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Combined Science Chemistry Sample Mock Paper for HKDSEE

Suggested Answers and Marking Schemes

Name: Class: Date: ( )

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Sample Mock Paper

Section A
1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 1. D D D C B 2. 7. 12. 17. 22. C B B C A 3. 8. 13. 18. 23. C C D D D 4. 9. 14. 19. 24. B C C B D 5. 10. 15. 20. C C A D

4.

The equation for the reaction is: 2Cu(s) + O2(g) 2CuO(s) The mole ratio of CuO to Cu = 1 : 1 Number of moles of CuO produced = Number of moles of Cu used 63.5 g = = 1 mol 63.5 g mol 1 Mass of 1 mole of CuO = (63.5 + 16.0) g mol1 1 mol = 79.5 g Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali. The salt formed is not neutral that the equivalence point of the titration is around pH 9 to 10. The indicator used for the titration should have a colour change around the pH range of the equivalence point so that the end point of the titration matches with the equivalence point of the reaction. The indicator that has a pH range around 9 to 10 is thymol blue. The pH value of pure water is 7. Look at the table again. Indicator Congo red Bromothymol blue Thymol blue Methyl blue pH range 3.1 4.9 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.6 10.6 13.4 Colour in acidic medium Blue Yellow Yellow Blue Colour in alkaline medium Red Blue Blue Pale violet

Complete combustion means that burning is with sufficient oxygen so that carbon dioxide and water are the only combustion products. The first step is to identify the repeating unit of the H polymer which is C H C . Once the repeating

5.

2.

C2H5 H unit is identified, change the carbon-carbon bond in the chain to a carbon-carbon double bond and draw the structure of an alkene. The alkene is the monomer of the polymer. In the case, the monomer H H H H is H C C C C H . The name of the 6.

H H monomer is but-1-ene. 3.

The equation for the reaction is: AgNO3(aq) + NaBr(aq) AgBr(s) + NaNO3(aq) Both silver nitrate and sodium bromide are salts. When the solutions of these salts are mixed together, the cations and anions in the solution will interact with each other. In this case, silver ions interact with bromide ions to form a solid which is not soluble in water and hence a precipitate is formed. This type of reaction is often called double replacement reaction or precipitation reaction. Displacement reaction is a reaction between a metal with an aqueous solution of another metal which is less reactive. Neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base. Silver nitrate and sodium bromide are neither acids nor alkalis, they are salts. There is no change of oxidation numbers involved in the reaction. It is not a redox reaction.

Congo red will show the colour in alkaline medium (red), bromothymol blue will show the colour in alkaline medium (blue), thymol blue will show the colour in acidic medium (yellow), and methyl blue will show the colour in acidic medium (blue). 7. The oxidation numbers of the elements in the compounds are shown in the following table: NaNO2 Ca(NO3)2 (NH4)2SO4 (NH2)2CO Na = +1, O = 2, N = +3 Ca = +2, O = 2, N = +5 H = +1, S = +6, O = 2, N = 3 H = +1, C = +4, O = 2, N = 3

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8.

In the Zn/Cu chemical cell, Zn dissolves in the solution and releases electrons which flow along the external circuit to t he copper electrode. Hence, Zn is the negative terminal of the cell. As Zn Zn2+ + 2e is an oxidation reaction, zinc electrode is the anode.

14.

The two particles have different numbers of protons. They are particles of different elements. As their numbers of protons are not the same as their numbers of electrons, they are ions. A is F and B is Na+. To obtain an accurate titration results, both the pipette and burette should be rinsed with water and then the solution they are going to hold. If the pipette is not rinsed with sodium hydroxide solution before drawing the solution, the sodium hydroxide solution delivered to the conical flask would be diluted (as there is water in the pipette). The amount of hydrochloric acid required to neutralize it would be less than the correct amount. If the burette is rinsed with water only but not with hydrochloric acid afterwards, the hydrochloric acid in the burette would be diluted. Hence, more dilute hydrochloric acid would be required to bring the titration to the end point. This experiment shows that potassium manganate(VII) is an ionic compound. Colourless K+, which carries positive charge, will move to the negative electrode and purple MnO 4 will move to the positive electrode. This experiment cannot show that potassium manganate(VII) is an oxidizing agent. Lithium is a metal and is located above sodium in the Period Table. Metals react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Increase in temperature (T ) = 34.8C 19.6C = 15.2C = 15.2 K Amount of heat given out = mc T = (100 + 1.0) g 4.2 J g1 K1 15.2 K 1.0 g Number of moles of Li used = 6.9 g mol 1 = 0.145 mol 6 448 J Heat given out per mole of Li = 0.145 mol 1 = 44 469 J mol1 = 44.5 kJ mol1 The enthalpy change of reaction per mole of lithium is 44.5 kJ mol1. = 6 448 J

15.

9.

The resulting solution is a mixture of Cu (aq) (blue) and Cr 3+(aq) (green). Hence, its colour is bluish-green. The oxidation number of H has not changed in the reaction (+1 in H+(aq) and +1 in H2O(l)). It is not the oxidizing agent. The oxidation number of Cu has changed from +1 in Cu +(aq) to +2 in Cu 2+(aq). Hence, Cu +(aq) is oxidized. The oxidation number of Cr has decreased from +6 in Cr2O72(aq) to +3 in Cr3+(aq). Standard enthalpy change of formation of carbon monoxide (x ) refers to the enthalpy change of the following equation: 1 C(graphite) + O2(g) 2 H o = x CO(g) (1) This equation can be linked to two other equations: C(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g) (2) H o = y 1 H o = z CO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) (3) 2 Equation (1) is the same as equation (2) equation (3), hence x = y z . The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. A nitrogen atom has 7 electrons. It has to gain 3 electrons to form nitride ion (N 3) to achieve the electronic structure of neon. Hence, the nitride ion has 10 electrons. Answer A shows a one-stage exothermic reaction. Answer B shows a two-stage exothermic reaction. Answer C shows a one-stage endothermic reaction. Answer D shows a two-stage endothermic reaction. Acidified potassium permanganate solution is an oxidizing agent. When it reacts with a reducing agent, it will change to Mn2+(aq) (colourless) and its colour will fade. Propene reacts with acidified potassium permanganate solution to form propane1,2-diol. Acidified potassium permanganate oxidizes both propanol and propanal to form propanoic acid.

2+

10.

16.

17.

11.

18.

12.

13.

19.

Carbon monoxide is colourless and odourless. It is a toxic gas because it combines with haemoglobin in our blood readily and prevents haemoglobin from carrying oxygen to various parts of our body.

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20.

The products of electrolysis of sea water are hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution. Hydrogen and chlorine are gases at room temperature and pressure and they react to form hydrochloric acid. Quartz is a mineral found in granite. Quartz is a compound of silicon and oxygen. Fraction Y has a higher boiling range than fraction X, therefore, fraction Y is more viscous (i.e. less runny), darker in colour (has higher molecular masses) and more difficult to burn (less volatile). As the atoms of Group II metals are smaller than that of Group I metals in the same period, their outermost electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus of the atom. As a result, group II metal atoms are less reactive and have a higher melting point and density. All metals are basically shiny. The equations suggest that 1 mole of hydrogen will use up 0.5 mole of oxygen but 1 mole of methane will use up 2 moles of oxygen. Hence, answer A is wrong. The equations and the enthalpy changes of combustion also suggest that 1 mole of hydrogen (2.0 g) gives out 285.8 kJ of heat while 1 mole of methane (16.0 g) gives out 890.4 kJ of heat. Hence, for the same number of moles, hydrogen gives out less heat. For gases, the volume is proportional to the number of moles. Hence, for the same volume of gases, hydrogen gives out less heat. Since 2.0 g of hydrogen give out 285.8 kJ of heat, 16.0 of hydrogen will give out 2 286.4 kJ of heat. Hence, for the same masses of gases, hydrogen gives out more heat. (a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different number of neutrons / mass number. 1 (b) Let Y be the relative abundance of 20Ne. 1 20y + 21(0.002 7) + 22(1 0.002 7 y ) = 20.19 21.997 3 2y = 20.19 y = 0.904 (c) Neon has a stable octet electronic structure. 1 (d) As a gas to fill fluorescent (neon) tube. 1 4 (a) Add aluminium to copper(II) nitrate solution. The blue (green) solution turns pale blue (green) / colourless; and a reddish brown precipitate appears. 1

21. 22.

23.

3.

24.

Section B
1.

Aluminium is more reactive than copper and can displace copper from its salt solution. 2Al(s) + 3Cu2+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) + 3Cu(s) Add copper to silver nitrate solution. The colourless solution turns pale blue (green) and a greyish precipitate appears. 1 Copper is more reactive than silver and can displace silver from its salt solution. Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) Hence, the relative reactivities of the three metals are in the order of Zn > Cu > Ag. 1 (b) silver oxide: by heating alone 1 copper(II) oxide: by heating with carbon 1 aluminium oxide: by electrolysis of the molten oxide 1 7 (a) As both lead(II) hydroxide and zinc hydroxide are amphoteric, both hydroxides are soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. / Both Pb2+ and Zn2+ are soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. Hence, sodium hydroxide is not appropriate. 1 Cl forms precipitate with Pb 2+ but not Zn2+. However, PbCl2 is fairly soluble in hot water and that the molar mass of PbCl2 is lower than that of PbSO4. Error involved in gravimetric analysis is greater. 1 Hence, sodium sulphate was chosen. (b) Filter the precipitate. Wash the precipitate with a minimum amount of cold water. Dry the precipitate by pressing it between dry filter papers / heating it in an oven / by leaving it in a desiccator overnight. Measure the mass of the precipitate by using an electronic balance. 2 (c) Formula mass of lead(II) sulphate = 207.2 + 32.1 + 16.0 4 = 303.3 Formula mass of lead(II) nitrate = 207.0 + 2(14.0 + 16.0 3) = 331.2 Mass of lead(II) nitrate in the sample = 3.25 331.2 = 3.549 g 303.3 Hence, the percentage by mass of lead(II) nitrate in the sample 3.549 = 100% = 71.0% 5.00

2.

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4.

(a) A dative covalent bond is a covalent bond in which one of the two atoms takes the two electrons for the sharing. 1 +
H O H H dative covalent bond

6.

+ (b) Dilute sulphuric acid: (1) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with magnesium to give hydrogen and magnesium sulphate. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g) 1 (2) Dilute sulphuric acid acts as an acid. Concentrated sulphuric acid: (1) Hot and concentrated sulphuric acid reacts with magnesium to give sulphur dioxide, magnesium sulphate and water. 1 Mg(s) + 2H2SO4(l) MgSO4(s) + 2H2O(g) + SO2(g) 1 (2) Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent. 1 (c) C12H22O11(s)
conc. H2SO4 heat

7.

12C(s) + 11H2O(g) 1 8 5. (a) A and D

HOOC OC COOH

+ + n HOCH2CH2OH(s)
n

COOCH2CH2O

+ (2n 1) H2O 1

(b) (i) E
NH2
n CH3CH2CHCOOH

O HNCHC CH2 CH3 n + (n 1)H2O

(ii) C
CH3
n CH2

CH3 CH2C O C n OH

(a) H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l) 1 (b) Standard enthalpy change of neutralization 1 (c) All the three values H 1, H 2 and H 3 are negative. Increasing order of magnitude: H 2, H 1, H 3 (H 3 is the most negative.) 1 All the three reactions use 1 mole of acid and 1 mole of alkali. In reaction (3), the dissolving of solid sodium hydroxide in water is a highly exothermic process. Hence H 3 is the most negative. 1 In reaction (2), CH3COOH is a weak acid. Most CH3COOH exists in molecular form. CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq) Energy is required to ionize CH3COOH into ions during neutralization. Hence, H 2 is the least negative. 1 5 (a) Anode (oxidation): Zn(s) + 2OH(aq) ZnO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e 1 Cathode (reduction): Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) + 2e 2Ag(s) + 2OH(aq) 1 (b) Silver oxide cell and zinc-carbon cell are non-rechargeable (primary cells) while lithium ion cell is rechargeable (secondary cell). 1 (c) (i) A TV remote control does not require a large current and is used only intermittently. Silver oxide cell is not used because it does not have the right size. Lithium ion cell is not used because it is very expensive. Zinc-carbon cell is used because it has the right size and is inexpensive. 1 (ii) A mobile phone requires a large and steady current and may be used continuously for a period of time. Silver oxide cell is not used because its current is small.

CCOOH

1 5

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Zinc-carbon cell is not used because it does not provide a steady current, especially after being used continuously for some time. Lithium ion cell is used because it can provide a large and steady current for a long time. 8. (a) Perform a flame test. The colour of the flame is lilac (crimson through cobalt glass) if K+ is present. (b) Anion Y is SO3 (aq). Ba (aq) forms white precipitate of BaSO 3(s) with SO 32(aq). However, the white precipitate redissolves to give SO2(g) on the addition of hydrochloric acid. Ba (aq) + SO3 (aq) BaSO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ba2+(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) However, when SO32(aq) is first treated with Cl2(aq), it is oxidized to SO42(aq). Ba2+(aq) still forms white precipitate of BaSO4(s) with SO42(aq). But BaSO4 does not redissolve in hydrochloric acid. Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) + SO32(aq)
2+ 2 2+ 2

Air pollutants due to high temperature of the combustion engine: (Max: 2) Nitrogen oxides, NxOy At high temperature in the combustion engine , N2 in air reacts with O2 to give NO, which is then further converted to NO2. N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) 2NO2(g)

1 7 1 1

(Equations are optional) Harmful effects: Generate photochemical smog which is harmful to respiratory system. NO2 dissolves in rain water to form acid rain which corrodes building structure, damages plants and kills aquatic lives.

BaSO3(s)

Effective communication (3 marks) The ability to present ideas in a precise manner, including the proper use of chemical terms (this mark should not be awarded to answers which contain a lot of incorrect / superfluous material); The ability to present ideas in a systematic manner (i.e. the answer is easy to follow); The ability to present the answer in paragraph form and to express ideas using full sentences.

1 6

1 1 1 3

9.

2H+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) + SO42(aq) 1 Ba2+(aq) + SO42(aq) BaSO4(s) 5 Air pollutants due to incomplete combustion: (Max: 4) Carbon particulates, unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide They are formed due to incomplete combustion of gasoline in the combustion engine. Harmful effects: 1 1

Carbon particulates: cause disease in respiratory system, lung cancer Unburnt hydrocarbon: carcinogenic Carbon monoxide: forms carboxyhaemoglobin with haemoglobin in blood. Blocks the transfer of oxygen to different parts of body. People may die because of lack of oxygen.

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