Do An Cung Cap Dien

n tt nghip 1 Thit k cung cp in
LI NI U
Nc ta ang trong giai on pht trin nhanh chng. Do yu cu pht trin
nhanh chng ca t nc th in nng cng pht trin theo kp nhu cu v
in ca t nc. c th a in nng ti cc ph ti cn xy dng cc h
thng cung cp in cho cc ph ti ny. Lnh vc cung cp in hin l mt lnh
vc ang c rt nhiu vic phi lm. p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca sn
xut, truyn ti in nng ni chung v thit k cung cp in ni ring, trng H
Quy Nhn ang o to mt i ng ng o cc k s in k thut. Trong
nhim v thit k n tt nghip, em c phn cng v phn thit k cung cp
in. c s hng dn, ging dy nhit tnh ca cc thy, c gio trong b mn
v c bit l ca thy gio Nguyn Duy Khim, em hon thnh nhim v
c giao. Mc d rt c gng nhng kin thc v kinh nghim cn hn ch nn
bn n ca em c th cn nhiu sai st, em rt mong c s ch bo ca cc
thy, c. Em xin chn thnh cm n.
Bnh nh, ngy 05 thng 11 nm 2012
Sinh vin
Trng vn iu
SV: Trng vn iu Lp in k thut K17

CHNG 1
XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA
PHN XNG SA CHA C KH V TON NH MY
1.1 Tng quan cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton
1.1.1 Khi nim v ph ti tnh ton
Ph ti tnh ton l mt s liu rt c bn dng thit k h thng cung cp
in.
Ph ti tnh ton l ph ti gi thit lu di khng i, tng ng vi ph
ti thc t (bin i) v mt hiu ng nhit ln nht. Ni mt cch khc, ph ti
tnh ton cng lm nng vt dn ln ti nhit bng nhit ln nht do ph ti
thc t gy ra. Nh vy nu chn cc thit b in theo ph ti tnh ton th c th
m bo an ton v mt pht nng cho cc thit b trong mi trng thi vn
hnh.
1.1.2 Cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton
Hin nay c nhiu nghin cu v cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh
ton, nhng cc phng php c dng ch yu l:
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu
Mt cch gn ng c th ly P
= P
m
Khi

n
tt nc Pdi
i=1
tt tt
2 2
tt
tt tt tt
P = K
Q = P *tg
P
S = P +Q =
Cos

(1-1)
(1-2)
(1-3)

n
tt nc dmi
i=1
P = K * P
Trong :
- P
i
, P
mi
: cng sut t v cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i ( kW)
- P
tt
, Q
tt
, S
tt
: cng sut tc dng, phn khng v ton phn tnh ton ca
nhm thit b ( kW, kVAR, kVA )
- n : s thit b trong nhm
- K
nc
: h s nhu cu ca nhm h tiu th c trng tra trong s tay tra cu
Phng php ny c u im l n gin, thun tin. Nhc im ca phng
php ny l km chnh xc. Bi h s nhu cu tra trong s tay l mt s liu c
nh cho trc, khng ph thuc vo ch vn hnh v s thit b trong nhm.
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut ph ti trn mt n v din
tch sn xut
Cng thc tnh :

tt o
P = p *F
Trong :
- p
o
: sut ph ti trn mt n v din tch sn xut (W/m
2
). Gi tr p
o
c
tra trong cc s tay.
- F : din tch sn xut (m
2
)
Phng php ny ch cho kt qu gn ng khi c ph ti phn b ng u
trn din tch sn xut, nn n c dng trong giai on thit k s b, thit k
chiu sng.
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut tiu hao in nng cho mt
n v thnh phm
Cng thc tnh ton :

(1-4)
( 1-5 )

Trong :
M : S n v sn phm c sn xut ra trong mt nm
W
o
: Sut tiu hao in nng cho mt n v sn phm (kWh)
T
max
: Thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht (gi)
Phng php ny c dng tnh ton cho cc thit b in c th ph ti
t bin i nh: qut gi, my nn kh, bnh in phn Khi ph ti tnh ton
gn bng ph ti trung bnh v kt qu tnh ton tng i chnh xc.
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s
cc i
Cng thc tnh :
n
tt max sd dmi
i=1
P = K .K . P
Trong :
n : S thit b in trong nhm
P
mi
: Cng sut nh mc thit b th i trong nhm
K
max
: H s cc i tra trong s tay theo quan h
K
max
= f ( n
hq
, K
sd
)
n
hq
: s thit b s dng in c hiu qu l s thit b gi thit c cng cng
sut v ch lm vic, chng i hi ph ti bng ph ti tnh ton ca nhm ph
ti thc t. (Gm c cc thit b c cng sut v ch lm vic khc nhau)
Cng thc tnh n
hq
nh sau:

0
tt
max
M.W
P =
T
( 1-6 )
( 1-7 )
( )
2
n
dmi
i=1
hq n
2
dmi
i=1
P
n =
P
_

,
Trong :
P
m
: cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i
n : s thit b c trong nhm
Khi n ln th vic xc nh n
hq
theo phng php trn kh phc tp do c th
xc nh n
hq
mt cch gn ng theo cch sau:
+ Khi tho mn iu kin:
dm max
dm min
P
m 3
P

v Ksd 0,4 th ly n
hq
= n
Trong P
m min
, P
m max
l cng sut nh mc b nht v ln nht ca cc thit
b trong nhm.
+ Khi m > 3 v K
sd
0,2 th n
hq
c th xc nh theo cng thc sau:
n
dmi
i=1
hq
dmmax
2 P
n =
P
_

,
+ Khi m > 3 v K
sd
< 0,2 th n
hq
c xc nh theo trnh t nh sau:
.Tnh n
1
- s thit b c cng sut 0,5P
m max
.Tnh P
1
- tng cng sut ca n
1
thit b k trn:
1
l dmi
i=1
n
P = P
.Tnh n* = ; P* =

P
1
P
n
1
n
P: Tng cng sut ca cc thit b trong nhm:
n
dmi
i=1
P = P
Da vo n*, P* tra bng xc nh c n

hq
* = f (n*,P* )
Tnh n
hq
= n
hq
*.n
Cn ch l nu trong nhm c thit b tiu th in lm vic ch ngn
hn lp li th phi quy i v ch di hn khi tnh n
hq
theo cng thc:
qd dm d% P =P . K
K
d
: h s ng in tng i phn trm.
Cng cn quy i v cng sut 3 pha i vi cc thit b dng in 1 pha.
+ Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p pha :
P
qd
= 3.P
mfa max
+ Thit b mt pha u vo in p dy :
P
qd
= 3 .P
m
Ch : Khi s thit b hiu qu b hn 4 th c th dng phng php n
gin sau xc nh ph ti tnh ton :
+ Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm thit b gm s thit b l 3 hay t hn c th
ly bng cng sut danh nh ca nhm thit b :
n
tt dmi
i=1
P = P
n: S thit b tiu th in thc t trong nhm.

Khi s thit b tiu th thc t trong nhm ln hn 3 nhng s thit b tiu th
hiu qu nh hn 4 th c th xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng thc:
n
tt ti dmi
i=1
P = K .P
Trong : K
t
l h s ti. Nu khng bit chnh xc c th ly nh sau:

K
t
= 0,9 i vi thit b lm vic ch di hn.
K
t
= 0,75 i vi thit b lm vic ch ngn hn lp li.
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s
hnh dng
Cng thc tnh : P
tt
= K
hd
.P
tb
Q
tt
= P
tt
.tg
S
tt
=
2 2
tt tt
P +Q
Trong K
hd
: h s hnh dng ca th ph ti tra trong s tay
T
dt
0
tb
P
A
P = =
T T
P
tb
: Cng sut trung bnh ca nhm thit b kho st
A: in nng tiu th ca mt nhm h tiu th trong khong thi gian T.
* Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v lch
trung bnh bnh phng
Cng thc tnh : Ptt = Ptb .
Trong : : h s tn x.
: lch ca th ph ti khi gi tr trung bnh.
Phng php ny thng c dng tnh ton ph ti cho cc nhm thit b
ca phn xng hoc ca ton b nh my. Tuy nhin phng php ny t c
dng trong tnh ton thit k mi v n i hi kh nhiu thng tin v ph ti m
ch ph hp vi h thng ang vn hnh.
* Xc nh ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b
Theo phng php ny th ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b s xut hin khi
thit b c dng khi ng ln nht m my, cn cc thit b khc trong nhm lm
vic bnh thng v c tnh theo cng thc sau:

I
n
= I
k max
+ I
tt
K
sd
.I
m max

Trong :
I
k max
- dng khi ng ca thit b c dng khi ng ln nht trong nhm.
I
tt
- dng tnh ton ca nhm my.
I
m max
- dng nh mc ca thit b ang khi ng.
K
sd
- h s s dng ca thit b ang khi ng.
1.2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho phn xng sa cha c kh
1.2.1 Phn loi v phn nhm ph ti in trong phn xng sa cha c
kh.
- Cc thit b phn ln u lm vic ch di hn. Ch c ph ti my bin
p hn lm vic ch ngn hn lp li. Do cn quy i v ch lm vic
di hn :
qd dm P = 3.P . %
d
k = 3.24, 6. 0, 25 = 21, 3(kW)
- phn nhm ph ti ta da theo nguyn tc sau:
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn c cng mt ch lm vic.
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn gn nhau trnh chng cho v gim chiu di
dy dn h p.
+ Cng sut cc nhm cng nn khng qu chnh lch nhm nhm gim
chng loi t ng lc.
- Cn c vo v tr, cng sut ca cc my cng c b tr trn mt bng phn
xng ta chia ra lm 5 nhm thit b ph ti nh sau:
+ Nhm 1 : 1; 2; 4; 20; 10; 22; 17; 23; 26; 27.
+ Nhm 2: 1; 2; 3; 4; 7; 8; 9; 10.
+ Nhm 3 : 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 11; 12; 13.
+ Nhm 4 : 1; 11; 12; 3; 8; 9; 18; 19; 21.
+ Nhm 5 : 5; 6; 7; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16

Bng 1-1 Bng phn nhm thit b in ca phn xng sa cha c kh
TT Tn nhm v tn thit b K hiu trn
mt bng
S
lng
Cng sut t
( kW)
Ton b
(kW)
Nhm 1
1 My tin ren 1 4 10 40
2 My tin ren 2 4 10 40
3 My doa ngang 4 1 4,5 4,5
4 My mi phng c trc nm 20 1 2,8 2,8
5 My phay chp hnh 10 1 0,6 0,6
6 My khoan bn 22 1 0,65 0,65
7 My mi trn 17 1 7 7
8 My mi sc 23 2 2,8 5,6
9 My gia 26 1 1 1
10 My mi sc cc dao ct gt 27 1 2,8 2,8
Cng theo nhm 1 17 104,95
Nhm 2
11 My tin ren 1 2 7 14
12 My tin ren 2 1 4,5 4,5
13 My tin ren 3 2 3,2 6,4
14 My tin ren 4 1 10 10
15 My phay vn nng 7 1 4,5 4,5
16 My bo ngang 8 1 5,8 5,8
17 My mi trn vn nng 9 1 2,8 2,8
18 My mi phng 10 1 4 4
Cng theo nhm 2 10 52
Nhm 3
19 My tin ren 1 1 7 7
20 My tin ren 2 1 4,5 4,5
21 My tin ren 3 1 3,2 3,2
22 My tin ren 4 1 10 10
23 My khoan ng 5 1 2,8 2,8
24 My khoan ng 6 1 7 7
25 My ca 11 1 2.8 2,8
26 My mi hai pha 12 1 2,8 2,8
27 My khoan bn 13 6 0,65 3,9
Cng theo nhm 3 14 44
Nhm 4
28 My tin ren 1 1 7 7
29 My ca 11 1 2.8 2,8
30 My mi hai pha 12 1 2,8 2,8
31 My doa ta 3 1 4,5 4,5
32 My khoan bo 8 2 7 14
33 My phay chp hnh 9 1 1 1

34 My mi trn vn nng 18 1 2,8 2,8
35 My mi phng c trc ng 19 1 10 10
36 My p thy lc 21 1 4,5 4,5
Nhm 5
37 My khoan ng 5 2 7 14
38 My bo ngang 6 1 4,5 4,5
39 My mi ph 7 1 5,62 5,62
40 My phay chp hnh 11 1 3 3
41 My bo ngang 12 2 7 14
42 My khoan hng tm 15 1 4,5 4,5
43 My khoan ng 16 1 4,5 4,5
44 My xc 14 2 7 14
45 My bo ging mt tr 13 1 10 10
1.2.2 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca cc nhm ph ti
(Cc g tr k
sd
, cos v k
max
tra ph lc)
Tnh ton cho nhm 1
Bng 1-2: Danh sch thit b thuc nhm 1
TT Tn nhm v tn thit b K hiu
trn mt
bng
S lng Cng sut
t
( kW)
Cngsut
ton b
(kW)
Nhm 1
1 My tin ren 1 4 10 40
2 My tin ren 2 4 10 40
3 My doa ngang 4 1 4,5 4,5
4 My mi phng c trc nm 20 1 2,8 2,8
5 My phay chp hnh 10 1 0,6 0,6
6 My khoan bn 22 1 0,65 0,65
7 My mi trn 17 1 7 7
8 My mi sc 23 2 2,8 5,6
9 My gia 26 1 1 1
10 My mi sc cc dao ct gt 27 1 2,8 2,8


Tra ph lc PL 1.1 trang 324 sch H thng cung cp in ca x nghip cng
nghip v nh cao tng tm c k
sd
= 0,15; cos = 0,6 ta c:
n = 17 ; n
1
= 2
n* =
1 n
n
=
17
2
= 0,12
P* =
1 P
P
=
95 , 104
80
= 0,76
Tra ph lc 1.4 tm c n
hq
* = 0,25
S thit b dng in hiu qu n
hq
= n
hq
*.n = 4,25
Tra ph lc 1.5 vi k
sd
= 0,15 v n
hq
= 4,25 tm c k
max
= 3,11
Ph ti tnh ton nhm 1:
) ( 96 , 48 95 , 104 . 15 , 0 . 11 , 3 .
1
max
kW P k k P
n
i
mi sd tt

Q
tt
= P
tt
.tg = 48,96.1,33 = 65,12 (kVAR)
S
tt
=
tt P
cos
=
6 , 81
6 , 0
96 , 48
(kVA)
Tnh ton tng t cho cc nhm ph ti cn li.
Ta c bng tng kt ph ti in phn xng sa cha c kh (Bng 1-3)

Tn nhm v thit b
K hiu
trn
bn v
S
lng
Pm
dm max
dm min
P
=
P
m Ksd
Cos/
tg
nhq
Kmax Ptt
(kW)
Qtt
(kVAr
)
Stt
(kVA)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Nhm 1
My tin ren 1 4 40 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 2 4 40 0,15 0,6/1,33
My doa ngang 4 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi phng c trc nm 20 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My phay chp hnh 10 1 0,6 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan bn 22 1 0,65 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi trn 17 1 7 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi sc 23 2 5,6 0,15 0,6/1,33
My gia 26 1 1 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi sc cc dao ct gt 27 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
Cng theo nhm 1 17 104,95 16,66 0,15 0,6/1,33 4,25 3,11 48,96 65,12 81,6
Nhm 2
My tin ren 1 2 14 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 2 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 3 2 6,4 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 4 1 10 0,15 0,6/1,33
My phay vn nng 7 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My bo ngang 8 1 5,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi trn vn nng 9 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi phng 10 1 4 0,15 0,6/1,33
Cng theo nhm 2 10 52 3,57 0,15 0,6/1,33 6,6 2,48 19,34 25,73 32,23
Nhm3
My tin ren 1 1 7 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 2 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33

My tin ren 3 1 3,2 0,15 0,6/1,33
My tin ren 4 1 10 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan ng 5 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan ng 6 1 7 0,15 0,6/1,33
My ca 11 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi hai pha 12 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan bn 13 6 3,9 0,15 0,6/1,33
Cng theo nhm 3 14 44 15,38 0,15 0,6/1,33 7,64 2,31 15,25 20,28 25,42
Nhm 4
My tin ren 1 1 7 0,15 0,6/1,33
My ca 11 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi hai pha 12 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My doa ta 3 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan bo 8 2 14 0,15 0,6/1,33
My phay chp hnh 9 1 1 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi trn vn nng 18 1 2,8 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi phng c trc ng 19 1 10 0,15 0,6/1,33
My p thy lc 21 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
Cng theo nhm 4 11 49,4 10 0,15 0,6/1,33 6,6 2,48 18,38 24,44 30,63
Nhm 5
My khoan ng 5 2 14 0,15 0,6/1,33
My bo ngang 6 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My mi ph 7 1 5,62 0,15 0,6/1,33
My phay chp hnh 11 1 3 0,15 0,6/1,33
My bo ngang 12 2 14 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan hng tm 15 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My khoan ng 16 1 4,5 0,15 0,6/1,33
My xc 14 2 14 0,15 0,6/1,33
My bo ging mt tr 13 1 10 0,15 0,6/1,33
Cng theo nhm 5 12 74,12 3,33 0,15 0,6/1,33 6,84 2,48 27,57 36,67 45,95


1.2.3 Xc nh ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng sa cha c kh
Ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng sa cha c kh xc nh theo phng php
sut chiu sng trn mt n v din tch:
P
cs
= p
o
.F
Trong :
p
o
: Sut chiu sng trn mt n v din tch (W/m
2
)
F: Din tch c chiu sng (m
2
)
Trong phn xng SCCK h thng chiu sng s dng n si t. Tra PL 1.7
trang 328 sch H thng cung cp in ca x nghip cng nghip v nh cao
tng ta tm c p
o
= 14 W/m
2
Ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng:
P
cs
= p
o
.F = 14.363,25 = 5,12 (KW)
Q
cs
= P
cs
.tg
cs
= 0 (n si t cos
cs
= 0 )
1.2.4 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ton phn xng
* Ph ti tc dng (ng lc) ca ton phn xng:

) ( 55 , 116 ) 57 , 27 38 , 18 25 , 15 34 , 19 96 , 48 .( 9 , 0 .
5
1
kW P k P
i
tti t l
+ + + +
Trong k
dt
l h s ng thi ca ton phn xng, ly k
dt
= 0,9
* Ph ti phn khng ca phn xng:
) ( 02 , 155 ) 67 , 36 44 , 24 28 , 20 73 , 25 12 , 65 .( 9 , 0 .
5
1
kVAr Q k Q
i
tti t l
+ + + +
* Ph ti ton phn ca phn xng k c chiu sng:
P
ttpx
= P
dlpx
+ P
cspx
= 116,55 + 5,12 = 121,67 (kW)
Q
ttpx
= Q
dlpx
=155,02 (kVAr)
S
ttpx
=
2 2
tt tt
P +Q =
95 , 193 02 , 155 67 , 121
2 2
+
(kVA)

Cos
px
=
ttpx
ttpx
P
S
=
63 , 0
95 , 193
67 , 121
1.2.5 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho cc phn xng cn li

Do ch bit trc cng sut t v din tch ca cc phn xng nn y ta s
dng phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu.
1.2.5.1 Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s
nhu cu :
Mt cch gn ng c th ly P
= P
m
Khi

n
tt nc dmi
i=1
P = K * P
Trong :
- P
i
, P
mi
: Cng sut t v cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i (kW)
- P
tt
, Q
tt
, S
tt
: Cng sut tc dng, phn khng v ton phn tnh ton ca
nhm thit b (kW, kVAR, kVA)
- n : S thit b trong nhm
- K
nc
: H s nhu cu ca nhm h tiu th c trng tra trong s tay tra cu
1.2.5.2 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca cc phn xng
Vic tnh ton cho cc phn xng l hon ton ging nhau. Ta tnh mt phn
xng mu. Ly phn xng rn lm v d:

n
tt nc Pdi
i=1
tt tt
2 2 tt
tt tt tt
P = K
Q = P *tg
P
S = P +Q =
Cos

(1-8)
(1-9)
(1-10)
(1-11)
Tnh ton cho phn xng rn
Cng sut t 2100 kW, din tch 750 m
2
;
Tra ph lc 1.3 sch H thng cung cp in ca x nghip cng nghip, th
v nh cao tng ta c: K
nc
= 0,5; cos = 0,6; tg = 1,33. y ta dng n si t
c cos
cs
=1; tg
cs
= 0.
Tra ph lc 1.7 ta c sut chiu sng po = 15 W/m2
Cng sut tnh ton ng lc
P
dl
= K
nc
.P
= 0,5.2100 = 1050 kW
Q
dl
= P
dl
.tg = 1050.1,33 = 1396,5 kVAr
Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng:
P
cs
= p
o
.F = 0,015.750 = 11,25 kW
Q
cs
= P
cs
.tgcs = 11,25.0 = 0 kVAr
Cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng:
P
tt
= P
dl
+ P
cs
= 1050 + 11,25 = 1061,25 kW
Q
tt
= Q
dl
+ q
cs
= 1396,5 + 0 = 1396,5 kVAr
S
tt
=
99 , 1753 5 , 1396 1061
2 2
+
kVA
Tnh ton tng t cho cc phn xng cn li. Ring i vi khu nh vn
phng ta chn n hunh quang c cos
cs
= 0,85; tg
cs
= 0,62 cn li ta dng n
si t c cos
cs
= 1; tg
cs
= 0. Ta c bng tng kt sau y: (Bng 1-4)

TT Tn Phn xng
P
(kW)
Knc Cos F (m
2
)
Po (W/
m
2
)
Pdl Pcs Ptt Qtt Stt
1 PX c kh 3200 0,4 0,7 1562,5 14 1280 21,88 1301,88 1305,86 1843,95
2 PX luyn kim mu 1800 0,6 0,8 1500 14 1080 21,00 1101 810 1366,86
3 PX luyn kim en 2500 0,6 0,7 531,25 14 1500 7,44 1507,44 1530 2147,85
4 PX sa cha c kh 0,63 365,63 14 116,55 5,12 121,67 155,02 193,95
5 PX rn 2100 0,5 0,6 750 15 1050 11,25 1061,25 1396,5 1753,99
6 PX nhit luyn 2800 0,5 0,6 481,25 15 1400 7,22 1407,22 1862 2333,94
7 B phn kh nn 1200 0,5 0,8 787,5 15 600 11,81 611,81 450 816,03
8 Ban qun l v phng thit k 80 0,8 0,7 1687,5 15 64 25,31 89,31 65,28 110,62
9 Kho vt liu 60 0,4 0,7 825 10 24 8,25 10,65 24,48 26,69
10 Chiu sng phn xng
Tng 119,28 7212,23 7599,14 10593,88

1.3 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca nh my
* Ph ti tnh ton tc dng ca ton nh my:
P
ttnm
= K
dt
.
9
1
ttpxi
i
P

Trong : K
dt
h s ng thi ly bng 0,85
P
ttpxi
ph ti tnh ton ca cc phn xng xc nh c trn
P
ttnm
= 0,85. 7212,23= 6130,40 (kW)
Ph ti tnh ton phn khng ca ton nh my:
Q
ttnm
= K
dt
.
9
ttpxi
i=1
Q
= 0,85. 7599,14= 6459,27 (kVAr)

Ph ti tnh ton ton phn ca ton nh my:
S
ttnm
=
+
2 2
27 , 6459 40 , 6130
8248,83 (kVA)
H s cng sut ca ton nh my:
cos
nm
=

83 , 8248
40 , 6130
ttnm
ttnm
S
P
0,73
1.4 Xc nh tm ph ti v v biu ph ti
1.4.1 Tm ph ti in
Tm ph ti in l im tha mn iu kin momen ph ti t gi tr cc
tiu
1
n
i i
i
X l
Min
Trong :
Pi v li l cng sut v khong cch ca ph ti th i n tm ph ti
xc nh to ca tm ph ti c th s dng cc biu thc sau:

n
i i
i=1
o n
i
i=1
x S
x =
S
;
n
i i
i=1
o n
i
i=1
y S
y =
S
;
n
i i
i=1
o n
i
i=1
z S
z =
S
Trong
xo; yo; zo: to ca tm ph ti in
xi; yi; zi: to ca ph ti th i tnh theo mt h trc to XYZ tu
chn.
Si: cng sut ca ph ti th i
Trong thc t thng t quan tm n to z. Tm ph ti in l v tr tt
nht t cc trm bin p, trm phn phi, t ng lc nhm mc ch tit
kim chi ph cho dy dn v gim tn tht trn li in.
1.4.2 Biu ph ti in
Biu ph ti in l mt vng trn v trn mt phng, c tm trng vi
tm ca ph ti in, c din tch tng ng vi cng sut ca ph ti theo t l
xch no tu chn. Biu ph ti in cho php ngi thit k hnh dung
c s phn b ph ti trong phm vi khu vc cn thit k, t c c s
lp cc phng n cung cp in. Biu ph ti in c chia thnh hai
phn: Phn ph ti ng lc (phn hnh qut gch cho) v phn ph ti chiu
sng (phn hnh qut trng).
v c biu ph ti cho cc phn xng, ta coi ph ti ca cc phn
xng phn b u theo din tch phn xng nn tm ph ti c th ly trng
vi tm hnh hc ca phn xng trn mt bng.
Bn knh vng trn biu ph ti ca ph ti th i c xc nh qua biu
thc:
i
i
S
R =
m.

Trong : m l t l xch, y chn m = 3 kVA/ mm
2
Gc ca ph ti chiu sng nm trong biu c xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
cs
cs
tt
360.P
=
P
Kt qu tnh ton Ri v
csi
ca biu ph ti cc phn xng c ghi
trong bng sau:
Bng 1-5 Kt qu tnh ton Ri v
csi
TT Tn phn xng Pcs Ptt Stt
Tm ph ti
R
cs
o
x y
1 PX c kh 21,88 1301,88 1843,95 6,7 11,5 13,99 6,05
2 PX luyn kim mu 21,00 1101 1366,86 13,5 11.5 12,05 6,87
3 PX luyn kim en 7,44 1507,44 2147,85 20 14.5 15,10 1,78
4 PX sa cha c kh 5,12 121,67 193,95 23,5 14,5 4,54 15,15
5 PX rn 11,25 1061,25 1753,99 28,5 13,5 13,65 3,82
6 PX nhit luyn 7,22 1407,22 2333,94 28 5 17,86 1,23
7 B phn kh nn 11,81 611,81 816,03 26,5 2 11,68 4,12
8
Ban qun l v
phng thit k
25,31 89,31 110,62 8,5 3 3,43 82,37
9 Kho vt liu 8,25 10,65 26,69 17 4,5 1,68 278,87
10
Chiu sng phn
xng
119,28

Hnh 1.1 Biu ph ti in ca nh my c kh nng nghip
CHNG

THIT K MNG CAO P CHO TON
NH MY C KH NNG NGHIP
2.1 t vn
Vic la chn s cung cp in nh hng rt ln n cc ch tiu kinh t
v k thut ca h thng. Mt s cung cp in c coi l hp l phi tha
mn cc yu cu c bn sau:
1. m bo cc ch tiu k thut.
2. m bo tin cy cung cp in.
3. Thun tin v linh hot trong vn hnh.
4. An ton cho ngi v thit b.
5. D dng pht trin p ng nhu cu tng trng ca ph ti trong
tng lai.
6. m bo cc ch tiu v mt kinh t.
Trnh t tnh ton thit k mng cao p cho nh my bao gm cc bc:
1. Vch phng n cung cp in.
2. La chn v tr, s lng, dung lng ca cc trm bin p v la
chn tit din cc ng dy cho cc phng n.
3. Tnh ton kinh t k thut la chn phng n hp l.
4. Thit k chi tit cho phng n c chn.
2.2 Vch cc phng n cung cp in
Theo tnh ton chng trc th cp in p truyn ti t trm bin p
trung tm ca khu cng nghip v nh my l 35 kV.
2.2.1 Phng n v cc trm bin p phn xng
Cc trm bin p phn xng c la chn trn nguyn tc sau:

1. V tr t trm phi tha mn yu cu: gn tm ph ti; thun tin cho
vic vn chuyn, lp t, vn hnh, sa cha my bin p an ton kinh
t.
2. S lng my bin p (MBA) t trong cc TBA phi c la chn
cn c vo yu cu cung cp in ca ph ti; iu kin vn chuyn
v lp t, ch lm vic ca ph ti. Cc h ph ti loi v ch
nn t hai MBA, cc h ph ti loi th ch nn t mt MBA.
3. Dung lng cc MBA c chn theo iu kin:
n.k
hc
.S
dmB
S
tt
V kim tra theo iu kin qu ti s c:
(n- 1). k
hc
.k
qt
.S
dmB
S
ttsc
Trong :
n - s my bin p c trong trm bin p
k
hc
- h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng, ta chn loi my
bin p ch to ti Vit Nam nn khng cn hiu chnh nhit , k
hc
= 1.
k
qt
- h s qu ti s c, k
qt
= 1,4 nu tha mn iu kin MBA vn
hnh qu ti khng qu 5 ngy m. Thi gian qu ti trong mt ngy
m khng vt qu 6h, trc khi qu ti MBA vn hnh vi h s ti
0,93.
S
ttsc
cng sut tnh ton s c. Khi s c mt MBA c th loi b
mt s ph ti khng quan trng gim nh c vn u t v tn tht
ca trm trong trng hp vn hnh bnh thng. Gi thit trong cc h
loi c 30% l ph ti loi nn S
ttsc
= 0,7 S
tt

ng thi cng cn hn ch chng loi MBA dng trong nh my to
iu kin thun tin cho vic mua sm, lp t, thay th, vn hnh, sa
cha v kin tra nh k.
t 5 TBA phn xng trong :

* Trm B1 cung cp cho ph ti ca phn xng c kh, ban qun l v phng
thit k.
* Trm B2 cung cp cho ph ti ca phn luyn kim mu.
* Trm B3 cung cp cho ph ti ca phn xng luyn kim en.
* Trm B4 cung cp cho ph ti ca phn xng nhit luyn, b phn kh nn
v kho vt liu.
* Trm B5 cung cp cho ph ti ca phn xng sa cha c kh v phn
xng rn.
* Trm bin p B1
iu kin chn MBA:
n.k
hc
.S
dmB
S
tt
= 1843,95 (kVA)
S
dmB

2
95 , 1843
= 921,99 (kVA)
Chn MBA tiu chun c S
dmB
= 1000 (kVA)
Kim tra li theo iu kin qu ti s c:
( n.-1).k
hc
.k
qtsc
.S
dmB
S
ttSC
= 0,7. S
tt
S
dmB

4 , 1
95 , 1843 . 7 , 0
= 921,98 (kVA)
Nh vy MBA chn tha mn cc iu kin.
Trm B1 ta t 2 MBA c S
dmB
= 1000 (kVA)
Tnh ton tng t cho cc trm cn li ta c kt qu chn MBA nh sau.

Bng 2-1 Kt qu chn MBA cho cc trm bin p phn xng
Trm
S lng
MBA
S
tt
( KVA)
S
ttB
( KVA)
S
sc
( KVA)
(n-
1).k
hc
k
qtsc
.S
dm
( kVA )
S
dmB
( KVA
)
B1 2
1843,9
5 921,99 1290,77 1780.47 1000
B2 2
1387,8
6 693,93 971,50 1387,86 750
B3 2
2155,2
9 1077,65 1508,7 2155,29 1600
B4 2
3076,6
6 1538,33 2153,66 3076,66 1600
B5 2
1947,9
4 973,97
1363,56
1947,94
1000
2.2.2 Xc nh v tr cc trm bin p phn xng
Trong cc trm nh my thng s dng cc kiu trm bin p phn xng:
* Cc trm bin p cung cp cho mt phn xng c th dng loi lin k
c mt tng ca trm chung vi tng ca phn xng, nh vy tit kim
c vn xy dng v t nh hng n cc cng trnh khc.
* Trm lng cng c s dng cung cp in cho mt phn hoc
ton b mt phn xng v c chi ph u t thp, vn hnh bo qun thun li,
song v mt an ton khi c s c trong trm khng cao.
* Cc trm bin p dng chung cho nhiu phn xng nn t gn tm
ph ti, nh vy c th a in p cao ti gn h tiu th in v rt ngn kh
nhiu, chiu di mng phn phi cao p ca x nghip cng nh mng h p
phn xng, gim chi ph kim loi mu v gim tn tht. Cng v vy nn dng
trm c lp tuy nhin vn u t xy dng trm s gia tng.

Ty thuc vo iu kin c th c th la chn mt trong cc loi trm bin
p nu. m bo an ton cho ngi cng nh thit b, m bo m quan
cng nghip y s dng loi trm xy t gn tm ph ti, gn cc trc giao
thng trong nh my, song cng cn phi tnh n kh nng pht trin v m
rng sn xut.
2.2.3 Phng n cung cp in cho trm bin p phn xng
2.2.3.1 Cc phng n cung cp in cho trm bin p phn xng
* Phng n s dng s dn su
Dn ng dy trung p 35 kV vo su trong nh my n tn cc cc trm
bin p phn xng. Nh a trc tip in cao p vo trm bin p phn
xng s gim c vn u t xy dng trm bin p trung gian hoc trm
phn phi trung tm, gim c tn tht v nng cao nng lc truyn ti ca
mng. Tuy nhin nhc im ca s ny l tin cy khng cao, cc thit b
s dng trong s ny gi thnh t yu cu vn phc tp, n ch ph hp vi
cc nh my c ph ti rt ln v phn xng sn xut nm tp trung gn nhau
nn ta khng xt y.
*Phng n s dng trm bin p trung gian
Ngun 35 kV ly qua trm bin p trung gian (TBATG) c h xung 10
kV cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng, nh vy s gim c vn
u t cho mng in cao p cng nh cc TBA phn xng, vn hnh thun
li hn v tin cy cung cp in cng c ci thin. Song phi tn vn xy
dng trm bin p trung gian, gia tng tn tht trong mng cao p, nu s dng
phng n ny. V nh my l h loi nn phi t 2 MBA vi cng sut c
chn theo iu kin (c xt n s pht trin ca ph ti nh my trong vng 10
nm ).
n.k
hc
.S
dmB
S
ttNM(10)
= 8248,83 kVA

S
dmBA

ttNM(10)
S
2
=
2
83 , 8248
= 4124,415 ( kVA)
Chn MBA tiu chun c cng sut nh mc S
dm
= 5600 kVA
Kim tra theo iu kin qu ti
( n- 1). k
hc
.k
qt
.S
dmB
S
ttsc
S
dmBA

ttNM(10)
0,7.S
1,4
=
4 , 1
83 , 8248 . 7 , 0
= 4124,415 kVA
Vy MBA chn tha mn.
*Phng n s dng trm phn phi trung tm (TPPTT)
Ngun in cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng thng qua TPPTT.
Nh vy m vic qun l, vn hnh mng in cao p nh my s thun tin
hn, tn tht trong mng in gim, tin cy cung cp in c gia tng,
song vn u t cho mng cng ln hn. Trong thc t y l phng n
thng c s dng khi in p ngun khng cao ( 35 kV ), cng sut phn
xng tng i ln.
2.2.3.2. Xc nh v tr t trm bin p trung gian, trm phn phi
trung tm ca nh my:
Da vo h trc ta XOY chn c th xc nh c tm ph ti in
ca nh my.
n
i i
i=1
o n
i
i=1
x S
x =
S

+ + + + + + + +
83 , 8248
99 , 1753 . 5 , 28 94 , 2333 . 28 03 , 816 . 5 , 26 95 , 193 . 5 , 23 85 , 2147 . 20 69 , 26 . 17 86 , 1366 . 5 , 13 62 , 110 . 5 , 8 95 , 1843 . 7 , 6
= 26,21

n
i i
i=1
o n
i
i=1
y S
y =
S

+ + + + + + + +
83 , 8248
95 , 193 . 5 , 14 85 , 2147 . 5 , 14 99 , 1753 . 5 , 12 86 , 1366 . 5 , 11 95 , 1843 . 5 , 11 94 , 2333 . 5 69 , 26 . 5 , 4 62 , 110 . 3 03 , 816 . 2
= 12,92
V tr tt nht t TBATG hay TPPTT c ta l M (26,21; 12,92) theo
v tr nh xng.
2.2.3.3. La chn phng n ni dy ca mng cao p:
Nh my thuc h loi nn ta dng ng dy kp t KCN n nh my.
Do tnh cht quan trng ca cc phn xng cho nn mng cao p trong nh
my dng s hnh tia hoc lin thng. Vi phn xng loi I ta dng l kp,
vi phn xng thuc h loi III ta dng ng dy n. S loi ny c
nhiu u im l s u dy r rng, cc trm bin p phn xng c cp
in t mt ng dy ring nn t nh hng ln nhau, tin cy cung cp
in tng i cao, d thc hin bo v v t ng ha, d vn hnh. Cc
ng cp cao p u c t trong cc ng xy ring trong t dc theo
cc tuyn giao thng ni b.
T phn tch trn ta a ra 4 phng n thit k mng cao p ca nh my
c trnh by trn hnh v:
2.3 Tnh ton kinh t - k thut cho cc phng n
so snh kinh t k thut gia cc phng n ta dng hm chi ph vng
i
C
v
=V+C
vh
Trong :
- V: l tng vn u t bao gm cc vn u t v:

+ ng dy (ch yu xt pha cao p ca nh my)
+ Trm bin p
+ My ct
- C
vh
: l chi ph vn hnh hng nm c tnh theo biu thc:
C
vh
= C
bd
+C
kh
+C
E
+C
m
+C
nc
+C
ph
+ C
bd
: chi ph v tu sa bo dng
C
bq
= k
bq
.V vi k
bq
h s bo qun
+ C
kh
: chi ph v khu hao
C
kh
= k
kh
.V vi k
kh
l h s khu hao
+ C
E
: chi ph tn tht v in
C
E
= C
P
+C
A
=
P
.P+
A
.A
Vi P; A l tn tht cng sut tc dng v tn tht in nng
P
;
A
l gi 1kW.ng; 1kWh.ng
+ C
m
: tn tht kinh t do mt in
+ C
nc
: chi ph v lng cn b v nhn cng vn hnh
+ C
ph
: chi ph ph khc nh lm mt, si m
Trong khi thit k c th gi thit C
bd
; C
kh
; C
nc
; C
ph
; C
m
l nh nhau trong
cc phng n nn c th b qua. C
p
ch xt khi ph ti rt ln trong trng hp
ny ta cng b qua.
Vy : C
v
= V + C
A
= V+
T
Aj
j
j=1
C
(1+i)
=V+C
A0
.(P/A,i,T) = V+C
A0
.
T
T
(1+i) -1
i(1+i)
Trong : - C
A0
: chi ph v tn tht in nng nm 0.
C
A0
= A
A
ly
A
=1000 /kWh.
- i : sut chic khu (i=12%).
- T : thi gian vn hnh ca cng trnh (T=30 nm).
- j : nm vn hnh ca cng trnh.

2.3.1 Phng n 1
Phng n 1 s dng trm bin p trung gian (TBATG) nhn in 35 kV t
h thng v, h xung in p 10 kV sau cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn
xng. Cc trm bin p phn xng h t cp 10 kV xung 0,4 kV cp in
cho cc ph ti trong phn xng.
S phng n 1
Hnh 2.1 S phng n 1
2.3.1.1 Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng
trong cc trm bin p
* Chn MBA phn xng:
Trn c s chn c cng sut MBA phn 2.2.1 ta c bng kt qu chn
MBA cho cc trm bin p phn xng:
Bng 2-3 Bng kt qu chn MBA cho cc trm bin p phn xng
Tn
TBA
Sm
( kVA
)
U
C
/U
H
(kV)
P
O
(kW)
P
N
(kW)
U
N
(%)
I
O
(%)
S
lng
Gi
(10
6
)
Thnh
tin (10
6
)
TBATG 5600 35/10 5,27 34,5 7 0,7 2 505 1010
B1 1000 10/0,4 4,9 15 5,5 5 2 125 250

B2 750 10/0,4 4,1 11,9 5,5 6 2 80,5 161
B3 1600 10/0,4 2,1 15,5 5,5 0,7 2 204,8 409,6
B4 1600 10/0,4 2,1 15,5 5,5 0,7 2 204,8 409,6
B5 1000 10/0,4 4,9 15 5,5 5 2 125 250
Tng vn u t cho TBA: V
B
= 2490,2.10
6

Cc MBA c sn xut theo n t hng ti cng ty thit b in ng
Anh nn khng cn phi hiu chnh nhit .
* Xc nh tn tht in nng trong cc TBA:
A = n.P
o
.t +
2
tt
N
dmB
S 1
.P . . kWh
n S
_

,
Trong :
n - s MBA lm vic song song.
t - thi gian MBA vn hnh, vi MBA vn hnh sut nm t = 8760 h
- thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht,vi nh my dt c T
max
= 5000h
= ( 0,124 + 10
- 4
.T
max
)
2
.8760 = 3410,93 h
P
o
, P
N
- tn tht cng sut khng ti v tn tht cng sut ngn mch
trong MBA.
S
tt
- cng sut tnh ton ca trm bin p.
S
dmB
- cng sut nh mc ca MBA.
Tnh tn tht in nng cho trm bin p trung gian
S
tt
= 8248,83 kVA
S
dmB
= 5600 kVA
P
o
= 5,27 kW
P
N
= 34,5 kW
Ta c: A = 2.5,27.8760 +
35 , 251208 93 , 3410 .
5600
83 , 8248
. 5 , 34 .
2
1
2

,
_
kWh

Tnh ton tng t cho cc TBA khc, kt qu tnh ton cho trong bng
sau:
Bng 2-4 Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA phng n 1
TN TBA
S
MY S
TT
( kVA) S
M
(kVA)
P
O
(kW) P
N
(kW) A(kWh)
TBATG 2 8248,83 5600 5.27 34.5 251208,35
B1 2 1843,95 1000 4,9 15 78814.26
B2 2 1387,86 750 4.1 11.9 61964.82
B3 2 2155,29 1600 2.1 15.5 98718.29
B4 2 3076,66 1600 2.1 15.5 131994.25
B5 2 1947,94 1000 4,9 15 83341.86
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p: AB = 706041,83kWh
2.3.1.2 Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht cng sut, tn tht in nng
trong mng in
* Chn cp t TBATG v cc TBA phn xng
Cp cao p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in J
kt
. i vi nh
my lin hp dt c T
max
= 5000 h. S dng cp li ng, tra bng 2.10 TL1 tm
c J
kt
= 3,1 A/mm
2
.
Tit din kinh t ca cp:
F
kt
=
max
kt
I
J
mm
2
Dng in lm vic cc i qua mt si cp:
ttpx
max
dm
S
I =
n. 3.U
A
Trong :
n - s l cp

Da vo tr s F
kt
tnh c, tra bng la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn
nht.
Kim tra tit din chn theo iu kin pht nng:
k
hc
.I
cp
I
sc
Trong :
I
sc
dng in qua cp khi s c t 1 dy. I
sc
= 2. I
max
k
hc
- h s hiu chnh. k
hc
= k
1
.k
2

k
1
- h s hiu chnh theo nhit . k
1
= 1
k
2
- h s hiu chnh v s dy cp cng t trong mt rnh, vi cc rnh
t 2 cp, khong cch gia cc si l 300 mm. Theo PL VI.11 TL1 ta c k
2
=
0,93.
vi rnh ch t 1 si th k
2
= 1.
V chiu di t TBATG ti cc TBA ngn nn tn tht in p nh ta c th
b qua khng cn kim tra li theo iu kin tn tht in p U
cp
.
*Chn cp t TBATG n B1
A
U
S
I
dm
ttpx
29 , 53
10 . 3 . 2
95 , 1843
. 3 . 2
max

2 max
19 , 17
1 , 3
29 , 53
mm
J
I
F
kt
kt

Tra PL V.16 TL1, la chn cp tiu chun ph hp l cp c tit din 25
mm
2
, cp ng 3 li 10 kV cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA (Nht) ch to c I
cp
= 140 A .
Kim tra cp chn theo iu kin pht nng:
0,93.I
cp
= 0,93.140 = 130,2 > I
sc
= 2.I
max
= 2.51,4= 102,8
Vy cp chn tha mn iu kin.
Tnh ton tng t cho cc l cp khc ta c kt qu tnh ton chn tit din
cp cao p nh sau:

Bng 2-5 Kt qu chn cp cao p ca phng n 1
NG
CP
F L ro R N GI
THNH
TIN
(mm
2
) (m) (/km) ( ) (10
3
/m) ( 10
3
/m)
TBATG - B1 25 113 0.927 0.052 125 14125
TBATG - B2 16 50 1.47 0.042 80 4000
TBATG - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 174 10092
TBATG - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 174 18444
TBATG - B5 25 106 0.977 0.055 125 22625
Tng vn u t cho ng dy: V
D
= 69286.10
3

* Xc nh tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy
Cng thc xc nh tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy:
P =
2
ttpx -3
2
dm
S
.R.10
U
( kW).
Trong :
R =
0
1
. .l ( )
n
r
n - s ng dy i song song
- Tn tht P trn on cp t TBATG B1:
kW P 77 , 1 10 . 052 , 0 .
10
95 , 1843
3
2
2

Tnh ton tng t cho cc ng dy khc ta c kt qu:
Bng 2-6 Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy ca phng n 1
NG
CP
F L r
o
R S
TT
P
(mm
2
) (m) (/km) ( ) (kVA) (kW)
TBATG - B1 25 113 0.927 0.052 1843,95 1,770
TBATG - B2 16 50 1.47 0.266 1387,86 5,123
TBATG - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 2155,29 0,557
TBATG - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 3076,66 1,135

TBATG - B5 25 106 0.927 0.052 1947,94 1,973
Tng tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy: P
D
= 10,522 kW
* Xc nh tn tht in nng trn ng dy:
Tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy c xc nh theo cng thc:
A
D
= P
D
.
Trong :
- thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht, = 3410,93 h. vi T
max
= 5000 h
A
D
= 10,522.3410,93 = 35889,81 kWh
2.3.1.3 Vn u t mua my ct in trong mng in cao p ca
phng n 1
Chn my ct in
Chn my ct pha h p ca TBATG
10 . 3 ). 1 2 (
83 , 8248
. 3 ). 1 (
dm
nm
cb
U n
S
I
476,81 (A)
Chn my ct F200 ca hng Schneider (Php) c I
m
= 1250 A. Gi mi
my l 17000 USD. My ct lin lc ta cng chn l my ct F200
Chn my ct cho mch cp t TBATG n B1:
Dng in cng bc khi s c hng mt ng cp:
I
cb
=
10 . 3 ). 1 2 (
95 , 1843
. 3 ). 1 (
dm
ttpx
cb
U n
S
I
106,57 A
Chn my ct F200 ca hng Schneider (Php) c I
m
= 1250 A, gi mi
my l 17000 USD.
Tnh ton tng t cho cc mch cp khc ta c bng kt qu chn my ct
nh sau:


Bng 2-7 Kt qu chn my ct cao p phng n I
NG
CP
STT
S
MCH
Icb
LOI
MY
CT
N GI
THNH
TIN
( kVA ) (A) USD USD
TBATG 8248,83 2 476,81 F200 17000 34000
MCLL - 1 - F200 17000 17000
TBATG - B1 1843,95 2 106.57 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B2 1387,86 2 80,22 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B3 2155,29 2 124,58 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B4 3076,66 2 177,84 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B5 1947,94 2 122,59 F200 17000 34000
Tng vn u t cho my ct: V
MC
= 221000 USD = 4641.10
6
2.3.1.4 Chi ph vng i ca phng n 1

*
Khi tnh ton vn u t xy dng mng in y ta ch tnh n gi
thnh cp, MBA v my ct in khc nhau ca cc phng n.(V =V
B
+ V
D
+
V
MC
). Nhng phn ging nhau c b qua gim nh khi lng tnh ton.
* Tn tht in nng trong cc phng n bao gm tn tht in nng trong
cc trm bin p v tn tht in nng trong cc ng dy: A = A
B
+ A
D
* Chi ph vng i ca phng n 1:
- Vn u t:
V
1
= V
B
+ V
D
+ V
MC
= (2490,2 + 69,286 + 4641).10
6
= 7200,49 .10
6

- Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy:
A
1
= A
B
+ A
D
= 706041,83+ 35889,81 = 741931,64 (kWh)
- Chi ph vng i:
C
v
= V + C
A
= V+C
A0
.
T
T
(1+i) -1
i(1+i)
Trong : - V = 7200,49 .10
6

- C
A0
= A
1
.
A
vi
A
= 1000/kWh; A
1
= 741931,64 kWh

C
A0
= 741931,64.1000 = 741,93.10
6
- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

Vy: C
v1
= 7200,49.10
6
+ 741,93.10
6
.
30
30
(1+0,12) -1
0,12(1+0,12)
= 7200,49.10
6
+ 741,93.10
6
. 8,0552 = 13176,88 .10
6
2.3.2 Phng n II
Trong phng n 2, ta dng chung ng cp cho 2 trm B1 v B2 l on
TBATG B2, dng chung ng cp cho 2 trm B3 v B4 l on TBATG
B3. Phng n v TBA phn xng khng thay i.
S phng n 2
Hnh 2.2 S phng n 2
2.3.2.1 Chn MBA phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng A trong
cc TBA
Tnh ton tng t nh phng n 1 ta c cc kt qu sau:

Bng 2-8 Kt qu chn MBA phn xng cho phng n 2
Tn
TBA
Sdm
( kVA
)
U
C
/U
H
(kV)
P
O
(kW)
P
N
(kW)
U
N
(%)
I
O
(%)
S
lng
Gi
(10
6
)
Thnh
tin (10
6
)
TBATG 5600 35/10 5,27 34,5 7 0,7 2 505 1010
B1 1000 10/0,4 4,9 15 5,5 5 2 125 250
B2 750 10/0,4 4,1 11,9 5,5 6 2 80,5 161
B3 1600 10/0,4 2,1 15,5 5,5 0,7 2 204,8 409,6
B4 1600 10/0,4 2,1 15,5 5,5 0,7 2 204,8 409,6
B5 1000 10/0,4 4,9 15 5,5 5 2 125 250
Tng vn u t cho TBA: K
B
= 2490,2.10
6

* Xc nh tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p:
Bng 2-9 Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA phng n 2
TN TBA
S
MY S
TT
( kVA) S
M
(kVA)
P
O
(kW) P
N
(kW) A(kWh)
TBATG 2 8248,83 5600 5.27 34.5 251208,35
B1 2 1843,95 1000 4,9 15 78814.26
B2 2 1387,86 750 4.1 11.9 61964.82
B3 2 2155,29 1600 2.1 15.5 98718.29
B4 2 3076,66 1600 2.1 15.5 131994.25
B5 2 1947,94 1000 4,9 15 83341.86
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p: A
B
= 706041,83kWh
2.3.2.2 Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht cng sut, tn tht in nng
trong mng in
Bng 2-10 Kt qu chn cp cao p ca phng n 2
NG
CP
F L ro R
N
GI
THNH
TIN
(mm2) (m) (/km) () (10
3
/m) ( 10
3
/m)
TBATG - B2 25 50 0.927 0.052 125 6250

TBATG - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 174 10092
B2 - B1 25 63 0.927 0.052 125 7875
B3 B5 50 48 0.494 0.012 174 8352
TBATG B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 174 31494
Tng vn u t cho ng dy: K
D
= 64063.10
3
Bng 2-11 Tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy ca phng n II

NG
CP
F L ro R STT P
(mm2) (m) (/km) ( ) (kVA) (kW)
TBATG - B2 25 50 0.927 0.052 1387,86 1,00
TBATG - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 2155,29 0,56
B2 - B1 25 63 0.927 0.052 1843,95 1,77
B3 B5 50 48 0.494 0.012 1947,94 0,46
TBATG B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 3076,66 1,14
D
= 4,93 kW
Tng tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy trong phng n II
A
D
= 4,93.3410,93 = 16815,88 (kWh)
2.3.2.3 Vn u t mua my ct in trong mng cao p ca phng n
II
Bng 2-12 Kt qu chn my ct phng n II
NG
CP
STT
( kVA )
S
MCH
Icb
(A)
LOI MY
CT
N GI
(USD)
THNH
TIN
(USD)
TBATG 8248,83 2 476,81 F200 17000 34000
MCLL - 1 - F200 17000 17000
TBATG - B2 3231,81 2 186,81 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B3 4103,23 2 237,18 F200 17000 34000
TBATG B4 3076,66 2 177,84 F200 17000 34000
MC
= 221000 USD = 4641.10
6
2.3.2.4 Chi ph vng i ca phng n II


-Vn u t:
V
2
= V
B
+ V
D
+ V
MC
= (2490,2+ 64,063+ 4641).10
6
= 7195,26.10
6

- Tng tn tht in nng trong cc TBA v ng dy:
A
2
= A
B
+ A
D
= 706041,83+ 16815,88 = 722857,71 kWh
- Chi ph vng i:
C
v
= V + C
A
= V+C
A0
.
T
T
(1+i) -1
i(1+i)
Trong : - V
2
= 7195,26.10
6

- C
A0
= A
2
.
A
vi
A
= 1000/kWh; A
2
= 722857,71 kWh
C
A0
= 722857,71.1000 = 722,86.10
6
- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

Vy: C
v2
= 7195,26.10
6
+ 722,86.10
6
.
30
30
(1+0,12) -1
0,12(1+0,12)
= 7195,26.10
6
+ 722,86.10
6
. 8,0552 = 13018,04.10
6
2.3.3 Phng n III

Phng n ny s dng trm PPTT nhn in t h thng v cp cho trm
bin p phn xng. Cc trm bin p B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 h t cp 35 kV
xung cung cp cho cc phn xng. Cc ng i dy cp l c lp vi nhau.
S phng n 3

Hnh 2.3 S phng n 3
2.3.3.1 Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng
trong cc MBA
Tnh ton tng t nh phng n 1, vi ch phng n ny khng dng
trm BATG, cc MBA c cp cao p nh mc l 35 kV, h p l 0,4 kV
Bng 2-13 Kt qu chn MBA trong cc TBA phng n III
Tn
TBA
Sdm
( kVA
)
U
C
/U
H
(kV)
P
O
(kW)
P
N
(kW)
U
N
(%)
I
O
(%)
S
lng
Gi
(10
6
)
Thnh
tin (10
6
)
B1 1000 35/0,4 5,1 15 6,5 5,5 2 141,6 283.2
B2 750 35/0,4 4,1 11,9 6,5 6,5 2 120,2 240.4
B3 1600 35/0,4 6,4 16 6,5 6,5 2 223,2 446,4
B4 1600 35/0,4 6,4 16 6,5 6,5 2 223,2 446,4
B5 1000 35/0,4 5,1 15 6,5 5,5 2 141,6 283.2
B
= 1699,6.10
6
Bng 2-14 Tn tht in nng trong cc TBAPP phng n III


TN TBA
S
MY S
TT
( kVA) S
M
(kVA)
P
O
(kW) P
N
(kW) A(kWh)
B1 2 1843,95 1000 5,1 15 176334,59
B2 2 1387,86 750 4,1 11,9 141911,79
B3 2 2155,29 1600 5,4 15 141015,38
B4 2 3076,66 1600 5,4 15 189173,93
B5 2 1947,94 1000 5,1 15 186422,04
B
= 692945,94 kWh
2.3.3.2 Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht in nng trong mng in
Bng 2-15 Kt qu chn tit din dy dn ca phng n III
NG
CP
F L ro R N GI
THNH
TIN
(mm
2
) (m) (/km) ( ) ( 10
3
/m) ( 10
3
/m)
PPTT - B1 25 113 0.927 0.052 125 14125
PPTT - B2 16 50 1.47 0.042 80 4000
PPTT - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 174 10092
PPTT - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 174 18444
PPTT - B5 25 106 0.977 0.055 125 22625
D
= 69286.10
3

Bng 2-16 Tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy ca phng n III
NG
CP
F L ro R S
TT
P
(mm
2
) (m) (/km) ( ) (kVA) (kW)
PPTT - B1 25 113 0.927 0.052 1843,95 1,770
PPTT - B2 16 50 1.47 0.266 1387,86 5,123
PPTT - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 2155,29 0,557
PPTT - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 3076,66 1,135

PPTT - B5 25 106 0.927 0.052 1947,94 1,973
D
= 10,522 kW
Tng tn tht in nng trn cc dng dy ca phng n III:
A
D
= 10,522.3410,93 = 35889,81 kWh
2.3.3.3 Vn u t mua my ct in trong mng cao p ca phng n
III
NG
CP
STT
S
MCH
Icb
LOI
MY
CT
N GI
THNH
TIN
( kVA ) (A) USD USD
TPPTT 8248,83 2 476,81 F200 17000 34000
MCLL - 1 - F200 17000 17000
TBATG - B1 1843,95 2 106.57 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B2 1387,86 2 80,22 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B3 2155,29 2 124,58 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B4 3076,66 2 177,84 F200 17000 34000
TBATG - B5 1947,94 2 122,59 F200 17000 34000
MC
= 221000 USD = 4641.10
6
Bng 2-17 Kt qu chn my ct phng n III

NG
CP
STT S
MCH
Icb
(A)
LOI
MY
CT
N GI
THNH
TIN
( kVA ) USD USD
TPPTT 8248,83 2 476,81 F200 17000 34000
MCLL - 1 - F200 17000 17000
PPTT - B1 1843,95 2 106.57 F200 17000 34000
PPTT - B2 1387,86 2 80,22 F200 17000 34000
PPTT - B3 2155,29 2 124,58 F200 17000 34000
PPTT - B4 3076,66 2 177,84 F200 17000 34000
PPTT - B5 1947,94 2 122,59 F200 17000 34000
Tng vn u t mua my ct V
MC
= 221000 USD = 4641.10
6
2.3.3.4 Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n III

- Vn u t:
V
3
= V
B
+ V
D
+V
MC
= 1699,6.10
6
+ 69,28.10
6
+ 4641.10
6

= 6409,88.10
6


- Tng tn tht in nng ca cc TBA v ng dy:
A
3
= A
B
+ A
D
= 692945,94 + 35889,81 = 728835,75 kWh
- Chi ph vng i:
C
v
= V + C
A
= V+C
A0
.
T
T
(1+i) -1
i(1+i)
Trong : - V
3
= 6409,88.10
6

- C
A0
= A
3
.
A
vi
A
= 1000/kWh; A
3
= 728835,75 kWh
C
A0
= 728835,75.1000 = 728,83.10
6
- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

Vy: C
v3
= 6409,88.10
6
+ 728,83.10
6
.
30
30
(1+0,12) -1
0,12(1+0,12)
= 6409,88.10
6
+ 728,83.10
6
. 8,0552 = 12280,75.10
6
2.3.4 Phng n IV
S phng n 4
Hnh 2.4 S phng n 4

Phng n ny s dng trm PPTT nhn in t h thng v cp cho cc
trm bin p phn xng. Cc TBA phn xng h t cp 35kV xung cp 0,4
kV cung cp cho ph ti ca cc phn xng.
Tnh ton tng t nh phng n 1 ta c:
2.3.4.1 Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng trong
cc trm bin p phn xng
Bng 2-18 Kt qu chn MBA trong cc TBA phng n IV
Tn
TBA
Sdm
( kVA
)
U
C
/U
H
(kV)
P
O
(kW)
P
N
(kW)
U
N
(%)
I
O
(%)
S
lng
Gi
(10
6
)
Thnh
tin (10
6
)
B1 1000 35/0,4 5,1 15 6,5 5,5 2 141,6 283.2
B2 750 35/0,4 4,1 11,9 6,5 6,5 2 120,2 240.4
B3 1600 35/0,4 6,4 16 6,5 6,5 2 223,2 446,4
B4 1600 35/0,4 6,4 16 6,5 6,5 2 223,2 446,4
B5 1000 35/0,4 5,1 15 6,5 5,5 2 141,6 283.2
B
= 1699,6.10
6

Bng 2-19 Tn tht in nng trong cc TBAPP phng n IV
TN TBA
S
MY S
TT
( kVA) S
M
(kVA)
P
O
(kW) P
N
(kW) A(kWh)
B1 2 1843,95 1000 5,1 15 176334,59
B2 2 1387,86 750 4,1 11,9 141911,79
B3 2 2155,29 1600 5,4 15 141015,38
B4 2 3076,66 1600 5,4 15 189173,93

B5 2 1947,94 1000 5,1 15 186422,04
B
= 692945,94 kWh
2.3.4.2 Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht in nng trong mng in

Bng 2-20 Kt qu chn cp cao p phng n IV
NG
CP
F L ro R
N
GI
THNH
TIN
(mm2) (m) (/km) () (10
3
/m) ( 10
3
/m)
TPPTT - B2 25 50 0.927 0.052 125 6250
TPPTT - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 174 10092
B2 - B1 25 63 0.927 0.052 125 7875
B3 - B5 50 48 0.494 0.012 174 8352
TPPTT - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 174 31494
D
= 64063.10
3

Bng 2-21 Tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy ca phng n IV
NG
CP
F L ro R STT P
(mm2) (m) (/km) ( ) (kVA) (kW)
TPPTT - B2 25 50 0.927 0.052 1387,86 1,00
TPPTT - B3 50 58 0.494 0.012 2155,29 0,56
B2 - B1 25 63 0.927 0.052 1843,95 1,77
B3 - B5 50 48 0.494 0.012 1947,94 0,46
TPPTT - B4 50 181 0.494 0.012 3076,66 1,14
D
= 4,93 kW
Xc nh tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy
A
D
= 4,93.3410,93 = 16815,88 kWh

2.3.4.3 Vn u t mua my ct in trong mng cao p ca phng n IV

Bng 2-22 Kt qu chn my ct phng n IV
NG
CP
STT
( kVA )
S
MCH
Icb
(A)
LOI MY
CT
N GI
(USD)
THNH
TIN
(USD)
TPPTT 8248,83 2 476,81 F400 26000 52000
MCLL - 1 - F400 26000 26000
TPPTT - B2 3231,81 2 186,81 F400 26000 52000
TPPTT - B3 4103,23 2 237,18 F400 26000 52000
TPPTT - B4 3076,66 2 177,84 F400 26000 52000
MC
= 234000 USD = 4680.10
6
2.3.4.4 Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n IV

- Vn u t :
V
4
= V
B
+ V
D
+ V
MC
= 1699,6.10
6

+ 64,06.10
6

+ 4680.10
6

= 6443,66.10
6

- Tng tn tht in nng trong cc TBA v ng dy:
A
4
= A
B
+ A
D
= 692945,94 + 16815,88 = 709761.82 kWh
- Chi ph vng i:
C
v
= V + C
A
= V+C
A0
.
T
T
(1+i) -1
i(1+i)
Trong : - V
4
= 6443,66.10
6

- C
A0
= A
4
.
A
vi
A
= 1000/kWh; A
4
= 709761.82 kWh
C
A0
= 709761.82.1000 = 709,76.10
6
- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

Vy: C
v4
= 6443,66.10
6
+ 709,76.10
6
.
30
30
(1+0,12) -1
0,12(1+0,12)
= 6443,66.10
6
+ 709,76.10
6
. 8,0552 = 12160,91.10
6

Bng 2-23 Tng hp ch tiu kinh t k thut ca cc phng n
PHNG N
VN U T
( 10
6
)
TN THT IN
NNG ( kWh )
CHI PH VNG I
( 10
6
)
Phng n I 7200,49 741931,64 13176,88
Phng n II 7195,26 722857,71 13018,04
Phng n III 6409,88 728835,75 12280,75
Phng n IV 6443,66 709761,82 12160,91
Nhn xt :
T kt qu tnh ton ta thy phng n IV l phng n ti u v c vn u
t v chi ph vng i nh nht, mt khc tn tht in nng cng rt nh. V
th ta s dng phng n IV lm phng n thit k mng cao p cho nh
my.
2.4 Thit k chi tit cho phng n chn

Hnh 2.5 S chi tit cho phng n 4 chn

n tt nghip Thit k cung cp in
2.4.1 Chn dy dn t trm bin p trung tm ca khu cng nghip v trm
phn phi trung tm
ng dy dn t trm bin p trung tm ca khu cng ngip v trm phn
phi trung tm c chiu di 5 km, ta chn dy 2AC-70 theo tnh ton chng
trc.
2.4.2 Chn cp cao p v h p ca nh my
Cp t trm bin p B5 ti phn xng 5:
I
max
=
) ( 91 , 2664
38 , 0 . 3
99 , 1753
38 , 0 . 3
A
S
ttpx

Ch c 1 cp i trong rnh nn k
2
= 1. iu kin chn cp: I
cp
I
max
Tra PL4.28 TL1 chn cp ng h p 1 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch
to tit din 3*(1-500) mm
2
vi I
cp
= 946 A.
Tng t cho cc tuyn cp h p v cao p khc ta c bng kt qu chn cp:
Bng 2-24 Tng hp kt qu chn cp cho nh my
NG CP F (mm
2
) L (m) I
cp
, A
PPTT - B2 50 50 200
PPTT - B3 50 58 200
B2 - B1 50 63 200
B3 - B5 50 48 200
PPTT - B5 50 181 200
B1 - 8 3*95+50 90 298
B5 - 5 3*(1-500) 23 946
B4 - 9 3*50+35 61 192
B4 - 7 3*(1-150) 34 441
2.4.3 Tnh ton ngn mch v la chn cc thit b in
SV: Man c Thng Lp in k thut K16 51
Mc ch ca tnh ton ngn mch l kim tra iu kin n nh ng v n
nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn c chn khi c ngn mch trong h thng.
Dng in ngn mch tnh ton chn kh c in l dng ngn mch 3 pha.
la chn, kim tra dy dn v cc kh c in ta cn tnh ton 6 im ngn
mch:
N- ngn mch trn thanh ci trm phn phi trung tm kim tra my ct v
thanh ci.
N
1
,N
2
, N
5
Cc im ngn mch pha cao p ca cc trm bin p phn
xng kim tra cp v thit b cao p ca cc trm.
in khng ca h thng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
tb
HT
N
U
X =
S
()
Trong :
S
N
cng sut ngn mch v pha h p ca trm bin p khu vc, S
N
= 400 MVA.
U
tb
- in p trung bnh ca phn li lm vic cha thanh ci.
U
tb
= 1,05 U
dm
in tr v in khng ca ng dy:
R=
0
1
.r l ()
n
X=
0
1
.x l ()
n
Trong :
r
0
, x
0
- in tr v in khng trn 1 km dy dn ( /km)
l - chiu di ng dy (km)
Do ngn mch xa ngun nn dng ngn mch siu qu I bng dng in
ngn mch n nh I, nn ta c th vit:
" tb
N
N
U
I = I = I =
3.Z
Trong :
Z
N
- tng tr t h thng in n im ngn mch th i ()
Tr s dng in xung kch c tnh theo cng thc sau:
i
xk
= 1,8. 2 .I
N
( kA).
S tnh ton ngn mch
MC
DDK
PPTT BAPX
N
N2
N2
CP
CP
BATG
N
N3
N2
XH ZD
ZC
ZC
N3
N3
N3
ZB
ZB
Hnh 2.6 S tnh ton ngn mch
Bng 2-25 Thng s ca ng dy trn khng v cp
NG DY
S
MCH
F(mm
2
) l(km) r
0
(/km)x
0
(/km) R() X()
TBATTKCN- 2 AC-70 6.03 0.46 0.382 1.3869 1.15173
TPPTT
TPPTT - B2 2 3*50 0.0500 0.494 0.13 0.0124 0.00325
TPPTT - B3 2 3*50 0.0580 0.494 0.13 0.0143 0.00377
B2 - B1 2 3*50 0.0630 0.494 0.13 0.0156 0.0041
B3 - B5 2 3*50 0.0483 0.494 0.13 0.0119 0.00314
TPPTT - B4 2 3*50 0.1810 0.494 0.13 0.0894 0.02353
* Tnh dng in ngn mch ti im N trn thanh ci ca trm phn phi
trung tm.
2 2
tb
HT
N
U 36.75
X = 3, 376( )
S 400

DDK HT
X = X + X 1.15173+3,376=4,5281 ( )
DDK
R = R = 1,3869 ()
tb
N
2 2
N
U 36.75
I = 4, 48( )
3.Z
3. (1, 3869 4, 5281 )
kA
+
XK N
i = 1,8. 2.I = 1,8. 2.4,48 = 11,405 (kA)
Tnh ngn mch ti im N1 trn thanh gp pha cao p ca trm bin p phn
xng B2:

N1 DDK C1
R = R + R = 1,3869 +0,0124=1,3993()
N1 DDK HT C1
X = X + X X 1.15173+3,376+0,0033=4,5314 ( ) +
tb
N1-2
2 2
N2-2
U 36, 75
I = 4, 474( )
3.Z
3. (1, 3993 4, 5314 )
kA
+
xk N1-2 N
i = 1,8. 2.I = 1,8. 2.4,474 = 11,389(kA)
Cc im ngn mch khc c tnh ton tng t, kt qu ghi trong bng
Bng 2-26 Kt qu tnh dng in ngn mch
IM NGN V TR I
N
, kA i
XK
, kA
MCH
N Thanh ci PPTT 4.480 11.405
N1-1 Thanh ci B1 4.466 11.368
N1-2 Thanh ci B2 4.474 11.389
N1-3 Thanh ci B3 4.473 11.386
N1-4 Thanh ci B4 4.467 11.371
N1-5 Thanh ci B5 4.434 11.287
Tnh ngn mch ti N2 trn thanh ci pha h p trm bin p phn xng B2:
in tr v in khng ca my bin p c tnh theo cng thc
) ( 4 , 3
750
4 , 0 . 9 , 11 .
2
2
2
2

m
S
U P
R
dm
dm N
B
) ( 86 , 13
750 . 100
4 , 0 . 5 , 6
. 100
%.
2 2
m
S
U U
X
dm
dm n
B
Tnh tng t i vi cc trm bin p khc ta c kt qu
Bng 2-27 in tr v in khng ca cc my bin p phn xng
My bin p S
m
,kVAPo,kW P
N
,kW U
N
,% R,m X,m
B1 1000 5,1 15 6.5 2,4 10,04
B2 750 4,1 11,9 6.5 3,4 13,86
B3 1600 5,4 15 6,5 0,94 6.5
B4 1600 5,4 15 6,5 0,94 6,5
B5 1000 5,1 15 6,5 2,4 10,04
in tr v in khng ca cc phn t cp 35kV quy i v cp 0,4 kV:
2
2
tb0,4 qd 35kV 35kV
2
tb35
U
0,4
R R . R .
U 36,75
_

,
2
2
tb0,4 qd 35kV 35kV
2
tb35
U
0,4
X X . X .
U 36,75
_

,
Kt qu quy i cc thng s cp 35 kV sang cp 0,4 kV
Bng 2-28 Quy i cc thng s cp 35 kV sang cp 0,4 kV
TT
Cp 35 kV Cp 0,4 kV
R, X, R, m X, m
HT 3.376 0.4
TBATTKCN- TPPTT 1.3869 1.1517 0.1643 0.1364
TPPTT - B2 0.0124 0.0033 0.0015 0.0004
TPPTT - B3 0.0143 0.0038 0.0017 0.0004
B2 - B1 0.0156 0.0041 0.0018 0.0005
B3 - B5 0.0119 0.0031 0.0014 0.0004
TPPTT - B4 0.0894 0.0235 0.0106 0.0028
Dng in ngn mch ti im N2-2
X
N2
= X
DDK
+ X
HT
+X
C1
+ X
B2
= 0,1364 + 0,4 + 0,0004 + 13,86 = 13,99 (m)
R
N2
= R
DDK
+ R
C1
+ R
B2
= 0,1643 + 0,0015 + 3,4 = 3,57 (m)
) ( 99 , 15
) 57 , 3 99 , 13 ( . 10 . 3
4 , 0
. 3
2 2 3
2 2
2 2
kA
Z
U
I
N
tb
N

+

) ( 70 , 40 99 , 15 . 2 . 8 , 1 . 2 . 8 , 1
2 2 2 2
kA I i
N xkN

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im khc ta c kt qu:
Bng 2-29 Kt qu tnh ngn mch pha h p ca cc trm bin p phn xng.
im R, m X, m I
N
, kA i
xk
, kA
N2-1 2,4 10,04 21,21 54
N2-2 3,4 13,86 15,99 40,70
N2-3 0,94 6.5 32,40 83,48
N2-4 0,94 6,5 32,40 83,48
N2-5 2,4 10,04 21,21 54
2.4.4 La chn v kim tra cc thit b in
2.4.4.1 Trm phn phi trung tm
Trm phn phi trung tm l ni trc tip nhn in t h thng v cung cp
in cho nh my, do vic la chn s ni dy ca trm c nh hng ln
v trc tip n vn an ton cung cp in cho nh my. S cn phi tha
mn cc iu kin c bn sau:
m bo iu kin cung cp in lin tc theo yu cu ph ti, phi r rng v
thun tin trong vn hnh, s l s c, an ton lc vn hnh v sa cha, hp l v
mt kinh t trn c s m bo cc yu cu k thut.
* La chn v kim tra my ct, thanh dn ca trm PPTT
Cc my ct t ti trm PPTT gm c 2 my ct ng dy trn khng v mt
my ct phn on, cc my ct ng dy t u cc ng cp ni vo thanh
ci. Tt c cc my ct ny u c chn l my ct F400 ca hng Schneider
(Php).
Cc iu kin chn my ct:
in p nh mc : U
dmMC
U
dmm
Dng in nh mc: I
dmMC
I
cb
= 2.I
lvmax

Dng in ct nh mc : I
dmct
I
N
Dng in n nh ng cho php: i
dm d
i
xk
Bng 2-30 Thng s ca my ct c chn
Loi
U
m
(kV)
I
m
(A)
I
ctm
(kA)
I
n
/t
n
(kA/s)
I

(kA)
F400 36 1250 25 25/1 40
Nh vy cc iu kin chn my ct u tha mn.
* Chn thanh dn ca trm phn phi trung tm
Chn thanh dn ng - nhm tit din hnh mng c sn, c cc thng s:
Bng 2-31 Kch thc thanh dn
Kch thc,mm
Tit din
mt
cc
mm
2
Mmen tr khng cm
3
Mmen qun tnh cm
4
Dng in cho
php lu di c
hai thanh, A
h b c r Mt thanh Hai thanh Mt thanh Hai thanh ng Nhm
75 35 5,5 6 695 14,1 3,17 30,1 53,1 7,6 113 3250 2670

Thanh dn chn vt cp nn khng cn kim tra iu kin n nh ng.
* La chn v kim tra BU
My bin p o lng (my bin in p) c chc nng bin i in p s cp
bt k xung 100V hoc 100/ 3 cp ngun p cho mch o lng, iu khin v
bo v.
Cc BU thng u theo s V/V; Y/Y. Ngoi ra cn c loi BU 3 pha 5 tr
Y
0
/Y
0
/
, ngoi chc nng thng thng cun tam gic h c nhim v bo chm
t 1 pha. BU ny thng dng cho mng trung tnh cch in (10 kV, 35 kV).
BU c chn theo iu kin :
in p nh mc : U
dmBU
U
dm m
= 35 kV
Bng 2-32 Thng s k thut ca BU loi 4MS36
Hnh
tr
Thng s k thut
U
dm
kV 36
U chu ng tn s cng nghip 1' ,kV 70
U chu ng xung 1,2/50 s , kV 170
U
1dm
, kV 35/ 3
U
2 dm
,V 120/ 3
Ti nh mc , VA 400
Trng lng , kG 55
* La chn v kim tra my bin dng in BI
My bin dng in BI c chc nng bin i dng in s cp xung 5A (1A
hoc 10A) nhm cp ngun dng cho o lng t ng ha v bo v rle.
BI c chn theo iu kin sau:
in p nh mc : U
dm BI
U
dmm
= 35 kV
Dng in s cp nh mc : I
dmBI

) ( 38 , 113
35 . 3 . 2 , 1
83 . 8248
2 , 1
max
kA
I
cb

Chn BI loi 4ME16 kiu hnh tr do hng Siemens ch to
Bng 2-33 Thng s k thut ca BI loi 4ME16
Thng s k thut 4ME16
U
dm
, kV 36
U Chu ng tn s cng nghip 1', kV 70
U Chu ng xung 1,2/50s kV 170
I
1 dm
, kA 5-1200
I
2 dm
, A 1 hoc 5
I
nhit1s
, kA 80
I
ng
, kA 120
* La chn chng st van
Chng st van l thit b in tr phi tuyn c nhim v chng st truyn t
ng dy khng cho truyn vo trm phn phi v trm bin p. Vi in p
nh mc ca li in, in tr chng st c tr s rt ln khng cho dng in i
qua, khi c qu in p kh quyn, in tr ca chng st van gim xung rt b
tho dng in st xung t.
Chng st van c chn theo cp in p U
dmm
= 35 kV.
Chn loi chng st van do hng COOPER ch to c U
dm
= 36 kV, loi gi
ngang AZLP501B36.
2.4.4.2 Trm bin p phn xng
Cc trm bin p phn xng u t cc my bin p do cng ty thit b in
ng Anh ch to theo n t hng. V cc trm bin p phn xng t khng
xa TPPTT, nn pha cao p ch cn t cu dao v cu ch. Cu dao dng cch
ly my bin p khi sa cha. Cu ch dng bo v ngn mch v qu ti cho
my bin p. Pha h p t ptmt tng v cc ptmt nhnh, thanh ci h p
c phn on bng ptmt phn on hn ch dng ngn mch v pha h
p ca trm ta chn phng thc cc my bin p lm vic c lp.
S trm 1 my bin p
Hnh 2.7 S trm mt bin p
S trm 2 my bin p
Hnh 2.8 S trm hai bin p
* La chn v kim tra dao cch ly cao p
Cu dao hay cn gi l dao cch ly c nhim v ch yu l cch ly phn mang
in v phn khng mang in, to khong cch an ton trng thy, phc v cho
cng tc sa cha, kim tra, bo dng li in. Dao cch ly cng c th ng
ct dng khng ti ca my bin p. Cu dao c ch to mi cp in p.
Ta dng chung mt loi dao cch ly cho tt c cc trm bin p d dng cho
vic mua sm lp t v thay th. Dao cch ly c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc: U
dmCL
U
dm m
= 35kV
Dng in nh mc : I
dmCL
I
cbmax
= 39.65 A
Dng in n nh ng cho php: i
dmd
i
xk
= 11,389 kA
Chn loi 3DC do hng Siemens ch to
Bng 2-34 Thng s k thut ca dao cch ly 3DC
U
M
, kV I
M
, A I
Nt
, kA I
Nmax
, kA
36 630-2500 20-31,5 50-80
* La chn v kim tra cu ch cao p
Cu ch l thit b bo v qu ti v ngn mch. Cu ch c nhiu kiu, c
ch to nhiu cp in p khc nhau. cp in p cao p v trung p thng
dng loi cu ch ng.
iu kin chn cu ch:
in p nh mc: U
dmcc
U
dmm
= 35 kV
Dng in nh mc: I
dmcc
I
cb
=
dmBA
dm
1,4.S
3.U
Dng in ct nh mc: I
dmct
I
N
(3)
Chn cu ch ng cao p do Siemens ch to.
Bng 2-35 Kt qu chn cu ch cao p
TRM I
cb
, A I
N
(3)
, kA
LOI CU
CH
U
M
, kV I
M
, A I
CTNMIN
, A I
CTN
, kA
B1 23.09 21,21 3GD1 606-5B 36 25 230 31,5
B2 17,32 15,99 3GD1 606-5B 36 25 230 31,5
B3 36,95 32,40 3GD1 608-5D 36 40 315 31,5
B4 36,95 32,40 3GD1 608-5D 36 40 315 31,5
B5 23.09 21,21 3GD1 606-5B 36 25 230 31,5
* La chn v kim tra ptmt
ptmt l thit b ng ct h p, c chc nng bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
Do c u im hn hn cu ch l kh nng lm vic chc chn, tin cy, an ton,
ng ct ng thi 3 pha v kh nng t ng ha cao, nn ptmt d t tin
vn c s dng rng ri trong li in h p cng nghip cng nh li in
sinh hot.
ptmt tng, ptmt nhnh v ptmt phn on u chn dng cc
ptmt ca hng Merlin Gerin ch to.
ptmt c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
- i vi ptmt tng v ptmt phn on
in p nh mc : U
dmA
U
dmm
= 0.38 kV
Dng in nh mc : I
dmA
I
cb
=
dmBA
dm
1,4.S
3.U
Bng 2-36 Kt qu chn ptmt tng v ptmt phn on
TRM I
cb
, A Loi
S
lng
U
dm
, V I
dm
, A I
ctN
, kV S cc
B1 2127.08 M25 3 690 2500 75 3--4
B2 1595,31 M25 3 690 2500 75 3--4
B3 3403,32 M40 3 690 4000 75 3--4
B4 3403,32 M40 3 690 4000 75 3--4
B5 2127.08 M25 3 690 2500 75 3--4
- i vi ptmt nhnh
in p nh mc: U
dmA
U
dmm
= 0,38 kV
Dng in nh mc: I
dmA
I
tt
=
ttpx
dmm
S
n. 3.U
Trong : n - s ptmt nhnh a in v phn xng.
Bng 2-37 Kt qu chn ptmt nhnh
Tn phn xng S
TT
, kVA I
TT
, A Loi SL U
dm
, V I
dm
, A I
ctN
, kA
PX c kh
1843,95 1400,79 M25 2 690 2500 55
PX luyn kim mu
1366,86 1038,36 M12 2 690 1250 40
PX luyn kim en
2147,85 1631,66 M25 2 690 2500 55
PX sa cha c kh
193,95 147,34 M08 2 690 800 40
PX rn
1753,99 1332,46 M25 2 690 2500 55
PX nhit luyn
2333,94 1773,03 M25 2 690 2500 55
B phn kh nn
816,03 619,91 M08 2 690 800 40
Ban qun l v phng thit k
110,62 84,03 M08 1 690 800 40
Kho vt liu
26,69 20,28 M08 1 690 800 40
* La chn thanh gp
Thanh gp gp l ni nhn in nng t ngun cung cp n v phn phi in
nng cho cc ph ti tiu th. Thanh gp l phn t c bn ca thit b phn phi.
Ty theo dng ph ti m thanh gp c cu to khc nhau.Cc thanh gp c
chn theo iu kin pht nng cho php. Dng in cng bc tnh vi trm bin
p c cng sut ln nht l trm B
4
c S
tt
= 3076,66kVA.
k
1
.k
2
.I
cp

A
U
S
dm
tt
50 , 4674
38 , 0 . 3
66 , 3076
. 3

Ta chn thanh dn ng tit din hnh ch nht c kch thc 120x10 mm
2
mi
pha ghp 3 thanh c dng in cho php I
cp
= 5200 A
k
1
= 1 Vi thanh gp t ng
k
2
= 1 (h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng)
I
cp
= 5200 > I
cb
= 4674,50 A
* Kim tra cp chn
Ta ch cn kim tra vi tuyn cp c dng ngn mch ln nht I
N2
= 4,474 kA
Kim tra cp chn theo iu kin n nh nhit:
F .I
.
qd
t
Trong :
- h s nhit , cp li ng = 6
- dng in ngn mch n nh.
t
qd
- thi gian quy i c xc nh nh tng thi gian tc ng ca
bo v chnh t ti my ct in gn im s c vi thi gian tc ng ton
phn ca my ct in, t
qd
= f(, t).
t - thi gian tn ti ngn mch (thi gian ct ngn mch), ly t = 0,5 s
=
"
I
I
, ngn mch xa ngun (I = I
) nn = 1
Tra th trang 109 TLIV tm c t
qd
= 0,4
Tit din n nh ca cp: F .I
.
qd
t
= 6.4,474. 0, 4 = 17 mm
2
Vy cp chn c tit din 50 mm
2
l hp l.
CHNG III
THIT K MNG IN H P
CA PHN XNG SA CHA C KH
3.1. nh gi v ph ti ca phn xng sa cha c kh
Tng cng sut nh mc (P
m
) ca cc thit b dng in trong PXSCCK l
121,67 kW trong cng sut l ca cc thit b in l cc my ct gt nh tin,
phay ,bo, mi...,chim ch yu. Yu cu v cung cp in khng cao lm, in p
yu cu khng c g c bit m ch l in p 0,38 kV. Cn li l cng sut ca
my khoan v my phay ,cc my ny cng khng c yu cu c bit g v
cung cp in. Nh vy qua phn tch trn ta nh gi ph ti phn xng sa
cha c kh l h loi III.
Phn xng SCCK c din tch l 363,25m
2
gm 43 thit b chia lm 5
nhm. Cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng l 193,95 kVA trong 5,12 kW s
dng chiu sng. Trong t phn phi t 1 ptmt tng v 6 ptmat nhnh
cp in cho 5 t ng lc v 1 t chiu sng
3.2. La chn s cung cp in cho phn xng sa cha c kh
3.2.1 Gii thiu cc kiu s
S cung cp in cho mng ng lc ca phn xng sa cha c kh c
hai dng c bn l mng hnh tia v phn nhnh trong li c chia lm nhiu
kiu khc nhau, c th nh sau:

2

1
1
Kiu 1 Kiu 2
Kiu 3
Kiu 4
Kiu 5
Kiu 6
Hnh 3.1 Cc kiu s
1- Thanh ci t phn phi
2- Thanh ci t ng lc hay ng c
3- Thanh ci
4- ng trc
1 4 1

2 2
1 1
2 3

3.2.2 Phn tch v chn s thch hp
* Phn tch cc kiu s :
- Kiu 1: L kiu hnh tia hon ton cung cp in cho cc ph ti phn
tn trn din rng, in c ly t thanh ci ca t phn phi n trc tip cc t
ng lc. Kiu s ny c tin cy cao song chi ph tn km hn.
- Kiu 2: l kiu hnh tia hon ton cung cp in cho cc ph ti tp trung
v ng c c cng sut ln. in c ly t thanh ci t phn phi n thng
ng c hoc cc ph ti ln tp trung, tin cy ca kiu s ny cao.
- Kiu 3: l kiu phn nhnh hon ton dng cung cp in cho cc ph
ti khng quan trng, chi ph r hn dng hnh tia nhng tin cy thp.
- Kiu 4: l kiu thanh ci phn nhnh, kiu ny th cc thanh ci c b
tr chy dc theo phn xng v t cc thanh ci s c dy dn n cc t ng
lc hoc cc ph ti tp trung khc, s ny thch hp cho cc phn xng c
cc thit b cng sut ln v phn b u trn din rng.
- Kiu 5: l kiu thanh ci phn nhnh bng ng trc, kiu ny dng
cung cp in cho cc ph ti ri u theo chiu di.
- Kiu 6: l kiu hnh tia c phn nhnh cung cp in cho cc ph ti
ln, nh quan trng v khng quan trng tin cy ca kiu s ny tng i
cao ph hp cho cc phn xng c nhiu loi ph ti.
* Chn s :
Qua phn tch trn v cn c vo s b tr cc thit b in ca phn
xng sa cha c kh trn mt bng ta chn kiu s s 6 l kiu s hn
hp hnh tia v phn nhnh cung cp in cho phn xng sa cha c kh.
3.2.3. Chn v tr t ng lc v phn phi
Nguyn tc chung: V tr ca t ng lc v phn phi c xc nh theo
cc nguyn tc nh sau:
+ Gn tm ph ti
+ Khng nh hng n giao thng i li
+ Thun tin cho vic lp t v vn hnh
+ Thng gi thong mt v khng c cht n mn v chy chp
3.2.4. S i dy trn mt bng v phng thc lp t cc ng cp
- Dn in t trm bin p B3 v phn xng dng loi cp ngm t trong
rnh
- Dn in t t phn phi ca phn xng n cc t ng lc v n cc
thit b s dng in c dng bng cp i trong hm cp v cc ng thp chn
di mt sn nh xng.
3.3. Chn t phn phi
3.3.1. Nguyn tc chung
- m bo iu kin lm vic di hn:
U
mA
U
mng
= 380V
I
mA
I
lvmax
(ca nhm hay phn xng)
Trong : U
mA
l in p nh mc ca ptmt
I
mA
l dng in nh mc ca ptmat tng
- s l ra v vo ph hp vi s i dy:
I
mra
I
tt
- Thit b bo v ph hp vi s ni dy v yu cu ca ph ti
- Kiu loi t ph hp vi phng thc lp t, vn hnh, a hnh v kh
hu
3.3.2. Chn t phn phi
- Phn xng sa cha c kh c:
+ 5 Nhm my v h thng chiu sng; (kt qu bng phn nhm chng
I)
+ I
lvmax
= I
ttpx
=
A
U
S
dm
ttpx
67 , 294
38 , 0 . 3
95 , 193
. 3

Vy ta chn loi t t trn sn nh xng c 1 u vo v 6 u ra
U
mt
= 690V
I
mt
= 400 A
* Chn ptmt tng
+ Chn ptmt t ti pha thanh gp trm bin p B5 v ptmt tng ca
t phn phi ta chn cng 1 loi. Chn ptmt loi M08 c dng in cho php l
I
cp
= 800A
* Chn ATM nhnh
Tnh ton tng t nh chn ptmt chng II ta c bng kt qu chn ptmt
nhnh nh sau:
Bng 3-1 Kt qu chn ptmt nhnh
TUYN CP
S
TT
,
kVA
I
TT
, A LOI I
M
, A U
M
, V I
CT
, kA
S
CC
ptmt tng 193,95 294,67 M08 800 690 40 4
TPP - TL1 81,6 123,97 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL2 32,23 48,96 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL3 25,42 38,62 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL4 30,63 46,54 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL5 45,95 69,81 NC125H 125 415 10 3
* Chn cp t t phn phi ti cc t ng lc:
Cc ng cp t t phn phi ti cc t ng lc c i trong rnh cp
nm dc theo tng pha trong v bn cnh li i li ca phn xng. Cp c
chn theo iu kin pht nng v iu kin n nh nhit khi c ngn mch. Do
chiu di cp khng ln nn ta khng cn kim tra li theo iu kin tn tht in
p cho php.
iu kin chn cp: k
hc
.I
cp
I
tt
Trong :
I
tt
dng in tnh ton ca nhm ph ti.
I
cp
dng in pht nng cho php tng ng vi tng loi dy, tng loi
tit din.
iu kin kim tra phi hp vi thit b bo v ca cp, khi bo v bng
ptmt:
I
cp

kdnh dmA
I 1,25.I
=
1,5 1,5
Vi cp chn ring tng tyn di t nn k
hc
= 1.
Chn cp t TPP ti TL1:
k
hc
.I
cp
= I
cp
I
tt
= 123,97A
k
hc
.I
cp
= I
cp

kdnh
I 1,25.125
= = 104,17 A
1,5 1,5
Kt hp hai iu kin trn li, ta chn cp ng bn li tit din 35mm2
cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to c Icp = 174 A.
Cc tuyn cp khc chn tng t. Ta c kt qu tnh ton cho trong bng
sau
Bng 3-2 Kt qu chn cp t TPP ti cc TL
TUYN CP S
TT
, kVA I
TT
, A
kdnh
I
1,5
LOI I
CP
, A
B5-TPP 193,95 294,67 - 3*120+50 343
TPP - TL1 81,6 123,97 104,17 4G35 174
TPP - TL2 32,23 48,96 104,17 4G35 174
TPP - TL3 25,42 38,62 104,17 4G35 174
TPP - TL4 30,63 46,54 104,17 4G35 174
TPP - TL5 45,95 69,81 104,17 4G35 174
3.4 Tnh ton ngn mch pha h p ca phn xng sa cha c kh kim
tra cp v ptmt
Khi tnh ton ngn mch pha h p ta xem MBA B5 l ngun (c ni vi
h thng v cng ln). V vy in p trn thanh ci cao p ca trm c coi l
khng thay i khi ngn mch ta c I
N
=I=I
. Gi thit ny s lm gi tr dng
ngn mch tnh ton c s ln hn thc t rt nhiu bi rt kh gi c in
p trn thanh ci cao p ca TBAPP khng thay i khi xy ra ngn mch sau
MBA. Song nu c dng ngn mch tnh ton ny m cc thit b chn tho
mn iu kin n nh ng v n nh nhit th chng c th hon ton lm vic
trong iu kin thc t. gim nh vic tnh ton y ta kim tra vi tuyn cp
kh nng sy ra s c nng n nht. Khi cn thit c th kim tra thm cc tuyn
cp cn nghi vn, vic tnh ton cng lm tng t.
S nguyn l
* Cc thng s ca s thay th
- in tr v in khng ca MBA.
S
mB
= 1000kVA
P
N
= 15kW
U
N
%= 6,5
R
B
=2,4 m
X
B
= 10,04 m
- Thanh gp MBA Phn xng-TG1
- Kch thc (120x10) mm
2
mi pha ghp 3 thanh c chiu di l = 1,2 m
- Khong cch trung bnh D =300mm
- Tra ph lc ta tm c
r
0
= 0,02 m/m
TG1 0
1 1
R = .r .l = .0,02.1,2 = 0,008 m
3 3
x
0
= 0,157 m /m
TG1 0
1 1
X = .x .l = .0,157.1,2 = 0,063 m
3 3
- Thanh gp trong t phn phi TG2
Chn theo iu kin:
K
hc
.I
cp
I
ttpx
= 294,67A (ly K
hc
=1)
Chn thanh ci bng ng c kch thc: (25x3) mm
2
Vi I
cp
= 340 A; chiu di l = 1,2m
Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc D=300mm
Tra bng tm c
r
0
= 0, 268 m /m R
TG2
= r
0
.l = 0,268.1,2 = 0,3216 m
x
0
= 0,244m /m X
TG2
= x
0
.l = 0,244.1,2 = 0,2928 m
- in tr v in khng ca ptmt:
ptmt trm bin p phn xng B
5
loi M25 ( A1):
X
A1
= 0,065 m
R
A1
= 0,1 m
ptmt tng ca t phn phi loi M08 (A2):
X
A2
= 0,09 m
R
A2
= 0,11 m
ptmt ca t ng lc loi NC125H (A3):
X
A3
= 0,6 m
R
A3
= 1m
- in tr v in khng ca cp:
Cp 1:3x120+50: Di 40 m
r
0
= 0,378 m /m; vy R
C1
= 0,378.40 = 15,12 m
x
0
= 0,15 m /m; vy X
C1
= 0,15.40 = 6 m
Cp 2: Loi 4G35: Di 10m
r
0
= 0,524 m /m; vy R
C1
= 0,524.10 = 5,24 m
x
0
= 0,1m /m; vy X
C1
= 0,1.10 = 1 m
* Tnh ton ngn mch v kim tra cc thit b chn
- Tnh ton ngn mch ti N1
R
1
= R
B
+R
A1
+R
TG1
+2R
A2
+R
C1
= 2,79 + 0,1 + 0,008+2.0,11+15,12 = 18,24 m
X
1
= X
B
+X
A1
+X
TG1
+2X
A2
+X
C1
= 14,29 +0,065+0,063+2.0,09+6 = 20,6 m
1
2 2
1
400
8, 39
3.
3. 18, 24 20, 6
dm
N
U
I kA
Z

+
1
. 2.
xk xk N
i k I
Vi li h p nn ta chn k
xk
= 1,3
1
1, 3. 2.8, 39 15, 42
xkN
i kA
Kim tra ptmt M25 v M08 c dng ngn mch I
N
= 40kA I
N1
= 8,39
kA
Vy ptmt ta chn tho mn iu kin n nh ng
Kim tra cp tit din 3x120+50 mm
2
:
Tit din n nh nhit ca cp: F .I
.
qd
t
= 6.8,39. 0, 4 = 31,84mm
2
Vy cp chn l hp l.
- Tnh im ngn mch ti N2
2 1 A3 C2 TG2
R =R +2R +R +R
= 18,24 + 2.1+5,24 + 0,3216 = 25,8m
2 1 A3 C2 TG2
X =X +2.X +X +X
= 20,6 + 2.0,6 +1+ 0,2928 = 23,09 m
2
2 2
2
400
6, 67
3.
3. 25, 8 23, 09
dm
N
U
I kA
Z

+
2 2
2. . 2.1, 3.6, 67 12, 26
xkN xk N
i k I kA
Kim tra ptmt loi NC125H c I
ct
=10kA I
N2
= 6,67 kA
Vy cc ptmt ta chn tho mn iu kin n nh ng
Kim tra cp chn
Tit din n nh nhit ca cp
2
2
. . 6.6, 67. 0, 4 25, 31
qd
F I t mm

Vy cp ta chn 4G35 mm
2
l hp l.
S nguyn l t phn phi
M08
0,4kV
NC125H

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 CS
3.5 Chn cc thit b trong t ng lc v dy dn n cc thit b phn
xng
3.5.1. Chn ptmt tng
Cc ptmt tng ca cc t ng lc c thng s tng t nh cc ptmt nhnh
tng ng trong cc t phn phi. Kt qu la chn ghi trong bng sau
Bng 3-3 Cc thng s ptmt ca t ng lc
TUYN
CP
S
TT
,
kVA
I
TT
, A LOI I
M
, A U
M
, V I
CT
, kA
S
CC
TPP - TL1 81,6 123,97 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL2 32,23 48,96 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL3 25,42 38,62 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL4 30,63 46,54 NC125H 125 415 10 3
TPP - TL5 45,95 69,81 NC125H 125 415 10 3
3.5.2. Chn ptmt n cc thit b v nhm thit b trong t ng lc
iu kin chn:
U
dmA
U
dmm
= 0,38 kV
I
dmA
I
tt
+ ptmt bo v my tin ren nhm I: P
m
= 7kW
tt
dmA tt
dm
P 7
I I = = =17,73A
3.cos .U 3.0,6.0,38
Tra bng chn ptmt C60H ca hng Merin Gerin ch to c I

mA
= 25 A,
U
dmA
= 440 V, I
N
= 10 kA
3.5.3. Chn cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php
k
nc
.I
cp
I
tt
y k
nc
= 1
V phi hp vi thit b bo v ca cp khi bo v bng ptmt:
I
cp

1, 25.
1, 5 1, 5
kdnhn dmA
I I
Tnh ton cho nhm 1

+ Tnh ton cho mt my tin ren:
I
cp
I
tt
= 17,73 A
1, 25.25
20, 83( )
1, 5 1, 5
kdnhn
cp
I
I A
Tra bng chn dy dn PVC do LENS ch to loi 4G2,5 c tit din 2,5mm
2
c
dng in cho php l 31A. Cp c t trong ng thp c ng knh 3/4" chn
di nn phn xng.
Cc ptmt v ng cp khc c chn tng t, kt qu ghi trong bng.
Do cng sut cc thit b khng ln v u c bo v bng ptmt nn y
khng tnh ton ngn mch trong phn xng kim tra cc thit b la chn theo
iu kin n nh ng v iu kin n nh nhit.
Bng 3-4 Kt qu chn ptmt v cp trong cc t ng lc n thit b
Tn my
Cng
sut t
Ph ti Dng thp Dy dn ptmt
( kW) Ptt (kW) Idm, A M hiu Icp, A M hiu Idm, A Ikdnh/1,5
Nhm1
My tin ren 10 40
101,28 3/4" 4G16 113 NC125H 125 20.83
My tin ren 10 40
101,28 3/4" 4G16 113 NC125H 125 20.83
My doa ngang 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My mi phng c trc nm 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My phay chp hnh 0,6 0,6
1,52 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My khoan bn 0,65 0,65
1,65 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My mi trn 7 7 17,30 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My mi sc 2,8 5,6
14,18 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My gia 1 1
2,53 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My mi sc cc dao ct gt 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G2,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
Nhm 2
My tin ren 7 14
35,45 3/4" 4G2,5 31 C60H 63 20.83
My tin ren 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My tin ren 3,2 6,4
16,21 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My tin ren 10 10
25,32 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 63 20.83
My phay vn nng 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My bo ngang 5,8 5,8
14,69 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My mi trn vn nng 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
My mi phng 4 4
10,13 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
Nhm 3
My tin ren 7 7
17.30 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My tin ren 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My tin ren 3,2 3,2
8,10 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
My tin ren 10 10 25,32 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My khoan ng 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My khoan ng 7 7
17,30 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My ca 2.8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
My mi hai pha 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
My khoan bn 0,65 3,9
9,87 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
Nhm 4
My tin ren 7 7
17,30 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My ca 2.8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My mi hai pha 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My doa ta 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 42 C60H 25 20.83
My khoan bo 7 14 35.45 3/4" 4G1,5 42 C60H 40 33.33
My phay chp hnh 1 1
2,53 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My mi trn vn nng 2,8 2,8
7,09 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 10 8.33
My mi phng c trc ng 10 10
25,32 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 40 33.33
My p thy lc 4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
Nhm 5
My khoan ng
7 14
35,45 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 40 33.33
My bo ngang
4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 42 C60H 40 33.33
My mi ph
5,62 5,62
14,23 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 25 20.83
My phay chp hnh
3 3
7,59 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 10 8.33
My bo ngang
7 14
35,45 3/4" 4G1,5 31 C60H 40 33.33
My khoan hng tm
4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My khoan ng
4,5 4,5
11,39 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 25 20.83
My xc
7 14
35,45 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 40 33.33
My bo ging mt tr
10 10
25,32 3/4" 4G1,5 23 C60H 40 33.33
CHNG IV
TNH TON B CNG SUT PHN KHNG NNG
CAO H S CNG SUT CHO NH MY
4.1 t vn
Vn s dng hp l v tit kim nng lng trong cc x nghip cng
nghip c ngha rt to ln i vi nn kinh t v cc x nghip ny tiu th
khong 55% tng lng in nng sn xut ra. H s cng sut cos l mt trong
nhng ch tiu nh gi x nghip dng in c hp l v tit kim hay khng.
Nng cao h s cng sut cos l mt ch trng lu di gn lin vi mc tiu
pht huy hiu qu cao nht qu trnh sn xut, phn phi v s dng in nng.
Phn ln cc thit b dng in tiu dng u tiu th cng sut tc dng P v
cng sut phn khng Q. Cng sut tc dng l cng sut c bin thnh c nng
hoc nhit nng trong cc thit b dng in, cn cng sut phn khng l cng
sut t ha trong my in xoay chiu, n khng sinh cng. Vic to ra cng sut
phn khng khng i hi tiu tn nng lng ca ng c s cp quay my pht
in. Mt khc cng sut phn khng cung cp cho h tiu th in khng nht
thit phi l ngun. V vy trnh truyn ti mt lng cng sut phn khng
kh ln trn ng dy, ngi ta t gn cc h dng in cc my sinh ra cng
sut phn khng (t in, my b ng b) cung cp trc tip cho ph ti,
lm nh vy c gi l b cng sut phn khng. Khi b cng sut phn khng
th gc lch pha gia dng in v in p s nh i, do h s cos ca mng
c nng cao, gia P, Q v gc c mi quan h sau:
= arctg
P
Q
Khi lng P khng i nh c b cng sut phn khng, lng Q truyn trn
dy gim xung, do gc gim, kt qu l cos tng ln.
H s cng sut cos c nng ln cao s a n nhng hiu qu sau:
* Gim c tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng trong mng in.
*Gim tn tht in p trong mng in.
* Tng kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy v my bin p.
* Tng kh nng pht ca my pht in
Cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut cos:
* Nng cao h s cng sut cos t nhin: l tm cc bin php cc h tiu th
gim bt c lng cng sut phn khng tiu th nh: hp l ha qu trnh sn
xut, gim thi gian chy khng ti ca cc ng c, thay th cc ng c thng
xuyn lm vic non ti bng ng c c cng sut hp l.Nng cao h s cos
t nhin rt c li v a li hiu qu kinh t cao m khng cn t thm thit b
b.
Nng cao h s cos bng bin php b cng sut phn khng.
Thc cht l t cc thit b b gn cc h tiu th in cung cp cng sut
phn khng theo yu cu ca chng, nh vy s gim c lng cng sut phn
khng phi truyn ti trn ng dy theo yu cu ca chng.
4.2 Chn thit b b
b cng sut phn khng cho cc h thng cung cp in c th s dng t
b tnh, my b ng b lm vic ch qu kch thch y ta chn cc t
in lm thit b b cho nh my. S dng cc b t b c u im l gi r, tiu
hao t cng sut tc dng, khng c phn quay nh my b ng b nn lp rp,
vn hnh v bo qun d dng, t in c ch to thnh nhng n v nh v th
c th ty theo s pht trin ca ph ti trong qu trnh sn xut m chng ta c
th ghp dn t in vo mng khin hiu sut nng cao v vn u t c s
dng trit . Trong thc t vi cc nh my, x nghip c cng sut phn khng
tht ln thng dng t in b tnh b cng sut phn khng nhm mc ch
nng cao h s cng sut cos.
V tr t cc thit b b c nh hng rt nhiu ti hiu qu b. Cc b t in
b c th t ti TPPTT, thanh ci cao p, h p ca TBAPP, ti cc t phn phi
t ng lc hoc ti cc u cc cc ph ti ln. xc nh chnh xc v tr t
v dung lng b cn phi tnh ton so snh kinh t k thut cho tng phng n
t b cho mt h thng cung cp in c th. Song theo kinh nghim thc t,
trong trng hp cng sut v dung lng b khng tht ln c th phn b dung
lng b cn thit t ti thanh ci h p ca cc TBAPP gim nh vn u t
v thun tin cho cng tc qun l vn hnh.
4.3 Xc nh v phn b dung lng b
4.3.1 Xc nh dung lng b
Dung lng b cn thit cho nh my c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Q
b
= P
ttnm
(tg
1
tg
2
).
Trong :
P
ttnm
- Ph ti tc dng tnh ton ca nh my. (kW)
1
gc ng vi h s cng sut trung bnh trc khi b, cos1 = 0,73
2
gc ng vi h s cng sut bt buc sau khi b. cos 2 = 0,95
- h s xt ti kh nng nng cao cos bng nhng bin php i hi t
thit b b, = 0,9 1.
Vi nh my ang thit k ta tm c dung lng b cn t:
Q
b
= P
ttnm
.(tg
1
tg
2
). = 6130,40 (0,936 0,329) = 3721,15 kVAr
4.3.2 Phn b dung lng b cho cc trm bin p phn xng
T trm phn phi trung tm v cc my bin p phn xng l mng phn
nhnh c s nguyn l v s thay th theo hnh 2.5 v hnh 4.2.
Hnh 4.1 S nguyn l ca mt trm bin p c lp t b
Hnh 4.2 S thay th phn b dung lng b.
Hnh 4.3 S tnh ton phn b dung lng b
Mt mng phn nhnh c th coi nh nhiu mng hnh tia ghp li. Quan nim
nh vy ta c cng thc tnh cho trng hp phn nhnh.
Dung lng b ca nhnh th n c tnh theo cng thc sau:
(n-1)n bu dat n
bu n
(Q - Q ).
Q = Q -
tdn
n
R
r
Trong :
Q
n
- ph ti phn khng ca nhnh th n;
Q
(n-1)n
- ph ti phn khng chy trn on t im n-1 ti im n;
Qb t n dung lng b t ti im n;
R
tdn
- in tr tng ng ca mng in k t im n tr v sau.
r
n
- in tr ca nhnh n.
in tr ca my bin p c tnh theo cng thc:
R
B
=
2
3 N dmBA
2
dmBA
P .U
.10
S
()
Trong :
P
N
- tn tht ngn mch trong my bin p
U
dm
, S
dm
- in p v cng sut nh mc ca my bin p, kV v kVA
Cn c vo s liu chng II ta c kt qu tnh in tr ca cc trm bin p v
cp nh sau:
Kt qu tnh in tr trm bin p v cp:
Bng 4-1 Kt qu tnh in tr trm bin p v cp
TRM BIN P R
B
, CP R
C
,
B1 2,4 PPTT - B2 0.012
B2 3,4 PPTT - B3 0.014
B3 0,94 B2 - B1 0.016
B4 0,94 B3 B5 0.012
B5 2,4 PPTT B4 0.089
Tnh in tr tng ng ca mng:
R
25
= R
B1
+ R
C B2-B1
= 2,4+0,016 = 2,416
R
26
= R
B2
= 3,4
R
37
= R
B3
= 0,94
R
38
= R
B4
+ R
C B3-B4
= 0,94 + 0,012 = 0.952

,
_
358 , 2
4 , 3
1
416 , 2
1
1
2
R

,
_
345 , 5
952 , 0
1
94 , 0
1
1
3
R
R
4
= R
B5
+ R
C PPTT-B5
= 2,4 + 0,089 = 2,489

,
_
+ +
595 , 1
489 , 2
1
345 , 2
1
358 , 2
1
1
1
R
* Xc nh dung lng b ti u cho cc nhnh
i vi mng hnh tia 1:
bu dat 1 1
bu2 2
2
(Q - Q ).R (4652,09 - 2524,3).1,595
Q = Q - =3280,36- =1841,08kVAr
R 2,358
Tng t:
Q
b3
= 593,96 kVAr
Q
b4
= 88,79 kVAr
i vi mng hnh tia 2:
2 bu dat 2 2
bu5 5
25
(Q - Q ).R (3280,36 - 1841,08).2,358
Q = Q - =1239,95- =687,3kVAr
R 6,141
Tng t:
Q
b6
= 1153,83 kVAr
i vi mng hnh tia 3:
3 bu dat 3 3
bu7 7
37
(Q - Q ).R (1228,91 - 593,957).5,345
Q = Q - =630- =312,345kVAr
R 10,684
Tng t:
Q
b8
= 281,61 kVAr
Ta chn cc t b cos do Lin X ch to.
Kt qu phn b dung lng b v chn t b cho tng nhnh c ghi trong
bng:
Bng 4-2 Kt qu chn t b v dung lng b trong nh my
TRM
BIN P
IM
B
LOI T Q
B
, kVAr S B
Tng Q
B
,
kVAr
Q
B
yu cu, kVAr
B1 5 KC2-6,3-75-2Y3 75 10 750 687.30
B2 6 KC2-6,3-75-2Y3 75 16 1200 1153.83
B3 7 KC2-6,3-75-2Y3 75 5 375 312.35
B4 8 KC2-6,3-75-2Y3 75 4 300 281.61
B5 4 KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 50 2 100 88.79
Hnh 4.4 S lp rp t b cos cho trm bin p
* Cos ca nh my sau khi t t b:
- Tng cng sut ca cc t b: Q
tb
=2725 kVAr
- Lng cng sut phn khng truyn trong li nh my:
Q = Q
ttnm
Q
tb
= 3950,05 -2725 = 1225,05 kVAr
H s cng sut ca nh my sau khi b:
293 , 0
40 , 6130
05 , 1225

P
Q
tg
tg = 0,294 cos = 0,96
Kt lun
Sau khi t t b cho li in h p ca nh my h s cng sut cos ca
nh my t tiu chun.
CHNG V
THIT K TRM BIN P B1
Trm bin p l mt phn t quan trng nht trong h thng cung cp in.
Trm bin p khi thit k phi m bo an ton cung cp in, an ton tin li cho
ngi vn hnh, sa cha, mt khc phi cn c vo mt t ai, mi trng xung
quanh, kinh ph xy dng v m quan, la chn kiu TBA thch hp cho tng
cng trnh tng i tng khch hng.
Nh my c kh nng nghip c s lng my bin p phn xng trong nh
my l 5 trm bin p, cc trm bin p ny c cng sut S
tm
250 kVA, ngoi ra
cn c mt trm phn phi trung tm.
Trm bin p c thit k y l trm B
1
, ti trm c t 2 my bin p,
cng sut mi my S
mB1
= 1000 kVA 35kV/0,4kV. Vi trm c 2 my bin p
ta c th b tr 3; 4 phng. Nu t chung 2 MBA 1 phng th s tit kim c
tng xy nhng s nguy him khi 1 my xy ra chy n. t mi my mt phng
s tn km hn nhng mc an ton cao hn.
5.1. S nguyn l v la chn cc phn t c bn ca trm
Trm bin p phn xng B
1
cung cp in cho phn xng ko si v khu nh
vn phng. Do yu cu chung ca nh my v tnh cht ca ph ti (loi I) nn
TBA B
1
cn cung cp in lin tc. Pha cao p nhn in t trm PPTT bng hai
ng dy cp 35kV qua dao cch ly v cu ch cao p vo 2 my bin p
1000kVA-35/0,4kV. Pha h p dng 5 t t to gm:
+ T t ptmt phn on
+ 2 t t ptmt tng
+ 2 t t ptmt nhnh
kim tra thng xuyn trn mi thanh ci ca 1 my bin p c t 3 ng
h Ampe k km theo bin dng in, 1 ng h o Volt, 1 kho chuyn mch o
in p pha-dy, 2 cng t hu cng v v cng 3 pha
Ta c s nguyn l ca trm B1
Hnh 5.1 S nguyn l trm bin p B1
kWh kVArh
A A A
V
M32 - 3200A
A A A
kWh kVArh
B5
2x1250kVA
35kV/0,4kV
3GD1 608-5D
3DC
V
CC CC
BI:3250/5a BI
3GD1 608-5D
3DC
2XLPE(3x50)mm
2
XLPE(3x50)mm
2
PVC 12(1x400) +400mm
2
M16 M16
XLPE(3x50)mm
2
s nguyn l t r m bin p b5
PVC12(1x400) +400mm
2
NS400N NS400N
B1
2x 1000kVA
35kV/ 0,4kV
3GD1 606-5B 3GD1 606-5B M25 2500A M12 M08 M08 M12
5.1.1. Chn my bin p B1
- Phn xng ko si v khu nh vn phng c cng sut tnh ton tng:
S
tt
= 1780.47kVA.
- Trm t 2 my bin p c S
m
= 1000kVA 35/0,4kV ca cng ty thit b
in ng Anh ch to.
- Bng thng s k thut ca MBA:
Bng 5-1 thng s k thut ca MBA
S
mB1
,
kVA
U
m
,
kV
P
0
,kW P
N
,kW U
N%
I
0%
1000 35/0,4 1,68 10 6 1,3
5.1.2. Chn thit b pha cao p
5.1.2.1Chn cp cao p
Cp t trm PPTT n trm bin p phn xng B
1
c chn loi cp 35kV
cch in XPLE, ai thp, v PLC do hng Nht ch to c thit din 50mm
2
-
XPLE (3x50)mm
2
(c chn v kim tra chng II).
5.1.2.2 Chn dao cch ly v cu ch cao p
Trm t 2 MBA mi my dng 1 dao cch ly loi 3DC v 1 cu ch co p
loi 3GD1 606 5B do hng Siemen sn xut (c chn v kim tra chng
II).
5.1.2.3 Chn s cao p
S phn cao p gm s phn trong nh dng dao cch ly, cu ch
thanh ci cao p trong bung cao th.
- iu kin chn s: F
cp
= 0,6.F
ph
F
tt
=
-2 2
xkN1
l
1,76.10 . .i
a
Trong : F
cp
- lc tc ng cho php ln s (kg)
F
ph
- lc ph hoi quy nh ca s (kg)
F
tt
- lc tnh ton dng in tc ng ln s
l- khong cch gia cc s ca 1 pha, l = 80 cm
a- khong cch gia cc pha, a = 30 cm
Theo tnh ton chng IIbng 2-26, trm bin p B1 c i
xkN1
= 11,368 kA
F
tt

kG 03 , 50 ) 368 , 11 .(
30
80
. 10 . 76 , 1
2 2

Tra bng TL [5] ph lc chn s 0F-35-375Y3 c F
ph
= 375 kG
5.1.3. Chn thit b h p
5.1.3.1 Chn thanh dn
Trm dng 1 h thng thanh gp t trong v t t to c s liu tnh ton nh
I
lvmax
= 2572,93A chy qua thanh gp. Chn thanh gp bng ng c kch thc
(120 x 10)mm
2
, tit din 1000 mm
2
vi I
cp
= 5200 A.
* Kim tra n nh ng
- Ly khong cch gia cc pha l: a = 30 cm
- Ly chiu di nhp s l: l = 80 cm
Theo tnh ton chng II bng 2-29, trm bin p B1 c i
xkN2
= 54 kA
- Tnh lc tc dng ln mt nhp thanh dn l:
F
tt
=1,76.10
-2
.
l
a
.i
2
xkN2
=1,76.10
-2
.
80
30
. 54
2
= 641,22 kG
- M men un tc dng ln mt nhp thanh dn l :
M =
tt
F .l
10
=
641,22.80
10
= 5129,75 kG.cm
- ng sut tnh ton trong vt liu thanh dn l :
tt
X
M
W

Trong : W
X
l m men chng un ca tit din thanh dn vi trc thng gc
vi phng un khi t thanh dn nm ngang.
2 2 3
X
1 1
W = h .b= .12 .1=24 cm
6 6

=>
5129,75
24

tt
= 213,74 kG/cm
2
V ng sut cho php ca ng l:
cpcu
=1400kG/cm
2
>
tt
= 213,74 kG/cm
2
Nh vy thanh dn tho mn iu kin n nh ng.
* Kim tra n nh nhit
Thanh dn c I
cp
= 5200A > 1000A khng cn kim tra n nh nhit.
5.1.3.2 Chn s
S phn h p gm s my bin dng dy dn, dy cp phn h th khi
ngn mch pha h th c.
Theo tnh ton chng II bng 2-29, trm bin p B1 c i
xkN2
= 108.38kA
F
tt
=1,76.10
-2
.
l
a
.i
2
xkN2
=1,76.10
-2
.
80
30
. 108.38
2
= 641,22 kG
Tra bng TL [5] ph lc chn s 0-10-1250 Y3 c F
ph
= 1250 kG
5.1.3.3 Chn Aptomat
(Cc ATM chn chng II)
- Chn Aptmat tng v phn on: M25
- Chn Aptmat nhnh loi M12 cho phn xng c kh chnh v M08 cho khu
ban qun l v phng thit k.
- Bng thng s k thut:
Bng 5-2 thng s k thut Aptmt tng, phn on v nhnh
Loi U
dm
,V I
dm
, A I
CN
,kA
M25 690 2500 75
M12 690 1250 40
M08 690 800 40
- Kim tra li iu kin ct dng ngn mch: I
ct.m.A
I
N2
.
Dng ngn mch trn thanh ci 0,4kV bng I
N2
= 42.57kA (c tnh ton
trong chng II).
I
CN
=75 kA > I
N2
= 42.57kA.
Vy ptmt chn tho mn
5.1.3.4 Chn cp h p tng
- Chn theo iu kin pht nng.
K
hc
. I
cp
I
tt
+ Nhit mi trng t cp +25
0
C, khong cch gia cc si cp l
300mm K
hc
= 0,86
+ Dng ph ti tnh ton ca cp :
A
U
S k
I
mH
mBa qtsc
B lv
91 , 2525
4 , 0 . 3
1000 . 4 , 1
. 3
.
1 max

Ta chn cp ng 1 li cch in PVC do LENS ch to c F = 630mm
2
, I
cp
=
850 A. Nh vy mi pha ta cn t 4 si cp chp vo nhau.
- Bng thng s k thut ca cp.

Bng 5-3 thng s k thut ca cp
F, mm
2
d, mm
M
kg/km
R
0
, /km
20
0
C
I
cp
, A
Trong nh
li
v
min max
1x630 29,
7
39,
9
43 6360 0,0283 850
- Cp c bo v bng ptmt tng M25 c I
m.A
= 2500A
Ta c iu kin kt hp vi thit b bo v:

kd.nh
'
cp
I
1,5
I

+ I
k.nh
: dng khi ng ca b phn ct mch bng nhit.
+ I
k.nh
I
m.A
: an ton ly I
k.nh
= 1,25 I
mA
I
k.nh
= 1,25.2500 = 4000 (A)
.
'
4000
1,18 1,5
4.850
<
kd nh
cp
I
I
Vy cp chn tho mn.
5.1.3.5 Chn thit b o m
Cc ng h o, m c chn theo cp chnh xc:
- Chn ng h Ampe(A):
A
U
S k
I
mH
mBa qtsc
B lv
91 , 2525
4 , 0 . 3
1000 . 4 , 1
. 3
.
1 max

+ Thang o: (02525,91) A
+ Cp chnh xc: 0,5
- Chn cng t hu cng (kWh) v v cng (kVAr) l cng t 3 pha c cp chnh
xc nh sau: kWh(1,5) kVAr(2).
- Chn vn k(V):
+ Thang o: (0400) V
+ Cp chnh xc: 1,5
- Chn kha chuyn mch: thng c 7 v tr trong c 3 v tr pha, 3 v tr dy
v 1 v tr ct.
CN AN
RN
AN
OPP
AC
RC
- Chn cu ch bo v vn k: c dng nh mc I
dmCC
= 5A
5.1.3.6 Chn my bin dng
+ Chn theo cc iu kin :
- in p nh mc: U
m.BI
0,4kV
- Dng s cp nh mc:
I
m.BI
A
U
S k
I
mH
mBa qtsc
lv
91 , 2525
4 , 0 . 3
1000 . 4 , 1
. 3
.
max

+ Chn my bin dng loi c I
m.BI
= 3250A/5A
- Cc ng h v bin dng in cng t trong mt t h p nn khong cch dy
ni rt ngn v in tr ca cc ng h khng ng k do ph ti tnh ton ca
mch th cp ca my bin dng nh hng khng nhiu n s lm vic bnh
thng trong cp chnh xc c yu cu, v vy khng cn kim tra iu kin ph
ti th cp.
5.1.3.7 Chn kch thc t phn phi h p
T phn phi c chn c kch thc nh sau:
- Kch thc thn t: 1600x600x800 theo chiu (cao su rng)
- Kch thc t: 100x600x800
5.2. Thit k h thng ni t cho trm bin p phn xng B1
5.2.1. H s ni t ca trm bin p phn xng B1
- Ni t lm vic pha trung tnh h p my bin p nhm mc ch s
dng in p dy (U
d
) v s dng in p pha (U
f
).
- Ni t an ton: l h thng ni t bao gm cc cc v dy n tip
t, m bo in p bc (U
b
) v in p tip xc (U
tx
) nh, khng gy nguy
him cho ngi khi tip xc vi thit b in.
Theo quy phm trang b in, in tr ca h thng ni t th R
[ 4 (i vi
my bin p > 1000 kVA) mng h p c dy trung tnh my bin p an ton cho
ngi vn hnh v s dng.
- Ni t chng st: bo v cc thit b trong trm trnh sng qu in p
truyn t ng dy vo. Phi t b chng st van 35 kV u ng cp 35 kV
(u ni vo ng dy 35 kV), ti ct chng st van phi ni t.
5.2.2. Tnh ton h thng ni t
- My bin p B1 c 2 cp in p U = 35/0,4 kV. cp h p c dng ln v
vy in tr ni t ca trm yu cu khng vt qu 4 .
- Theo s liu a cht ta c th ly in tr sut ca t ti khu vc xy dng
trm bin p phn xng B1 l :
= 0,4 . 10
4
.cm
- Xc nh in tr ni t ca 1 cc.
) (
1 t 4
1 t 4
log
2
1
d
21
lg K . .
l
366 , 0
R
max c 1

1
]
1
+
+
Trong :
- in tr xut ca t /cm
K
max
=1,5 h s ma cc
d- ng knh ngoi ca cc, m
l- chiu di ca cc, m
t- chn su ca cc, tnh t mt t ti im gia ca cc (cm)
i vi thp gc c b rng ca cnh l b, ng knh ngoi ng tr c
tnh:
d = 0,95b
Ta dng thp gc L60 x 60 x 6 di 2,5m lm cc thng ng ca thit b ni
t, t cch nhau 2,5m v chn su 0,7m.
Hnh 5.2 Kch thc ct tip a
Vi tham s cc nh trn, cng thc trn c th tnh gn ng nh sau:
R
1c
= 0,00298 .
max
= 0,00298 . K
max
. ()
R
1c
= 0,00298 . 1,5 . 0,4 . 10
4
= 17,88 ()
Xc nh s b s cc.
1c
sdc
R
n =
K .
yc
R
Trong :
K
sdc
h s s dng cc, tra bng PL 6.6 TL[1] ly s b K
sdc
= 0,58
(vi t s a/l = 1)
R
yc
- in tr ni t yu cu, R
yc
= 4
Ta c:
17,88
n = = 7,71
0,58.4
(cc)
Ta ly trn s n = 8 cc
Xc nh in tr thanh ni nm ngang
2
max
0,366 2
. .lg ( )
t t
l
R
l bt

Trong :
maxt
l in tr sut ca t su chn thanh nm ngang /cm (ly
su = 0,8m) ly k
maxt
= 3 .
maxt
=
. 3 = 0,4 . 10
4
. 3 = 1,2.10
4
(/cm)
l- chiu di (chu vi) mch vng to nn bi cc thanh ni, cm.
- Trm bin p thit k c kch thc l :
+ Chiu di: a = 11,1 m
+ Chiu rng: b = 3,1 m
Khi thit k ni t cho trm ta chn h thng ni t cch tng l 0,45 m v
cc pha khi ta c:
Mch vng ni t chn xung quanh trm thit k c chu vi: 2.(12+4) = 32 m
l = 3200 cm
b- b rng thanh ni b = 4 cm
t- chiu chn su thanh ni t = 80 cm
Ta c :
4 2
t
0,366.1,2.10 2.(3200)
R = lg = 6,6
3200 4.80
- in tr ca thanh ni thc t cn cn phi xt n h s s dng thanh K
sdt
theo
s cc chn thng ng, tra bng PL 6.6 TL[1] ta tm c K
sdt
= 0,36 vi n = 8:
- Vy in tr thc t ca thanh l :
t
N
sd
R 6,6
R = = = 18,33
K 0,36
t
- Ta tnh c in tr ni t cn thit ca ton b s cc l:
nd N
c
N nd
R .R 4.18,33
R = = = 5,12
R - R 18,33 - 4
S cc cn phi ng l:
1c
sd c
R 17,88
n = = = 6,02
K .R 0,58.5,12
Ly trn n = 6 cc tra bng PL 6.6 TL[1] ta tm c h s s dng cc v
thanh ngang l: K
sdc
= 0,62; K
sdt
= 0,4
T cng thc xc nh in tr khuch tn ca thit b ni t gm h thng
cc v thanh ni nm ngang.
c t
nd
c sdt t sdc
R .R 5,12.6,6
R = = = 3,53 <4
R .K +n.R .K 5,12.0,4+6.6,6.0,62
in tr ca h thng ni t tha mn yu cu k thut.
- Tm li, h thng ni t cho trm c thit k nh sau:
Dng 6 thanh thp gc L60 x 60 x 6 di 2,5m chn thnh mch vng 32m.
5.3. Kt cu trm v s b tr cc thit b trong trm
1,8m 1,2m 1,2m
3
,
1
m
4,5m 4,4m 2,2m
2,2m 2,2m
3,1m
0,6m 1,3m 1,3m
2,2m 4,4m 4,5m
4
,
5
m
1 My bin p
2
T in cao th 3
T in h th
4
5 Hp u cp cao p
6 Cp h th
7 Thanh dn cao p
8 Thng gi
9 R nh cp
10 H du s c
Mt ct A - A
Mt ct B -B
12m
4
m
S b trhthng ni t
3
8 8 8 8 8
3
3
9
4
6
10
1
1
1
1
10
5 7 6
A
B
B
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1
,
7
m
1
,
7
m
0,8m
0,6m
0,8m
0
,
6
m
Hnh 5.3 Kt cu trm v s b tr h thng ni t
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn Cng Hin Nguyn Mnh Hoch. H thng cung cp in ca
x nghip cng nghip th v nh cao tng.
[2] Ng Hng Quang V Vn Tm. Thit k cp in.
[3] Ng Hng Quang. S tay la chn v tra cu thit b in t 0,4 n
500kV.
[4] Nguyn Vn m. Thit k cc mng v h thng in.
[5] Nguyn Hu Khi. Thit k nh my in v trm bin p.

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Do An Cung Cap Dien

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n tt nghip 1 Thit k cung cp in

Da vo n, P tra bng xc nh c n

n: S thit b tiu th in thc t trong nhm.

1.2.5 Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho cc phn xng cn li

= 0,85. 7599,14= 6459,27 (kVAr)

2.3.1.4 Chi ph vng i ca phng n 1

- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

Bng 2-11 Tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy ca phng n II

2.3.2.4 Chi ph vng i ca phng n II

- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

2.3.3 Phng n III

Bng 2-14 Tn tht in nng trong cc TBAPP phng n III

Bng 2-17 Kt qu chn my ct phng n III

2.3.3.4 Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n III

- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

2.3.4.4 Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n IV

- i = 12%; T=30 nm.

SV: Trng vn iu Lp in k thut K17

, ngn mch xa ngun (I = I

Tra bng chn ptmt C60H ca hng Merin Gerin ch to c I

Tnh ton cho nhm 1

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