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Bo ton khi lng: mKL + mhh kh = moxit, mui. LBT electron => Ha tr x nkim loi = 2. nX 2 + 4. nO2 . VD 1: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm Cl2 v O2 tc dng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp Y gm Mg v Al thu c 42,34gam hn hp Z gm MgCl2; MgO; AlCl3v Al2O3. 1. Phn trm th tch ca oxi trong X l A. 52. B. 48. C. 25. D. 75. 2. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong Y l A. 77,74. B. 22,26. C. 19,79. D. 80,21.
Ch : nFe= n H 2 S + n H 2 v LBT nguyn t S => nS = n H 2 S = nPbS VD 2: Nung m gam hn hp bt Fe v S trong bnh kn khng c khng kh. Sau phn ng em phn rn thu c ha tan vo lng d dung dch HCl c 3,8 gam cht rn X khng tan, dung dch Y v 0,2 mol kh Z. Dn Z qua dung dch Cu(NO3)2 d, thu c 9,6 gam kt ta en (CuS). Gi tr ca m l A. 11,2 B. 15,6 C. 18,2 D. 18,4
(NaOH)
n Na2 SO3 = n NaOH
Cc PTP c th xy ra : SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (1) SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (2)
n NaHSO3 = nSO2
1 (va ) Dd HSO3
(1)
Dd HSO3 SO2 d
(1)
(va ) Dd SO32
(2)
Dd : SO32 v OH d
(2)
nOH nSO2
SO2 Na2 SO3 NaHSO3 ( NaHSO3 ) VD 3: Sc t t 2,24 lit SO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dd NaOH 3M. Mui to thnh sau phn ng l A. Na2SO3 B. NaHSO3 C. Na2SO4 D. Hn hp Na2SO3 v NaHSO3
=n
4. Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh H 2 mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH 2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 22,4 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui clorua = mKL + 71 nH 2 = 10 + 71. 1 = 81 gam 5.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh H2 mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui Sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 = 10 + 96. 0,1 = 29,6 gam 6.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi d/dch HCl gii phng kh CO2 v H2O
mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO 2 7. Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 36. n CO 2 8.Cng thc tnh s mol oxi khi cho oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to mui v H2O 1 nO (Oxit) = nO ( H 2 O) = 2 nH ( Axit) 9.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi d/dch H2SO4 long to mui sunfat v H2O Oxit + dd H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H 2 SO 4 10.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl to mui clorua v H2O Oxit + dd HCl Mui clorua + H2O mMui clorua = mOxit + 55 n H 2
O
11.nh lut bo ton electron khi kim loi khi cho kim loi tc dng axit gii phng hiro. Ha tr . nK L= 2 . nH 2 12. BI TP V LEUM Oleum l Axit bc khi C cng thc : H2SO4.nSO2 nn khi tc dng H2O (n +1) H2SO4 n H 2SO 4 (n + 1 ).98 Nn : nOleum = . Khi pha trn dung dch th c th coi oleum l axit c nng : 98+ 80 n n +1 Cu 1: Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X. trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn trm v khi lng ca nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l A. 23,97%. B. 35,95%*. C. 32,65%. D. 37,86%. n Hng dn: nNaOH = 0,03 H2 SO4 = 0,015 Trong 200ml c 0,03 mol Cng thc: nSO3. H2SO4 Bo ton cho S: (1 + n)0,015 = 0,03 n = 1 %S = 0,015 = 0,3595 .178 Cu 2: Ha tan 3,38g mt Oleum vo nc thu c dung dch A. trung ha A cn 800 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M . a) Hy xc nh cng thc ca Oleum b) Cn ly bao nhiu gam A ha tan vo 200g nc thu c dung dch H2SO4 10% Hng dn : nKOH = 0,08 n H 3 b) M = 338 Ly m gam mdd = (200 + m) mt = (200 + m).0,1 n H a=
( 200 + m ).0,1 m = 11,6m = 200 + m m = 18,87g 338 98 .4
2SO 4 2SO 4
0 ,03 .32
= 0,04 a =
( 200 + m ).0,1 98
P b
C u
H g
Ag Pt
A u
Tc dng vi cc axit thng thng gii phng Hidro Khng tc dng. Kim loi th ng (khng phn ng) vi H2SO4 c ngui l: Al, Fe, Cr Ha tr:
H I
0
K I
Na I
+6
Ag I
+2
Mg II
2 (1) +4
Ca II
Ba II
Zn II
Hg II
Pb II
Cu II
Fe II
Fe III
Al III
O II
Cl I
S mol:
n (mol) =
m( g ) M
(mol) ;
(mol)
n = CM . V (lt);
CM =
hoc
C %.10.D M ; C%=