Name : Nur Azilah bt Bahruddin Class : MO4Q Topic : Reaction of Iodine and propanone PRACTICAL 14 Data Collection ( i ) Experiment

1 (without starch) Experiment Volume of 2M HCl (cm3) Volume of 2M propanone 2M (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Volume of 0.01M Iodine (cm3) Time taken for colour to disappear (s) Run 1 20 8 0 4 31.25 Run 2 10 8 10 4 66.31 Run 3 20 4 4 4 66.88 Run 4 20 8 2 2 18.69

Table 1.0: Time taken for the yellow colour of iodine to disappear ( ii ) Experiment 2 (with starch) Experiment Volume of 2M HCl (cm3) Volume of 2M propanone 2M (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Volume of 0.01M Iodine (cm3) Volume of starch solution (cm3) Time taken for colour change from clear solution to blue coloured (s) Run 1 20 8 0 4 5 31.25 Run 2 10 8 10 4 5 66.31 Run 3 20 4 4 4 5 66.88 Run 4 20 8 2 2 5 18.69

Table 1.1: Time taken colour change from clear solution to blue coloured

Data processing Chemical Equation;

CH3COCH3 (aq) + I2 (aq) CH3COCH2I + H+ (aq) + I- (aq)

Rate of reaction are calculated using the formula, R=V T R = Rate of reaction V = Volume of iodine used T = Time taken for colour of iodine to disappear

Concentration of reactant are calculated using the formula, M1V1 = M2V2 M1 = Molarity of HCl V1 = Volume of HCl used V2 = Volume of the mixture (HCl + water) Run 1 20 8 0 4 31.25 0.13 Run 2 10 8 10 4 66.31 0.06 Run 3 20 4 4 4 66.88 0.06 Run 4 20 8 2 2 18.69 0.12

Experiment Volume of 2M HCl (cm3) Volume of 2M propanone 2M (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Volume of 0.01M Iodine (cm3) Time taken for colour to disappear (s) Rate (Volume of I2 (aq) / time )

Table 2.0: Rate of reaction of the process Runs HCl concentration (mol dm-3) Propanone concentration (mol dm-3) Iodine concentration (mol dm-3) Rate of reaction (mol dm-3 s-1) 1 2 2 0.01 0.13 2 1 2 0.01 0.06 3 2 1 0.01 0.06 4 2 2 0.005 0.12

Table 2.1: Concentration of reactants and rate of reaction

Experiment Volume of 2M HCl (cm3) Volume of 2M propanone 2M (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Volume of 0.01M Iodine (cm3) Volume of starch solution (cm3) Time taken for colour change from clear solution to blue coloured (s) Rate(Volume of I2 (aq) / time )

Run 1 20 8 0 4 5 22.25 0.18

Run 2 10 8 10 4 5 42.66 0.09

Run 3 20 4 4 4 5 47.79 0.08

Run 4 20 8 2 2 5 11.28 0.18

Table 2.3: Rate of reaction of the process Runs HCl concentration (mol dm-3) Propanone concentration (mol dm-3) Iodine concentration (mol dm-3) Rate of reaction (mol dm-3 s-1) 1 2 2 0.01 0.18 2 1 2 0.01 0.09 3 2 1 0.01 0.08 4 2 2 0.005 0.18

Table 2.4: Concentration of reactants and rate of reaction 1. In the experiment, i. When HCl concentration is 2M, the reaction rate is 0.13, in the second run, the HCl concentration has been halved to 1 mol dm-3. The rate of reaction is also halved from 0.13 to 0.06. ii. Meaning that the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of HCl. iii. The reaction is said to be first order with respect to HCl. 2. In the third run, the propanone concentration has been halved to 1 mol dm-3 while the HCl concentration and iodine concentration remain constant. The reaction rate is also halved from 0.13 to 0.06 correspondents to the halving of propanone concentration. We can conclude that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of propanone. The reaction is said to be first order with respect to propanone. 3. In the fourth run, the iodine concentration has been halved to 0.005 mol dm-3 while the HCl concentration and iodine concentration remain constant. The reaction however, is not affected upon changes in iodine concentration. The reaction is said to be zero first order with respect to iodine.

4. From the three extract above, a rate late can be constructed. i. The reaction is first order with respect to HCl. ii. The reaction rate is first order with respect to propanone

Reaction rate = k [HCl] [CH3COCH3]

With k = rate constant With overall order of reaction = 2 8. The unit of rate constant can be deduced using the rate law equation ` Rate = k [HCl] [CH3COCH3] mol dm-3 s-1 = k (mol dm-3) ( mol dm-3) = mol dm-3 s-1 (mol dm-3) = dm-3 mol-1 s-1

Discussion 1. Rate equation relates the rate of reaction to the concentration of reactants raised to appropriate power. Rate equation however can only be obtained experimentally in the rate equation. It shows that the reaction rate depends on the concentration of reactants. In this experiment, the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the concentration of propanone. 2. The reaction is said to be first order with respect to both, concentration of HCl and concentration of propanone. Order of reaction is the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate equation. The overall order of reaction is the sum of the powers of concentration terms in the rate equation. In the experiment, the overall order of reaction is 2. This is due to each concentration of reactant has been raised up to the power of 1. 3. The rate of reaction is said to be zero order with respect to iodine concentration. The reaction rate does not depend on the concentration of the reactants.