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Qu trnh tng hp vi tn gi Fischer-Tropsch (FT) c pht minh t nm 1923 bi hai nh ha hc c F. Fischer v H. Tropsch thuc Vin nghin cu than Kaiser Wilhelm (Mulheim, c)
Trn c s cc kh trong m than, pht minh ca Fischer-Tropsch cho php bin cc cht kh thnh nhin liu lng theo phn ng:
Cc cht xc tc quan trng nht da trn cc nguyn t st (Fe) hoc Cobalt (Co).
Ty theo iu kin, cc sn phm to ra bao gm cc Hydrocacbon nh (C1 - C2), LPG (C3 - C4), naphtha (C5 - C11), diesel (C12 - C20), hoc sp (>C20).
m bo hiu qu v gim chi ph, cc nh my sn xut theo cng ngh PT thng c xy dng gn cng hoc knh rch ln vn chyn bng ng thy thay cho vn chuyn bng ng b.
Nguyn liu: Sn xut kh tng hp theo cng ngh Fischer-Tropsch cn mt s lng ln sinh khi, v vy g v rm r l hai vt liu quan trng pht trin k thut ny. Cht thi hu c t ngi v ng vt cng c th sn xut nhng s lng t. Sinh khi thc vt thng c s lng ln v l ngun c th ti to.
Thu gom: Dng xe ti thu gom sinh khi: Chi ph vn chuyn cao (Vt liu rm c s lng ln nhng mt nng lng khng nhiu). Chuyn i c v rm thnh bn sinh hc thng qua thit b Flash- Pyrolysis : gip nn cht rm gim chi ph vn chuyn v gip x l d dng hn. Chuyn i g bng qu trnh Torrefaction hoc nhit phn mt ln na trc khi vn chuyn bng tu n cc c s sn xut.
C hai phng thc nhit phn sn xut Biosyngas (H2 v CO) t sinh khi: - dng nhit thp (800-1000 C) c cht xc tc b sung - hoc dng nhit cao (1200-1400 C) khng cn xc tc
Cn hai thp phn ng hot ng khong 800-1000C. H2 v CO thng hnh thnh ~ 50% v 50% cn li l CH4 v hydrocarbon hch di hn (hydrocarbon thm).
Phng php th hai thng i hi nhit cao ti 1200C1400 C Ch cn mt tha1po nhit phn. Tt c cc sinh khi hon ton chuyn i thnh CO& H2.
Sn phm ha hc
Dung mi Nguyn liu sn xut ha cht -Cht bi trn. -Nha/Polymer -Si & cao su tng hp -Cht ty ra -Phn bn
90%
Oil refinery
Bottled gases
Fractional distillation
Gasoline
Petrochemical industry
Alkenes, aromatics cracking & reforming Petrochemicals Raw materials
Distilling tower
Products
Crude oil
>700 degrees F
Du th
Nhin liu
Nguyn liu th
San phm
Thc vt
Sinh khi
(fuel)
Hat
(feedstocks for industry)
Biotechnology
Palm 31%
Soybean 28%
Rapeseed 15%
124 triu tn
Source: USDA
Crepis palaestina Conjugated Fatty Acid Crepis alpina Medium chain Fatty Acid Sterculia foetida
Coriandrum sativum
Wax ester
Simmondsia chinensis
Riccinus comunis
Momordica charantica
Genes
Sau khi ti u hoa cu truc hoa hc ca mt s du thc vt, kh nng sn xut du se tr nn hiu qu kinh t cao va co th thu c vi sn lng ln p ng nhu cu thi trng !
Hydroxy f. acid
(Cht bi trn, my phm, dc liu)
Epoxy f. acid
(cht phu b mt, cht deo, resins)
conjugated f. acids
(superior drying oils)
Wax esters
(cht bi trn)
C s sinh hoa hoc ap dung cng ngh sinh hoc cai thit du sinh hoc
Hydroxylase
O
PC
-12 desaturase
O
Acetylenase
PC
Epoxygenase
O
Linoleic Conjugase
O
PC
PC
Cht lng tt Gi thnh hp l Tn dung c c s cng ngh ch bin hin hu. Hn ch nguy c nh hng ln mi t nhin. C th nhn din ro rng khi so snh vi cy ly du thc phm. Khng c nguy c lai to cho vi cy trng khc. Thun li cho cc k thut di truyn khc nhau.
Crop
Crambe
u im
Nng sut cao, phn b rng, tng ng cao vi Arabidopsis Nng sut cao, phn b rng, tng ng cao vi Arabidopsis, c chuyn gene,
Nhc im
Nt ht, mt nng sut L thc phm mt s ni 5-10 yrs 5 yrs
Bng
Lanh
L thc phm mt s ni
Cng ngh ch bin cha ph hp Nng sut cn thp
5 yrs
Thuc l
10 yrs
Brassica carinata
5 yrs