Cu 1.

Mt ngun sng c cng sut P=2W, pht ra nh sng c bc sng =0,597m ta ra u theo
mi hng. Nu coi ng knh con ngi ca mt l 4mm v mt cn c th cm nhn c nh sng
khi ti thiu c 80 phtn lt vo mt trong 1s. B qua s hp th phtn ca mi trng. Khong cch
xa ngun sng nht m mt cn trng thy ngun l
A. 27 km
B. 470 km
C. 6 km
D. 274 km
P
Gii: Cng sng I ti im cch ngun R c tnh theo cng thc: I =
.
4R 2
Nng lng nh sng m mt c th nhn c:
P d 2
hc
Pd 2
d 2
W = IS = I
=
=
(d ng knh mt) m W = 80
---->
2
2

4
4
4R
16R
hc
Pd 2
Pd 2
80
=
----->
R
=
= 0,274.106 (m) = 274 (km). Chn p n D
16R 2
16.80hc
Cu 2: Gii hn quang in ca km l 0,350m, ca ng l 0,300m. Nu ln lt chiu bc x c
bc sng 0,320m vo mt tm km tch in dng v mt tm ng tch in m t c lp th:
A. Tm km vn tch in dng, tm ng vn tch in m nh trc
B. Tm km vn tch in dng, tm ng dn tr nn trung ho v in.
C. in tch dng ca tm km cng ln dn, tm ng s mt dn in tch m;
D. Tm km v tm ng u dn tr nn trung ho v in;
Chn p n C v
KT < 0Zn hin tng quang in xy ra, tm km mt bt electron, in tch dng ca tm km
tng ln. Cn tm ng mt dn in tch m do tc dng nhit ca bc x chiu vo (s bc x nhit
electron)
Cu 3 Hiu in th hm ca mt t bo quang in l 1,5 V. t vo hai u anot (A) v catot (K) ca

t bo quang in trn mt in p xoay chiu: uAK = 3 cos ( 100t + ) (V). Khong thi gian dng
3

in chy trong t bo ny trong 2 pht u tin l:

A. 60s.
B. 70s.
C 80s.

D 90s

Gii: Dng in chy qua t bo khi uAK -1,5 V. Cn c vng trn lng gic suy ra trong mi chu k
T = 0,02 s thi gian chy qua t bo l

2T
= 0,04/3 (s). Trong 2 pht, (s chu k 120:0,02 = 6000) thi
3

gian chy qua l: t = 2.120/3 = 80 s. Chn p n C

-1,5V

Cu 4: Mc nng lng ca ng t hidro c biu thc En= -13.6/n2 eV. Khi kch thch ng t hidro t
qu o dng m ln qu o n bng nng lng 2.55eV, thy bn knh qu o tng 4 ln .bc sng
nh nht m ng t hidro c th pht ra l:
A:1,46.10-6 m
B:9,74.10-8 m
C:4,87.10-7 m
D:1,22.10-7 m
Gii: rm = m2r0; rn = n2r0
( vi r0 bn knh Bo)
2
rn
1
1
n
= 2 = 4----> n = 2m----> En Em = - 13,6 ( 2 - 2 ) eV = 2,55 eV
rm
n
m
m
1
1
3
-----> - 13,6 (
13,6. = 2,55------> m = 2; n = 4
2 2 ) eV = 2,55 eV------>
4m
m
4m 2

bc sng nh nht m ng t hidro c th pht ra l:

1
hc
15
= E4 E1 = -13,6.( 2 - 1) eV = 13,6
,1,6.10-19 = 20,4. 10-19 (J)

16
n
hc
6,625.10 34 3.10 8
-----> =
=
= 0,974.10-7m = 9,74.10-8m . Chn p n B
E 4 E1
20,4.10 19

Cu 5: Cng thot ca kim loi A l 3,86 eV; ca kim loi B l 4,34 eV. Chiu mt bc x c tn s f
=1,5.1015 Hz vo qu cu kim loi lm bng hp kim AB t c lp th qu cu tch in n in th
cc i l Vmax. qu cu tch in n in th cc i l 1,25Vmax th bc sng ca bc x in
t chiu vo qu cu c ln xp x bng
A. 0,176m B. 0,283m C. 0,183m D. 0,128m
Gii:
hf = AA + eVAmax = AB + eVBmax Do AB > AA nn VAmx > VBmax ------. Vmax = VAmax
hf = AA + eVAmax (*)
hf = AA + 1,25eVAmax (**) = AA + 1,25( hf AA) = 1,25hf 0,25AA
f = 1,25f 0,25AA/h = 1,642 .1015 Hz
Bc sng ca bc x in t chiu vo qu cu c ln :
c

3.10 8

= f ' =
0,183m. Chn p n C
1,642.1015 '
Cu 6. Mt b pin quang in gm nhiu pin mc ni tip. Din tch tng cng ca cc pin l 0,4 m2.
Dng nh sng chiu vo b pin c cng 1000 W/m2. Khi cng dng in m b pin cung cp
cho mch ngoi l 2,85A th in p o c hai cc ca b pin l 20 V. Hiu sut ca b pin l
A. 43,6% B. 14,25% C. 12,5% D. 28,5%
Gii: Cng sut nh sng chiu vo din tch b mt b pin: P = 1000. 0,4 = 400 W.
Cng sut tiu th mch ngoi: P = UI = 57 W
Hiu sut ca b pin H =

P'
57
=
= 0,1425 = 14,25% Chn p n B
P
400

Cu 7: Ngi ta dng mt loi laze c cng sut P = 12 W lm dao m. Tia laze chiu vo ch m s
lm nc phn m ch bc hi v m b ct. Nhit dung ring ca nc l 4186 J/kg.. Nhit ha
hi ca nc l L = 2260 kJ/kg, nhit c th l 37oC, khi lng ring ca nc 1000 kg/m3. Th tch
nc m tia laze lm bc hi trong 1s l
A. 4,557 mm3.
B. 7,455 mm3. C. 4,755 mm3
D. 5,745 mm3.
Gii:
Gi m l khi lng nc bc hi
P t = m(ct + L) --------> m =
V=

Pt
ct + L

V=

Pt
m
=
---->
D (ct + L)
D

12.1
= 4,75488.10-9 m3 = . 4,755 mm3 Chn p n C
10 ( 4186.63 + 2260.10 3 )
3

Cu 8: Trong ng Cu-lit-gi electron c tng tc bi mt in trng rt mnh v ngay trc khi p

vo i ant n c tc 0,8c. Bit khi lng ban u ca electron l 0,511Mev/c2. Bc sng ngn
nht ca tia X c th pht ra:
A. 3,64.10-12 m B. 3,64.10-12 m C. 3,79.10-12 m D. 3,79.1012m
Gii:
Cng m electron nhn c khi n anot A = W = (m m0)c2
m0
m=

m0

m0

=
v2 =
1 0,8 2 0,6
1 2
c
Bc sng ngn nht ca tia X c th pht ra tnh theo cng thc:

hc

hc
3hc
1
= (m m0)c -----> =
=
2 = m c2 (

1
)
( m m0 )c
2m0 c 2
0

0,6

hc

3hc
3.6,625.10 34.3.10 8
=
=
= 3,646.10-12m. Chn p n B
2m0 c 2
2.0,511.1,6.10 13

E0
(
n2
E0 = 13, 6eV , n = 1, 2,3, 4... ). c th bc x ti thiu 6 photon th Nguyn t H phi hp th photon
c mc nng lng l:
A. 12,75 eV
B.10,2 eV
C. 12,09 eV
D. 10,06 eV
Cu 9: Cho mc nng lng ca nguyn t hirdo xc nh bng cng thc En =

Gii: c th bc x ti thiu 6 photon

nguyn t Hiro phi hp th photon chuyn
ln qu o t N tr ln tc l n 4
Nng lng ca photon hp th
E4 E1 = E0(

N: n =4
M: n = 3
L: n =2
K: n = 1

1
1
2 ) = -13,6.(-15/16) eV=12,75eV
2
4
1

Chn p n A
Cu 10: Ngun sng th nht c cng sut P1 pht ra nh sng n sc c bc sng 1 = 450nm . Ngun
sng th hai c cng sut P2 pht ra nh sng n sc c bc sng 2 = 0, 60 m . Trong cng mt khong
thi gian, t s gia s photon m ngun th nht pht ra so vi s photon m ngun th hai pht ra l 3:1. T
s P1 v P2 l:
A. 4.
B. 9/4
C. 4/3.
D. 3.
P1
N 1 2
0,6
N 1 hc
N 2 hc
Gii P1 =
P2 =
--->
=
= 3 0,45 = 4. Chn p n A
P2
N 2 1
t 1
t 2
Cu 11. T bo quang in c hai in cc phng cch nhau d = 1 cm, gii hn quang in l 0; UAK =
4,55 V. Chiu vo catt mt tia sng n sc c bc sng = 0/2, cc quang electron ri vo ca tt
trn mt mt trn bn knh R = 1 cm. Bc sng 0 nhn gi tr:
A. 1,092 m. B. 2,345 m. C. 3,022 m. D. 3,05 m.
Gii: gii cc bi tp dng ny ta vn dng cc kin thc v cng thc sau
Cc quang e bt ra khi catt c vn tc ban u cc i v0max c xc nh theo cng thc Anhxtanh v
hin tng quang in:
hc hc mv02max
v0max
K
=
+
Cc quang e bt ra khi catt theo cc
0
2
hng khc nhau v chuyn ng v ant, trong cc
d
quang e bay ra theo hng song song vi mt phng catt
s ri xa nht, phn ngoi cng ca mt trn, bn knh
A
R chnh l tm bay xa ca cc quang e ny: R = v0max t
R
vi t l thi gian chuyn ng ca quang e t K n A
Lc tc dng ln e c ln F = eE = eU/d = ma vi a l gia tc ca quang e.d = s = at2/2.
Gii bi tp cho:
Gia tc ca quang e chuyn ng t K v A a = eUAK/md. thi gian chuyn ng ca e t K v A
t=

2d
=
a

2md 2
=
eU AK

2.9,1.10 3110 4
= 1,58.10 8 (s)
1,6.10 19.4,55

v0max = R/t = 0,01/1,58.10-8 (m/s)= 0,6329 .106 m/s

hc hc mv 02max
2hc hc mv 02max
hc mv02max
=
+
=
+
=
------->
----->
0
2
0
0
2
0
2

0 =

2hc
2.6,625.10 34.3.10 8
=
= 1,09.10-6 (m) = 1,09 m. Chn p n A
mv02max
9,1.10 31.0,6329 2.1012

Gii: p dng cng thc rn = n2r0 qu o O ng vi n = 5 r5 = 25r0 = 25. 0,53.10-10 = 13,25.10-10 m =

13,25A0. Khi electron chuyn ng trn qu o trn bn knh r th lc tnh in gia ht nhn v
e2
mv 2
electron F = 9.109 2 ng vai tr l lc hng tm Fht =
------>
r
r
9.10 91,6 2.10 38
e2
mv 2
9.10 9 e 2
= 9.109 2 -------> v =
=
= 0,437.106 m/s 4,4.105m/s.
9,1.10 3113,25.10 10
r
mr
r
Chn p n C: r = 13,25A0 v = 4,4.105m/s.
Cu 13: chiu bc x c tn s f1 vo qu cu kim laoij t c lp th xy ra hin tng quang in vi
in th cc i ca qu cu l V1 v ng nng ban u cc i ca electron quang in ng bng mt
phn ba cng thot ca kim loi. chiu tip bc x c tn s f2=f1+f vo qu cu kim loi th in th
cc i ca qu l 7V1. hi chiu ring bc x c tn s f vo qu cu kim loi trn (ang trung ha
in) th in th cc i ca qu cu l:
p s: 3V1
mv02max
Gii: in th ca qu cu t c khi e(Vmax 0) =
= eU h
2
mv12
mv 2
ta c hf1 = A +
= A + eV1
(1)
Vi A = 3 1 = 3eV1 (2)
2
2
2
mv 21
mv 2
h(f1+ f) = A +
= A + eV2 = A + 7eV1 (3) hf = A +
= A + eV (4)
2
2
Ly (3) (1) : hf = 6eV1 ----> 6eV1 = A + eV------> eV = 6eV1 A = 3eV1 Do V = 3V1
Cu 14: Khi hiu in th hai cc ng Cu-lt -gi gim i 2000V th tc cc lectron ti ant gim
6000km/s. Tc lectron ti ant ban u:
A 5,86.107m/s. B 3,06.107m/s. C 4,5.107m/s. D 6,16.107m/s.
Gii. K hiu U = 2.103 (V) v = 6.106 m/s
2
mv 2 mv 0
Ta c W =
= eUAK (*)
vi v0 vn tc electron catot
2
2
2
m(v v ) 2 mv 0
W =
= e(UAK - U) .(**)
2
2
m(v v ) 2 mv 2
Ly (*) (**) --->
= eU ----> v =
2
2

2eU
+ (v) 2
6,16.107m/s. p n D.
m
2v

Cu 15. Mt ph tn c nng lng 1.79 eV bay qua hai nguyn t c mc kch thch 1.79 eV, nm trn
cng phng ca ph tn,Cc nguyn t c th trng thi c bn hay trng thi kch thch. Goi X l
s ph tn c th thu dc sau , theo phng ca ph tn ti. ch ra phng n sai
A. x = 0
B X=3
C. X = 1
D X=2
Gii. Theo l thuyt v pht x cm ng (hay pht x kch thch) khi mt nguyn t ang trng thi
kch thch, sn sng pht ra mt phtn c nng lng =hf m bt gp mt phtn ng bng hf bay
ngang qua th nguyn t lp tc pht ra phtn c cng nng lng v bay cng phng vi phtn
. Theo bi ra nu 2 nguyn t u trng thi c bn th c 1 phtn ti, nu 1 hoc c 2 nguyn t
trng thi kch thch th s c 2 hoc 3 phtn .
Do p cn chn l x = 0. Chn p n A

Cu 16: Cht lng fluorexein hp th nh sng kch thch c bc sng = 0,48m v pht ra nh c
bc sng = 0,64m. Bit hiu sut ca s pht quang ny l 90% (hiu sut ca s pht quang l t
s gia nng lng ca nh sng pht quang v nng lng ca nh sng kch thch trong mt n v
thi gian), s phtn ca nh sng kch thch chiu n trong 1s l 2012.10 10 ht. S phtn ca chm
sng pht quang pht ra trong 1s l
A. 2,6827.1012
B. 2,4144.1013
C. 1,3581.1013
D. 2,9807.1011
Gii: Cng sut ca nh sng kch thch P = N

hc

N s phtn ca nh sng kch thch pht ra trong

hc
N s phtn ca nh sng pht quang pht ra
'
P'
N'
=
trong 1s. Hiu sut ca s pht quang: H =
P
N '
0,64
'
10
13

1s. Cng sut ca nh sng pht quang:. P = N

------> N = NH

= 2012.10 . 0,9. 0,48 = 2,4144.10 . Chn p n B

Cu 16 Ca tt ca t bo quang in chn khng l mt tm kim loi phng c gii hn quang in 0
= 0,6 m. Chiu vo catt nh sng c bc sng = 0,5 m. Ant cng l tm kim loi phng cch
cott 1cm. Gia chng c mt hiu inn th 10 V. Tnh bn knh ln nht trn b mt ant c quang
electron p ti: A. R = 4,06 mm
B. R = 4,06 cm
C. R = 8,1 mm D. R = 6,2 cm
Gii Cc quang e bt ra khi catt c vn tc ban u cc i v0max c xc nh theo cng thc
Anhxtanh v hin tng quang in:
hc hc mv02max
=
+
------>
0
2

mv 02max
1
1
= hc ( ) v 0 max =
2
0

2hc 1
1
( )=
m 0

2.6,625.10 34.3.10 8 (0,6 0,5)

= 3,8.10 5 (m/s)
31
6
9,1.10
0,6.0,5.10

Cc quang e bt ra khi catt theo cc hng khc nhau v chuyn ng v ant, trong cc quang e
bay ra theo hng song song vi mt phng catt s ri xa nht, phn ngoi cng ca mt trn, bn
knh Rmax chnh l tm bay xa ca cc quang e ny: Rmax = v0max t vi t l thi gian chuyn ng ca
quang e t K n A Lc tc dng ln e c ln F = eE = eU/d = ma vi a l gia tc ca quang e.
d = s = at2/2. Gia tc ca quang e chuyn ng t K v A
v0max
K
a = eUAK/md. thi gian chuyn ng ca e t K v A
t=

2d
=
a

2md 2
=
eU AK
5

2.9,1.10 3110 4
= 1,067.10 8 (s)
1,6.10 19.10
-8

-3

Rmax = v0max t = 3,8.10 .1,067.10 = 4,0546.10 m

A
= 4,06 mm. Chn p n A
R
Cu 17: hai in cc bng canxi t gn nhau trong chn khng v
c ni vi 1 t in c in dung C =8nF. Chiu vo 1 trong 2 in cc vi thi gian lu bng nh
sng c tn s f = 1015Hz cho n khi dng quang in mt hon ton. Cng thot electron canxi l A=
2,7625eV.in tch q trn cc bn t khi d gn bng ( p s: 1,1.10-8C)
Gii: hf = A + eUh -----> eUh = hf A = 6,625.10-34.1015

1
1,6.10 19

- 2,7625 (eV)

= 4,1406 2,7625 (eV) = 1,3781 (eV) ----> Uh 1,3781 (V)

in tch q trn cc bn t khi d gn bng q = CUh = 1,3781.8.10-9 = 1,1. 10-8C.