhc Enter source point #2 trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation.
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4. Chn im khng ch th hai trn file Raster. xut hin dng nhc Enter destination point #2 MicroStation. trn ca s lnh ca
5. Chn im khng ch th hai t-ng ng trn l-i Km (trn file dgn). 6. Tip tc chn cc im khng ch cn li. 7. Khi chn xong im khng ch cui cng bm phm Reset xut hin bng IRASB WARP. Chn m hnh chuyn i bm phm Transformation model chn m hnh chuyn i. - M hnh Helmert: l qu trnh quay v thay i t l ca d liu raster. Trong m hnh ny s im khng ch ti thiu l hai. - M hnh Affine: Affine l qu trnh dn d liu theo mt hoc nhiu h-ng ph thuc vo s bc ca a thc trong m hnh ton hc (bc affine). a thc bc 1 ch n gin l dn -ng, a thc bc hai c mt ch un cong ging nh- parabol, a thc bc 3 c hai ch un cong v d nh- nhng mt hnh ch S, ... .Bc affine cng cao th s im khng ch ti thiu cng nhiu. + Affine 1: 3 im + Affine 2: 6 im + Affine 3: 10 im + Affine 4: 15 im + Affine 5: 21 im+ - M hnh Project: p dng cho cc d liu b vn xon hoc b mo, trch. S im khng ch ti thiu dng cho m hnh ny l 4.
3. nh gi sai s.
Trong qu trnh nn nh ng-i s dng buc phi theo di v nh gi sai s chnh xc ca m hnh chuyn i hin thi v cc im sai s di chuyn n quyt nh c chn m hnh chuyn i khng. Khi sai s gia im khng ch trn file Raster v file dgn v-t qu mc ti thiu, th-ng kh c th gn cc cp im khng ch vo nhau mt cch chnh xc. Cc gi tr sai s -c th hin bng n v o chnh Master Unit. + Sai s chun Stardard error phi nh hn hoc bng hn sai cho php ca bn * mu s t l bn . + Sai s tng bnh ph-ng SSE (Sum Squared error - l khong cch tht gia cc cp im khng ch). Sai s i vi tng im khng ch ny phi nh hn hoc
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bng hn sai cho php ca bn * mu s t l bn . Nu im c sai s ln hn gi tr cho php nn xo im i v chn li bng cch: chn im cn xo bm nt Delete point trong hp IRASB WARP. Hon thnh lnh nn nh: Sau khi chn m hnh nn chuyn v chp nhn sai s cho qu trnh nn. bm nt Perform Warp trong hp IRASB WARP.
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Ch-ng VI
VECTO HO I TNG DA TRN NN NH ----------------------------------Qu trnh vc t ho i t-ng da trn nn nh qut -c thc hin da trn cc phn mm: MSFC, Geovec, Irasb, MicroStation. Tr-c khi thc hin qu trnh vecto ho, cc file s liu sau phi -c chun b tr-c: File bng i t-ng (.tbl) cha cc i t-ng cn s ho -c phn lp v nh ngha cc thuc tnh ho tr-c. File nh bn qut -c nn chnh v to ca bn . File Design -c to da trn seed file ca bn thnh lp cha cc i t-ng s ho. File thvin cell (.cell) cha cc k hiu dng im -c thit k cho bn cn thnh lp. File kiu -ng (.rsc) cha cc k hiu dng -ng -c thit k cho bn cn thnh lp v -c l-u trong thmc c -ng dn: (c:\win32app\ustation\wsmod\default\symb\*.rsc). Ch-ng ny s gii thiu cc thao tc c th i vi mt s cc th tc v mt s cc cng c -c s dng cho vic vect ho cc i t-ng bao gm: 1. Cch khi ng Geovec v MSFC. 2. M file nh bn nn. 3. Th tc t ch t ng iu khin mn hnh. 4. Th tc chn i t-ng t bng i t-ng. 5. Cch s dng cc cng c vect ho i t-ng dng -ng. 6. Cch m mt thvin dng cell. 7. Cch s dng cc cng c vect ho i t-ng dng im. 8. Cch s dng cc cng c vect ho cc i t-ng dng ch vit.
1. Khi ng Geovec
Khi khi ng Geovec, MicroStation, MSFC v Irasb s khi ng theo. Cch 1: 1. T Start chn Program chn I_Geovec khi ng MicroStation.
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2. M file (.dgn) s cha cc i t-ng s ho xut hin hp hi thoi Select Active Feature Table. 3. Chn thmc cha file bng i t-ng TBL bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 4. Chn tn file bng cch nhp chut vo tn file bn hp danh sch cc file. Cch 2: 1. Khi ng MicroStation xut hin hp hi thoi MicroStation Manager. 2. Bm vo Workspace chn Geovec. 3. Chn thmc cha file Design bng cch nhp i vo cc hp danh sch cc thmc. 4. Chn tn file bng cch nhp i chut vo tn file bn hp danh sch cc file. xut hin hp hi thoi Select Active Feature Table. 5. Chn file bng i t-ng (xem cch 1).
2. M file nh bn nn
1. T thanh Menu ca IRASB chn File chn Open. xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD. 2. T hp text File, nh tn file v -ng dn ch thmc cha file. 3. (Nu) khng nh -ng dn n file bm nt Browse.
xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD cho php chn -ng dn. 4. Chn thmc cha file nh bng cch nhp i chut vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc. 5. Chn tn file bng cch nhp i chut vo tn file bn hp danh sch cc file. 6. Bm phm OK quay tr li hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD.
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7. Chn mode m nh Use raster file header transformation bng cch bm vo thanh mode m nh xut hin hai ch m nh chn ch m nh th nht (Use raster file header transformation). 8. Bm nt OK
3. t ch t ng iu khin mn hnh
Ch t ng iu khin mn hnh l: Ch t ng dch chuyn mn hnh: Khi bm con tr ra ngoi vng hot ng nh tr-c th v tr hin thi ca con tr s t ng nhy v tm ca mn hnh. Ch t ng phng to hoc thu nh tr v ch mn hnh t (ch c tc dng khi s dng cng c v -ng t ng ca Geovec). Cch t ch t ng iu khin mn hnh 1. Phng to mn hnh n mc thch hp khi lm vic. 2. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Application chn Geovec chn Preferences chn View
xut hin hp hi thoi View Preferences 3. nh du vo ch AutoZoom bm phm Apply. 4. nh du vo ch AutoMove bm phm Define. 5. Dch con tr ra ngoi mn hnh nh ngha khu vc hot ng (=1/3 din tch ca mn hnh).
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6. (Nu) bt phm Show, trn mn hnh s xut hin mt vung nh du vng hot ng va nh ngha. 7. T Layout chn Save as xut hin hp hi thoi Save as Layout. 8. nh tn (bt k) vo hp text Layout. 9. Bm nt OK 10. T Layout chn exit ng hp hi thoi View Prefences
4. Chn i t-ng vect ho t bng i t-ng
Tr-c khi s ho mt i t-ng xc nh tn Feature ca i t-ng chn feature t bng i t-ng. 1. Chn cng c Select feature t thanh MSFC.
xut hin hp hi thoi Feature Collection.
2. Chn Category Name bng cch bm chut vo tn category cn chn.

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xut hin danh sch i t-ng bn ct Feature Name. 3. Chn i t-ng cn s ho trong danh sch i t-ng. 4. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi.
5. Cch s dng cc cng c vect ho i t-ng dng -ng
Cch s dng cng c SmartLine.
1. Chn cng c Place Smartline.
2. t ch v -ng trong hp Place SmartLine. Segment Type: chn Lines Vertext Type: chn Sharp. nh du vo hp Join Element. 1. Bm phm Data bt u mt -ng. 2. Snap vo im tip theo nu cn thit. 3. Bm phm Data v v tr tip theo ca -ng. 4. Bm phm Reset kt thc -ng. Cch s dng cng c Trace LineString. 1. Chn cng c Trace LineString. 2. t ch lm vic trong hp cng c Trace LineString. Raster Mode: ch Reverse Video bt khi s ho vi cc black picxel v ng-c li. Intersection: h-ng x l ca lnh Trace LineString khi bt gp cc -ng giao nhau. Chn Stop: -ng s dng li ti cc im nt v ng-i s dng s chn h-ng v im tip theo ca -ng.
Chn Left: -ng s tip tc i v pha bn tri ca -ng ang s ho khi gp im nt.
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Right: -ng s tip tc i v pha bn phi ca -ng ang s ho khi gp im nt.
Chn
Chn Straight: -ng s tip tc i thng theo h-ng ang i khi gp
im nt. Vect Snap: Ch bt im khi s ho. Chn Ignore: khng s dng ch bt im. Chn Snap to: -ng ang s ho s bt vo cc im m khong cch gia im v -ng nh hn gi tr t trong set up. Chn Snap to and Break: -ng ang s ho s bt vo cc im m khong cch gia im v -ng nh hn gi tr t trong set up ng thi ngt -ng ti im v bt u mt -ng mi. Gap: chn ch Conection khi s ho cc -ng t qung. Khong cch v gc quay gia cc b-c ngt -c t trong set up. Smooth & Filter: ch lc im v lm trn -ng ngay trong qu trnh s ho. Chn None: khng lc im v khng lm trn -ng. Chn Filter: lc bt im, tolerance t cng cao th s im lc cng nhiu (tolerance c th ly bt u bng 1/3 rng ca -ng raster). Chn Smooth: lm trn -ng. Chn Smooth & Filter: lm trn -ng sau lc bt im. Chn Filter & Smooth: lc bt im tr-c khi lm trn -ng. 3. Chn -ng cn s ho.
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Con tr s t ng d-t -ng v s dng li to nhng ch d liu b t qung hoc gp nhng ch giao nhau gia cc -ng. Xut hin dng nhc <D> to enter point / <R> to end this direction trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 4. Dch chuyn con tr qua ch ngt hoc ch giao nhau n v tr tip theo ca -ng bm phm Data. (Hoc bm phm Reset quay ng-c tr li u bn kia ca -ng). Xt hin dng nhc <D> to Enter point / <R> to end Manual digitizing trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 5. Bm phm Reset kt thc ch v bng tay. Xut hin dng nhc <D> to cotinue / <R> to end this direction trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 6. Bm phm Data, con tr s tip tc d-t -ng. (Hoc bm phm Reset quay ng-c tr li u bn kia ca -ng). 7. Tip tc t b-c 4-6. 8. Khi v ht mt -ng, bm phm Reset cho n khi thy xut hin dng nhc Identify rater item trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation. 9. Chn mt -ng v bt u li t b-c 3-8.
6. Cch m mt thvin cha cell
1. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Element chn Cells xut hin hp hi thoi Cell Library.
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2. T thanh Menu ca Cell Library chn File chn Attach xut hin hp hi thoi Attach Cell Library. 3. Chn thmc cha cell bng cch nhp i vo cc hp thmc bn hp danh sch cc thmc 4. Chn tn file 5. Bm phm OK xo hp hi thoi Attach Cell Library.
7. Cch s dng cng c v cell vect ho cc i t-ng dng im
1. Chn cell theo tn cell pha bn tri ca hp hi thoi Cell Library hoc theo hnh dng cell pha bn phi (cu)
2. Bm vo phm Placement trong hp hi thoi Cell Library. 3. Chn cng c v cell.
4. t thng s v cell trong hp Place Active Cell.
Active Cell: tn cell va chn.

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Active Angle: gc quay ca cell. X Scale: t l theo chiu X. Y Scale: t l theo chiu Y. Chn ch Relative: khi mun t cell theo ng cc thng s t. Chn ch Interactive: Khi t k v h-ng quay ca cell khng c gi tr nht nh. Cch v cell theo ch Relative. 1. -a cell n v tr cn t 2. Bm phm Data Cch v cell theo ch Interactive. 1. -a cell n v tr cn t. 2. Bm phm Data 3. Ko con tr xc nh kch th-c ca cell. 4. Bm phm Data chp nhn kch th-c trn. 5. Nu kch th-c ch-a t yu cu bm phm Reset chn li. 6. Bm phm Data chp nhn kch th-c trn. 7. Quay cell chn h-ng. 8. Bm phm Data chp nhn h-ng chn trn. 9. Nu h-ng cell ch-a t yu cu bm phm reset chn li. 10. Bm phm Data chp nhn h-ng chn trn.
8. Cch s dng cng c Place text vect ho cc i t-ng dng ch vit
1. Khi ng ch-ng trnh nh ting Vit v d ABC hoc Vnkey. 2. Chn cng c Place Text. 3. t thng s ca ch vit trong hp Place Text.
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Method: By origin: kch th-c ch v h-ng ch -c t theo cc thng s xc nh. Fited: ch vit -c t gia hai im, kch th-c ch ph thuc vo im t ch. View Independent: h-ng cc ch khng ph thuc vo h-ng ca ca s hin th. Fitted VI: va Fitted va View Independent. Above Element: ch -c t trn mt on thng vi mt khong cch nh tr-c, h-ng ca ch l h-ng ca on thng. Below Element: ch -c t mt on thng vi mt khong cch nh tr-c, h-ng ca ch l h-ng ca on thng. On Element: ch -c t nm trn mt i t-ng -ng. Along Element: ch -c t dc theo i t-ng (-ng, cung trn, cc mt hnh hc), cch i t-ng mt khong nh tr-c. Mi k t -c coi nh- l mt ch. Height: chiu cao ca ch (kch th-c ch khi in * mu s t l bn ). Width: chiu rng ch (kch th-c ch in * mu s t l bn ). Font: s hiu font v tn font. Justication: im t ch. Active Angle: gc quay h-ng ch. Interchar Spacing: khong cch gia cc k t. Line Spacing: khong cch gia i t-ng v ch khi method chn l Above, below, on hoc Along Element. Cc thng s trn c th t trong hp thoi Place Text hoc trong hp thoi Text (xut hin khi chn Element > Text). Trong hp thoi Text ta c th quy nh thm ch vo gch chn hay khng (Underline) hoc nghing chnh xc ca text (slant). 1. nh ni dung ca ch trong hp text Editor.
Cch t ch theo Method By origin Dng trong tr-ng hp kch th-c v gc quay ca ch theo ph-ng nm ngang l xc nh. 1. -a ch n v tr cn t.
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2. Bm phm Data. Cch t ch theo Method Fitted Dng trong tr-ng hp kch th-c v gc quay ca ch theo ph-ng nm ngang l khng xc nh. 1. -a ch n v tr cn t. 2. Bm phm Data. 3. Ko chut xc nh kch th-c ch v h-ng quay ca ch. Cch t ch theo Method Above hoc Below Element. Dng trong tr-ng hp kch th-c ch xc nh, gc quay ca ch theo ph-ng ca mt i t-ng no v cch i t-ng mt khong cch nht nh. 4. t li line Spacing, khong cch gia ch v i t-ng bng cch: T thanh menu ca MicroStation chn Element chn text xut hin hp hi thoi text nh gi tr khong cch vo hp text line Spacing. 5. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng nn t ch. Cch t ch theo Method On Element. Dng trong tr-ng hp kch th-c ch xc nh, gc quay ca ch theo ph-ng ca mt i t-ng. V d ch ghi ch -ng bnh . 6. -a ch n v tr cn t. 7. Bm phm Data. Cch t ch theo Method Along Element. Dng trong tr-ng hp kch th-c ch xc nh, v tr ca ch nm song song vi i t-ng v cch i t-ng mt khong nht nh. V d ch ghi tn sng, sui 1. t li line Spacing, khong cch gia ch v i t-ng bng cch: 2. Bm phm Data t i t-ng nn t ch. 3. Bm phm Data bn trn i t-ng nu mun ch t bn trn. Bm phm Data bn d-i i t-ng nu mun t ch bn d-i.
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9. Cch s dng cng c Copy and Incretment text copy cc i t-ng ch vit dng s
Cng c Copy and increnment text c tc dng khi mun vit cc ch ch thch d-i dng s, v gi tr cc s ny tng hoc gim theo mt gi tr nht nh. 1. Chn cng c Copy and increment text. 2. t gi tr tng hoc gim cc i t-ng trong hp text Tag increment. V d 1 3. Bm phm Data vo i t-ng cn copy. 4. Bm phm Data vo v tr t i t-ng tip theo
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Ch-ng VII
HON THIN V CHUN HO D LIU

-------------------
Sau qu trnh s ho, d liu nhn -c ch-a phi hon thin v s dng -c. Cc d liu ny th-ng -c gi l cc d liu th, cn phi qua mt qu trnh kim tra, chnh sa v hp l cc d liu. Ch-ng ny h-ng dn: - S dng Fence trong qu trnh thay i v sa cha d liu. - S dng phn mm MRFClean. - S dng phn mm MRFFlag. - Cch kim tra, pht hin v sa cha cc li v thuc tnh ho ca i t-ng. - S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha cc d liu dng -ng. - S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha cc d liu dng im. - S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha cc d liu dng ch vit.
1. S dng Fence trong qu trnh thay i v sa cha d liu.
Khi cn thay i hoc tc ng n mt nhm cc i t-ng trong bn v, cch nhanh nht l nhm cc i t-ng trong mt Fence. Fence l mt -ng bao -c v bao quanh cc i t-ng bng cng c v Fence gp nhm chng khi thao tc. N cng c tc dng gn ging nh- khi ta s dng cng c Element Selection chn nhm i t-ng. Tuy nhin khi s dng fence, c rt nhiu s la chn (mode) cho php ta tc ng n cc i t-ng nm trong cng nh- nm ngoi -ng bao fence. Bao gm: - Inside: ch tc ng n cc i t-ng nm hon ton bn trong -ng bao fence. - Overlap: ch tc ng n cc i t-ng bn trong v nm chm ln -ng bao fence.
- Clip: tc ng n cc i t-ng nm hon ton bn trong fence v phn bn trong ca cc i t-ng nm chm ln fence (khi i t-ng nm chm ny s b ct ra lm hai phn bi -ng fence). - Void: tc ng n cc i t-ng nm hon ton bn ngoi fence. - Void- Overlap: tc ng n cc i t-ng nm hon ton bn ngoi v
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nm chm ln -ng bao fence. - Void- Clip: : tc ng n cc i t-ng nm hon ton bn ngoi fence v phn bn ngoi ca cc i t-ng nm chm ln fence (khi i t-ng nm chm ny s b ct ra lm hai phn bi -ng fence).
Cch s dng fence tc ng n mt nhm i t-ng. 1. Chn cng c Place fence.
2. V fence (-ng bao) bao quanh i t-ng. 3. Chn cng c tc ng n i t-ng, cng c ny phi s dng -c vi fence (c ch use fence). V d: - Copy element - Change element attribute 1. Chn Mode s dng fence. 2. Bm phm Data bt u qu trnh tc ng. Cch xo mt nhm i t-ng bng fence. 1. V fence (-ng bao) bao quanh i t-ng. 2. Chn cng c Delete fence. 3. Chn mode xo fence trong hp Delete fence content. 4. Bm phm Data chp nhn xo ni dung bn trong ca fence.
2. Cch s dng phn mm MRFClean
MRF lean dng : - Kim tra li t ng, nhn din v nh du v tr cc im cui t do bng mt k hiu (ch D,X,S). - T ng to cc im giao gia cc -ng ct nhau. Xo nhng -ng, nhng im trng nhau. - Ct -ng: Tch mt -ng ra thnh 2 -ng ti im giao. - T ng loi cc on tha c di nh hn Dangle_factor nhn vi tolerence.
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Cch khi ng MRFclean
T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDL L MRFCLEAN sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm. Cch t cc thng s (Parameter) Bm phm Parameter trong hp hi thoi MRFClean. Xut hin hp hi thoi: 1. t ch Remove_duplicates: By attribute: T ng xo cc i t-ng b trng nhau v v tr v c cng mt thuc tnh ha (cc thng s v lv, ln,wt ging nhau).
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By geometry: t ng xo cc i t-ng b trng nhau v v tr k c khc nhau v thuc tnh ho (cc thng s v lv, ln, wt c th khng ging nhau). 2. t ch s dng cell. Node: cell -c coi nh- mt im nt (node) trong nhng tr-ng hp MRFclean x l nhng li l cc im cui t do. Non-node: cell s khng -c tnh n trong qu trnh x l li. 3. t ch lm vic vi level. -c nh du x: ch c cc -ng trn cng level s b ct ti cc im giao gia cc -ng khi s dng ch Intersection. Khng -c nh du x: cc -ng trn tt c cc level -c chn s b ct ti cc im giao gia cc -ng khi s dng ch Intersection. 4. t ch i cc i t-ng c kiu l arc thnh linestring. - nh du vo Stroke_arcs. 5. t ch to im giao. Phm Fuzzy Intersection: -c chn to cc im cn giao v sa cc li bt im ch-a ti. Khi im cui ca -ng a nm trong vng sai s ca b th a s chp b v ct b thnh hai on. Phm True intersection: -c chn to cc im giao gia hai -ng ct nhau. Phm Del_sub_tol_ele: -c chn tt c cc -ng c di nh hn hoc bng h s sai s ca n s b xo (sa cc li bt qu -ng). M s level: cha cc flag nh du nhng li ch-a s l -c. S font ch: dng hin th flag (flag th-ng l mt trong nhng ch ci D,X,S). 6. t ch i cc i t-ng c kiu l Curve thnh Linestring. Khong cch ln nht gia cc cung trn v -ng linestring. Gi tr mc nh l 2, gi tr nh nht l 0.01. 7. t ch xo im cui t do. Dangle l phn t c t nht l mt im cui t do. MRFclean s xo cc dangle nu di ca n nh hn dangle_factor x tolerance. Gi tr nh nht ca dangle factor l 0.0. 8. t ch lc im tha trn -ng. 9. MRFclean cho php ta lc s dim tha trn -ng vi h s "Filter_factor x tolerance". Gi tr nh nht l 0.0.
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10. Nhp h s x l cho mi level. Mi level c th c mt h s khc nhau. Gi tr mc nh cho tr-ng ny l -0.1 tc l khng x l.
3. Cch s dng phn mm MRFFlag
MRFFlag -c thit k t-ng hp vi MRFClean, dng t ng hin th ln mn hnh ln l-t cc v tr c li m MRFClean nh du tr-c v ng-i dng s s dng cc cng c trong MicroStation sa. Cch khi ng Mrffag. T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDLL MRFFLAG sau bm ENTER trn bn phm.
1. Bm vo phm Flag_type khai bo loi c (D,X,S). 2. Khai bo Level cha c trong hp text Flag_level. 3. nh h s zoom vo hp text zoom_factor. 4. Trong thanh Edit_status s bo s l-ng c Vd: 4. 5. Bm cc phm: - Next: chy n v tr li tip theo. - Prew; chy n v tr li tr-c . - Zoom_in: phng to hnh. - Zoom_out: thu nh hnh. - Delete_flag: xo c hin thi. - Delete_elm: xo i t-ng hin thi. - Delete_all: xo tt c cc c trong file. Khi nt Next m i v Edit_status bo done tc l tt c cc li trong file -c sa.
4. Cch kim tra v sa cha cc li v thuc tnh ha
Cch kim tra cc li v thuc tnh ho. S dng cc thao tc tt bt cc level kim tra.
- Chuyn level cn kim tra thnh level active. - Tt tt c cc level cn li (of= 1-63).
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- Kim tra cc i t-ng trn level active. - S dng cc cng c chn i t-ng nh du cc i t-ng khng thuc level .
Cch chn i t-ng (select element). Cch 1: S dng cng c Element selection.
- Chn cng c Element selection. - Bm phm Data chn i t-ng. - Bm phm Ctrl trn bn phm cng vi phm Data trong tr-ng hp mun chn nhiu i t-ng.
Cch 2: S dng cng c Select by attribute.
- Xem v ghi li cc thng tin ca i t-ng b sai. - S dng cng c Select by attribute chn i t-ng theo cc thuc tnh ring ca i t-ng.
Cch xem thng tin ca i t-ng.
- Chn cng c Element information. - Bm phm Data vo i t-ng cn xem.

xut hin hp hi thoi Element information.
* Ghi li cc thng tin sau: - Type: vd_Line. - Level: vd_1 - Color: vd_3
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- Style: vd_0 - Weight: vd_1 - Cell Name: (vi type l cell header). - Font (s th t font vi type l text). - Total height (chiu cao ca ch). Cch s dng cng c chn i t-ng theo thuc tnh (select element by attribute).
1. Chn cng c Select by attribute.

T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Edit chn Select by attribute. xut hin hp hi thoi Select by attribute. Tu vo s khc bit v thuc tnh gia cc i t-ng m tng tiu chun v thuc tnh s -c chn.
2. Chn kiu i t-ng: Bm con tr vo cc kiu i t-ng cn chn bn hp danh sch cc kiu i t-ng Types. 3. Chn Level bng cch bm vo phm Clear All sau bm con tr vo s cc level cn chn. 4. Chn mu bng cch nh du vo hp color v nh s mu vo hp text. 5. Chn kiu -ng bng cch nh du vo hp Style v bm vo nt bn cnh hp text chn kiu -ng (th-ng l nhng kiu -ng custom). 6. Chn Weight bng cch nh du vo hp Weight v nh s weight vo hp text. 7. Chn tn cell bng cch : t thanh Menu ca hp select by attribute chn Settings chn cell.
xut hin hp hi thoi Select by cell nh tn cell vo hp text
8. Chn text theo cc thuc tnh ca text bng cch:

T thanh Menu ca hp
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Select by attribute chn Settings chn Text. xut hin hp hi thoi Select by text Nu cn: nh s font text vo hp font. nh chiu cao text vo hp Height. nh chiu rng text vo hp Width. chn im t text bng cch bm vo nt Justication. nh ni dung ca text vo hp String.
5. S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha d liu dng -ng
Sau qu trnh s ho, d liu dng -ng th-ng gp cc li: - -ng cha nhiu im tha lm tng ln ca file d ltu. - -ng ch-a trn, mm. - Tn ti cc im cui t do, th-ng xy ra trong cc tr-ng hp -ng bt qu (overshoot). - -ng trng nhau (dupliacate). Cch lc b cc im tha ca -ng. Cch 1: X l tng im mt bng cng c Delete vertex ca MicroStation.
1. Chn cng c Delete vertex.
2. Bm phm Data vo im cn xo.

Cch 2: X l tng -ng mt bng cng c FC thin Segmnet ca MSFC.
1. Xc nh gi tr tolerance (tolerance l gi tr xc nh s im b lc b ca -ng. Gi tr ny cng ln, s l-ng im b lc cng nhiu). Gi tr bt u th-ng bng 1/3 rng ca -ng raster. 2. Chn cng c FC thin segment.
3. Nhp gi tr tolerance u tin (=1/3 rng -ng raster) vo ca s lnh

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ca Micro. VD: 0.3 bm Enter.
4. Bm phm Data chn -ng cn lc im. 5. Bm phm Data tip theo xem hnh dng ca -ng sau khi b im. 6. Nu chp nhn kt qu vi gi tr tolerance u tin bm phm Data. Nu khng chp nhn bm phm Reset. 7. (Nu khng chp nhn) nhp gi tr tolerance th hai (gim i hoc tng ln so vi gi tr u). (xem li b-c 3). 8. Lm li b-c 4-6.
Cch 3: X l t ng trn mt level hoc nhiu level trong mt file bng cng c Smooth/Filter ca Geovec.
1. Xc nh gi tr tolerance bng cch lm th vi mt -ng bng cng c FC thin segment. 2. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Applications chn Geovec chn Batch chn Smooth/Filter.
xut hin hp hi thoi Geovec Batch Smoothing & Filtering. 3. Trong hp Files nh -ng dn v tn file cn x l vo hp text Files-Input. Hoc bm vo nt vung nh bn cnh chn -ng dn. nh -ng dn v tn file cn x l vo hp text Files-Output. Hoc bm vo nt vung nh bn cnh chn -ng dn.
4. Trong hp Option.
Bm phm Operation chn Point Filter Bm phm Levels chn All x l tt c cc level c trong file. Chn Selected x l mt s Level cn thit.
5. Trong hp Tolerances.
Nhp Tolerance vo hp text Point Filter.
6. Bm phm Process chy ch-ng trnh. 7. Khi no thy xut hin hp thoi Smooth/filter Message qu trnh x l xong Bm phm OK. 8. M file u ra d-i dng Reference kim tra.
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Cch lm trn -ng (Smooth). Smooth l qu trnh lm trn nh gc -c to thnh gia hai on thng ca mt -ng. Qu trnh ny cong -c gi l qu trnh lm trn -ng hoc lm mm -ng. Cch 1: thm tng im mt bng cng c insert vertex ca Micro. 1. Chn cng c insert verter
2. Bm phm Data vo on -ng cn chn im. 3. Bm phm Data vo v tr cn chn im.

Cch 2: Lm trn tng -ng mt bng cng c FC smooth segment ca MSFC.
1. Xc nh gi tr tolerance (tolerance l khong cch tnh t nh gc n im bt u lm un cong ca gc). Gi tr bt u th-ng bng c chiu di ca -ng thng to gc, n v tnh l MU.
2. Chn cng c FC smooth segment
3. Nhp gi tr tolerance u tin (=1/2 chiu di ca on thng to gc) vo ca s lnh ca Micro. VD: bm phm Enter 4. Bm phm Data, chn -ng cn lm trn. 5. Bm phm Data tip theo xem hnh dng ca -ng sau khi lm trn. 6. Nu chp nhn kt qu vi gi tr tolerance u tin bm phm Data. Nu khng chp nhn bm phm Reset. 7. (Nu khng chp nhn). Nhp gi tr tolerance th hai (gim i hoc tng ln so vi gi tr u). (xem li b-c 3). 8. Lm li b-c 4-6.
Cch 3: X l t ng trn mt level hoc nhiu level trong mt file bng cng c Smooth/Filter
1. Xc dnh gi tr tolerance bng cch th vi mt -ng bng cng c FC thin segment. 2. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Applications chn Geovec
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chn Batch chn Smooth/filter.

xut hin hp hi thoi Geovec Batch Smoothing & Filtering
3. Trong hp Option.
Bm phm Operation chn smooth. Bm phm Levels chn All x l tt c cc level c trong file. Chn Selected x l mt s levels cn thit. (Xem phn tr-c)
4. Trong hp Tolerances.
Nhp Tolerance vo hp text Smooth. (Xem phn tr-c)
5. Bm phm Process chy ch-ng trnh. 6. Khi no thy xut hin hp thoi Smooth/filter Message bo qu trnh x l xong Bm phm OK. 7. M file u ra d-i dng Reference kim tra.
Ch : Sau khi smooth ln ca file tng ln rt nhiu. V vy nn lc im tha ca -ng thm mt ln na nh-ng vi tolerance nh hn rt nhiu ln lc u. Cch kim tra, sa cha cc im cui t do v t ng ho cc -ng trng nhau. kim tra, sa cha cc im cui t do v t ng xo cc -ng trng nhau, cc cng c Modify ca Micro s -c s dng kt hp vi MRFclean, MRFflag.
1. Ch hin th cc level cha cc i r-ng dng -ng cn kim tra sa cha (xem phn bt tt level, bi 2). 2. Khi ng Mrf clean, t cc thng s v ch lm vic (xem phn cch s dng Mrf flag, bi 8). 3. Chy Mrf clean. 4. Khi ng Mrf flag hin th li (xem phn cch s dng Mrf flag, bi 8). 5. S dng thanh cng c Modify ca Micro sa cc li cn li.
Cch s dng ca cng c Modify.

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Ch : Dng kt hp vi ch Snap nu c th. 1. Modify element (dch chuyn im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn im cn dch chuyn Dch con tr n v tr mi Bm phm Data. 2. Delect part of element (xo mt phn ca -ng): chn cng c bm phm Data vo im bt u ca on -ng cn xo bm phm Data v ko chut xo on -ng cn xo bm phm Data ti im cui ca on -ng cn xo. 3. Extend line llll(ko di -ng theo h-ng ca on thng cui ca -ng): Chn cng c bm phm Data vo im cui ca on -ng cn ko di bm phm Data v ko chut di on -ng bm phm Data ti v tr mi ca im cui ca -ng. 4. Extend 2 elements to intersection (ko di hai -ng n im giao nhau ca hai -ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn -ng th nht bm phm Data chn -ng th hai. 5. Extend element to intersection (ko di -ng n im giao nhau ca hai -ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn -ng cn ko di bm phm Data chn -ng cn gp. 6. Trim element (ct mt -ng hoc mt chui cc -ng ti im giao ca chng vi mt -ng khc): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn -ng lm chun bm phm Data chn on -ng cn ct. 7. Insert vertext (thm im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn on -ng cn thm im bm phm Data n v tr cn chn im. 8. Delete vertext (xo im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn im cn xo.
6. S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha d liu dng im
Sau khi s ho, cc li th-ng gp i vi d liu dng im (cell) th-ng l: - Sai cc thuc tnh ho (level, color, linestype, weight). - Cell -c t khng ng v tr. - Cell -c chn khng ng hnh dng v kch th-c quy nh. - Vi cc li v thuc tnh ho xem phn 4. Cch sa cc li sai v v tr. 1. Chn cng c Move element Bm phm Data chn i t-ng. 2. Bm phm Data n v tr mi ca i t-ng.
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C th thc hin dch chuyn cng lc nhiu i t-ng bng fence hoc select element. Cch sa cc li sai v hnh dng v kch th-c. Cch 1: dng cho nhng cell ch sai v kch th-c. 1. Chn cng c Scale element. 2. t t l cn i cho i t-ng trong hp Scale. 3. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng cn thay i. 4. Bm phm Data i kch th-c i t-ng.
Cch 2: Dng cho nhng cell sai c v kch th-c ln hnh dng.
1. V li cell mi vi hnh dng, kch th-c ng theo quy nh. 2. To cell vi tn cell ging tn cell c (xem phn to cell, bi 10). 3. Chn cng c Replace cell.
4. Bm phm Data vo cell cn i.

7. S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha d liu dng ch vit. Sau khi s ho, cc li th-ng gp i vi d liu dng ch vit (text) th-ng l: - Sai cc thuc tnh ho (level, color, linestyle, weight). - Text -c t khng ng v tr. - Text -c chn khng ng kiu ch v kch th-c quy nh. - Sai ni dung ca text - Vi cc li v thuc tnh ca ho xem phn 4. - Vi cc li v v tr xem phn 6. Cch sa cc li sai v kiu ch v kch th-c. 1. Chn cng c Change Text attribute.
2. t li cc thuc tnh cho text trong hp Change Text attribute.

Chn kiu ch trong hp Font t li gi tr kch th-c ch trong hp Text Hieght v Width.
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t li khong cch gia cc dng trong hp Line Spacing. t li khong cch gia cc k t trong hp Interchar, Spacing. t li nghing ca ch trong hp Slant.
1. Bm phm Data chn text cn i.

2. Bm phm Data chp nhn i. Cch sa cc li sai v ni dung. 1. Chn cng c Edit text
2. Bm phm Data chn text cn i ni dung. 3. Thay i ni dung Text trong hp Text editor.
4. Bm phm Apply.
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Ch-ng VIII
BIN TP V TRNH BY BN
----------------------
Cc i t-ng bn khi -c th hin bng mu sc v k hiu phi m bo -c tnh t-ng quan v v tr a l cng nh- tnh thm m ca bn . Cc i t-ng dng vng cn t mu hoc tri k hiu, cc i t-ng phi tn ti d-i dng shape hoc complex shape. i vi cc i t-ng dng -ng, cc d liu sau khi s ho, chnh sa v lm p -c thay i k hiu v bin tp li. Ch-ng ny cc bn hc cc cch ng vng, t mu, tri k hiu, cch thay i k hiu dng -ng v cch s dng mt s cc cng c c th s dng km theo khi bin tp cc k hiu dng -ng.
1. ng vng t mu, tri k hiu.
H-ng dn:
- Cch to vng trc tip t cc cng c v shape ca Micro. - Cch to vng gin tip t cc -ng bao ca vng. - Cch to 1 vng t nhng vng thnh phn. - Cch thay i kiu mu ca vng. - Cch tri k hiu.
1.1 Cch to vng trc tip t cc cng c shape ca Micro. Cch v cc vng vung gc: 1/ Chn cng c Place Block 2/ Chn method trong hp Place Block. 3/ Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 4/ Chn mu nn. 5/ Bm phm Data chn gc th nht. 6/ Nu Method l Rotate, bm phm Data chn gc tip theo chn h-ng quay. 7/ Bm phm Data chn gc i din vi gc th nht. Cch v cc vng c hnh dng bt k 1. Chn cng c Place Shape
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2. Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 3. Chn mu nn. 4. Bm phm Data v im u tin ca vng. 5. Tip tc bm phm Data v cc im tip theo. 6. ng vng, snap v bm phm Data vo im u tin. 1.2. Cch to vng gin tip t cc -ng bao ca vng. - D liu dng to vng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- -ng bao cc i t-ng vng phi khp kn. - Khng tn ti cc im cui t do (-ng bt qu hoc bt ch-a ti). - Phi tn ti nhng im nt ti nhng ch giao nhau.
m bo cc yu cu trn ca d liu, s dng cc cng c hon thin d liu (xem bi 8) sa ht cc li khp kn vng, im cui t do sau dng Mrf clean ct -ng t ng ti nhng im giao. Cch to vng bng cng c Create complex shape 1. Chn cng c Create complex shape. 2. Chn Method to vng trong hp Place complex shape. 3. Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 4. Chn mu nn. 5. Bm phm Data chn -ng bao u tin ca vng. 6. (Nu method l Manual) bm phm Data chn vo -ng bao tip theo. (Nu method l Automatic) bm phm Data con tr s t ng chn -ng bao tip theo. Trong cc tr-ng hp ti ng ba hoc ng t- ca nhng -ng giao nhau, nu con tr chn ng bm phm Data, nu con tr chn sai bm phm Reset. 7. Tip tc lm ging nh- (6) 8. Vng s t ng -c to khi -ng bao cui cng ng kn vng -c chn. Cch to vng bng cng c Create Region 1/ Chn cng c Create Region. 2/ Chn Method to vng l Flood. 3/ Chn ch Keep original nu mun gi li -ng bao vng.
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4/ Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 5/ Chn nn mu. 6/ Bm phm data vo mt im bt k bn trong vng cn to. 7/ Con tr s t ng tm kim v chn cc -ng bao xung quanh vng. 8/ Khi con tr chn ht cc -ng bao to vng bm phm Data chp nhn vng cn to. 1.3. Cch to mt vng t nhng vng thnh phn * Cch gp vng 1. Chn cng c Create Region 2. Chn Method to vng l Union 3. Chn ch Keep Original nu mun gi li cc vng thnh phn. 4. Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 5. Chn mu nn. 6. Bm phm Data chn vng th nht. 7. Bm phm Data tip tc chn cc vng tip theo. Sau khi chn ht cc vng cn chn bm phm Data chp nhn vng cn to. Cch tr vng. 1. Chn cng c Create Region. 2. Chn Method to vng l Difference. 3. Chn ch Keep original nu mun gi li cc vng thnh phn. 4. Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 5. Chn mu nn. 6. Bm phm Data chn vng th nht. 7. Bm phm Data tip tc chn cc vng tip theo. 8. Sau khi chn ht cc vng cn chn bm phm data chp nhn vng cn to. Cch to mt vng l phn giao nhau gia hai hoc nhiu vng.
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1. Chn cng c Create Region. 2. Chn Method to vng l Intersection. 3. Chn ch Keep Original nu mun gi li cc vng thnh phn. 4. Chn kiu t mu (fill type). 5. Chn mu nn. 6. Bm phm Data chn vng th nht. 7. Bm phm Data tip tc chn cc vng tip theo. 8. Sau khi chn ht cc vng cn chn bm phm data chp nhn vng cn to. Cch to cc vng thng 1. Chn cng c Group Holes. 2. Bm phm Data chn vng bao bn ngoi. 3. Bm phm Data ln l-t chn cc vng con bn trong. 4. Vng thng s -c to sau khi cc vng con bn trong -c chn ht.
1.4. Cch thay kiu mu ca vng. 1. Chn cng c Change element to active fill type. 2. t li kiu mu t cho vng trong hp Change element to active fill type. 3. Bm phm Data chn vng cn i mu. 4. Bm phm Data tip theo chp nhn mu i. 1.5. Cch tri k hiu i t-ng dng tri k hiu phi l i t-ng vng. Cc k hiu ny tn ti d-i dng nt gch (line) hoc cc k hiu nh (cell) -c t cch nhau theo mt khong cch v gc quay xc nh. Tri k hiu d-i dng cc nt gch. 1. Chn cng c Hatch area
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2. t cc thng s tri trong hp Hatch area
Spacing: Khong cch gia cc nt gch.

Angle: Gc nghing ca cc nt gch.
Chn Associative Pattern khi cc nt gch v -ng bao s tr thnh 1 i t-ng. Ngha l khi i t-ng b thay i cc nt gch cng thay i theo. Chn Method l Element.
3. Chon mu sc v kiu -ng cho cc nt gch (cc nt gch lun nm trn level ca cc i t-ng vng ).
4. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng.

5. Bm phm Data tip theo chp nhn tri nt.
Tri k hiu d-i dng cc nt gch cho nhau. 1. Chn cng c Crosshatch area.
2. t cc thng s cho nt tri trong hp Crosshatch area (t-ng t nh- Hatch area xem phn trn). 3. Chn mu sc v kiu -ng cho cc nt gch (cc nt gch lun nm trn level ca i t-ng vng ). 4. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng. 5. Bm phm Data tip theo chp nhn tri nt.
Tri k hiu d-i dng cc k hiu nh. 1. M thvin cha k hiu (cell) cn tri.(xem phn , bi ).
2. Chn k hiu cn tri Phm phm Pattern. (xem phn , bi ) 3. Chn cng c Pattern area. 4. t cc thng s cho k hiu trong hp Pattern area.
Pattern cell: tn k hiu.

Scale: t l k hiu. Row Spacing: khong cch gia cc k hiu theo chiu ngang. Column Spacing: Khong cch gia cc k hiu theo chiu dc. Angle: Gc quay gia cc k hiu. 5. t thng s v mu sc v lc nt cho k hiu (level t k hiu s cng
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vi level ca vng). 6. Bm phm Data chn vng cn tri. 7. Bm phm Data chp nhn tri k hiu.
2. Bin tp k hiu dng -ng.
i vi cc i t-ng dng -ng, khi tn ti dng d liu th n phi gp nhau ti cc im nt v n l mt i t-ng -ng duy nht. Nh-ng th hin n d-i dng k hiu bn th c th phi th hin n bng 2 hoc 3 kiu -ng. V vy mun th hin cc i t-ng bn d-i dng tuyn bng k hiu bn nn lm theo trnh t cc b-c sau:
- Xc nh cc kiu k hiu dng -ng cn s dng th hin. Bn phi da vo thvin kiu -ng m bn c th la chn cc kiu -ng bn s dng. - VD: th hin kiu -ng nha trong bn a hnh, bn s phi s dng hai kiu -ng: 1 kiu -ng vin mu en v mt kiu -ng nn mu nu. Bn s khng chn -c kiu -ng n th hin hai mu khc nhau. Hoc c th bn s phi s dng thm mt kiu -ng na th hin on -ng p cao. - Nu cn t hai kiu -ng tr nn bn phi copy -ng s ho vi lnh copy gia v tr. - Thay i kiu -ng. - Sa cha v bin tp li theo yu cu. Cc cng c -c s dng ch yu nm trong thanh cng c Modify. Cch s dng cng c ny trnh by trong ch-ng 7. i vi nhng kiu -ng Compound (-ng -c to gm nhiu -ng thnh phn), nu bn gp kh khn khi sa cha th bn c th s dng cng c Drop Line Style ph v mi lin kt .
Cch copy mt i t-ng cn gi nguyn v tr.
1. Chn cng c copy i t-ng.

2. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng cn copy. 3. Trn ca s lnh ca Microstation nh lnh DX=0,0 sau bm Enter trn bn phm.
Cch thay i kiu -ng.

1. Chn cng c Change Element Attribute. 2. Chn kiu -ng cn i bng cch.
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T thanh cng c Primary bm vo hp Linestyle chn Custom Xut hin hp Linestyle bm nt Show detail chn kiu -ng.
Nhp i phm tri chut vo tn kiu -ng cn chn hoc nhp chut vo -ng sample d-i. 3. Khi thy xut hin tn kiu -ng cn i trong hp text Style ca hp cng c Change Element Attribute bm phm Data vo -ng cn i (ch : nt Style phi -c nh du). Cch s dng cng c Drop Line Style 1. T thanh Menu ca Microstation chn Tools chn Drop xut hin thanh cng c Drop chn cng c Drop Linestyle. 2. Bm phm Data chn -ng cn Drop. 3. Bm phm Data ln th hai chp nhn Drop -ng.
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Mc lc
Ch-ng I: Qui trnh s ha v bin tp bn s ............................................ 1 1. S tng qut... ................................................................................................... 1 2. Mc ch, yu cu ca tng b-c. .......................................................................... 1 2.1. Thit k chung. ....................................................................................................... 1 2.2. Nn bn ............................................................................................................. 4 2.3. Vct ho i t-ng................................................................................................ 4 2.4. Hon thin v chun ho d liu ............................................................................ 5 2.5. Bin tp v trnh by bn . .................................................................................. 5 2.6. L-u tr d liu v in bn . ................................................................................... 5 Ch-ng II: Gii thiu h thng phn mm Microstation V Mapping office ................................................................................................................................ 6 1. MicroStation. ............................................................................................................. 6 2. Irasb .......................................................................................................................... 6 3. Geovec...................................................................................................................... 7 Ch-ng III: Cn bn v phn mm MicroStation ................................................. 9 1. Lm vic vi cc design file ....................................................................................... 9 2. Cu trc file (.dgn), khi nim Level ........................................................................ 12 3. i t-ng ho (Element)..................................................................................... 13 4. Cc thao tc iu khin mn hnh............................................................................ 14 5. Cch s dng cc phm chut ................................................................................. 15 6. Cc ch bt im (snap mode)........................................................................... 16 7. S dng cc cng c ca MicroStation.................................................................... 17 Ch-ng IV: thit k chung ....................................................................................... 19 1. Thit k bng phn lp ............................................................................................ 19 2. To file bng i t-ng (feature table) ..................................................................... 19 2. Thit k k hiu dng im v pattern ..................................................................... 22 3. Thit k k hiu dng -ng.................................................................................... 24 4. Cch to mi mt -ng kiu Point symbol............................................................. 27 5. Chn v tr t k hiu .............................................................................................. 28 6. Chn k hiu. ......................................................................................................... 29 7. t tn cho kiu -ng:........................................................................................... 30 8. Cch s dng cc font ting vit trong MicroStation ................................................ 33 9. Thit k bng mu................................................................................................... 36 Ch-ng V: NN BN ............................................................................................... 38 1. To l-i Km ............................................................................................................. 38 1.1. Nhp to ca cc im. ................................................................................... 38 1.2. Ni 4 im gc khung to thnh 4 cnh ca khung.......................................... 39 1.3. Copy cc cnh khung to thnh cc gch l-i Km........................................... 39 2. Nn bn .............................................................................................................. 39 2.1. Khi ng Irasb. ................................................................................................... 40 2.2. M file nh raster cn nn. ................................................................................... 40
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2.3 Nn s b .............................................................................................................. 41 2.4. Nn chnh xc....................................................................................................... 41 3. nh gi sai s........................................................................................................ 42 Ch-ng VI: VECTO HO I TNG DA TRN NN NH ...................................... 44 1. Khi ng Geovec ................................................................................................... 44 2. M file nh bn nn ....................................................................................... 45 3. t ch t ng iu khin mn hnh.................................................................. 46 4. Chn i t-ng vect ho t bng i t-ng............................................................ 47 5. Cch s dng cc cng c vect ho i t-ng dng -ng ................................... 48 6. Cch m mt thvin cha cell............................................................................... 50 7. Cch s dng cng c v cell vect ho cc i t-ng dng im ..................... 51 8. Cch s dng cng c Place text vect ho cc i t-ng dng ch vit ........... 52 9. Cch s dng cng c Copy and Incretment text copy cc i t-ng ch vit dng s ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Ch-ng VII: HON THIN V CHUN HO D LIU .................................................. 56 1. S dng Fence trong qu trnh thay i v sa cha d liu.................................... 56 2. Cch s dng phn mm MRFClean....................................................................... 57 3. Cch s dng phn mm MRFFlag ......................................................................... 60 4. Cch kim tra v sa cha cc li v thuc tnh ha........................................... 60 5. S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha d liu dng -ng ................................ 63 6. S dng cc cng c -c dng sa cha d liu dng im............................. 67 Ch-ng VIII: BIN TP V TRNH BY BN ......................................................... 70 1. ng vng t mu, tri k hiu. ............................................................................... 70 1.1 Cch to vng trc tip t cc cng c shape ca Micro. ...................................... 70 1.2. Cch to vng gin tip t cc -ng bao ca vng............................................. 71 1.3. Cch to mt vng t nhng vng thnh phn ..................................................... 72 1.4. Cch thay kiu mu ca vng............................................................................... 73 1.5. Cch tri k hiu................................................................................................... 73 2. Bin tp k hiu dng -ng. .................................................................................. 75 Mc lc .......................................................................................................................... 77
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Ch-ng I Qui trnh s ha v bin tp bn s ------------------------------------

1. T chc th- mc cha file. 2. In bn bng Iplot.

2. Mc ch, yu cu ca tng b-c.

Gii thiu h thng phn mm Microstation v mapping ofice

Irasb l phn mm hin th v bin tp d liu raster d-i dng cc nh en

7. S dng cc cng c ca MicroStation

Thanh cng c v i t-ng dng im

Thanh cng c v i t-ng dng vng (polygons Tools)

Thanh cng c v -ng trn, ellipses.

Thanh cng c v v sa cc i t-ng dng ch.

Thanh cng c v cc k hiu dng cell.

Thanh cng c tri k hiu cho cc i t-ng dng vng.

Thanh cng c sa cha i t-ng.

Thanh cng c tnh ton cc gi tr v khong cch hoc ln ca i t-ng.

Thanh cng c chn i t-ng.

Chn tn th- vin kiu -ng bn hp danh sch cc tn.

bm phm Enter trn bn phm.

Bm chut vo thanh Base line tr-c khi chn k hiu.

- Bm chut chn k hiu cn to. Mu -ng sau khi chn k hiu

2. Dng con tr chn tng -ng thnh phn ca -ng cn to mt sau

8. Cch s dng cc font ting vit trong MicroStation

Cc b-c c th bao gm: - Khi ng IRASB

- M nh vo gn v tr ca l-i Km - Nn s b - Nn chnh xc 2.1. Khi ng Irasb.

4. Chn i t-ng vect ho t bng i t-ng

xut hin hp hi thoi Feature Collection.

2. Chn Category Name bng cch bm chut vo tn category cn chn.

Cch s dng cng c SmartLine.

1. Chn cng c Place Smartline.

Right: -ng s tip tc i v pha bn phi ca -ng ang s ho khi gp im nt.

Chn Straight: -ng s tip tc i thng theo h-ng ang i khi gp

2. Bm vo phm Placement trong hp hi thoi Cell Library. 3. Chn cng c v cell.

4. t thng s v cell trong hp Place Active Cell.

Active Cell: tn cell va chn.

HON THIN V CHUN HO D LIU

Cch khi ng MRFclean

- Chn cng c Element information. - Bm phm Data vo i t-ng cn xem.

1. Chn cng c Select by attribute.

8. Chn text theo cc thuc tnh ca text bng cch:

1. Chn cng c Delete vertex.

2. Bm phm Data vo im cn xo.

3. Nhp gi tr tolerance u tin (=1/3 rng -ng raster) vo ca s lnh

ca Micro. VD: 0.3 bm Enter.

2. Bm phm Data vo on -ng cn chn im. 3. Bm phm Data vo v tr cn chn im.

chn Batch chn Smooth/filter.

Cch s dng ca cng c Modify.

4. Bm phm Data vo cell cn i.

2. t li cc thuc tnh cho text trong hp Change Text attribute.

1. Bm phm Data chn text cn i.

2. t cc thng s tri trong hp Hatch area

Spacing: Khong cch gia cc nt gch.

4. Bm phm Data chn i t-ng.

Pattern cell: tn k hiu.

1. Chn cng c copy i t-ng.

Cch thay i kiu -ng.

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