Comparative Politics of 20th Century Latin America PLSC 20710 Erica Simmons (ericas@uchicago.

edu) and Juan Fernando Ibarra Del Cueto (jfibarra@uchicago.edu)

Description of the course: Over the past 100 years, Latin American countries have experienced major swings in their dynamics of governance, social relations, and economic structures. As an incredibly diverse region, Latin America has witnessed the emergence of successful revolutions, ruthless dictatorships, the rise and fall of mass labor movements, the surge of identity politics, and the application of a wide variety of economic development strategies. This course will seek to explore and explain these, as well as other, major political and economic trends in twentieth century Latin America. While students are encouraged to take seriously the heterogeneous nature of the region, one of the main goals of the course is to challenge them to think analytically about social and political patterns that emerge when comparing the social and political trajectories of these countries. After a brief introduction to the method and the region, the course moves on to explore the nineteenth century roots of twentieth century politics. Students will then read about the dynamics of populism and import substitution industrialization in the 1930s and 1940s, revolutions in the 50s, 60s, and 70s, and the rise of authoritarianism. The final weeks will cover transitions to democracy, economic reforms, social movements, and challenges to contemporary governance. Students should leave the course with an excellent grasp of major concepts and themes in Latin American politics as well as an understanding of how to employ comparative methods to better understand political phenomena. Course requirements/grading: 1) Readings. We have tried to ensure that you have no more than 125 pages of reading per class session and 250 pages per week. You will be required to participate in weekly discussions. We expect intelligent contributions that demonstrate a mastery of the reading assignments. Participation will count towards 20% of your grade. 2) Map Quiz. There will be a map quiz on the second day of class. It will be pass/fail. You must pass the quiz to pass the course. If you have two or more wrong answers on the quiz you cannot pass. If you do not pass the quiz on the first try, you will have other opportunities during the quarter to do so. If you do pass on the first try, you will get 5% extra credit towards your final grade.

3) Papers. You will write five 3-4 page papers answering one of the weeks discussion questions. These questions will be posted on chalk every week on Thursday and papers will be due on the following Wednesday by 6 pm via email to both instructors. You should also bring two printed copies of your paper to class on Thursday. The papers will count towards 50% of your grade. 4) Exam. There will be a final exam on the material covered during the quarter. The format of the exam is TBD. The exam will count towards 30% of your grade.

Readings: The following books will be available for purchase at the Seminary Co-op bookstore:

Domnguez, Jorge and Michael Shifter eds., 2008. Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America 3rd edition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). ODonnell, Guillermo and Philippe Schmitter, 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins). Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith, 2005. Modern Latin America (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Valenzuela, Arturo, 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). Conniff, Michael, 1999. Populism in Latin America (Birmingham: University of Alabama Press).

Additional readings will be available online through Chalk or e-reserves.

Course overview: Week 1: Introduction to the Method and the Region Session 1: Introduction to the method Further readings: Selected interviews from Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, eds. 2007. Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press): David Collier Philippe Schmitter Adam Przeworski Munck, The Past and Present of Comparative Politics

Session 2: Introduction to the region **MAP QUIZ** Wynia, Gary, 1990. The Politics of Latin American Development, 3rd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press): 24-101 (Note: available through e-reserves and in-class handout) Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith, 2005. Modern Latin America. (Oxford: Oxford University Press): Prologue, Chapter 1 and 2.

Week 2: State building and neocolonialism in the late nineteenth century Session 1: The formation of nations and states Centeno, Miguel. 1997, Blood and Debt: War and Taxation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. American Journal of Sociology 102(6): 1565605. Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined communities : reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. (New York: Verso): Chapter 4. Tilly, Charles, 1985. War Making and State Making as Organized Crime in Peter Evans, Dietrich Reuschmeyer and Theda Skocpol (eds) Bringing the State Back In. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): pp. 169-191.

Session 2: Enclave development and dependency Halperin Donghi, Tulio, 1993. The Contemporary History of Latin America. (Durham: Duke University Press): Chapter 5.

Cardoso, Fernando Henrique and Enzo Falleto, 1979. Dependency and Development in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press): Chapter 3. Cardenas, Enrique, Jos Antonio Ocampo, and Rosemary Thorpe, 2000. An economic history of twentieth-century Latin America, first volume (New York: Palgrave): Chapter 1.

Week 3: Populism and the Rise of Import Substitution Industrialization Session 1: Populism and the Mexican, Brazilian and Argentine Cases Conniff, Michael, ed. 1999, Populism in Latin America (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press): Chapters 1, 2, and 3. Knight, Allan. 1991. The Rise and Fall of Cardenismo in Leslie Bethell, ed., Mexico Since Independence (New York: Cambridge University Press): pp. 241-320

Session 2: Import Substitution Industrialization Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith, 2005. Modern Latin America (Oxford: Oxford University Press): pp. 43-57 Green, Duncan, 2005. State versus Market: The Rise and Fall of Import Substitution in Peter Kingstone, Readings in Latin American Politics, Ch. 3.1, pp. 68-83. Cardenas, Enrique, Jos Antonio Ocampo, and Rosemary Thorpe, 2000. An economic history of twentieth-century Latin America, third volume (New York: Palgrave): Chapter 1. Hirschman, Albert O., 1968, The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82:1: 1-32.

Week 4: A Different Path: Revolutions Session 1: The Cuban Revolution Castaeda, Jorge, 1993. Utopia Unarmed (New York: Vintage): pp. 51-89 Eckstein, Susan Eva, 1994. Back From the Future: Cuba Under Castro (Princeton: Princeton University Press): pp. 3-59 Welch, Jr., Richard E., 1985. Response to Revolution: The United States and the

Cuban Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press): pp. 3-26 Luxenberg, Alan, 1988. Did Eisenhower Push Castro into the Arms of the Soviets? Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 30:1: pp. 37-64 Session 2: Valenzuela, Arturo, 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 3-80 Wickham Crowley, Timothy, 2001. Winners, Losers, and Also-Rans: Towards a Comparative Sociology of Latin American Guerrilla Movements, in Susan Eckstein ed., Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements (Berkeley: University of California Press): pp. 132-180. Goodwin, Jeff, 2001. No Other Way Out (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): pp. 142-178.

Week 5: Political Regimes I: Authoritarian convergence Session 1: Elites, social coalitions, and political regimes in the region, an overview Lipset, Seymour M., 1959. Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy, American Political Science Review 53:1: pp. 69-105. Rueschemeyer, D., Stephens, E.H., and Stephens, J.D., 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press): pp. 155-225. Session 2: Different routes to (and forms of) authoritarian rule in Latin America Huntington, Samuel P., 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies, (New Haven: Yale University Press): pp. 1-11, 32-59, 78-92. Mahoney, James, 2001. Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change: Central America in Comparative Perspective, Studies in Comparative Political Development, 36:1: pp. 111-141. Middlebrook, Kevin, 1995. The Paradox of Revolution: Labor, The State, and Authoritarianism in Mexico. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 1-38. Collier, David, 1979. Overview of the Bureaucratic Authoritarian Model in David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, (Princeton: Princeton University Press): pp. 19-32

Week 6: Political Regimes II: Transitions from authoritarian rule and the consolidation of democracy Session 1: Overview ODonnell, Guillermo and Philippe Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 15-72 Mainwaring, Scott and Anbal Prez Lin, 2005. Latin American Democratization since 1978: Democratic Transitions, Breakdowns, and Erosions, in Hagopian and Mainwaring, eds., The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America: Advances and Setbacks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): pp. 14-59. Remmer, Karen, 1992. The Process of Democratization in Latin America, Studies in Comparative International Development, 27:4: pp. 1-24. Session 2: Cases and Legacies Lawson, Chappell, 2000. Mexicos Unfinished Transition: Democratization and Authoritarian Enclaves, Mexican Studies, 16:2: pp. 267-287. Hunter, Wendy, 1997. Continuity or Change? Civil-Military Relations in Democratic Argentina, Chile, and Peru, Political Science Quarterly, 112: 3: pp. 353375 Karl, Terry Lynn, 1995. The Hybrid Regimes of Central America, Journal of Democracy, 6:3: pp. 72-86

Week 7: The Debt Crisis, Economic Reforms, and The Washington Consensus Session 1: Williamson, John, 1990. What Washington Means by Policy Reform. In Williamson, ed. Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened? (Institute of International Economics). Online: www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?researchID-486 Weyland, Kurt, 1998. Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Sources of Popular Support for Neoliberal Reform in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies 31: 5: pp. 539568 Edwards, Sebastian, 1995. Crisis and Reform in Latin America: From Despair to Hope (Oxford University Press): pp. 41-58.

Silva, Eduardo, 2009. Challenging Neoliberalism in Latin America. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): pp. 103-146. Session 2: Movie: La historia oficial, dir. Luis Puenzo (Argentina, 1985) Week 8: Political institutions Session 1: Presidentialism and informal institutions ODonnell, Guillermo, 1994. Delegative Democracy? Journal of Democracy, 5:1. pp. 55-69. Mainwaring, Scott, 1993. Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: the Difficult Combination, Comparative Political Studies, 26:2: pp. 198-228. Helmke, Gretchen and Steven Levitsky, 2004. Informal institutions and democracy: lessons from Latin America, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 1-30.

Session 2: Parties

Mainwaring, Scott and Timothy Scully, 1995. Introduction: Party Systems in Latin America, in Mainwaring and Scully eds., Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press): pp. 1-34. Weyland, Kurt, 1996. Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected Affinities, Studies in Comparative International Development, 31:3: pp. 135-157. Burgess, Katrina, and Steven Levitsky, 2003. Environmental and Organizational Determinants of Party Change in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, Comparative Political Studies 36:8: pp. 881-911.

Week 9: Social Movements and Other Actors Session 1: Navarro, Marysa, 2001. The Personal is Political: Las Madres de Plaza del Mayo, in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power and Popular Protest (Berkeley: University of California Press): pp. 241-258.

Yashar, Deborah, 2005. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 54-82 and 240-250. Harvey, Neil, 1995. Rebellion in Chiapas, Third World Quarterly, 16:1: pp. 39-74. McClintock, Cynthia, 1984. Why Peasants Rebel: The Case of Perus Sendero Luminoso, World Politics 37:1: pp. 48-84.

Session 2: Murillo, Mara Victoria, 2003. Latin American Labor, in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 100-117. (NOTE: THIS IS IN E-RESERVE AS IT IS THE 2nd EDITION). Htun, Mala, 2008. Political Inclusion and Social Inequality in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins). Sikkink, Kathryn, 1996. Nongovernmental Organizations, Democracy, and Human Rights in Latin America in Tom Farer ed., Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 150-168.

Week 10: The Rise of the Left and Contemporary Challenges Session 1: Overview Domnguez, Jorge, 2008. Three Decades of Democratic Transitions in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins): pp. 323-352. Cleary, Matthew, 2006. Explaining the Lefts Resurgence Journal of Democracy, 17:4: pp. 35-49. Corrales, Javier, 2008. The Backlash Against Market Reforms in Latin America in the 2000s, in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins), pp. 39-71.

Session 2: Cases Dresser, Denise, 2008. Mexico: Dysfunctional Democracy in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins)

McKinley, James C., Jr. Mexicos War Against Drugs Kills Its Police. The New York Times May 26, 2008. Boas, Taylor, 2008. Venezuelas Prospects for Democracy, Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies (Spring): pp. 54-57 Levitsky, Steven, 2008. Argentina: Democracy and Institutional Weakness in Domnguez and Shifter, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins). Finnegan, William. An Old Fashioned Coup. The New Yorker, November 30, 2009. The Economist. Piera Promises a Gallop. January 23, 2010.