USN58 Series

GE Inspection Technologies
Ultrasonics
USN 58 Series
Technical Reference and Operating Manual
Ident-Nr. 021-002-260
Contents
1 Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays ............. 1-1

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Battery installation ................................. 1-2 Powering On and Off the Instrument .... 1-5 Keypad and Knob Features ................... 1-5 USN 58 Menus and Functions ............... 1-8 1.4.1 Home Menu System ..................... 1-9 1.4.2 Test Menus and Functions ...........1-16 Display Screen Features .......................1-16 Definition of Display Icons ...................... 1-19 Features of the USN 58 ......................... 1-19 Whats in this Manual ...........................1-21 Overview of Optional Features ............. 1-23 1.8.1 Determing Which Optional Features are Installed in Your USN 58 ........1-23 1.8.2 How Options are Dealt with in This Manual ................................. 1-24
2 Setup and Calibration of the USN 58 . 2-1

2.1 Initial Instrument Setup ......................... Specifying the Installed Battery Type ....... 2.1.1 Regional Settings-Language, Units of Measurement, Date, and Time .. Setting the Operating Language ............... Setting the Date ....................................... Setting the Time ....................................... Setting the Units of Measurement ............ 2.1.2 Display Appearance ...................... Setting the Display Brightness ................. Selecting a Display Grid .......................... Selecting Reverse Video Mode58R ........ Setting the Display Color58L .................. Setting the A-Scan Color58L .................. Setting the A-Scan Style ......................... 2-2 2-2 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-8 2-8
1.5
1.6 1.7 1.8
2.2
Installing a Probe .................................. 2-8 2.2.1 Connecting a Probe ...................... 2-8 2.2.2 Configuring the Instrument to Match the Probe Type ................... 2-9
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Selecting Probe Type ............................... 2-9 Specifying the Probe Frequency .............. 2-9 Modifying the Signal Ratio to Noise by Changing the Damping Level .................. 2-11 2.3 Adjusting the A-Scan ............................ 2-11 2.3.1 Setting the A-Scan Range ........... 2-11 Setting The A-Scan Range ...................... 2-14 2.3.2 Setting the Display Delay ............ 2-14 2.3.3 Defining the Display Starting Point ............................................2-14 2.3.4 Adjusting the Pulser Repetition Frequency (PRF) ..........................2-15 2.3.5 Selecting a Rectification Mode .... 2-16 2.3.6 Selecting the Pulser Type ............ 2-17 2.3.7 Setting the Pulser VOLTAGE or ENERGY Level ............................ 2-18 2.3.8 Selecting the Pulser Width (SQUARE Pulser Types only) ....... 2-18 2.3.9 Setting the A-Scan REJECT Level ............................................2-19 2.4 Calibrating the Instrument .................... 2-19 2.4.1 Pre-calibration Check List ............2-19 2.4.2 Using AUTOCAL to Calibrate USN 58 Series Instruments .........2-20 Checking Calibration Results .................. 2-22
3 Configuring Your Instrument for Measurement ............................... 3-1

3.1 Configuring the A and B-Gates ............. 3.1.1 Positioning Gates ......................... Setting a Gates Starting Point ................. Adjusting a Gates Width .......................... Setting a Gates Threshold (Vertical Position) ..................................... 3.1.2 Selecting the Gate Detection Method ......................................... Setting the A-Scan Signal-Detection Method .................................................... 3.1.3 Selecting the Gate to be Magnified ...................................... 3.1.4 Setting Gate Alarms and TTL Outputs ................................. 3-2 3-4 3-4 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-8 3-8
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Defining Gate-Alarm Logic ....................... 3-9 Turning the Audible Alarm On or Off ......... 3-9 Assigning TTL Outputs / Alarm Indication Lights to Gates and/or Limits ................... 3-9 3.1.5 Clearing TTL Outputs and/or Warning Lights .............................3-10 3.1.6 Setting the Units of Amplitude Measurement ............................... 3-11 3.2 Setting the Minimum and Maximum Material-Thickness Limits ....................3-11 Setting the Minimum and Maximum Thickness Limits ....................................3-12 Setting the Freeze-Mode Action ...........3-12 Selecting the Freeze-Mode Action .......... 3-12 Using Angle Beam Probes and the TRIG Menu ......................................................3-14 3.4.1 Setting Angle Beam Probe Characteristics .............................3-15 3.4.2 Indicating Leg with Color (58L) .....3-16 Displaying Measured Readings ............3-16 Assigning Measured Readings to the Displayed Reading Boxes ....................... 3-18 3.6 3.7 Saving the Instrument Configuration in a Data Set ................................................. 3-20 Using the Master Lock (all models) Function or the Lock Key (58L) to Prevent Adjustment ..............................3-21 Locking the Gain and Function Rotary Knobs .................................................... 3-21
4 Using the Test Menu .......................... 4-1

4.1 Accessing the TEST Menu ..................... 4-2 Setting the Gain ..................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Changing the Gain-Adjustment Increment (dB STEP) ................... 4-4 4.2.2 Setting the User-Defined Gain Step .............................................. 4-6 Using the dB Reference Feature ............ 4-6 Changing the Displayed VIEW .............. 4-8
3.3 3.4
4.2
4.3 4.4
3.5
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4.5 4.6 Navigating Through a Data Logger File and Attaching Notes ......... 4-10 Magnifying the Contents of a Gate ....... 4-10 Selecting the Gate to Be Magnified ......... 4-13 Resetting Latched Alarms ....................4-13 Large Display Box-Specifying the Contents (LRG DISP) ............................ 4-13 Freezing the A-Scan Display ................ 4-15 4.9.1 Working in the Behind the Freeze Mode ........................................... 4-15 5.6 5.3 Recalling Existing Data Files ...............5-10 5.3.1 Previewing Existing Data Files .... 5-11 Deleting (CLEARING) Existing Data Files ....................................................... 5-11 Creating a Memo ................................... 5-12 5.5.1 Including a Files Memo as Part of a Report ...................................... 5-12 Creating a Report Header .....................5-12 5.6.1 Including a Report Header In a Printed Report .............................5-14 Entering and Editing Notes for Attachment to Thickness Measurements .......................................5-14 5.7.1 Including a Notes In a Printed Report .........................................5-16 Printing a Report ................................... 5-16 Outputting to a Printer .......................... 5-18 5.9.1 Specifying the Printer Type and Baud Rate ...................................5-18 5.9.2 Setting the COPY Key Function ...5-19
5.4 5.5
4.7 4.8 4.9
4.10 Accessing the HELP SCREENS ........... 4-17
5.7
5 Storing and Outputting Data ............ 5-1

5.1 Data Set and Data Logger Files ............... 5.1.1 Creating Data Set Files ................. 5.1.2 Creating Data Logger Files ............ 5.1.3 Editing Active Files ....................... 5.2 5-4 5-6 5-6 5-8
5.8 5.9
Storing Thickness Measurements in Data Logger Files .................................. 5-10

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Contents
5.10 Outputting to a Computer via the RS-232 Serial Port ................................. 5-20 5.10.1 Specifying the Baud Rate ............5-20 5.10.2 Loss of Signal ..............................5-20 7.2 7.3 7.4 Analog Output ........................................ 7-3 Remote Control of the USN 58 .............. 7-6 Remote Codes for the USN 58 ............... 7-7
6 Advanced Base-Model Features ............................................. 6-1

6.1 6.2 6.3 Noise Immunization .............................. 6-2 Using SMART VIEW ............................... 6-3 Using A-Scan Enhancement Analog Display Emulation ................................. 6-4 6.3.1 SPARKLE Intensity Variation (58L only) ...................................... 6-4 6.3.2 Baseline Break ............................. 6-4 AWS D1.1 Weld Rating Feature .............. 6-7 Resetting the Instrument ....................... 6-9
8 DAC/TCG Option ................................ 8-1

8.1 Using TCG .............................................. 8.1.1 Recording the TCG Reference Points ........................................... 8.1.2 Working with TCG ......................... Using TCG ATTENUATION ....................... Using DAC ............................................... 8.2.1 Recording the DAC Curve ............. 8.2.2 Working with DAC ......................... Creating DAC Offset Curves .................... Adjusting the Applied Gain Using TRANSFER CORRECTION ..................... 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-4 8-6 8-6 8-7 8-9 8-9
8.2
6.4 6.5
8.3
7 I/O Ports Technical Data .................... 7-1

7.1 Sending Readings to Other Devices ..... 7-2
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Editing DAC Curve and TCG Reference Points ...................................8-10
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8.4 Deleting a DAC Curve or TCG Reference Points ...................................8-10 10.1.2 Record the Reference Echo that Defines the DGS Curve ...............10-4 10.1.3 Display and Adjust the DGS Curve ........................................... 10-6 10.2 Evaluating Test Samples in DGS Mode 10-8
9 Interface (IF) Gate Option .................. 9-1

9.1 IF Gate Setup ......................................... 9.1.1 Immersion Testing Method ............ 9.1.2 IF Gate Crossing as the Display Starting Point ................................ 9.1.3 Configuring the IF Gate ................. 9.1.4 Setting Gates A and B Relative to IF Gate Using START MODE ........ 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-4 9-5
11 BEA (Backwall Echo Attenuator) Option ............................................... 11-1

11-1 Using Backwall Echo Attenuator Mode 11-2 11-2 Notes on Operating in BEA Mode ........11-3
9.2
Measurements Based on IF Gate Crossings ............................................... 9-5 9.2.1 IF-Gate Measurements ................. 9-7 9.2.2 Using IF OFFSET ......................... 9-7
12 VGA Connector Option ................... 12-1 13 Appendix .......................................... 13-1

13.1 Charging the Standard Lithium Battery Pack ..........................................13-2 13.2 Charging the Optional D-Cell Batteries ................................................13-3
10 DGS Option ...................................... 10-1

10.1 Using DGS ............................................. 10-2 10.1.1 Specifying a Probe and Preparing to Record the Reference Echo ......... 10-2
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14 Index ................................................. 14-1

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Important Notice
Important Notice
Please read the following information prior to use of any Krautkramer instrument.
these factors are beyond the scope of the operating manual.
Training
The customer must provide for adequate training of the operators to assure competence in the operation of the equipment and in the associated factors. The operator must be trained both in general ultrasonic testing procedure and in the set-up and performance of a particular test or application. The requirements for formalized training, qualification, and certification of operators are included, for example, in SNT-TC-1A, and are referenced in many other industry specifications.
General Warning
The correct and effective use of ultrasonic test equipment requires the interaction of three essential factors: The test equipment itself The specific test applications The operator The principal purpose of this operating manual will be to give instructions in the basic set-up and functional operation of the test equipment. Such information is covered in detail within the manual. Other variable factors, some of which are noted below, and the actions necessary to control them, are the responsibility of the customer/user. Details regarding
Ultrasonic Theory
Knowledge of soundwave propagation theory, including the effects of velocity of sound, attenuation, reflection, and the limitation of the sound beam must be understood by the operator.
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Important Notice Test Application Requirements

These include a definition of the test problem, selection of suitable techniques, adequate probes, proper couplant, evaluation of discovered conditions in the test material, and the selection of acceptance or rejection limits. Knowledge of the probability of occurrence of defective conditions is often based on experience as well as engineering knowledge of the system and its stresses. Customer engineers should supply specific test application requirements to the operator. though within the limits of the sound beam, thus preventing detection of possible conditions in the shadowed area. In testing extended areas beyond the expected sound beam path, extrapolations or other assumptions are sometimes based on statistical and other modifications of actual data obtained. Such results and their use and interpretation are the sole responsibility of the user.
Flaw Size Evaluation

In present test practice there are basically two methods of assessing flaws. If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to explore the boundaries of the flaw to determine its area. If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is greater than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response from the flaw must be compared with the maximum echo response from an artificial flaw provided for comparison purposes.
Coverage and Location of Test

In ultrasonic testing, the information obtained instantaneously represents only the data from within the limits of the sound beam. Selection of test locations as well as the degree of scanning or coverage of the part, is based on customer knowledge of expected defective areas, material being tested, environment and similar factors. Geometry of the part, or presence of flaws or other interfaces, may shadow certain areas located deeper in the test material, even
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Flaw Boundary Method: The smaller the diameter of the sound beam, the more accurately the boundaries
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Important Notice
can be determined. If, however, the sound beam is relatively broad, the flaw area determination can differ from the actual. Care should be taken to select a probe with sufficiently narrow beam at the position of the flaw. distance through the medium, then even at low attenuation, a large effect can result. The danger here is that natural flaws may be underassessed. Therefore, an estimate should be made of the effect of attenuation on test results and appropriate corrections applied. If the test part has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at the surface and lost to the test instrument. The larger this scattering, the smaller the echoes, and greater the underestimation of detected flaws. It is important to make allowance for surface roughness and apply a correction to observed echo heights.
Echo Comparison Method: The echo from a small natural flaw is usually smaller than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw of the same size. This is often due to irregularity or oblique orientation of the flaw surface. This fact should be considered when evaluating flaw size to avoid underestimating size.
In cases of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink holes in castings, an echo may not be detected. In such cases a different method may be required, such as measuring loss of transmission through the piece. When testing large parts, distance of the flaw from the probe is significant. It is important to choose an artificial comparison flaw that is as near as possible the same distance as the flaw being assessed. Ultrasound is subject to attenuation as it passes through any material. Some materials attenuate less than others. However, if the sound travels a long
Specifications and Procedures

The customer must understand and provide for interpretation and compliance with the specifications covering its work, generated by such groups as inhouse Quality Assurance, Technical Societies, Industry Groups, or Government Agencies.
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Important Notice Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements

Ultrasonic thickness measurements are the result of the mathematical product of the velocity of sound in a material and the transit time of the soundwaves through the material. The transit time is the data obtained by the ultrasonic equipment. part or batch of parts. Any non-uniformity of velocity of sound in the test material may result in erroneous thickness measurements.
Temperature Dependence
Velocity of sound is affected to varying degrees by the temperature of the material through which the sound travels. When temperature variables are expected, frequent checks must be made to maintain instrument calibration for the changing test conditions. Velocity changes due to temperature variation may affect the material being inspected, transducer delay lines and other equipment components.
Velocity of Sound
The accuracy of ultrasonic thickness measurements and of flaw location depends to a major degree on the velocity of sound through the material. This velocity value is dependent on characteristics of the material being tested, and is generally independent of the operation of the test instrument. This manual describes means for calibrating the instrument and its internal calculations for the velocity of sound value of the test material when it is known, or for finding the velocity of sound empirically using test blocks of the test material which are accessible for concurrent mechanical thickness measurement. No claim, explicit or implied, is included as to the uniformity of the velocity of sound throughout any given
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Doubling of Thickness Readings

When measuring relatively thin walls, with thicknesses below the minimum thickness specified for a particular instrument/probe combination, down to about half the specified minimum thickness, the first echo may occur while the instrument is electronically blocked to prevent false triggering. When this occurs, under certain combinations of thin wall dimensions, surface
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Important Notice
conditions, instrument, probe parameters, etc., the second echo or other echo signal combinations may produce a readable signal. The instrument reading and apparent thickness are up to about twice the actual value, resulting in a condition that is sometimes called doubling. Krautkramer instruments have conservative specifications in this regard, which in most cases will prevent misreadings. When using a A-scan readout, the condition is usually apparent to the trained operator. Readings using instruments with only analog or digital meter indicators, in this thinner range, should be further evaluated when the reading value is between the specification minimum and about twice that value. Confirmation of the real thickness can usually be obtained using an ultrasonic flaw detector with CRT presentation, suitably calibrated, whereby individual echo signals can more readily be identified and evaluated.
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Important Notice
The following example shows graphically the relationship of several thicknesses.
MINIMUM THICKNESS 0
MINIMUM SPECIFIEDTHICKNESS FOR INSTRUMENT/PROBE COMBINATION
MINIMUM THICKNESS TIMES 2
ELECTRONIC BLOCKING RANGE
PROBABLE MINIMUM THICKNESS TO PRODUCE ANY USEABLE ECHO
RANGE IN WHICH FIRST ECHO SIGNAL WILL NOT PRODUCE TRUE READING RANGE OF READING FOR WHICH ALTERNATE CONFIRMATION MAY BE DESIRABLE
RELATIVE THICKNESS (TYPICAL)
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Important Notice Warranty

When used in accordance with the manufacturers written instructions and under normal operating conditions, Krautkramer USN 58 Series test instruments are conditionally guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from date of shipment. Free second year warranty requires the instrument to be recertified by a designated Krautkramer Service Center or by an authorized representative or distributor, within 13 months of the date of purchase. A normal recalibration and recertification fee will apply. All repair work will be made FOB Lewistown, Pennsylvania, or at a Factory Trained Service Center as advised by GE Inspection Technologies, LP provided the defective unit is returned properly packed with all transportation charges prepaid. Any and all equipment replacement will be at the sole discretion of GE Inspection Technologies, LP. This warranty shall not apply to equipment subjected to misuse or abuse, improper installation, alteration, neglect, or accident. Excluded from this warranty are expendable items such as transducers, interconnecting
cables, and batteries. Accessory items such as recorders, etc. will be covered under the original manufacturers warranty as given to GE Inspection Technologies, LP. This warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not transferable. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.
Service
Every effort has been made to provide you with a reliable Krautkramer product. However, should service become necessary, GE Inspection Technologies, LP, has established a number of Factory Trained Service Centers. For the location of the nearest facility contact: Manager of Customer Service GE Inspection Technologies, LP 50 Industrial Park Road Lewistown, PA 17044 Telephone: Telefax: Website: (717) 242-0327 (717) 242-0331 (717) 248-7211 www.GEInspectionTechnologies.com
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Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays 1
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Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays

The USN 58 series are ultrasonic flaw detection and thickness measurement instruments. They are capable of storing A-Scans, operating parameters, and a variety of thickness-measurement data in their data loggers. This chapter of your manual will help you become more familiar with the menus and functions of the USN 58. Closely reviewing the material in this chapter will help you make better use of the more detailed information found throughout the rest of this operating manual. After reviewing this chapter, youll be able to Install Batteries in the instrument (section 1.1) Power up the instrument (section 1.2) Understand the function of each key on the keypad (section 1.3) Access each USN 58 function using the built-in menu system (section 1.4) Interpret the symbols that most often appear on the display (section 1.5) List the features of the USN 58 (section 1.6)
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Battery Installation
Locate various material covered in this manual (section 1.7) Determine which optional features are installed in your instrument (section 1.8) H Note: This manual covers all instruments in the USN 58 series. Where no model (such as 58R or 58L) is specifically mentioned, the manual reference applies to all models.
1.1 Battery installation

The USN 58 instrument operates on a Lithium battery pack (standard) or six D-size batteries (optional), located in the rear of its housing, or by using the power adapter (Figure 1-1). To remove the battery compartment cover, first remove the four thumbscrews. Its recommended that you install the standard Lithium battery pack for maximum operating life between charging. The instrument also accepts 9.0 Ahr rechargeable NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) batteries as well as alkaline and rechargeable Nicad batteries
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FIGURE 1-1Installation of standard Lithium battery pack. Note the location of the Power Adapter Port and Lithium battery pack on-board charging port.
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(optional battery tray is required). If D-cell batteries are used, be sure to follow the procedure explained in section 2.1 (Chapter 2, section 1) of this manual to ensure your instrument is properly configured. When installing optional D-cell batteries, be sure to properly align the batteries poles as marked in the optional battery tray (required to install D-cells). H Note: Only the dedicated Krautkramer Lithium battery pack can be charged while installed in the instrument. Rechargeable D-cell batteries must be removed from the instrument for recharging. The approximate level of remaining battery life is visually displayed by the icon. The location of this icon is shown in Figure 1-2. When a fully charged battery pack is installed, the icon will appear as full. As the battery life is consumed, the icon will begin to empty. Note that this indicator will only function correctly if the correct battery type is selected as explained in section 2.1 of this manual. H Note:
When the battery indicator is in the last quarter as indicated by the symbol , charge the battery pack as soon as possible. The USN 58 automatically shuts off when batteries are too weak for reliable operation. Settings are saved and restored when the USN 58 is turned on again. When testing in remote locations, always carry spare batteries and/or battery pack. H Note: Your instrument was supplied with the standard Lithium battery pack. The Lithium Battery pack can be charged on-board and also power the instrument during charging. If you selected the optional D-cells and received a charger it should only be used for 9.0 Ahr NiMH batteries. H Note: By connecting the optional Power Adapter, the USN 58 can be operated using an AC power source. This adapter is connected to the instrument though the Power Adapter Port shown in Figure 1-1.
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Powering On and Off the Instrument

Press one of the six menu keys (u) to select a menu. The menus across the bottom of the display will immediately be replaced with the submenus contained in the selected menu. Press a menu key (u) again to select the submenu containing the desired function. Up to four functions will be displayed in the function bar on the right side of the display. Select the desired function, by pressing one of the four function keys (v). Change the value listed in the function box with the function knob. Some values can also be adjusted with repeated presses of the function key. Youll also find these keys and knobs on the instrument (The 58R is shown in Figure 1-2A, the 58L is shown in Figure 1-2B): XTest Menu Key switches from the Home Menu to the Test Menu. A second press displays the grid markers in the menu bar, a third press activates a bar identifying display delay and range, and a fourth press returns to the original menu position. hHome Keys immediately return the instrument to the Home Menu.
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To charge the optional D-cell NiMH batteries you need only remove the optional tray from the instrument, mate the tray to the charger, and plug the charger into a 100-240 VAC power source. D-cell batteries cannot be charged while the battery tray is connected to the instrument. Refer to Appendix A for a complete explanation of how to charge the batteries.
1.2 Powering On and Off the Instrument

Press and hold K for three seconds to power the instrument on. Press K again to turn off.
1.3 Keypad and Knob Features

The USN 58 is designed to give the user quick access to all of the instruments functions. Its easy-to-use menu system allows any function to be accessed with no more than three key presses (Figure 1-2). To access any function:
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Keypad and Knob Features
FIGURE 1-2ASome of the USN 58R keypad and knob functions are shown here.
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Keypad and Knob Features
FIGURE 1-2BSome of the USN 58L keypad and knob functions are shown here.
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USN 58 Menus and Functions

Gain Rotary Knob - Rotate to change the instruments gain.
?Help Key displays help screen text describing those functions displayed in the Function Bar. WFreeze Key freezes the A-Scan display in one of four user-defined modes. CCopy Key performs a data-storage or data-output function depending on the user-defined mode. For instance, sends a thickness measurement to the next available position in an active data logger file. KPower Key turns the instrument on and off. LZoom Key displays A-Scan on the entire screen. HMagnify Key enlarges A-Scan display to set the width of the magnified gate to full-screen width. DdB Step Key changes the adjustment increment of the gain knob.
1.4 USN 58 Menus and Functions

The USN 58 menu system allows the operator to select and adjust various features and instrument settings. It includes: Home MenuSeveral menus used to configure and calibrate the instrument prior to test. Also used to select pulser and receiver characteristics, position gates, set alarms, specify operating mode and screen appearance, adjust the A-Scan display, and control other significant measurement features Test MenuAllows the operator to make those adjustments that are most often required during the testing process H Note: Figures 1-3 and 1-4 show the instruments Home and Test Menu structures. The information provided in the following two manual sections explains what each function does and shows how to access the function
Backlite Key turns display back lighting on and off (58L only).
Lock Key disables the Function and Gain rotary knobs (58L only).
Function Rotary Knob - Rotate to change the value of the selected function.
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through the menu system. Youll also find operationmanual section references that tell you where to turn in this manual for more specific information on each function.
Functions are then selected by pressing the adjacent Function Key (v). Turning the Function Knob, and in some cases continuing to press v, will change the value shown in the selected functions box. Note that some functions, like RANGE, have both coarse and fine adjustment modes. Coarse and fine modes are selected by pressing v more than once. When the function name, such as RANGE, appears in all capital letters, turning the function knob will produce large changes in the selected functions value. When the function name appears in all lower-case letters, turning the function knob will change the value by smaller amounts. Functions with coarse-and-fine adjustment capabilities are noted with an * in Figure 1-3.
1.4.1 Home Menu System

The USN 58s Home Menu System consists of several menus, submenus, and functions. Available menus are accessed via the Home Menu (The 58R home menu is shown in Figure 1-3A. The 58L home menu is shown in Figure 1-3B). Note that the menus visible on your particular instrument depend on which options are installed. Functions not shown in Figure 1-3 are accessed by pressing u below the option NEXT. Each menu contains several submenus. Menus and submenus are selected by pressing below the desired item. When a submenu is selected, the functions contained in that submenu are listed in the Function Bar down the right-hand side of the display screen.
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FIGURE 1-3AThese USN 58R menus, submenus, and functions are accessed through the Home Menu.
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FIGURE 1-3BThese USN 58L menus, submenus, and functions are accessed through the Home Menu.

BASIC Menu RANGE Submenu RANGEAdjusts the range of the display screen from .040" to 480" in steel. (Refer to section 2.3.1) PROBE DELAYRepresents the time delay caused by sound-wave travel through a probes wearplate, membrane, delay line, or wedge. (Refer to section 2.3.3) VELOCITYDisplays the velocity for the selected material and allows the user to input a velocity. (Refer to section 2.3.3) DISPLAY DELAYShifts the A-Scan viewing window to the left or right. (Refer to section 2.3.2) CONFIG Submenu MATERIALSelects the material being tested. Choose designations with S (shear) for angle beam probes. Sets velocity to value for material specified. (Refer to section 2.3) DISPLAY STARTSets the reference point from which all display features are set. (Refer to section 2.3.3) A-SCAN MODEChanges the appearance of the A-Scan (Refer to 2.1.2) and launches SMART VIEW (Refer to 6.2) A-SCAN ENHANCEEnables the BASELINE BREAK and SPARKLE (58L) display features (Refer to section 6.3) DISPLAY Submenu (Refer to section 2.1.2) COLORChanges the colors of the display (58L) BRIGHTNESSAdjusts the displays brightness GRIDSelects the display screens grid markings. A-Scan ColorAdjusts the color of the A-Scan (58L) 1-12
ReverseVideoSelect normal or reversed video display (58R) REGIONAL Submenu (Refer to section 2.1.1) LANGUAGESets the language displayed on the instruments screen UNITSSets displayed units to inch, millimeter, or microsecond DATESets the displayed date TIMESets the displayed time OPTIONS Submenu INSTALLED OPTIONUse to identify installed options (Refer to 1.9.2) FREEZE MODEDetermines what is frozen when the Freeze Key is pressed. (Refer to section 3.3) BATTERY TYPESpecify the type installed (Refer to 2.1) MASTER LOCKTurning Lock on disables all functions except Gain (Refer to section 3.7) RESULTS Submenu READING 1 THROUGH READING 4-Selects the measurement displayed in each of the four Reading Boxes. (Refer to section 3.5) PLSRCVR Menu
PULSER Submenu
PULSER TYPESelect square (58L) or spike pulse (2.3.6) ENERGYSets energy level of spike pulse (Refer to 2.3.7) VOLTAGESets pulser (square onlyavailable only in 58L) voltage level (Refer to 2.3.7) Krautkramer USN 58 Series
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VALUEDisplays and/or allows adjustment of the Pulse Repetition Frequency. (Refer to section 2.3.4) GATES Menu POSITION Submenu (Refer to section 3.1.1) GATE SELECTSelect from two or more gates (depending on the installed options). GATE STARTSets the beginning position of the selected gate on the A-Scan. GATE WIDTHSets the width of the selected gate on the A-Scan. GATE THRESHOLDSets the height of the selected gate. GATEMODE Submenu GATE SELECTSelect from two or more gates (depends on the installed options). (Refer to section 3.1.2) DETECTIONIndicates whether an A-Scan echos flank, or peak is evaluated by the gate. (Refer to section 3.1.2) START MODESet to IP (initial pulse) in base-model USN 58. MAGNIFY GATEAllows the user to select which gate is magnified to ful screen width when H is pressed (depends on the installed options). (Refer to section 3.1.3) ALARMS Submenu (Refer to 3.1.4) GATE SELECTSelect from two or more gates (depends on the installed options). LOGICDetermines whether the gate alarm is triggered when a signal crosses the gate or does not cross the gate. 1-13
WIDTHSets width of square pulse (58L) (section 2.3.8) DAMPINGAdjusts the damping level to match the installed probe. (Refer to section 2.2.2) RECEIVER Submenu FREQUENCYSelects the bandwidth of the instrument. (Refer to section 2.2.2) RECTIFYSelects the rectification-mode which effects how the A-Scan appears on the display. (Refer to section 2.3.5) DUALIdentifies whether one or two single-element probes, or a dual element probe, is installed (Refer to section 2.2.2) REJECTDetermines what percentage of the A-Scan height is displayed at 0% full screen height. (Refer to section 2.3.7) GAIN Submenu USER GAIN STEPSpecify a gain value to appear in the Test Menus dB Step selections. (Refer to section 4.2.2) dB REFStores reference gain value and echo height. (Refer to 4.3) AMPLITUDESets the units of amplitude measurement to percentage of screen height or dB difference in height from the gate to the echos peak. (Refer to section 3.1.6) dB StepDefines increment of gain-value change when knob is turned. (Refer to section 4.2)
PRF Submenu MODESelects the mode by which the Pulse Repetition Frequency is determined. (Refer to section 2.3.4)
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OUTPUT DELAYDelays TTL and Analog Outputs. (Refer to section 7.2) HORNEnables the audible warning alarm (horn). TTL OUT Submenu TTL #1Identifies which event triggers TTL 1 / illuminates Warning Light 1. (Refer to section 3.1.4) TTL #2Identifies which event triggers TTL 2 / illuminates Warning Light 2. (Refer to section 3.1.4) TTL #3Identifies which event triggers TTL 3 / illuminates Warning Light 2. (Refer to section 3.1.4) MODESpecifies how the TTL Alarms are reset. (Refer to section 3.1.5) LIMITS Submenu (Refer to section 3.2) LOW LIMITUse to set the minimum thickness for alarm purposes. HIGH LIMITUse to set the maximum thickness for alarm purposes. NOISE IMMN Submenu (Refer to section 6.1) GATE SELECTSelect from two or more gates (depending on installed options). COUNTSpecify the number of alarm-violating counts which must occur during the WINDOW duration before an alarm is set. WINDOWSpecify the number of counts in the examination period. 1-14
AUTOCAL Menu SETUP Submenu (Refer to section 2.4) GATE A STARTShifts the starting point of the A-Gate to the left and right. S-REF 1-Userinput thickness value of the thinner calibration standard. S-REF 2-Userinput thickness value of the thicker calibration standard. RECORDIdentifies and progresses through each stage of the calibration procedure. READING Submenu (Refer to section 2.4.3) VELOCITYDisplays the instruments default velocity for the specified material type as well as the calculated velocity after calibration. PROBE DELAYAdjustment made as a result of the zeroing procedure. This represents the time delay caused by soundwave travel through a probes wearplate, membrane, delay line, or wedge (plastic). FILES Menu FILENAME Submenu FILENAMESelects stored files. (Refer to section 5.3) PREVIEWUse to view the header and memo of stored files without recalling the file. (Refer to section 5.3) ACTIONRecalls or deletes the selected file and saves edits to alphanumeric and parameter settings. (Refer to 5.3 and 5.4) Krautkramer USN 58 Series
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COPY MODESpecifies the action taken by pressing the Copy key. (Refer to section 5.9.2) PARAM PRINT ?Determines if instrument settings will be listed in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.8) A-SCAN PRINT ?Determines if the A-Scan will be included in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.8) General Submenu DL DATA FunctionDisplays stored datalogger values and attached notes. TRIG Menu SETUP Submenu (Refer to section 3.4) PROBE ANGLEInput the angle of a connected angle beam probe. THICKNESSSets the test-piece material thickness for angle-beam measurements. X VALUEInput the specified value from the angle beam probes BIP to front edge. O-DIAMETERSets the outside diameter of curved test pieces.
CREATE NEWPressing twice launches the file creation process. (Refer to section 5.1) REP HEAD Submenu HEADER NUMBERSelects the Header Line to edit. (Refer to section 5.6) EDITAllows editing of the selected Header Line contents. (Refer to section 5.6) PRINT ?Determines if the header will be included in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.6.1) NOTES Submenu NOTE NUMBERSelects the Note Line to edit. (Refer to section 5.7) EDITAllows editing of the selected Note Line contents. (Refer to section 5.7) NOTE PRINT ?Determines if the notes will be included in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.7.1) DL PRINTDetermines if the data logger thickness measurements will be included in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.8) MEMO Submenu EDITAllows editing / creation of the Memo. (Refer to 5.5) PRINT ?Determines if the memo will be included in the printed report. (Refer to section 5.5.1)
AWS D1.1 Submenu (Refer to section 6.4)

A INDICATIONGain representation of test-piece reflector. B REFERENCEGain representation of reference reflector. C ATTENUATIONCalculated Gain representation of depth variation between reference and test-piece reflector.
PRINTER Submenu PRINTERUse to select the type of printer connected. (Refer to section 5.9.1)
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D D1.1 RATINGCalculated weld rating for measured test piece.
Display Screen Features
A POS Submenu (Refer to section 6.4)

GATE A STARTSets A-Gate starting point. GATE WIDTHSets width of the A-Gate. A THRESHOLDSets A-Gates height. AWS MODETurned on manually or automatically with a stored reference.
control capabilities most commonly used while testing material. The Test Menu features, and their functions are shown in Figure 1-4. While a USN 58R is shown, test menu features and keypad functions are the same for all USN 58 series instruments. Note that the function bar displayed when X is pressed continues to be displayed when the Test Menu is active. Pressing X three more times returns to the previous menu configuration.
COLORING Submenu (58L) (Refer to section 3.5)

COLOR LEGIndicates in which leg a reflector is located. (Used with angle beam probes.) SERIAL COMM Menu BAUD RATESet to match the connected printer. (Refer to section 5.10.1) LOSS OF SIGNALControls the thickness value and analog signal outputted when an uncoupled probe condition exists. (Refer to section 5.10.2)
1.5 Display Screen Features

The USN 58s displays are designed to be easy to interpret. In Figure 1-5 youll find an example of the a display configuration. This specific display includes a data logger file navigation window (which allows you to navigate through and store thickness measurements in an existing data logger file), an active A-Scan, the GATES menu bar, and POSITION submenu. Refer to this Figure for an explanation of those screen features youll most often encounter. Youll also find a reference to the manual section which explains the identified feature in more depth.
1.4.2 Test Menus and Functions

The USN 58 also has a Test Menu thats displayed whenever X is pressed. This menu contains the
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FIGURE 1-4Control capabilities when the Test Menu is active for all USN 58 instruments.
FIGURE 1-5Active A-Scan and data logger file navigation window are shown here.
Features of USN 58R
Definition of Display Icons

There are several graphical features (icons) which appear in the display screens icon bar for various reasons. Figure 1-6 includes several of these icons along with an explanation of their significance.
1.6 Features of the USN 58

The USN 58 series extends the performance and range of applications that are capable of being satisfied by a portable instrument. The quality, portability, durability, & dependability that you have come to expect from the popular Krautkramer USN Series of instruments remains. The USN 58R has a hi-resolution (320 x 240 pixels) EL Display with 60 Hz update The 58L is equipped with a 400 x 240 pixel color display that also updates at 60 Hz Simple operation with fast rotary knob adjustments Weighs only 6.4 lbs. including Lithium battery pack or optional D-size batteries for convenient use anywhere Two independent flaw gates with real-time TTL & Analog Outputs to handle a wide range of applications (plus a third optional Interface gate) 250 kHz to 25 MHz capability with eight selectable frequency ranges to match probe for optimum performance
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FIGURE 1-6These icons appear in the Status Bar at various times.

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15 Hz PRF (pulse repetition frequency) with 480" range in steel eliminates ghost echoes making it ideal for lengthy acoustically clean material testing Smart View function displays the most important information (relevant shot) for the test as selected by the user Compare frozen reference waveforms to live AScans Alphanumeric Datalogger (incl. Grid file format) for flexible, convenient storage of data sets and thickness readings Multiple curve DAC/TCG corrects for distance/ amplitude variations from material loss and beam spread Eight hours of use between charges with the standard Lithium battery pack Four hours of use (typical) with optional D-size 9.0 Ahr NiMH. (power adapter for bench-top use) Four selectable damping settings (50, 75, 150, & 500 ohms) for optimum probe performance
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Features of USN 58R
Trig functions to automatically determine depth, surface distance, sound path to flaws, and leg of the inspection using shear-wave (angle beam) probes RF rectification for phase inversion and thin measurement applications Auto CAL makes calibration simple & easy .040" minimum range (in steel) for thin measurement applications Help mode with dedicated key on front panel for quick access dB Step function with six gain knob increments Thickness data logger with alphanumeric naming of location I.D.s, grid file format, notes and memo capabilities Store, preview, and edit data sets with A-Scans for quick recall and instrument setup Noise Immunization feature limits the effect of false TTL outputs due to high noise levels
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Whats in this Manual

Navigating the menus Overview of functions within menus Summary of features Definition of icons
Special behind the freeze mode allows dynamic time-base adjustment on frozen A-Scan displays Versatile, flexible carry bag with neck strap for easy transport and use in limited access areas Upgrade CD is provided with each instrument to easily upgrade the Operating Software via our website without returning the instrument to add features and capabilities without downtime
How the instrument detects flaws and measures thickness Chapter 2Setting Up the USN 58 Set up the instrument display appearance Install a probe and configure the instrument to match the probe type Chapter 3Configuring Your Instrument for Measurement Adjust the A and B-Gates Set and clear alarms and TTL outputs Select the maximum and minimum material thickness limits Specify gate-detection mode (peak or flank) Control the A-Scan magnify and freeze modes Specify the quantities displayed in the data reading boxes
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1.7 Whats in this Manual

The USN 58 Series Operating Manual is divided into several chapters. The material in Chapters 1 through 7 applies to all instrument models. Chapter 8 and higher apply only to optional features which are available only when purchased. Following is a summary of Chapters 1 through 7: Chapter 1Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays Operations performed by each key Explanation of display features
Calibrate the instrument/ probe combination
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Chapter 4Using the Test Menu Use the dB REFERENCE feature to compare the current echos amplitude with a reference Magnify the contents of a selected gate Freeze and unfreeze the A-Scan display Access the file navigation window using the view feature Modify and attach memos and report headers to a data file Configuring the instrument to communicate with external printers.
Whats in this Manual
Modify and attach notes to a stored data point
Attach Notes to stored readings Access the help screen
Chapter 6Advanced Settings for Base-Model Units Use the Noise Immunization Feature Reset the instrument using key presses Chapter 7 I/O Ports Technical Details Analog Output Remote Control Operate in SMART View Mode
Select the value to view in the large display box and copied to active data logger file position Chapter 5Storing and Outputting Data Differentiate between data logger and data set files Create, store, recall, and delete data files
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List of those parameters settings stored in data set or data logger files Printing Reports
Chapter 8DAC/TCG Option Chapter 9IF Gate Option Chapter 10DGS Option Chapter 11BEA (Backwall Echo Attenuator) Option Chapter 12VGA Connector Option
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Overview of Optional Features

DAC/TCGThe DAC (Distance Amplitude Curve) feature allows the user to collect up to 16 samesize-reflector echoes, representing various material depths, and generate a curve that fits the echo peaks. In this mode all echoes are represented at their true amplitude with no depth or attenuation compensation. Three additional curves, drawn at user-specified dB offsets from the original DAC curve, can be displayed at one time. The TCG (Time Corrected Gain) feature allows all equivalent echoes to be displayed at the same height, regardless of material depth related signal loss (caused by attenuation and beam spread). TCG works by adjusting gain over time to ensure that likereflectors, located at different material depths, are represented by same-amplitude echoes. Distance Gain SizeThe DGS feature allows the user to display a curve which represents equivalentreflector-sizes, for a particular gain, as a function of the distance between the reflector and transducer. DGS assumes a vertical beam impingement. Flaw sizing evaluations can be done via dB to the DGS curve or ERS (Equivalent Reflector Size) methods.
1.8 Overview of Optional Features

Several options are available to be added to basemodel USN 58 instruments. Options purchased with your instrument will be described in detail later in this manual. This section explains how to tell which options are installed in your instrument and includes a brief overview of the features available with each option. Any USN 58R instrument can be retrofitted with available options.
1.8.1 Determing Which Optional Features are Installed in Your USN 58 (Basic/Options/Installed Option)
In the BASIC MENU, select the OPTIONS submenu. Select the INSTALLED OPTION function and turn the Function Knob to view those options installed in your instrument. Selections include BASIC, plus those options listed below which have been installed in your particular instrument:
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IF GateMonitors the time window from the initial pulse to the interface between two materials, where the top material is ignored and timing begins at the interface to make measurements in the second material. Typically used for immersion testing, to begin measurements at the interface between water and the top of the material to be inspected. Backwall Echo AttenuatorThe BEA feature allows the user to monitor the backwall echo by amplifying the region under Gate B by the amount specified by the backwall gain control.
Overview of Optional Features
1.8.2 How Options are Dealt with in This Manual

When an option is installed, several additional functions and, in some cases submenus, are available. These additional capabilities can only be accessed when the option is installed. Whenever these special features are discussed in this manual, they will be identified as being available only with one or more of the optional upgrades. If no reference to an optional upgrade is made, assume that the feature is available with the base-model instrument.
Setup and Calibration of the USN 58 2
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Setup and Calibration of the USN 58

This chapter explains how to prepare your instrument for use. In this chapter, youll learn how to Set up the instruments display and basic operating features (section 2.1) Install a probe and configure the Pulser/Receiver to match the probe type (section 2.2) Adjusting the A-Scan display screens appearance (section 2.3) Calibrate the instrument (section 2.4) Most sections in this chapter describe steps that will be followed by every user of a new instrument. For this reason, we suggest that you proceed through each section in this chapter while configuring your instrument for the first time.
Initial Instrument Setup
Because the USN 58 saves the control settings when its turned off and restores them when its turned on, you wont have to repeat these adjustments unless a change is required. Turn on the USN 58 by pressing K. The Home Menu will be activated. This menus structure was shown in Figures 1-3A and B. Activate the Basic Menu by pressing u below it. Some submenus and functions from the Basic Menu are shown in Figure 2-1.
Specifying the Installed Battery Type (BASIC-OPTIONS-BATTERY TYPE)

H Note: Selection of battery type only affects the accuracy of the on-screen battery-indicator. This ensures proper indication of remaining power.
2.1 Initial Instrument Setup

In this part of the manual, youll learn how to configure the USN 58s display and operating features. Follow these procedures to turn on the USN 58 and make initial adjustments to the instrument control settings.
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Step 1: Activate the OPTIONS submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled BATTERY TYPE. To change the selected battery type, continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Youll note that
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FIGURE 2-1The Basic Menu allows the user to adjust most of the instruments display and operating features.
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2-3

the options available are Lithium, NiMH (nickel metal hydride), NiCAD, and Alkaline. The default battery type is Lithium.
Step 3: Setting the correct battery type ensures accurate battery indicator levels.
continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Youll note that the options available are English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Danish, Czech, Romanian, Slovenian, and Russian. The default language is English.
2.1.1 Regional Settings-Language, Units of Measurement, Date, and Time

Use the procedures below to adjust the unit of measurement, the date, the time, and the language that appears on the instruments display screens and data output. The adjustments will require access to the REGIONAL submenu. This is accessed from the Basic Menu (shown in Figure 2-1).
Step 3: The display-screen and report language will be set to the choice last selected.
Setting the Date (BASIC-REGIONAL-DATE)

Step 1: Activate the REGIONAL submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled DATE. The date is displayed in Day/Month/Year format. Note that the first time you press v, the day character is highlighted. The next time you press v, the month character is highlighted. Finally, pressing v again will cause the year character to be highlighted. Step 3: To change the month, days, or year, turn the function knob while the desired character is highlighted.
Setting the Operating Language (BASIC-REGIONAL-LANGUAGE)

Step 1: Activate the REGIONAL submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled LANGUAGE. To change the selected language,
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H Note: Once set, the internal clock of the USN 58 will maintain the current date and time.
Step 4: When complete, press v one more time. The current date will be set to the date displayed.
Setting the Time (BASIC-REGIONAL-TIME)

Step 1: Activate the REGIONAL submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled TIME. Time is displayed in 24-hour format. Note that the first time you press v, the hours character is highlighted. The next time you press v, the minutes character is highlighted. Finally, pressing v again will cause the seconds character to be highlighted. Step 3: To change the hours, minutes, or seconds setting, turn the function knob while the desired character is highlighted. Step 4: When complete, press v one more time. The current time will be set to the time displayed.
Setting the Units of Measurement (BASIC-REGIONAL-UNITS)

Step 1: Activate the REGIONAL submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled UNITS. Youll note that the following options are available:
INCHdefault setting which displays values in inches MMdisplays values in millimeters uSECdisplays values in micro-seconds
Step 3: To change the units of measurement, continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Step 4: The unit of measurement will be set to the choice last displayed.
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A Attention:
Measurement data stored in the on-board data recorder is automatically converted each time the unit of measure is changed. Numerous changes may slightly alter stored readings due to cumulative conversion errors. If frequent changes are necessary, important data should be protected by printing or transferring it to a PC.
Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled BRIGHTNESS. Select high or low (58R) or from levels 1 to 20 (58L). Step 3: To change the brightness level, continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Step 4: The display brightness will remain at the level last displayed.
2.1.2 Display Appearance

Use the procedures (which vary depending on instrument model) in this section to adjust display appearance. The adjustments will require access to the DISPLAY and CONFIG submenus, which are each accessed from the Basic Menu (shown in Figure 2-1).
Selecting a Display Grid (BASIC-DISPLAY-GRID)

Step 1: Activate the DISPLAY submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Three functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled GRID. Step 3: To change the grid type, continue pressing or turn the function knob. Each grid style is shown in the display screens A-Scan window as it is selected. Youll note that the following styles are available:
GRID 1Five major horizontal and vertical divisions.
Setting the Display Brightness (BASIC-DISPLAY-BRIGHTNES)

Step 1: Activate the DISPLAY submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Functions will appear down the right side of the display screen.
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Note that the display BRIGHTNESS will automatically be set to LOW when operating in REVERSE VIDEO mode (HIGH is not available).
GRID 2Ten major horizontal and vertical divisions. OFFNo on-screen grid. Only display-edge marks are visible.
Step 4: The grid style will be set to the last one displayed.
Setting the Display Color58L (BASIC-DISPLAY-COLOR)

Step 1: Activate the DISPLAY submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press next to the selection titled COLOR. There are four preset color schemes. Step 3: To change the displays color scheme, continue pressing or turn the function knob. Step 4: The display color will remain at the scheme last displayed.
H Note: All USN 58L color schemes are recommended for indoor operation while schemes 3 and 4 are best suited for outdoor operation.
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Selecting Reverse Video Mode58R (BASIC-DISPLAY-REVERSE VIDEO)

The USN 58Rs display screen normally shows the A-Scan trace in orange against a black background. To improve visibility in some outdoor lighting conditions, the REVERSE VIDEO feature changes the display to show a black A-Scan trace against an orange background. To select REVERSE VIDEO mode:
Step 1: Activate the DISPLAY submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the REVERSE VIDEO function. Step 3: Continue pressing v or turn the function knob to choose viewing mode.
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Installing a Probe
Setting the A-Scan Color58L (BASIC-DISPLAY-ASCAN COLOR)

Step 1: Activate the DISPLAY submenu (located in the below it. Four functions Basic Menu) by pressing will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press next to the selection titled ASCAN COLOR. There are eight A-Scan color options. Step 3: To change the A-Scans color, continue pressor turn the function knob. ing Step 4: The A-Scan echo will remain the color last displayed.
HOLLOWOnly the A-Scans outline appears on the display screen. FILLEDA solid A-Scan appears on the display. SMART HOLLOWDisplays intensity variations along a hollow waveform. (Refer to section 6.3) SMART FILLEDDisplays intensity variations along a solid waveform. (Refer to section 6.3)
Step 3: To change the A-Scans style, continue pressing v or turn the function knob.
2.2 Installing a Probe

2.2.1 Connecting a Probe
When connecting a probe to the instrument, its not only important that the probes physical connection be properly made. Its also important that the instrument is properly configured to work with the installed probe. The USN 58 will operate with one or two single-element probes or with a dual-element probe.
Setting the A-Scan Style (BASIC-CONFIG-ASCAN MODE)

Step 1: Activate the CONFIG submenu (located in the Basic Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled ASCAN MODE. The following are available:
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Installing a Probe

Bar (near the upper right corner of the display) whenever that probe type is indicated. The following types are available: ONFor dual-element probes OFFFor single-element probes THROUGHFor two single-element probes used on opposing surfaces of the test piece
To install a single-element probe, connect the probe cable to either of the two ports on the front of the instrument (Figure 2-2). When two probes, or a dualelement probe is connected to the instrument, install the RECEIVE probe connector in the top port and the TRANSMIT connector in the bottom port.
2.2.2 Configuring the Instrument to Match the Probe Type

Three instrument settings depend directly on the type of probe installed. Adjust these settings any time a different type of probe is installed.
Step 4: The probe type will be set to the last one displayed.
Selecting Probe Type (PLSRCVR-RECEIVER-DUAL)

Step 1: Activate the RECEIVER submenu (located in the Plsrcvr Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled DUAL. Step 3: To change the probe type, continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Each available probe type is represented by an icon thats displayed in the Icon
Specifying the Probe Frequency (PLSRCVR-RECEIVER-FREQUENCY)

Step 1: Activate the RECEIVER submenu (located in the Plsrcvr Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled FREQUENCY. Step 3: To change the specified frequency, continue pressing v or turn the function knob. Youll note that the following frequency settings are available:
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Installing a Probe
FIGURE 2-2Probe Attachment Locations
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Adjusting the A-Scan

pressing v or turn the function knob. Youll note that the following damping levels are available: 50, 75, 150, 500 (see Figure 2-3)
1, 2, 2.25, 4, 5, 10, 15 MHzSet to match conventional probe frequencies .25-2.25 MHz LPSelect to utilize a built-in lowpass (LP) filter with probes in the specified range 10-25 MHz HPSelect to utilize a built-in high-pass (HP) filter with probes in the specified range 2-25 MHz BBSelect to utilize a built-in broad-band (BB) filter with probes in the specified range
Step 4: The damping level will be set to the one last displayed.
2.3 Adjusting the A-Scan

2.3.1 Setting the A-Scan Range
Calibration requires the use of two calibrated standards, of different thickness, made of the same material as the test piece. Prior to calibrating the instrument/probe combination, the A-Scan displayscreen range (the material thickness value represented by the full horizontal width of the screen) will normally be set to a value equal to or slightly larger than the thicker calibrated standard (Figure 2-4).
Step 4: The probe frequency level will be set to the last one displayed.
Modifying the Signal Ratio to Noise by Changing the Damping Level (PLSRCVR-PULSER-DAMPING)
Step 1: Activate the PULSER submenu (located in the Plsrcvr Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled DAMPING. Step 3: To change the specified damping level and optimize the A-Scan signal appearance, continue
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FIGURE 2-3Typical Effects of Damping Changes
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FIGURE 2-4Effect of A-Scan Range Adjustment
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Setting The A-Scan Range

Step 1: Activate the Home Menu by pressing h. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled RANGE. Youll note that RANGE has both coarse and fine adjustment modes. Coarse and fine modes are selected by pressing v more than once. When RANGE appears in all capital letters, turning the function knob will produce large changes in the range value. When range appears in all lower-case letters, turning the function knob will change the value by smaller amounts. Step 3: To change the range turn the function knob. Youll note that the range can vary from 0.040 to 480 inches. Step 4: The displays horizontal range will remain as set.
Step 1: Activate the Home Menu by pressing h. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled DISPLAY DELAY. Step 3: To change the display delay turn the function knob. Youll note that the displayed echoes shift to the left or right.
2.3.3 Defining the Display Starting Point

The display starting point is the reference from which all display features are set.
Step 1: Activate the BASIC Menu (located in the HOME Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Select the CONFIG submenu by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen, including DISPLAY START. This function is set to IP in the Base-Model instrument.
2.3.2 Setting the Display Delay

The display delay function shifts the displayed A-Scan to the left or right. This function is used to set the USN 58s viewing window. To set the display delay
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faulty settings. Unacceptable PRF settings will cause a display prompt to appear. EXTERNALAllows an external device to signal the pulser firing (Chapter 7). Note the XT icon will appear when the instrument is fired externally. Note that if an unacceptable external firing command is received, the XT icon will be displayed. (This option is not available if a SQUARE (58L only) pulser type is selected.)
2.3.4 Adjusting the Pulser Repetition Frequency (PRF)

The Pulser fires at a frequency which can either be set automatically or manually. Alternatively, the Pulser can be fired by an external source. To set the PRF mode and frequency level
Step 1: Activate the PLSRCVR Menu (located in the HOME Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Select the PRF submenu by pressing u below it. Two functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 3: Press v next to the function titled PRF MODE. Youll note that there are four options:
AUTOHIGHThe instrument calculates and sets a pulser firing rate at 75% of the maximum frequency possible based on range and material velocity AUTOLOWThe instrument calculates and sets a pulser firing rate at 25% of the maximum frequency possible based on range and material velocity MANUALAllows the user to set the pulser frequency from 15 to 2000 Hz, while prohibiting
Step 4: To manually set the Pulser Repetition Frequency, or to view the automatically calculated frequency, press v next to the function titled PRF VALUE. The automatically calculated value (if PRF MODE is set to AUTOHIGH or AUTOLOW) will be displayed in the function box. If PRF MODE is set to MANUAL, you must now adjust the PRF VALUE by turning the function knob.
H Note: The PRF VALUE setting (58L only) may be automatically limited based on the user-selected pulser voltage and width settings (sections 2.3.7 and 2.3.8). This feature acts to limit signal dissipation.
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2.3.5 Selecting a Rectification Mode

Rectification effects the orientation of the A-scan on the display screen. The A-scan represents the sound pulse (echo) thats returned from the material being tested to the instrument. The series of echoes looks like the Radio Frequency (RF) signal thats shown in Figure 2-5. Note that the RF signal has a negative component below the axis, and a positive component above the axis. In RF mode, the A-gate and B-gate can be positioned either above or below the axis, to be
triggered by a positive-heading echo or a negativeheading echo.
Positive Half Rectification means that only the upper (positive) half of the RF signal is displayed. Negative Half Rectification means that only the bottom (negative) half of the RF signal is displayed. In Figure 2-5, note that even though its the negative half of the RF signal, its displayed in the same orientation as a positive component. This is only to simplify viewing.
FIGURE 2-5Rectification controls how much of the returned sound pulse appears on the display screen. Note that when RF rectification is selected, the A-Gate and B-Gate can be positioned above or below the axis.

RFShows the echo with no rectification
The signal displayed in the view identified as Negative Reactance is the negative component of the RF signal.
Step 4: Select the rectification method.
Full-Wave Rectification combines the positive and negative rectified signals together, and displays both of them in a positive orientation (Figure 2-5).
Use the following procedure to select a rectification mode
2.3.6 Selecting the Pulser Type

Pulser shape is generally selected based on penetration requirements and/or test standard specifications. Available types include square (58L only) and spike. To select a pulser type:
Step 1: Activate the PLSRCVR Menu (located in the HOME Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Select the RECEIVER submenu by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 3: Press v next to the function titled RECTIFY (Figure 2-5). Youll note that there are four options:
NEG HALFWAVEShows the negative component of the RF signal but displays it in a positive orientation POS HALFWAVEShows the positive component of the RF signal FULLWAVEShows the positive and negative halves of the RF wave, but both are oriented in the positive direction
Step 1: Activate The PLSRCVR Menu. Step 2: Select the PULSER submenu. Step 3: Press v next to the function titled PULSER TYPE. Select SQUARE (58L only) or SPIKE.
H Note: When a SPIKE type pulse is selected, the pulser VOLTAGE and WIDTH functions (sections 2.3.7 and 2.3.8) are disabled. When SQUARE type pulse is selected (58L only), the EXTERNAL PRF MODE setting is disabled (Section 2.3.4).
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2.3.7 Setting the Pulser VOLTAGE or ENERGY Level

The relative energy with which the pulser fires is adjusted by changing the ENERGY setting (for SPIKE pulser types) or pulser voltage and width settings (for SQUARE pulser types, which is only available in the 58L). To set the pulser voltage or energy level:
2.3.8 Selecting the Pulser Width (SQUARE Pulser Types only) (USN 58L)
The pulser width (for square pulse types, which are only available in the 58L) generally varies from 50 to 1000 nanoseconds. A recommended starting point from which the width setting can be adjusted is found by the following equation: Nominal width in nanoseconds = 109 (2 x probe frequency in Hz) For example, if a 2.25 MHz probe is used, the equation becomes: Nominal width in nanoseconds = 109 (2 x 2.25 x 106) = 222 nanoseconds To set a pulser width:
Step 1: Activate the PLSRCVR Menu (located in the HOME Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Select the PULSER submenu by pressing u below it. Step 3: If a SPIKE pulser type is selected, set the ENERGY level to HIGH or LOW. If a SQUARE type is selected (58L only), press v next to the function titled VOLTAGE. Set a voltage level between 50 and 450 volts by turning the function knob.
H Note: When a SPIKE type pulse is selected, the pulser VOLTAGE and WIDTH functions (sections 2.3.7 and 2.3.8) are disabled.
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Step 1: Activate The PLSRCVR Menu. Step 2: Select the PULSER submenu. Step 3: Press next to he function titled WIDTH. Change the value by turning the function knob.
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Calibrating the Instrument

REJECT is set to a value greater then 0%, the will appear in the status bar.
H Note: The pulser voltage and width settings may be automatically limited based on the user-selected PRF VALUE setting (section 2.3.4). This feature acts to limit signal dissipation.
2.4 Calibrating the Instrument

2.4.1 Pre-calibration Check List
To improve the accuracy and quality of your calibration, be sure that the following conditions are met before launching the calibration function: Probe installed Dual (Receiver) setting must match probe Set the material type Recommended that PROBE DELAY and DISPLAY DELAY be set to 0 PRF set to AUTOHIGH or AUTOLOW. TCGTurned OFF
2.3.9 Setting the A-Scan REJECT Level

A portion of the A-Scan can be omitted from the display screen. To omit a portion of the A-Scan, you must define the percentage of full-screen height you wish to omit. To set a reject percentage
Step 1: Activate the PLSRCVR menu (located in the HOME Menu) by pressing u below it. Step 2: Select the RECEIVER submenu by pressing u below it. Step 3: Press v next to the function titled REJECT. Step 4: To change the amount of A-Scan you wish to omit from the display screen (as a percentage of screen height) turn the function knob. You may omit A-Scans up to 80% of the screen height. Whenever
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Master LockTurned OFF Recommended that REJECT be set to 0.
2.4.2 Using AUTOCAL to Calibrate USN 58 Series Instruments

(Read the following while reviewing Figure 2-6) Step 1: From the Home Menu, activate the Autocal Menu by pressing u below it. The SETUP submenu will be highlighted and four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled S-REF1 and turn the function knob until the value of S-REF1 matches the thickness of the thinner calibration standard. Step 3: Press v next to the selection titled S-REF2 and turn the function knob until the value of S-REF2 matches the thickness of the thicker calibration standard. Step 4: Apply couplant and couple the probe to the thinner calibration standard. Press v next to the
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selection titled A START. Turn the function knob (this will shift the starting point of the A-Gate) until the AGate lies over the echo corresponding to the thinner standards thickness (Figure 2-6).
Step 5: Press v next to the selection titled RECORD. The value in the function box will change from OFF to S-REF1?. While maintaining the signal in the A-Gate, press v next to RECORD again. The value in the function box will now read S-REF2 ?. Step 6: Apply couplant and couple the probe to the thicker calibration standard. Press v next to the selection titled A START. Turn the function knob (this will shift the starting point of the A-Gate) until the AGate lies over the echo corresponding to the thicker standards thickness (Figure 2-6). Step 7: Press v next to the selection titled RECORD. The value in the function box will change from S-REF2 ? to OFF. The USN 60 will automatically calculate the materials velocity and the probe delay.
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FIGURE 2-6Auto Calibration Procedures

Checking Calibration Results

Following the calibration procedure, the calculated acoustical velocity and probe delay are displayed. To view these calculated values:
Step 1: Access the Autocal Menu (located in the Home Menu) or Range submenu (located in the Basic Menu). Step 2: Youll find these selections:
VELOCITYDisplays the calculated velocity after calibration. PROBE DELAYAdjustment made as a result of the AUTOCAL (zeroing) procedure. This represents the time delay caused by sound-wave travel through a probes membrane, wear plate, or delay line.
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Configuring Your Instrument for Measurement 3
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Configuring Your Instrument for Measurement

This chapter explains how to configure your instruments flaw detection and thickness measurement capabilities. In this chapter, youll learn how to Adjust the A and B-Gates, alarms, and TTL outputs (section 3.1) Choose a GATE-DETECTION MODE (peak or flank) (section 3.1.2) Specify the action taken by the MAGNIFY MODE (section 3.1.3) Setting and clearing TTL Outputs and Alarms (sections 3.1.4 and 3.1.5) Setting the amplitude measurement units for each gate (section 3.1.6) Select the maximum and minimum materialthickness limits (section 3.2) Specify the action taken by the FREEZE MODE (section 3.3) Configure the instrument for use of ANGLE BEAM probes (section 3.4)
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Configuring the A and B-Gates
Identify which measured data to display in the four RESULTS boxes (section 3.5) Saving the instruments settings as a data set (section 3.6) Lock the instrument to prevent further adjustment of settings (section 3.7)
3.1 Configuring the A and B-Gates

Setting the position and characteristics of the A and B-Gates is the first step to configuring the USN 58 for flaw detecting or material-thickness measurement. The GATES menu controls not only the location of the A and B-Gates, but also the alarms and other features activated when an A-Scan signal crosses a specific gate. From the Home Menu, activate the Gates Menu by pressing u below it. The submenus and functions available in the Gates Menu are shown in Figure 3-1. Those submenus shown as gray boxes in the figure are discussed in this manual section.
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FIGURE 3-1The Gates Menu allows the user to position and otherwise configure the instruments gates.
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3.1.1 Positioning Gates

Use the following procedures to set the vertical and horizontal position of the A and B-Gates. The effect of each gate-positioning function is shown in Figure 3-2. Note that the A-Gate is always displayed as a heavier line than the B-Gate or optional IF Gate. Remember that gate position has the following effects on instrument performance: A-Scan echos on the right side of the display screen represent features that occur at a greater depth from the test-material surface than those on the left of the display screen. Therefore, moving a gate to the right means that the gate is evaluating a deeper portion of the test material A wider gate will simply span the equivalent of more test-material depth Increasing the vertical height (called threshold) of a gate means that only reflected signals of sufficiently large amplitude will cross the gate
Setting a Gates Starting Point (GATES-POSITION-GATE START)

Step 1: Activate the POSITION submenu (located in the GATES Menu). Step 2: Select the gate to be positioned (A and BGates in the base model USN 58) using the GATE SELECT function. The color of function-block values matches the color of the corresponding gate. Step 3: Select the GATE START function and adjust the starting point by turning the Function Knob. Increasing and decreasing the value of the starting point moves the gate to the right and left, respectively. Step 4: The gate starting point will remain as set, even when width adjustments are made.
H Note: The position of Gate B can be linked to Gate As starting point (using the START MODE function located in the GATEMODE submenu). In this case, Gate Bs GATE START position is measured from Gate As starting point. This facilitates multi-echo
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FIGURE 3-2Gate position and width can be adjusted as shown here.


measurement. See section 3.5 to display the gate-togate thickness measurement, SBA.
Increasing and decreasing the value of the threshold moves the gate up and down, respectively.
Adjusting a Gates Width (GATES-POSITION-GATE WIDTH)

Step 1: Activate the POSITION submenu. Step 2: Select the gate to be positioned using the GATE SELECT function. Step 3: Select the GATE WIDTH function and adjust by turning the Function Knob.
3.1.2 Selecting the Gate Detection Method

A-Scan signals crossing the A or B-Gate are evaluated for the purposes of flaw detection and materialthickness evaluation. When the signal crosses the A or B-Gate, either the gate-crossing point (flank) of the signal, or the maximum point (peak) of the signal (in the specific gate) is used for evaluation purposes. The DETECTION function allows the user to specify which A-Scan feature (FLANK or PEAK) is used to evaluate the signal in each gate. See Figure 3-3.
Setting a Gates Threshold (Vertical Position) (GATES-POSITION-GATE THRESHOLD)

Step 1: Activate the POSITION submenu. Step 2: Select the gate to be positioned using the GATE SELECT function. Step 3: Select the GATE THRESHOLD function and adjust the vertical height by turning the Function Knob.
Setting the A-Scan Signal-Detection Method

Step 1: Activate the GATE MODE submenu (located in the GATES Menu). Step 2: Select the gate to be positioned (A and B-Gates in the base model USN 58) using the GATE SELECT function.
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FIGURE 3-3Setting Gate Detection Mode
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Step 3: Select the DETECTION function and choose between FLANK and PEAK methods.
Note that the detection method chosen will be reflected by a small icon. This icon is displayed in the display box containing the measured reading, and in the options offered in the READING 1 through 4 function boxes (see Figure 3-3)
thats displayed in the specified gate. To specify the magnified gate:
Step 1: Activate the GATEMODE submenu. Step 2: Select the MAGNIFY GATE function and specify the desired gate.
3.1.3 Selecting the Gate to be Magnified

Whenever an A-Scan is active, pressing H enlarges the displayed portion of the A-Scan contained in the specified gate. This can also be accomplished when the Test Menu (X) is selected by pressing u below the MAGNIFY selection. Any of the available gates may be specified. The width of the magnified gate determines the level of magnification since the display is magnified until the gate width equals the full-screen width. The display will contain the magnified view until H is pressed again or MAGNIFY is again selected with the u key. Pressing u below the MAGNIFY selection (found in the Test Menu) magnifies the portion of the A-Scan
3.1.4 Setting Gate Alarms and TTL Outputs

An alarm can be set for each gate. When a gate alarm is activated, one or more of the following will occur: An alarm indication light on the front of the instrument will illuminate An audible alarm (HORN) will sound A TTL alarm signal will be output
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Defining Gate-Alarm Logic (GATES-ALARMS-LOGIC)

Each gates alarm can be triggered under one of two circumstances. Gate alarms can be set to trigger when an A-Scan echo crosses the gate or when no echo crosses the gate. Use the following procedure to specify GATE LOGIC settings:
Turning the Audible Alarm On or Off (GATES-ALARMS-HORN)

When any gates alarm is triggered, an audible horn will sound. Use the following procedure to turn this horn off or on:
Step 1: Activate the ALARMS submenu (in the GATES Menu). Step 2: Select the HORN function and turn the audible alarm ON or OFF.
Step 1: Activate the ALARMS submenu (in the GATES Menu).

Step 2: Select the gate whose logic you wish to specify. Step 3: Select the LOGIC function and choose the gate-alarm triggering logic: POSITIVEAn A-Scan signal crosses the gate NEGATIVENo A-Scan signal crosses the gate MEASUREAn A-Scan signal crosses the gate but, in this mode no warning light illuminates OFFNo alarm will be connected to the selected gate
Assigning TTL Outputs / Alarm Indication Lights to Gates and/or Limits (GATES-TTL OUT-TTL #1,2,3)
Three warning lights appear on the front of the instrument (see Figure 1-2 for light location). These lights are labeled 1, 2, 3. Each light corresponds to a TTL Output, which is in-turn assigned to a gate alarm or a user-inputted minimum or maximum material thickness limit. When a gate alarm is triggered, or a limit is violated, the corresponding TTL is activated. This produces a TTL output signal to be sent to the
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REAL TIME I/O port and causes the matching warning light to illuminate (except when the GATE LOGIC is set to MEASURE). Note that these TTL outputs (as well as all Analog outputs) can also be delayed to facilitate data sequencing. (see section 7.2) Use the following procedure to assign each TTL to a gate alarm or limit:
HIGH LIMIT-selected TTL and matched alarm light indicate when material thickness (displayed in the large reading box) is greater than the high limit setting OFF-selected TTL and alarm indication light will not function
Step 1: Activate the TTL OUT submenu (in the GATES Menu). Step 2: Select the TTL (#1, 2, or 3) you wish to assign. Step 3: Assign each TTL value to one of the following selections:
A-GATE-selected TTL and alarm light indicate when A-Gates alarm triggers B-GATE-selected TTL and alarm light indicate when B-Gates alarm triggers LOW LIMIT-selected TTL and alarm light indicate when material thickness (displayed in the large reading box) is less than the low limit setting
3.1.5 Clearing TTL Outputs and/or Warning Lights (GATES-TTL OUT-MODE)

When a TTL output and the corresponding alarm indication light are activated, the warning may remain set only as long as the alarm condition exists, or the alarm may continue to be active for some longer period of time. Use the following procedure to adjust the TTL Output Mode:
Step 1: Activate the TTL OUT submenu (in the GATES Menu). Step 2: Assign the MODE function to one of the following selections:
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Setting the Minimum and Maximum Material-Thickness Limits

Step 3: Select the AMPLITUDE function by pressing v next to it. Youll note these two choices:
% Screen Height dB Thresholddisplays amplitude reading as a dB difference between the echos peak and the gate threshold (dBtA, or between the echo and the reference echo when operating in dB REF mode (dBrA - see section 4.3 to operate in dB REF mode).
INSTANTANEOUSOne warning signal is tripped for each instrument cycle. Alarm sounds for as long as the alarm condition exists TIMEDWarning triggered when on the first instrument cycle in which a violation exists. Warning continues to signal for 0.25, .5, 1, or 2 seconds after the first cycle in which the alarm condition no long exists LATCHEDWarning signals until reset by either selecting ALRM RST (in the Test Menu) or by an external reset via the REAL TIME I/O port.
Step 4: The AMPLITUDE function selection will effect the list of available reading values listed in section 3.5.
3.1.6 Setting the Units of Amplitude Measurement

Amplitude values can be expressed in terms of percentage of screen height (for the highest echo in the reference gate) or in terms of the dB difference between the echos peak and the gates threshold level. To select the amplitude units of measurement
3.2 Setting the Minimum and Maximum Material-Thickness Limits

The user can specify minimum and maximum expected material-thickness limits. Depending on the alarm configuration (see 3.1.4 for setting alarms), an alarm can be triggered anytime a detected thickness violates these limits.
Step 1: Activate the PLSRCR menu by pressing u. Step 2: Activate the GAIN submenu by pressing u.
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Setting the Freeze-Mode Action
Setting the Minimum and Maximum Thickness Limits (GATES-LIMITS-HIGH OR LOW LIMIT)
The user can specify minimum and maximum materialthickness limits. Anytime a measured material thickness (displayed in the large reading box) violates these limits, an alarm and TTL output can be triggered (See 3.1.4 for setting alarms). To set the expected minimum and maximum material thickness:
appeared when W was pressed and the display will remain frozen until W is pressed again. There are several frozen-display configurations that allow subsequent A-Scans to be displayed and evaluated against the frozen A-Scan. The configuration of the frozen display is determined by the FREEZE MODE setting. There are four freeze configurations, as shown in Figure 3-4.
Step 1: Activate the GATES menu. Step 2: Activate the LIMITS submenu. Step 3: Select the HIGH LIMIT function and input the value of the maximum material thickness. Step 4: Select the LOW LIMIT function and input the value of the minimum material thickness.
Selecting the Freeze-Mode Action (BASIC-OPTIONS-FREEZE MODE)

Pressing W freezes the currently displayed A-Scan. To select the desired configuration of the frozen A-Scan display:
Step 1: Activate the BASIC menu. Step 2: Activate the OPTIONS submenu. Step 3: Select the FREEZE MODE function and choose from the following selections:
ALLFreezes the currently active A-Scan. No additional A-Scans are displayed until the display is unfrozen. (See following NOTE regarding Behind the Freeze Mode)
3.3 Setting the Freeze-Mode Action

Whenever an A-Scan is active, pressing W freezes the A-Scan display. The active A-Scan will remain as it
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Setting the Freeze-Mode Action
FIGURE 3-4Four different freeze modes are available to allow for alternative viewing of frozen and active A-Scans.

COMPAREFreezes the currently active A-Scan on the display screen (which is displayed in an alternate color in the 58L) then displays subsequent live A-Scans. Frozen A-Scan is cleared by selecting an alternative FREEZE MODE PEAK STDThe frozen A-Scan is displayed and adjusted to match subsequent echoes whenever higher-amplitude echoes are measured. This has the effect of building onto the frozen A-Scan whenever a higher-amplitude echo is encountered. 58R ENVELOPE PEAKThe frozen A-Scan is displayed and adjusted (just as in PEAK STD mode). Each displayed point remains until another of greater amplitude occurs. Simultaneously, subsequent live echoes are also displayed. 58L ENVELOPE (PEAK, .5S, 1S, 2S)The frozen A-Scan is displayed and adjusted (just as in PEAK STD) except that the frozen A-Scan persists for the specified time. Depending on the ENVELOPE mode (.5S, 1S, 2S) selected, the points in the Frozen A-Scan are automatically replaced by live readings at .5, 1, or 2 second intervals. When Envelope PEAK is selected, each point remains until another
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Using Angle Beam Probes and the TRIG Menu
of greater amplitude occurs. (Simultaneously, subsequent live echoes are also displayed in the selected A-Scan color.) H Note: Behind the Freeze Mode is a special feature which allows for limited dynamic time-base adjustment of frozen echoes. This mode is only available when FREEZE MODE is set to ALL. In this mode (which is illustrated in section 4.9) the A-Scan display delay and range, as well as the gate start, width, and threshold can all be adjusted after an A-Scan is frozen. Adjusting these settings will cause the related measurements to change.
3.4 Using Angle Beam Probes and the TRIG Menu

When connecting an angle beam probe to the instrument, adjustments must be made for probe characteristics as well as test-piece geometry. These features are shown in Figure 3-5 and include Probe Angle
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Using Angle Beam Probes and the TRIG Menu

Probes X value (distance from the probes Beam Index Point (BIP) to the front edge of its wedge.) Certain test-piece features must also be input when conducting angle beam probe measurements, including Material Thickness Outside Diameter for Curved Test Pieces (set to infinity for flat test pieces)
3.4.1 Setting Angle Beam Probe Characteristics

To configure the instrument for an angle-beam probe, follow this procedure
Step 1: Activate the Setup submenu located in the TRIG menu. To access the TRIG menu, press h then select NEXT two times by pressing u. Step 2: Select the PROBE ANGLE function and input the angle for the probe youve installed. Step 3: Select the THICKNESS function and input the thickness of the test piece.
FIGURE 3-5Angle Beam Flaw Detection

Step 4: Select the X VALUE function and input the user-determined X value for the probe. When desired, this compensates for the distance from the BIP to the front of the probes wedge. Step 5: Select the O-DIAMETER function and input the outside diameter of a curved test piece (when using angle beam probes only). Note that this value should be set to FLAT when evaluating flat (non-curved) test pieces. Also, note that when O-DIAMETER is set to any value other then FLAT, the d will appear in the icon bar near the top right-hand corner of the instrument display. If the defined geometry is outside of the instruments curved testpiece capability, the d will be displayed.
Displaying Measured Readings
When set to A-SCAN (meaning the leg-indicating color is applied to the A-Scan itself, and not the background) the following requirements must be met before the COLOR LEG function will operate: Start mode of Gates A and B must be set to IP Display Start mode must be set to IP Freeze mode must be set to ALL or PEAK A-Scan Enhance must be set to NONE or BASELINE BREAK
3.5 Displaying Measured Readings

The USN 58 is capable of displaying up to four measured readings at one time. Parameters available for display include the following (availability depends on instrument configuration and operating mode): A%AAmplitude (as a % of full-screen height) of the highest echo to cross A-Gate A%BAmplitude (as a % of full-screen height) of the highest echo to cross B-Gate
3.4.2 Indicating Leg with Color (58L)

The leg in which a reflector is encountered, as identified in Figure 3-5, can be visually indicated on the instrument display using color. Setting the COLOR LEG function (located in the COLORING submenu of the TRIG menu) to either ASCAN or GRID will cause each ultrasonic leg to be displayed in a unique color.
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SASound-Path distance or duration represented by the highest echo to cross A-Gate SBSound-Path distance or duration represented by the highest echo to cross B-Gate SBASound-Path distance or duration from the highest echo in A-Gate to the echo in B-Gate. Reading is only available if B-Gate and A-Gate are on. DAMaterial-thickness depth from the test-piece surface (the probe-contacted side) to the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate. (see Figure 3-5) DBMaterial-thickness depth from the test-piece surface (the probe-contacted side) to the reflector represented by the echo in B-Gate. (see Figure 3-5) DBAMaterial-thickness depth from the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate to the one represented by the echo in B-Gate. PAProjection distance from the probes BIP to the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate. (see Figure 3-5)
dBtAdB difference between the height of A-Gate and the height of the highest echo in A-Gate. (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD) dBtBdB difference between the height of B-Gate and the height of the highest echo in B-Gate. (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD) dBrAdB difference between the reference echo the height of the highest echo in A-Gate. (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD and dB REF is ON) dBrBdB difference between the reference echo and the height of the highest echo in B-Gate. (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD and dB REF is ON)
Note that when S, D, P, or R readings are displayed, the Gate-Detection Mode (3.1.2) setting for the referenced gate (A or B) is indicated by a ^ (Peak Mode) or a / (Flank Mode).
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PBProjection distance from the probes BIP to the reflector represented by the echo in B-Gate. (see Figure 3-5) PBAProjection distance from the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate to the one represented by the echo in B-Gate. RAProjection distance from the probes BIP to the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate, minus the inputted X-VALUE. (see Figure 3-5) RBProjection distance from the probes BIP to the reflector represented by the echo in B-Gate, minus the inputted X-VALUE. (see Figure 3-5) RBAProjection distance from the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate to the one represented by the echo in B-Gate, minus the inputted X-VALUE. LALeg Indicator identifies on which leg the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate was detected (Legs 1 through 5). (see Figure 3-5) LBLeg Indicator identifies on which leg the reflector represented by the echo in B-Gate was detected (Legs 1 through 5). (see Figure 3-5)
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LBAIndicates the number of legs between the reflector represented by the echo in A-Gate and the one represented by the echo in B-Gate. OFFNo reading will be displayed in the reading box. The four measured readings can be displayed in any of the four small reading boxes at the top of the display screen. In addition, the result displayed in one of the four small boxes can be shown in the large reading box (see Figure 3-6). Also note that when time or thickness readings are displayed, the detection method selected for that gate is indicated with a ^ (representing PEAK) or / (representing FLANK). See 3.1.2 to select detection methods.
Assigning Measured Readings to the Displayed Reading Boxes (BASIC-RESULTS-READING #)

The display includes a total of five boxes where measured values can be displayed. Four small reading boxes can each contain one of four measured
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FIGURE 3-6The RESULTS submenu is used to specify which measured values to display.

values. A large reading box can display, in a larger format, any one of the values shown in the small boxes. To define the reading-box contents: H Note:
Saving the Instrument Configuration in a Data Set
Only thickness measurements contained in the large display box can be stored in data logger files.
Step 1: Activate the BASIC menu. Step 2: Select the RESULTS submenu. Step 3: Select the READING box location you wish to specify and choose from several of the selections listed above (available readings depend on designated operating mode):
H Note: Under certain conditions (when a DGS reference echo is stored, while TCG reference points are being recorded, or when AWS MODE is ON) two measurement result boxes will be automatically set (if not already configured) to display SA and A%A values. These result selections will remain locked until the DGS reference is deleted, the TCG recording process is finished, or AWS MODE is turned OFF.
3.6 Saving the Instrument Configuration in a Data Set

Instrument settings can be stored as Data Sets. Those functional settings that are saved within a data set are shown in Table 5.1. When a stored data set is later recalled, all active functional settings are replaced with those settings contained in the data set, and the stored A-Scan is displayed and frozen on the display screen (if stored with data set). Once a data set is recalled, the newly active functional settings may be modified. Anytime that data set is recalled, the functional settings will be returned to their initially stored values. The operating parameters of a stored data set can be modified after recalling the data set by selecting SAVE EDITS in the ACTION function, then following the on-screen instructions. See section 5.1.2 to create a data set file.
Step 4: The large display box is modified from the TEST menu. Access the Test menu by pressing X, then press u below the LRG DISP selection until the large reading box contains the desired value.
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Using the Master Lock Function to Prevent Setting Adjustment
3.7 Using the Master Lock (all models) Function or the Lock Key (58L) to Prevent Adjustment
To prevent modification of settings (except for the Gain Knob), the instrument may be locked using the MASTER LOCK function. Alternatively, pressing (58L only) prevents modifications of settings and disables the gain knob. When the instrument is locked, the x will appear in the upper left corner of the display screen. To lock the instrument (except for the Gain Knob):
Locking the Gain and Function Rotary Knobs

The gain and function knobs can be locked so that turning either knob has no effect on the instrument. This feature operates independently of the instruments Master Lock and x (on the 58L) and does not prevent adjustment of function values as long as those changes are made by pressing a function key (v). To lock the gain and function knobs:
Step 1: Activate the TEST MENU by pressing X. Step 2: Press u below the selection titled dB STEP. Step 3: Continue pressing u while observing that the value of dB STEP (in the upper left-hand corner of the display) changes to various step values. When the word LOCK appears as the dB STEP value, the gain and function knobs are locked. Step 4: To unlock the knobs, change the setting of dB STEP to some value other than LOCK.
Step 1: Activate the Options submenu (located in the BASIC Menu). Step 2: Select the MASTER LOCK function by pressing v. Step 3: Turning the MASTER LOCK ON will cause the x to appear in the upper right corner of the display screen and will prevent further adjustment of most instrument settings. Setting this function to OFF will unlock the instrument.
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Using the Test Menu
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Using the Test Menu

This chapter explains how to use the features found in your instruments Test Menu, how to freeze a displayed A-Scan, and how to access the Help Screens. Youll also learn how to use the full range of gainadjustments. In this chapter, youll learn how to Access the Test Menu (section 4.1) Adjust the A-Scan gain using the Gain Knob and the dB STEP feature (section 4.2) Use the dB REFERENCE feature (section 4.3) Change the displayed VIEW (section 4.4) Navigate through an active data logger file and attach NOTES to thickness measurements (section 4.5) MAGNIFY the contents of a selected gate (section 4.6) Reset latched alarms (section 4.7) Select the value to view in the LARGE DISPLAY box (section 4.8)
Accessing the TEST Menu
FREEZE and unfreeze the A-Scan and work in the Behind the Freeze Mode (section 4.9) Access the instruments HELP SCREENS (section 4.10)
4.1 Accessing the TEST Menu

The Test Menu contains six features which are directly controlled with the six Menu Keys arranged under the display screen. To access the Test Menu from anywhere else in the menu system, press X. The display will appear as shown in Figure 4-1 (if the probe is coupled to a test piece) with one possible exception. The function bar displayed when X is pressed will continue to be displayed together with the Test Menu. Pressing X when the Test Menu is displayed will change the menu bar to the grid markers. Another press will place display delay and range values under the A-Scan while a fourth press returns the display to the menu location from which it originated.
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Accessing the TEST Menu
Using the Test Menu
FIGURE 4-1The Test Menu includes these menu-key controlled features as well as whichever four functions were active when X was pressed. While the placement of some keys vary, all USN 58 series instruments display the same test menu.
Using the Test Menu
Setting the Gain
4.2 Setting the Gain

Instrument gain, which increases and decreases the height of a displayed A-Scan, is adjusted with the Gain Knob as shown in Figure 4-2. The instruments gain can be adjusted while in any menu location except when the dB STEP feature is set to LOCK. Note that the MASTER LOCK function, which causesx to appear in the icon bar, does not prevent gain adjustment.
Step 1: Activate the TEST MENU by pressing X and proceed to Step 2 or press V and immediately proceed to Step 3. Step 2: Press u below the feature titled dB STEP. Step 3: Note that the dB STEP (gain-adjustment increment) value, as labeled in Figure 4-2, changes as you continue to push u. Available increments include: 0.1 dB, 0.5 dB, 1.0 dB, 2.0 dB, 6 dB, a user-defined Gain Step (if one has been defined), and LOCK. To specify a user-defined dB STEP value, see the next manual procedure. Note that setting the dB STEP to LOCK prevents adjustment of the instrument gain and prevents any changes using the Function knob. Also note that the dB STEP setting can be changed from the GAIN submenu found in the PLSRCVR menu. Step 4: Once a dB STEP value has been selected, each click of the Gain Knob will increase or decrease the instruments gain by the dB STEP increment.
4.2.1 Changing the Gain-Adjustment Increment (dB STEP)

When adjusting the A-Scan gain, each click of the gain-adjustment knob increases or decreases the gain level by a dB increment equal to the dB STEP. Several values can be specified for dB STEP, including a userspecified gain step, known as the USER GAIN STEP, and a gain Function knob adjustment LOCK, which prevents any gain adjustment and any changes using the Function knob. To select one of the existing dB STEP values:
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Setting the Gain
Using the Test Menu
FIGURE 4-2Setting instrument gain and the gain adjustment capability

Using the Test Menu

H Note: Setting dB STEP to LOCK prevents any adjustment using either the Gain or Function Knob.
Using the dB Reference Feature
4.3 Using the dB Reference Feature

When dB REF is activated, the amplitude of the highest echo in A-Gate becomes the reference echo against which subsequent echo amplitudes are evaluated. At the time of dB REF activation, the gain setting also becomes a reference against which subsequent gain values are compared. dB REF is activated from the Test Menu by pressing u below the dBREF selection. Its important to remember that the highest echo in A-Gate and GAIN setting, when dB REF is selected, will become the reference amplitude and gain value for as long as dB REF is activated. Note that dB REF can also be turned on from the GAIN Submenu found in the PLSRCVR Menu. H Note: The reference echo amplitude must not exceed 100% of full-screen height.
4.2.2 Setting the User-Defined Gain Step (PLSRCVR-GAIN-USER GAIN)

When adjusting the A-Scan gain, each click of the gain-adjustment knob increases or decreases the gain level by the amount of the dB STEP (see above for adjusting the dB STEP). Several values can be specified for dB STEP, including a user-specified gain step, known as USER GAIN STEP. To input a userspecified gain step:
Step 1: Activate the GAIN submenu (located in the Plsrcvr Menu) by pressing u below it. Four functions will appear down the right side of the display screen. Step 2: Press v next to the selection titled USER GAIN STEP. Step 3: To set the USER GAIN STEP size, continue pressing v or turn the function knob.
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Using the dB Reference Feature
Using the Test Menu
FIGURE 4-3dB Ref capabilities

Using the Test Menu

Once dB REF is activated, the Gain-Display Block lists both the Reference Gain and Incremental Gain levels. Also, the icon will appear. The Reference Gain remains constant throughout the dB REF session while the Incremental Gain value changes as the Gain Knob is rotated (Figure 4-3). After dB REF is activated, any amplitude measurements are stated in relation to the reference echo amplitude. Available amplitude readings (see section 3.5 to change display-box reading values) when operating in dB REF mode are dBrAdB difference between the reference echo and the highest echo to cross A-Gate (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD). dBrBdB difference between the reference echo and the highest echo to cross B-Gate (available when AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD).
Changing the Displayed VIEW
4.4 Changing the Displayed VIEW

The instrument is capable of displaying an active A-Scan in three different VIEW modes (Figures 4-4 and 4-5) including: Full-screen A-Scan Half-screen A-Scan with memory and file status in the lower portion of the display Half-screen A-Scan with File Navigation Window in the lower portion of the display (only when a data logger file is active) To change the displayed VIEW, activate the Test Menu and press below the VIEW feature.
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Changing the Displayed VIEW
Using the Test Menu
FIGURE 4-4Three display options are available to allow the user to view an A-Scan while navigating through a data logger file or examining existing file count and available memory.
Using the Test Menu
Navigating Through a Data Logger File and Attaching Notes
4.5 Navigating Through a Data Logger File and Attaching Notes

Thickness measurements may be stored in data logger files (see section 5.1 to create a data logger file). After a data logger file is created, the user may select specific file locations, make them active, and store thickness readings in those locations by pressing C (see 5.2 to store thickness measurements). The user may also attach one or more notes to each data logger file location. To navigate through the file contents of a data logger file
Step 4: Follow the navigation instructions and attach notes as shown in Figure 4-5. Note that all available notes can be displayed by setting the NOTE ACTION function to DISPLAY NOTES.
4.6 Magnifying the Contents of a Gate

Whenever an A-Scan is active, presssing H enlarges the displayed portion of the A-Scan contained in a specified gate. This can also be accomplished when the Test Menu (X) is activated, by pressing u below the MAGNIFY feature. Any available gate may be specified. The width of the magnified gate determines the level of magnification. This is because the display is magnified until the gate width equals 100% fullscreen width. (Figure 4-6) The display will contain the magnified view until H is pressed a second time or MAGNIFY is again selected with u.
Step 1: Ensure that a data logger file is open by selecting it with the FILENAME function (in the Files submenu). (VIEW is not applicable to data set files as they do not contain thickness measurements.) Step 2: Activate the Test Menu (or access the DL DATA Function from the FILES menu). Step 3: Press u below the VIEW selection.
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Magnifying the Contents of a Gate
Using the Test Menu
FIGURE 4-5This display option allows the user to view an A-Scan while navigating through a data logger file. In this view the contents and attached notes of an active data logger file are visible.
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Using the Test Menu
Magnifying the Contents of a Gate
FIGURE 4-6The Magnify feature magnifies the A-Scan contents of a gate. The gate to be magnified is selected by the user.
Resetting Latched Alarms
Using the Test Menu
Selecting the Gate to Be Magnified (GATES-GATEMODE-MAGNIFY GATE)

Pressing u below the MAGNIFY selection (whenever the Test Menu is active) magnifies the portion of the A-Scan thats displayed in the specified gate. To specify the magnified gate:
4.8 Large Display Box-Specifying the Contents (LRG DISP)

The USN 58 is capable of displaying up to four measured readings in the four small reading boxes at the top of the display screen (see 3.4 to set the small reading box values). In addition, the result displayed in one of the four small boxes can be shown in the large reading box in the top right-hand corner of the display (see Figure 4-7). The large display boxs contents are modified from the TEST menu by pressing u below the LRG DISP selection until the large reading box contains the desired value. H Note: When so configured, pressing C stores the value in the Large Display Box in an active data logger file, or outputs this value via the RS 232 Port. Only thickness readings (and not amplitude readings) may be stored in data logger files. Section 5.2 explains how to configure the C function. The value displayed in the Large
Step 1: Activate the GATEMODE submenu. Step 2: Select the MAGNIFY GATE function and specify the desired gate.
4.7 Resetting Latched Alarms

When a TTL output and the corresponding alarm indication light are activated, and TTL output mode is set to LATCHED (section 3.1.5) the warning will remain set until cleared. To clear a latched alarm:
Step 1: Activate the Test Menu. Step 2: Press u below the ALRM RST selection or reset the alarm using an external signal via the Real Time I/O port.
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Using the Test Menu
Large Display Box Specifying the Contents (LRG DISP)
FIGURE 4-7Notice that when time or thickness readings (SA, SB, etc.) are displayed, in the small or large display boxes, the detection method selected for that gate is indicated with a ^ (representing PEAK) or / (representing FLANK). Available readings are the same for all USN 58 series instruments.
Freezing the A-Scan Display
Using the Test Menu
Display Box is also used for the Smart View A-Scan Mode selection. (Refer to section 6.3)
4.9.1 Working in the Behind the Freeze Mode

Behind the Freeze Mode is a special feature, which allows for limited dynamic time-base adjustment of frozen echoes. This mode is only available when FREEZE MODE is set to ALL. In this mode the AScan display delay and range, as well as the gate start, width, and threshold can all be adjusted (by a limited amount) after an A-Scan is frozen. Adjusting these settings will cause the related measurements to change.
4.9 Freezing the A-Scan Display

Whenever an A-Scan is active, pressing the freeze key (W) freezes the A-Scan display. The active A-Scan will remain as it appeared when W was pressed and the display will remain frozen until W is pressed again. There are several frozen-display configurations, however, that allow subsequent A-Scans to be displayed and evaluated against the frozen A-Scan (compare) or that adjust the frozen A-Scan whenever an active echo is higher in amplitude (PEAK STD). The configuration of the frozen display is determined by the FREEZE MODE setting (see section 3.3 to adjust this setting). There are four freeze configurations, as shown in Figure 4-8. While the display is frozen, the displayed readings are based on the frozen echoes.
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Using the Test Menu
Freezing the A-Scan Display
FIGURE 4-8There are four different freeze modes available.

Accessing the HELP SCREENS
Using the Test Menu

explanation for each displayed function. Press ? to access the HELP SCREENS for the displayed functions. The help screen will remain active until ? is pressed again. Note that selecting another submenu and changing the displayed functions causes the help-screen information for the new functions to be displayed.
4.10 Accessing the HELP SCREENS

Based on the submenu selected, one or more functions appear in the function bar. These four function positions and the function bar are identified in Figure 4-9. The HELP SCREEN contains a brief
FIGURE 4-9 The Help Screen contains a description for each displayed function. The USN 58L Help Screen display includes the active function bar.
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Storing and Outputting Data
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5-1

Your instrument is equipped with a data-storage system. A-Scans instrument settings, thickness readings, and notes can be stored in data files for later retrieval. Information to be contained in report headers, as well as short memos may also be included in files. Files are created, modified, recalled, and deleted by using the FILES MENU (Figure 5-1). Data logger file contents, along with specified attachments can be output to a personal computer or printer. The outputting functions are accessed through the FILES MENU. Finally, instrument settings can be stored as data sets. Most functional settings are saved within a data set. When a stored data set is later recalled, all active function settings will be modified to match those contained in the data set. The FILES MENU is used to create, recall, and delete data sets. (See section 3.5 to work with data sets). In this chapter, youll learn how to work with all FILES MENU functions including: CREATE and name new (data logger or data set) files (section 5.1) SAVE EDITS to existing files (section 5.1.3)
Store thickness measurements in a data logger file (section 5.2) RECALL and PREVIEW existing files (section 5.3) Delete (CLEAR) existing files (section 5.4) Create and attach a MEMO to a Data file (5.5) Input REPORT-HEADER information (section 5.6) Edit NOTES to be attached to stored readings (section 5.7) Specify REPORT Content and print reports (section 5.8) Configure the instrument to output data to a printer via the RS-232 serial port (section 5.9) Configure the instrument to output data to a personal computer via the RS-232 serial port. (section 5.10) Set the action taken when C is pressed (section 5.9.1)
FIGURE 5-1The Files Menu allows access to all data storage, and output functions.
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Data Set and Data Logger Files
5.1 Data Set and Data Logger Files

Data set files are used to store a specific instrumentsetup configuration. Instrument settings, and the active A-Scan, present when the data set file is created are stored in the file. Table 5-1 lists all settings saved in a data set file. When the data set file is recalled, all instrument settings are modified to match the settings stored in the data set file. However, once a data set file is opened, instrument settings may be modified from their data-set-file configurations. However, these changes will only affect the data set file if additional actions are taken to do so as described
in section 5.1.3. Otherwise, the original file structure will remain as-saved.
Data logger files are used to store thickness measurements, along with the same instrument settings stored in data set files (Table 5-2). Data logger files can be arranged into one of three file types: LINEAR (a series of 1 to 99,999 consecutive data points), GRID (a matrix of data points up to 701 x 701), or CUSTOM LINEAR (up to 999 data points stored in up to 9,999 locations). After a data logger file is created, thickness data can be stored, erased, and modified in that file.
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Table 5-1 Data Set File Settings
A Detection Mode A Logi c A Start A Start Mode A Threshold A Width Alarm Mode Alarm Selected Amplitude Mode Ascan Enhance Ascan Mode AutoCal Thick Ref AutoCal Thin Ref AWS Attenuation AWS Indication AWS Mode AWS Rating AWS Reference B Detection Mode B Logi c
B Start B Start Mode B Threshold B Width BW Attenuator Gain BW Attenuator Mode Color Leg (58L) Damping DB Ref Gain DB Ref Mode Delay Mode DGS Curve DGS Delay Velocity DGS Eval Result DGS Mode DGS Probe DGS Ref Attenuation DGS Ref Recorded DGS Ref Size
DGS Reference Amp
IF Offset
Noise Window #1 Noise Window #2 Noise Window #3 Note Action Notes # of TCG Points Outer Diameter Output Delay PRF Mode Probe Angle Probe Delay Range Reading Index #1 Reading Index #2 Reading Index #3 Reading Index #4 Rectification Mode Reject Rep Rate
Report Header Selected Gate TCG Curve Display TCG Gain Points TCG Time Points TCG Mode TCG Record Mode TCG Ref Amp TCG Start Mode Trig Thickness Trig X Value TTL#1 Assignment TTL#2 Assignment TTL#3 Assignment Units User Gain Step Velocity Water Path Velocity
DGS Reference Gain IF Start DGS Reference Type IF Start Mode DGS Test Attenuation IF Threshold DGS Transfer Loss DGS Xtal Diam DGS Xtal Frequency Display Delay Display Start Dual Mode Energy Frequency Gain Step Grid Type High Speed Out Horn IF Delay Mode IF Detection Mode IF Logic
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IF Width Large Display Index LOS Magnification State Magnify Gate Manual PRF Value Master Lock Material Maximum Alarm Memo Menu Gain Minimum Alarm Noise Count #1 Noise Count #2 Noise Count #3
DGS Amp Correction File MultiStore
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Table 5-2 Data Logger File C ontents
USN 58s Text-Entry feature (see description in Figure 5-2).
All parameter settings saved in data set files (Refer to Table 5-1)
Stored Thickness Measurements Location Indications for each thickness measurement Note Tags attached to thickness measurements Memo attached to the file File's report header
Step 4: Do not select a file type (LINEAR, GRID, CUSTOM LINEAR) as these only apply to data logger files which contain stored thickness measurements (see section 5.1.2 to create data logger files). Step 5: Once the desired file name is entered on the screen, press v next to STORE. The instruments settings have been saved in the data set file.
H Note: The newly created file name automatically becomes the default file name. This default name with increment by 1 the next time a new file is created (i.e. after the file name GRIDz is entered, the next default file name will be GRIDz1.)
5.1.1 Creating Data Set Files

To store instrument settings in a new data-set file follow this procedure
Step 1: Activate the FILES MENU. Step 2: With the FILENAME submenu selected, press (two times) v next to the CREATE NEW function. Step 3: Note that the bottom of the display screen contains a default file name (the word FILE followed by a numeral). This name can be adjusted using the
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5.1.2 Creating Data Logger Files

T o store thickness readings and instrument settings in a new data logger file follow this procedure (Figure 5-3).
Step 1: Activate the FILES MENU (located in the HOME MENU).

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FIGURE 5-2The Text-Entry display allows you to quickly enter or edit file names, notes, report headers, memos, and other alphanumeric labels.

Step 2: With the FILENAME submenu selected, press (two times) v next to the CREATE NEW function. Step 3: Note that the bottom of the display screen contains a default file name (the word FILE followed by a numeral). This name can be adjusted using the USN 58s Text-Entry display (see description in Figure 5-2). Step 4: Select a file type by pressing v next to the desired type:
LINEARcontains up to 99,999 consecutive thickness measurements GRIDstores thickness measurements in a matrix format (up to 701 rows and 701 columns) See note below related to the MULTISTORE feature. CUSTOM LINEARstores data in up to 9999 locations, each containing from up to 999 points
equal number of grid positions by pressing C. For this feature to operate a grid file type must be active, the file must have MULTISTORE turned ON, and COPY MODE must be set to LOG To FILE. Caution: the file will contain only a numerical thickness value, and will not identify the quantity (SA, A%A, etc.).
Step 6: Once the desired file name and characteristics are entered, press v next to STORE. The data logger file has been created.
H Note: The newly created file name automatically becomes the default file name. This default name with increment by 1 the next time a new file is created (i.e. after the file name GRIDz is entered, the next default file name will be GRIDz1.)
5.1.3 Editing Active Files

Parameters (other than recorded measurements) stored as part of an existing data set or data logger file can be edited anytime the file is active. To save these edits to any active file do the following:
Step 5: Set characteristics as shown in Figure 5-3.

H Note: When a grid file is active, turning MULTISTORE ON allows 2, 3, or 4 thickness readings (from each of the RESULTS Boxes) to be simultaneously stored in an
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Step 1: Make all edits desired.

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FIGURE 5-3After selecting file type (LINEAR, GRID, or CUSTOM LINEAR) you must specify the applicable group of file characteristics.

Step 2: Set the ACTION function (in the FILENAME submenu) to SAVE EDITS. Step 3: Follow the on-screen instructions to make the edits to this file permanent.
Storing Thickness Measurements in Data Logger Files
Step 4: With a thickness measurement in the Large Display Window (see section 4.8 to change the contents of the Large Display Box) press C. Step 5: The thickness measurement will be stored in the next available file location of the active data logger file. You can display the data logger file contents by first accessing the Test Menu (X), then the VIEW selection. (see sections 4.4 and 4.5 to change views and navigate through active data logger files).
5.2 Storing Thickness Measurements in Data Logger Files

Only data logger files can contain measurement data (data set files contain only instrument settings and an A-Scan) and only thickness measurements may be stored in data logger files. Thickness measurements can be stored in active (newly created or recalled) data logger files using as follows:
5.3 Recalling Existing Data Files

Existing data files are typically accessed for the following purposes: DATA SET FILESaccessing an existing file resets the current instrument setting to the stored data-setfile settings DATA LOGGER FILESaccessing an existing file allows stored thickness measurements to be replaced and/or new thickness values to be stored. It also resets the current instrument setting to the stored data-logger-file settings and allows editing of stored memos, report headers, and notes.
Step 1: Access the PRINTER Submenu (in the FILES Menu). Step 2: Activate the COPY MODE function and select LOG TO FILE. This sets the C action. Step 3: Couple the probe to the test piece.
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Deleting (CLEARING) Existing Data Files
To access an existing file:
5.3.1 Previewing Existing Data Files

Existing data files can be PREVIEWED rather than RECALLED. Previewing only allows the user to view the report header and A-Scan stored with the file settings. To preview an existing file:
Step 1: Activate the FILENAME submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v next to the FILENAME function. Press v or turn the Function Knob until the desired file name appears. Step 3: Press v next to the ACTION function once, then turn the Function Knob until RECALL appears. Then press v again. (In this case, turning the knob and pressing the button perform different operations.) Step 4: Press HOME to confirm Step 5: If an A-scan is stored with the recalled data set, press FREEZE to unfreeze the display and activate the recalled data set. Step 6: The selected file is now active. The instrument settings will be configured to those stored in the file. Thickness measurements may be stored in data logger files as discussed in section 5.2.
Step 1: Activate the FILENAME submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Turn previewing ON by pressing v next to the PREVIEW function. Step 3: Press v next to the FILENAME function. Press v or turn the Function Knob until the desired file name appears. Step 4: The selected file can only be previewed. Only the file name, report header, and A-Scan stored with the file will be displayed.
5.4 Deleting (CLEARING) Existing Data Files

Existing data files are deleted using this procedure:
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Step 1: Activate the FILENAME submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v next to the FILENAME function. Press v or turn the Function Knob until the desired function name appears. Step 3: Press v next to the ACTION function once, then turn the Function Knob until CLEAR appears. Now press (two times) v next to the ACTION function. Follow the display-screen prompting and press h to confirm the file-delete command. Step 4: The deleted file may not be retrieved.
allows you to create or edit a memo.
Creating a Memo
Step 3: Note that the bottom of the display screen contains a blank six-line memo. A memo can be created using the USN 58s Text-Entry feature (see description in Figure 5-4).
5.5.1 Including a Files Memo as Part of a Report

You can specify whether the memo attached to the active data file is included a in a printed report. To add or remove an active files memo from the printed report:
5.5 Creating a Memo

Memos are attached to data logger and data set files at the time the files are stored. After a file is stored, the attached memo may be modified. To create or edit a memo:
Step 1: Activate the MEMO submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v next to the PRINT ? function. Choosing a value of ON indicates that the memo should be printed as part of the report. Choosing OFF omits the memo from the report.
Step 1: Activate the MEMO submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v to set the EDIT function to ON. This
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5.6 Creating a Report Header

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Creating a Report Header
FIGURE 5-4The Text-Entry display allows you to create or edit memos, file names, notes, report headers, and other alphanumeric labels.

Report Headers are attached to data logger and data set files at the time the files are stored. After a file is stored, the attached Report Header may be edited. To create or edit a Report Header:
Entering and Editing Notes for Attachment to Thickness Measurements
FILES menu).
Step 1: Activate the REP HEAD submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v twice to access and set the EDIT function to ON. This allows you to create or edit a Header. Step 3: Note that the bottom of the display screen contains a nine-entry report header. A report header can be created using the USN 58s Text-Entry feature (see description in Figure 5-5).
Step 2: Press v (two times) next to the PRINT ? function. This will set the value to ON which indicates the header should be printed as part of the report. Choosing OFF omits the header from the report.
5.7 Entering and Editing Notes for Attachment to Thickness Measurements

Notes can be attached to data logger thickness measurements when the file is active and the Test Menu is accessed (section 4.5). The contents of six available notes must be modified prior to the time the file is stored. After a note is attached to a thickness reading, that note cannot be modified. To create or edit
5.6.1 Including a Report Header In a Printed Report

You can specify whether the report header attached to the active data file is included in a printed report. To add or remove an active files report header from the printed report:
Step 1: Activate the REP HEAD submenu (in the

Entering and Editing Notes for Attachment to Thickness Measurements
FIGURE 5-5 The Text-Entry display allows you to create or edit report headers, memos, file names, notes, and other alphanumeric labels.

a files notes:
Printing a Report
Step 1: Activate the NOTES submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v twice to set the EDIT function to ON. This allows you to create or edit notes. Step 3: Note that the bottom of the display screen contains six notes (NOTE A through F). One or more notes can be created using the USN 58s Text-Entry feature (see description in Figure 5-6). Step 4: Those notes which are attached to specific thickness measurements may be deleted with the measurement, but cannot be modified once attached.
individual data logger thickness measurements will be included in the report whenever the thickness measurements are included. To add or remove an active files notes list from the printed report:
Step 1: Activate the NOTES submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v (two times) next to the PRINT ? function. This will set the vaue to ON which indicates that the NOTES will be printed as part of the report. Choosing OFF omits the NOTES listing from the report.
5.8 Printing a Report

Any data logger or data set file can be output as a printed report. Reports can also be outputted through the serial port to a computer. The contents of a report are specified by the user. Several features of the active data file can be omitted from or included in the report as described below. Prior to creating a report for output to a printer, see
5.7.1 Including a Notes In a Printed Report

You can specify whether the Notes attached to the active data file are listed in a printed report. This function effects only the list of note letters and content. The actual note letter which are attached to
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Printing a Report
FIGURE 5-6The Text-Entry display allows you to create or edit notes, report headers, memos, file names, and other alphanumeric labels.

section 5.9 to designate printer properties and physically connect to the printer. Prior to creating a report for output to a computer, see section 5.10 to establish necessary connections.
Outputting to a Printer
A-Scan (FILE / PRINTER / ASCAN PRINT ?) Listing of Data-set or Data-Logger Stored Instrument Settings (FILE / PRINTER / PARAM PRINT ?)
Step 1: Activate the PRINTER submenu (in the FILES menu). Step 2: Press v to select the COPY MODE function. Set this function to REPORT. This outputs a report whenever C is pressed. Step 3: Turn the following features ON or Off to indicate whether or not they should be printed as part of the report (ON) or excluded from the report (OFF). Following each item is a notation that identifies its menu location (menu/submenu/function).
Report Header (FILE / REP HEAD / PRINT ?) Notes (FILE / NOTES / PRINT ?) Data Logger Thickness Readings (FILE / NOTES / DL PRINT ?) Memo (FILE / MEMO / PRINT ?)
Step 4: Press C to print or output the report.
5.9 Outputting to a Printer

A printer connects to the instrument via the RS-232 serial port located at the upper-rear corner of the instrument. To output data to a specific printer you must Connect the instrument to the printer using the correct cable (Serial Printer or Parallel Printer Interface) Configure the instrument to communicate with the attached printer Specify what data should be sent to the printer when C is pressed
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Outputting to a Printer

parallel interface cable) the baud rate must be set to match the cables requirements.
5.9.1 Specifying the Printer Type and Baud Rate

Step 1: Activate the FILES MENU. Step 2: Select the PRINTER submenu then press v next to the PRINTER function. Note that the following printer options are available:
EPSON (dot matrix) HP LASERJET HP DESKJET SEIKO DPU-4xx
5.9.2 Setting the COPY Key Function

The user can select one of four actions to be taken when C is pressed. Three of these four available Copy Key actions send data to the RS-232 serial port located at the upper-rear corner of the instrument. To select the Copy Key action
Step 1: Access the PRINTER Submenu (in the FILES Menu). Step 2: Activate the COPY MODE function and choose from the following
REPORTThe previously specified report contents (see section 5.8) will be sent to the RS-232 port PARADUMPAll instrument settings, parameter names, and remote codes will be sent to the RS-232 port
Step 3: The printer type will remain set to the last choice selected. Step 4: Set the baud rate to match your serial printer by first selecting the SER COMM submenu (still in the FILE menu) by pressing u. Then press v next to the BAUD function until the correct value is chosen. Available baud rates include 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200. Note that if you have connected a parallel printer (with a
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5-19

LOG TO PORTThe value displayed in the Large Display Box (see section 4.8) will be sent to the RS-232 port LOG TO FILEThe value displayed in the Large Display Box (but only if it is a thickness value) will be stored in the active data file. Note that no data will be sent to the RS-232 port when this action is selected.
Outputting to a Computer via the RS-232 Serial Port
Specify what data should be sent to the PC when C is pressed (see section 5.9.2) Indicate what should be ouput when a Loss of Signal (LOS) occurs.
5.10.1 Specifying the Baud Rate

Step 1: From the HOME MENU, select NEXT then activate the GENERAL MENU and the SER COMM submenu by pressing u. Step 2: Then press v next to the BAUD function until the baud rate to matches the rate of your software application. Available baud rates include 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200. Note that if you are using the UltraDOC software utility, you do not need to adjust the baud rate.
Step 3: Pressing C will result in the specified action.
5.10 Outputting to a Computer via the RS-232 Serial Port

The serial port of a PC can connect with the instrument via the RS-232 serial port located at the upper-rear corner of the instrument. To output data to a connected PC you must Connect the USN 58 to the PC using the correct cable (RS-232-to-9 Pin Serial Printer Cable) Configure the instrument to communicate with the attached PC
5-20
5.10.2 Loss of Signal

When the COPY MODE is set to LOG TO PORT, the LOSS OF SIGNAL function affects the value that the instrument outputs through the serial port whenever C
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Outputting to a Computer via the RS-232 Serial Port
is pressed. LOSS OF SIGNAL (located in the SER COM Menu) may be set to ON HIGHA thickness value of 0.000 is transmitted via the RS-232 port whenever an uncoupled probe condition exists and C is pressed. The analog output is set to high. ON LOWA thickness value of 0.000 is transmitted via the RS-232 port whenever an uncoupled probe condition exists and C is pressed. The analog output is set to low. OFF HIGHThe last valid thickness reading is transmitted via the RS-232 port whenever an uncoupled probe condition exists and C is pressed. The analog output is set to high. OFF LOWThe last valid thickness reading is transmitted via the RS-232 port whenever an uncoupled probe condition exists and C is pressed. The analog output is set to low. Changing the LOSS OF SIGNAL setting affects only the output via the RS-232 port and has no effect on the screens displayed value.
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Advanced Base-Model Features 6
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6-1
Advanced Base-Model Features

In addition to the commonly used features of your USN 58, the instrument has several special features used for advanced applications or by more advanced users. This chapter describes these special features and explains how they are used. In this chapter, youll learn how to: Use the Noise Immunization capabilities (section 6.1) Use the SMART VIEW feature (section 6.2) Use the SPARKLE feature (58L only) which emulates an analog-display screen and BASELINE BREAK, which resolves dynamic echo information to the baseline (section 6.3) Use the AWS D1.1 weld rating feature (section 6.4) Reset the instrument and perform other operations with combined key presses (section 6.5)
Noise Immunization
normal operation, a TTL is output whenever the first echo triggers the gates logic. When the NOISE IMMN features is activated, the user can determine the number of triggering counts required before the TTL is output. The user indicates the number of counts, out of the total number of counts in an overall window, which must trigger the gate before the assigned TTL is output. To setup the noise immunization feature follow these steps:
Step 1: Activate the GATES MENU (located in the HOME MENU). Step 2: With the NSE IMMN submenu selected, press v next to the ALARM SELECT function. Choose the TTL output to which you wish to apply noise immunization. Step 3: Press v next to the WINDOW function. Continue to press v or turn the function knob to define the number of counts in the window of examination. Note that if the window size is set to 16 counts (the maximum available) and the count function is set to 4 counts, this means that at least 25% (4 16) of all echoes in the window must trigger the gate before the TTL will set.
6.1 Noise Immunization

TTL outputs can be assigned to any available gate and are set whenever the assigned gate is triggered. Under
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Using SMART VIEW

all the echoes acquired since the last displayed echo. The echo with the highest peak in the A-gate will be displayed. To use the SMART VIEW feature:
Step 4: Press v next to the COUNT function. Continue to press v or turn the function knob to select the number of counts which must trigger the gate (during the total window period) before the TTL is output. Step 5: When Noise IMMN is activated, the will be displayed.
icon
Step 1: Activate the BASIC MENU (located in the HOME MENU). Step 2: With the CONFIG submenu selected, press v next to the ASCAN MODE function. Continue to press v or turn the function knob to select SMART FILLED or HOLLOW.
Note that in SMART HOLLOW mode, the A-Scans Outline is displayed, while in SMART FILLED mode, a filled A-Scan is displayed.
6.2 Using SMART VIEW

The USN 58 receives many more A-Scan echoes per second than are displayed (see section 2.3.4 for PRF). In normal operation, the displayed echo is updated on a cycle/time basis. When operating in either SMART FILLED or HOLLOW mode, the instrument examines all echoes, acquired since the last display-screen update, and displays the one with the most critical characteristics. The instrument determines which characteristics are most critical to the user based on the users choice of parameter in the large display box. For instance, assume the user selects A%A (the amplitude percentage of the echo in gate A) to appear in the large display box, and the instrument is set to one of the SMART modes. The instrument will examine
Step 3: When SMART FILLED or SMART HOLLOW is icon will be displayed. selected, the
H Note: When SMART FILLED or HOLLOW is activated, and an amplitude reading (A%A, A%B, etc.) is displayed in the large display box, SMART VIEW will select the A-Scan with the maximum peak to display. When the large display box contains a thickness reading (SA/, DA^, etc.) SMART VIEW will select the A-Scan with the thinnest peak or flank measurement to display.
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Using A-Scan Enhancement Analog Display Emulation
6.3 Using A-Scan Enhancement Analog Display Emulation

The USN 58 series incorporates break-through features that improve traditional displays. These features are activated by selecting the A-SCAN ENHANCE function in the CONFIG submenu.
With SPARKLEs intensity variation, the A-Scan display can now indicate acoustic phenomena not apparent with conventional digital displays. Figure 6-1 illustrates the intensity variation visible in a SPARKLE A-Scan.
6.3.2 Baseline Break (CONFIG/A-SCAN ENHANCE/BASELINE BREAK)

This feature, shown in Figure 6-2, details acoustic phenomena and is available in all USN 58 instruments. BASELINE BREAK extends down to the display baseline each point on the A-Scan which represents a non-continuous location on the acoustic signal.
6.3.1 SPARKLE Intensity Variation (CONFIG/ASCAN ENHANCE/ SPARKLE) (58L only)

The built-in SPARKLE feature emulates the intensity variation traditionally found only with analog displays.
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FIGURE 6-1The SPARKLE feature emulates an analog display by offering varied A-Scan intensity.
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6-5
FIGURE 6-2Baseline Break

AWS D1.1 Weld Rating Feature
6.4 AWS D1.1 Weld Rating Feature

This feature allows analysis of welds according to AWS specification D1.1 and provides a D1.1 rating. The AWS D1.1 feature is accessed via the TRIG Menu. The feature utilizes four AWS-specified variables including: A INDICATIONGain (in dB) required to position an A-Scan echos peak (from the measured reflector) at an amplitude equal to the reference amplitude (between 20 and 90% of full screen height) B REFERENCEGain (in dB) required to position an AScan echos peak (from the reference reflector) at the user-selected amplitude (between 20 and 90% of FSH) C ATTENUATIONDetermined by subtracting 1 inch from the sound-path distance to the discontinuity, using the equation: C = (SA-1) 2. This compensates for sound loss from material attenuation along the sound path to the discontinuity. D D1.1 RATINGCalculated based on the AWS formula: D = A-B-C (See NOTE)
H Note: The dB value of A-Indication will be automatically adjusted to match the amplitude of the B-Ref upon performing the dB rating calculation. Before activating the AWS D1.1 weld rating feature, be sure that all instrument settings are properly adjusted for the specific measurement application. Then access the AWS D1.1 Submenu (via the TRIG Menu) and follow this procedure:
Step 1: Apply couplant and couple the probe to a suitable reference test standard. Step 2: Ensure that the A-Gate is positioned over the desired echo. Then adjust the gain until the peak of the desired reference echo reaches the desired amplitude as shown in Figure 6-3. Note that if the echos peak amplitude (A%A) does not fall between 20% and 90%, the inputted point will not be accepted. Step 3: Press v next to the B REFERENCE function (then h to confirm) to define the reference dB level.
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6-7
FIGURE 6-3After adjusting the gain so that the reference echos peak is at the desired amplitude, record the reference dB. This reference dB value will be stored in the instrument until manually changed.

H Note: Storing an AWS reference will automatically switch the value of the AWS MODE function (located in the POSITION Submenu of the TRIG Menu) to ON. While AWS MODE is ON, two measurement result boxes will be automatically set (if not already configured) to display SA and A%A values. These result selections will remain locked until AWS MODE is turned OFF.
Resetting the Instrument
Step 6: Return to the AWS D1.1 Submenu and press v next to the A INDICATION function. This will record the adjusted dB setting and will automatically calculate and display values for the AWS variables C and D as shown in Figure 6-5. Rating D can then be applied to the appropriate acceptance criteria found in AWS D1.1.
To evaluate additional reflectors against the recorded reference, simply repeat Steps 4 to 6.
Step 4: To evaluate a reflector in a test piece, couple the probe to the test piece and press u to select the POSITION Submenu as shown in Figure 6-4. Now adjust the A-Gate position so that it is over the desired echo. Step 5: Adjust the gain until the peak of the testpieces echo reaches the desired screen height as shown in Figure 6-4.
H Note: The dB value that is recorded for A-Indication will be automatically adjusted based upon the amplitude difference between it and the value recorded for B-REF. It will usually NOT match the instruments dB gain setting.
6.5 Resetting the Instrument

The instrument can be reset, in one of two ways, by using a combination of key presses. To reset the instrument settings WITHOUT deleting all stored data files, turn the instrument on by pressing and holding K and C simultaneously. Hold both buttons until the startup cycle is complete.
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6-9
FIGURE 6-4Position the A-Gate so that it is over the desired echo.
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FIGURE 6-5After adjusting the gain so that the echos peak is at the desired screen height, record the dB as shown here. The attenuation (C) and AWS D1.1 rating (D) will be automatically calculated and displayed.
To reset the instrument settings and DELETE all stored data files, turn the instrument on by pressing and holding K and X simultaneously. Hold both buttons until the startup cycle is complete. H Note: When the instrument has been reset, the settings are returned to the default values and data files (when applicable) are deleted. The effects of resetting the instrument may not be reversed.
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I/O Ports Technical Data
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7-1
Sending Readings to Other Devices
7.1 Sending Readings to Other Devices

B yte #
Table 7-1 Single R eading Formats X.XXX IN XX.XX IN XX.XX MM XXX.X MM S p a ce S p a ce D i gi t D i gi t D i gi t D i gi t D .P. D i gi t D i gi t D .P. D i gi t D i gi t S p a ce S p a ce M M M M S p a ce S p a ce S p a ce S p a ce CR CR LF LF Return; LF: Li ne Feed 1 S p a ce S p a ce 2 D i gi t D i gi t 3 D .P. D i gi t 4 D i gi t D .P. 5 D i gi t D i gi t 6 D i gi t D i gi t 7 S p a ce S p a ce 8 I I 9 N N 10 S p a ce S p a ce 11 S p a ce S p a ce 12 CR CR 13 LF LF D .P.: D eci mal Poi nt; C R: C arriage
Digital measurements displayed in the Large Display Box can be transmitted via the RS-232 I/O port to any compatible device, such as a personal computer, printer, or other RS-232 recording instrument. In all cases, the correct cable will be required. Contact your nearest Krautkramer representative. To output the measurement value displayed in the large display box 1. Connect the instruments RS-232 Port to the external device with the correct cable 2. Set the COPY MODE to LOG TO PORT. 3. Press C to output the measurement value in the large display box. Table 7-1 shows single-reading formats of measurement values transmitted by the USN 58. Specific format depends on the unit of measure and the measurement resolution.
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Analog Output

3. Reset AlarmThe rising edge of this signal will reset the TTL outputs to a low level when latched has been selected for TTL mode.
7.2 Analog Output

H Note: The OUTPUT DELAY function (located in the ALARM Submenu of the GATES Menu) allows you to specify the number of PRF Cycles (0, 1, 2, or 3) delay to impose on all analog and TTL outputs that pass through the Real-time I/O Connector. Amplitude and time of flight (distance) analog outputs are provided via the 15-pin Real-time I/O Connector shown in Figure 7-1. 1. External TriggerThe rising edge of this signal causes the USN 58 to begin a new cycle. The pulser will fire 35 ns (+0 to 20 ns) after the rising edge of External Trigger. The minimum high period for External Trigger is 40 ns, there is no maximum high period, but the signal must be low for at least 166.6 microseconds before any sub-sequent rising edge. Note: PRF Mode must be set to EXTERNAL for the trigger to be recognized. Data Out InhibitThe rising edge of this signal will cause all outputs to become inactive (TTLs go low and Analog Outputs are set to 0 V)
4-7 Analog Outputsthese pins will output a voltage proportional to the values selected for reading boxes 1-4. When an amplitude is selected for a reading a 0 V output indicates a 0% fsh signal and a 2.5 output indicates a 100% fsh signal. When a thickness value is selected for a reading a 0 V output corresponds to a thickness value that is less than or equal to the left edge of the displayed screen (0% horizontal) and a 2.5 output corresponds to a thickness value that is greater than or equal to the value at 100% horizontal of the displayed screen. 8. Data Validthis signal is generated once per cycle. During the high portion of the signal the TTL and Analog Outputs are being updated and are not valid. The falling edge of this signal or a low level on this signal indicate that data is valid and stable. (See Figure 7-2)
2.
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7-3
Analog Output
FIGURE 7-1Real time I/O connector

Analog Output

13. SAP Outthis pin outputs a 50 microseconds long pulse at the beginning of each cycle. The pulser fires 35 microseconds after the rising edge of this signal. (See Figure 7-2) 14. MUXD Ascan Enablethis pin accepts a signal from the Krautkramer MUXD multiscanner. This signal indicates the channel from the MUXD which should be selected for display on the USN 58.
9-11 TTL OutputsThese pins output a level which indicate the alarm state of the selected parameter. When an alarm condition exist the output is high (5 V) and when no alarm exists the output is low (0 V). 12. Ground
FIGURE 7-2Data Valid Signal

Remote Control of the USN 58
7.3 Remote Control of the USN 58

The USN 58 is capable of receiving coded instructions from a personal computer or terminal connected to the RS-232 I/O port. Instructions must be transmitted to the USN 58 as escape sequences, that is, a series of keystrokes, the first of which is always the Escape key (ASCII 27). The Escape key will be identified in this manual as [Esc]. Every key press and menu function of the USN 58 can be operated by remote control. In addition, the current value (setting) of a particular function may be requested. This section provides general instructions on command sequence format. Function codes, along with the values for the options associated with the functions, are provided in tables in this section. To execute a keypad operation or adjust the setting of a menu function, transmit the required escape
7-6
sequence using the format below. Refer to the tables later in this section for the 2 digit code, acceptable value range, and resolution. <<[Esc]>><<Code>><<Space>><<Value>><<[Return]>> [Esc] = Escape Key - CHR$(27) Code = 2 digit code from the table Space = Space bar Value = Desired value from the tables [Return] Enter key - CHR$(13) Values must be entered as a multiple of the resolution shown in the table for each function. As an example, the following sequence would adjust the range of the USN 60 to 5.000 inches: <<[Esc]>><<DW>><<Space>><<5.000>><<[Return]>> To request the following status, or value, of any function, use the following sequence: <<[Escape]>><<AT>><<[Return]>>
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Remote Codes for the USN 58

Code is the 2 digit code to activate the particular function, as explained earlier in this section. Range is either the adjustment range of the function or a list options. In either case, values from the Range column are used in the Value Portion of the escape sequence. Resolution specifies the smallest increment for choosing the value above.
The unit will answer with the threshold value, expressed as a multiple of the resolution shown in the table. In this case, a response or 40 would indicate a threshold level of 40%, because the resolution is 1. Commands can be sent using either a user written program, or a commercially available serial communications program. There are many such inexpensive programs for terminal and modern communications. H Note: The instrument will make no response to a command until <[Return]> is input. The tables in this section show all functions, their related codes, values and resolution. An explanations of table organization and content follows. All functions are listed in Table 7-2 by the names that appear in the menus. Keypad controls are also listed alphabetically in the same tables.
7.4 Remote Codes for the USN 58

It is possible to set or read any parameter in the instrument over the serial communication port. To read or set the value of any parameter the following instructions must be followed. To read the value of a parameter the following command string should be sent to the instrument: <ESC>XX<RETURN> . where XX is the remote code of the desired parameter
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7-7

The instrument will return the following (provided ECHO mode is ON): *XX<SPACE>YYY<RETURN> Where XX is the remote code and YYY is the setting / value To set the value of a parameter the following command string should be sent to the instrument: <ESC>XX<SPACE>YYY<RETURN> Where XX is the remote code and YYY is the setting / value The instrument will return the following (provided ECHO mode is ON): *XX<SPACE>YYY<RETURN> Where XX is the remote code and YYY is the setting / value Table 7-2 summarizes the remote codes and allowable settings for all of the parameters. H Note:
The state of the ECHO mode (see the end of Table 7-2) determines what information will be returned by the instrument to the connected computer. If ECHO mode (8L) is set to ON, entered command characters and (if applicable) settings will be returned by the instrument to the connected computer as soon as <[Return]> is input. If ECHO mode is set to OFF, only requested data will be returned to the connected computer.
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Table 7-2 R emote C odes PAR AMETER Ascan Pri nt ? Gate A AGC R EMOTE C OD E A? AA SETTIN GS 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON NOT IMPLEMENTED 0: OFF 1: A-Scan 2: Gri d 0.000 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M 0: NONE 1: SPARKLE (58L) 2: BASELINE BREAK 3: SPARKLE & BASE BRK (58L) 0: D ISABLE 1: ENABLE 0: TIMED .25 sec 1: TIMED .50 sec 2: TIMED 1.0 sec 3. TIMED 2.0 sec 4: INSTANTANEOUS 5: LATC HED 0: OFF 1: POSITIVE 2: NEGATIVE 3: MEASURE 02.540 dB/i n. 0100.0 dB/m PAR AMETER Gate A Wi dth Alarm Reset
R EMOTE C OD E AW AX
SETTIN GS 0.010 i n.480.0 i n. 0.25 mm12.19 M 1: RESETS (Wri te Only) 0: OFF 1: ON NOT IMPLEMENTED 0.000 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M 0.0 to 110.0 dB
C olor Leg (58L)
AC
Gate B AGC
BA
Gate A Start Ascan Enhance
AD AE
Gate B Start Backwall Gai n
BD BG
Horn TTL Mode
AH AL
Back Li ght Gate B Logi c
BL BM
0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: POSITIVE 2: NEGATIVE 3: MEASURE
Gate A Logi c
AM
Backwall Mode
BO
0: OFF 1: ON
D GS Ref Attenuati on
AR
Baud Rate
BR
Gate A Start Mode
AS
0: IP 1: IF 5 to 90 / steps of 1% -20.0 dB to 20.0 dB
Gate B Start Mode
BS
Gate A Threshold D GS Ampli tude C orrecti on
AT AV
Gate B Threshold Gate B Wi dth
BT BW
0: 1200 1: 2400 2: 4800 3: 9600 4: 19200 5: 38400 6: 57600 7: 115200 0: IP 1: IF 2: GATE #1 5 to 90 /steps of 1% 0.010 i n.480.0 i n. 0.25 mm12.19 M
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7-9

Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AME TE R D ata Logger P ri nt D elete C urve C lear Readi ng C GB Mode R E MOTE C OD E C? CC CD CG S E TTIN GS 0: No pri nt of data logger readi ngs 1: P ri nt of data logger readi ngs 0: No A cti on 1: D eletes C urve 0: No A cti on 1: D eletes C urrent Readi ng 0: OFF 1: ON Not Implemented 0: RE P ORT 1: PA RA D UMP 2: LOG to FILE 3: LOG to P ORT 0: OFF 1: ON Gai n D B Reference D i splay D elay D i rectory E mpti es PAR AME TE R R E MOTE C OD E DB DC DD DE
S E TTIN GS 0 to 110.0 / steps of 0.1 dB 0: dB reference mode OFF 1: dB reference mode ON -20.00 uS ec to -3499 uS ec Number of avai lable fi les (Wri te Only) T akes fi le number (from D R command) (Wri te Only)
C opy Mode
CM
D elete Fi le
DF
C OP Y K ey
CO
Language
DG
C olor (58L only)
CR
C GB Offset
CT
0: S cheme 1 1: S cheme 2 2: S cheme 3 3: S cheme 4 -40 to 40 / steps of 1% Not Implemented 1-20 (bri ghtness) 0: FLA NK 1: P E A K 2: ZE RO-C ROS S ING
Number of D R fi les
DL
0: E NGLIS H 8: S WE D ISH 1: GE RMA N 9: D UTC H 2: FRE NC H 10: FINNIS H 3: S PA NIS H 11: RUS S IA N 4: ITA LIA N 12: C ZE C H 5: P ORTUGUE S E 13: ROMA NIA N 6: NORWE GIA N 14: S LOV E NIA N 7: D A NIS H Number of i nstrument fi les (Read Only)
D ual Mode
DM
C ontrast TOF D etecti on Gate A
CX D1
D GS T est A ttenuati on Fi le D i rectory
DN DR
0: OFF 1: ON 2: Through 02.540 dB /i n. 0100.0 dB /m

File# 0001 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 E XAMP LE File File N ame Type cltest cli n dactest li nr dgstest li nr fi le1 gri d gatetest li nr gri dtest gri d tcgtest li nr File D ate 10/2/2002 10/2/2002 10/2/2002 10/2/2002 10/2/2002 10/2/2002 10/2/2002
TOF D etecti on Gate B
D2
TOF D etecti on IF Gate
D3
D ump A scan
DA
0: FLA NK 1: P E A K 2: ZE RO-C ROS S ING 0: FLA NK 1: P E A K 2: ZE RO-C ROS S ING Returns 314 amp poi nts or pai rs (386 i n Zoom)
User Gai n
DS
0.0 24.0 / steps of 0.1 dB
D ate
DT
Get i nstrument date D ay-Month-Y ear
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Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AME TE R D GS D elay Veloci ty Range E valuate Result D GS C urve

S E TTIN GS 0.0098 i n/uS ec0.6299 i n/uS ec 250 M/S ec16000 M/S ec 0.040 i n.480.0 i n. 1.00 mm12.19 M 0: A mp to C urve (% or dB ) 1: E RS (E qui v . Ref. S i ze) From 0.012 i n. to probe's E ff. D i a. From 0.30 mm to probe's E ff. D i a. PAR AME TE R Header Informati on Hi gh Li mi t HOME K ey Thi ckness Mode R E MOTE C OD E HI HL HM HR S E TTIN GS C haracter stri ng up to 16 characters 0.0 i n.480.0 i n. 0.0 mm12.19 M 0: OFF 1: ON 0: NORMA L 1: HIGH-RE S OLUTION 2: P RE C IS ION Not Implemented 0: None 1: Out at 57600 2: Out at 115900 C haracter stri ng up to 16 characters
R E MOTE C OD E DV DW ER ES
Fi ni sh TC G C urve
FH
No parameters (Wri te Only) 0: HOLLOW 1: FILLE D 2: S MA RT HOLLOW 3: S MA RT FILLE D Returns current fi le name or sets current fi le to the i nputted name (i f i t exi sts) (up to 14 characters) 0: 1 MHz 1: 2 MHz 2: 2.25 MHz 3: 4 MHz 4: 5 MHz 5: 10 MHz 6: 15 MHz 7: .25 2.25 MHz LP 8: 10 25 MHz HP 9: 2 25 MHz B B Requi res fi le number (from D R command) (Read Only) 0: OFF 1: ON
Hi gh S peed Output Mode
HS
A scan D i splay Mode
FI
Header Ti tle
HT
Fi le Name
FN
IF A GC
IA
Frequency
FR
Instrument C onfi gurati on
IC
0: OFF 1: ON Not Implemented Returns li st of i nstalled modules
Transmi t Fi le Freeze K ey
FX FZ
Instrument Identi fi cati on IF Gate Logi c
ID IM
Returns US N 58L or US N 58R 0: OFF 1: P OS ITIV E 2: NE GATIV E 3: ME A S URE 0.000 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M 5 to 90 / steps of 1%
Fi le Upload Grati cule
FU GR
Gate S elect
GS
Header # Header P ri nt ?
H# H?
T akes fi le (as suppli ed wi th FX command) 0: OFF 1: 20% 2: 10% 0: GATE #1 1: GATE #2 2: IF GATE 1 to 10 / steps of 1 0: OFF 1: ON
IF Gate S tart IF Gate Threshold
IS IT
IF Gate Wi dth
IW
0.010 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M Not Implemented D eci mal word representi ng i nstalled modules. C onvert to hexadeci mal; Module i nstalled i f B i t i s set. B i t 0TC G Module B i t 1D GS Module B i t 2JIS Module B i t 3C GB Module B i t 4IF Gate Module B i t 5P reci si on Thi ckness Module B i t 6B ackwall A ttenuator Module B i t 7Rai l Module B i t 8A utoVeloci ty Module B i t 9Hi gh S peed Output Module Not Implemented
JIS C olor Module Query
JC JH
Help K ey
HE
0: OFF 1: ON
JIS Mode
JM
Issue 04, 05/04
7-11

Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AMETER JIS Offset JIS C urve Gai n Knob Up Gai n Knob D own Functi on Knob Up Functi on Knob D own Thi ck Reference LED 1 State R EMOTE C OD E JO JV K1 K2 K3 K4 KR L1 SETTIN GS Not Implemented Not Implemented Turns Gai n Knob up one cli ck. (Wri te Only, No Parameter) Turns Gai n Knob down one cli ck. (Wri te Only, No Parameter) Turns Functi on Knob up one cli ck. (Wri te Only, No Parameter) Turns Functi on Knob down one cli ck. (Wri te Only, No Parameter) 0.000 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M Reports State of LED 1. 0: OFF 1: ON (Read Only, No parameter) Reports State of LED 2. 0: OFF 1: ON (Read Only, No parameter) Reports State of LED 3. 0: OFF 1: ON (Read Only, No parameter) 0: OFF 1: Readi ng #1 2: Readi ng #2 3: Readi ng #3 4: Readi ng #4 0: OFF 1: ON 0.0 i n.480.0 i n. 0.0 mm12.19 M 0: OFF 1: ON PAR AMETER
R EMOTE C OD E
SETTIN GS
Memo Pri nt ? MENU Key #1 MENU Key #2 MENU Key #3 MENU Key #4 MENU Key #5 MENU Key #6
M? M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON
LED 2 State
L2
Magni fi cati on
MA
0: No Magni fi cati on 1: Magni fi cati on
LED 3 State
L3
D GS Mode
MD
0: OFF 1: ON
Large C har D i splay
LC
Magni fy Gate
MG
0: GATE #1 1: GATE #2 2: IF GATE
Lock Key (58L only) Low Li mi t Loss of Si gnal Mode
LK LL LO
IF D elay Mode Master Lock Memo
MI ML MO
D GS Transfer C orrecti on
LS
-30.0 dB30.0 dB
Measurement Type
MT
0: C ontact 1: Immersi on 0: OFF 1: ON <esc>MO # stri ng #=1-7 (memo li ne number) stri ng = up 36 characters 0: IPF 1: IFF 2: MULT Not Implemented
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Issue 04, 05/04
Table 7-2Continued PARAMETER Material
REMOTE CODE MV
SETTINGS 0: Custom material 1: AL Oxide 2: AL Oxide (Shear) 3: Aluminum 4: Aluminum (Shear) 5: Beryllium 6: Beryllium (Shear) 7: Brass 8: Brass (Shear) 9: Cadmium 10: Cadmium (Shear) 11: Copper 12: Copper (Shear) 13: Glass (crown) 14: Glass (crown) (Shear) 15: Glycerin 16: Gold 17: Ice 18: Ice (Shear) 19: Inconel 20: Inconel (Shear) 21: Iron 22: Iron (Shear) 23: Iron (cast) 24: Iron (cast) (Shear) 25: Lead 26: Magnesium 27: Magnesium (Shear) 28: Mercury 29: Molybdenum 30: Molybdenum (Shear) 31: Monel 32: Monel (Shear)
PARAMETER Material
REMOTE CODE MV
SETTINGS 33: Neoprene 34: Nickel 35: Nickel (Shear) 36: Nylon, 6-6 37: Oil (SAE-30) 38: Platinum 39: Platinum (Shear) 40: Plexiglass 41: Polyethylene 42: Polystyrene 43: Polyurethane 44: Quartz 45: Quartz (Shear) 46: Rubber, Butyl 47: Silver 48: Silver (Shear) 49: Steel, mild 50: Steel, mild (Shear) 51: Steel, stainless 52: Steel, stainless (Shear) 53: Teflon 54: Tin 55: Tin (Shear) 56: Titanium 57: Titanium (Shear) 58: Tungsten 59: Tungsten (Shear) 60: Uranium 61: Uranium (Shear) 62: Water 63: Zinc 64: Zinc (Shear) 65: Zirconium
Issue 04, 05/04
7-13

Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AMETER Note # Note Pri nt ? Noi se C ount Note R EMOTE C OD E SETTIN GS N# 1 to 6 / steps of 1 N? NC NO 0: OFF 1: ON 1 through 16 <esc>MO # stri ng #=1-6 (note number) stri ng = up 16 characters 0.000 i n.480.0 i n. 0.00 mm12.19 M 0: TTL 1 1: TTL 2 2: TTL 3 PAR AMETER PARAMETER Key #1 PARAMETER Key #2 PARAMETER Key #3 PARAMETER Key #4
R EMOTE C OD E P1 P2 P3 P4
SETTIN GS 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON 0: OFF 1: ON
Thi n Reference (AutoC al) Alarm Select
NR NS
Probe Angle Freeze Mode
PA PC
0 to 90 / steps OF 0.1 0: A LL 1: P E A K 2: C OMPARE 3: ENVELOPE .5 Sec 4: ENVELOPE 1 Sec 5: ENVELOPE 2 Sec 6: ENVELOPE PEAK 0.0000999.9997 uSec 0: AUTOLOW 1: AUTOHIGH 2: MANUAL 3: EXTERNAL 0 - 50 Ohm 1 - 75 ohm 2 - 150 ohm 0: LOW 1: HIGH User defi ned name (up to 16 characters) 0 : E p so n 1: HP Laserjet 2: HP D eskjet 3: Sei ko D PU-4xxx 1 through 16 15 through 6000 Hz
Noi se Wi ndow O-D i ameter
NW OD
1 through 16 Up to 150.0 i n or 3810 mm Low li mi t depends on probe angle, part thi ckness -999.9997 u/Sec 999.9997 u/Sec Not Implemented 0: Analog Output Low w/LOS 1: Analog Output HIgh w/LOS 0 to 3
Probe D elay PRF Mode
PD PF
IF OFFSET
OF
D ampi ng
PG
Operati on Mode Loss of Si gnal State Output D elay
OM OS OY
Energy D GS Probe Name PRINTER SELEC TION
PI PN PR
D GS Probe Number Parameter Pri nt ?
P# P?
1 to 25 / steps of 1 0: OFF 1: ON
TC G Poi nt PRF Value
PT PV
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Issue 04, 05/04

Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AMETER Readi ng Box 1 Readi ng Box 2 Readi ng Box 3 Readi ng Box 4

SETTIN GS Store TC G Start Mode Seri al Number D B Step PAR AMETER R EMOTE C OD E SD SM SN ST SETTIN GS 0: OFF 1: ON 0: IP 1: IF up to 9 characters 0 = LOC K knobs 1 = .1 dB 2 = .5 dB 3 = 1.0 dB 4 = 2.0 dB 5 = 6.0 dB 6 = USER PROG 0.0394 i n./uSec0.6298 i n/uSec 1000 M/Sec16000 M/Sec 0: OFF 1: Gate A 2: Gate B 3: Gate IF 4: Hi gh Li mi t 5: Low Li mi t 0: OFF 1: Gate A 2: Gate B 3: Gate IF 4: Hi gh Li mi t 5: Low Li mi t 0: OFF 1: Gate A 2: Gate B 3: Gate IF 4: Hi gh Li mi t 5: Low Li mi t 0.0110.0 dB Not Implemented 0: OFF 1: ON Not Implemented 0.024 i n.480.0 i n. 0.60 mm12.19 M HH MM SS Not Implemented
R EMOTE C OD E R1 R2 R3 R4
C ontact KK for li sti ng
Recall C urrent Fi le D GS Reference Echo
RD RE
0: OFF 1: ON 0: S D H 1: F B H 2: B W
Veloci ty TTL #1
SV T1
Recti fy
RF
0: POSITIVE HW 1: NEGATIVE HW 2: FULLWAVE 3: RF
TTL #2
T2
Reject
RJ
0 80 / steps of 1%
TTL #3
T3
D GS Record D GS Reference Si ze Output Readi ng #1 Output Readi ng #2 Output Readi ng #3 Output Readi ng #4 Ampli tude
RR RS S1 S2 S3 S4 SA
0: No record 1: Record 0.020 i n.0.393 i n. 0.50 mm10.0 mm OFF or Readi ng 1 OFF or Readi ng 2 OFF or Readi ng 3 OFF or Readi ng 4 0: % SC REEN HEIGHT 1: D B THRESHOLD
TC G Transfer C orrecti on TC G D elay TEST Key TC G Gai n Thi ckness Ti me TC G Slope
TC TD TE TG TH TI TL
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7-15

Table 7-2C ontinued PAR AME TE R TC G Mode R E MOTE C OD E TM S E TTIN GS 0: OFF 1: TC G 2: D A C -4.000 dB /i n. to +4.000 dB /i n. 0 to 110.0 dB Not Implemented 0: IP 1: IF 0: OFF 1: ON 0.000 i n. to 480.0 i n. 0.00 mm to 12.19 M 0.0 to 110 dB 0: OFF 1: ON 0: MM 1: INC H 2: us A A .B B .C C .D D .E E A A : Mai n Operati ng C ode versi on B B : B oot C ode versi on C C : D S P C ode versi on D D : Mai n FP GA C ode versi on E E : D i splay FP GA C ode versi on 0 - OFF, query - 0 110.0 dB 1 - ON 0 - OFF, query - 0 110.0 dB 1 - ON -110.0 dB to 110.0 dB -110.0 dB to 110.0 dB 0: OFF 1: ON 0.0394 i n/S ec0.6298 i n/S ec 1000 M/S ec16000 M/S ec 0.119 i n.1.377 i n. 3.00 mm35.00 mm 0.510.0 MHz 0: No D elete 1: D elete Reference 0.000200.0 i n. 00.0 mm5080 mm 0: OFF 1: ON 0 - No echo of command characters recei ved 1 - E cho command characters recei ved after <cr>
TC G A ttenuati on TC G Offset Thi ckness P robe D i splay S tart Mode Record TC G TC G P oi nt Ti me, current poi nt TC G P oi nt Gai n, current poi nt TC G C urve D i splay Uni ts
TN TO TP TR TS TT TV TY UN
S oftware Versi on
VR
Record AWS Indi cati on Record AWS Reference AWS A ttenuati on AWS Rati ng AWS Mode Water P ath Veloci ty D GS X tal D i ameter D GS X tal Frequency D elete D GS Reference X -Value Zoom E cho
WA WB WC WD WS WV XD XF XR XV ZM 8L
7-16
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DAC/TCG Option
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8-1
DAC/TCG Option
The USN 58 is available with optional Time Corrected Gain (TCG) and Multi-Curve Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) functions. These functions are accessed through the TCG Menu, which is located by pressing u below the NEXT selection on the HOME Menu bar. Both the DAC and TCG functions operate based on a set of user-recorded data points. These points are recorded from the TCG menu as described below. The TCG function displays reflectors of equal size at equal A-Scan amplitudes, regardless of the reflectors depth in the test material. The USN 58 accomplishes this by adjusting the gain at different locations in the A-scan display, corresponding to different material depths, to compensate for signal loss (or variation) due to attenuation, beam spread, or other factors. When TCG is activated, appears in the status bar near the top right-hand corner of the display. The DAC function displays all echoes at their true amplitude (without depth compensation). However, when operating in DAC mode, either one or five Distance Amplitude Correction curves are superimposed on the A-Scan display. The original
8-2
Using TCG
recorded curve is displayed in bold. Each curve, like the one shown in Figure 8-1, represents constant reflector size at varying material depth.
8.1 Using TCG

When the TCG function is in use, echoes from equally sized reflectors appear as the same height on the A-Scan display. When operating in TCG mode, will appear on the display screen. Before using the TCG function do the following:
Step 1: The instrument/probe combination has been calibrated and all instrument settings (PULSER, RECEIVER, MATERIAL, etc.) have been made. Changing these settings after the TCG reference points are input will affect the accuracy of measurement. Step 2: TCG reference points (up to 16) must be recorded. This process allows the USN 58 to calculate and compensate for the effect on material depth on reflector-echo height. The dynamic range of the TCG function is 40 dB. Maximum curve slope is 12 dB per microsecond. Successive data points do not
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Using TCG
DAC/TCG Option
Step 2: Couple the probe to the first reference point and, using v next to GATE START and GATE THRESHOLD, adjust the A-Gate so that it is broken by the primary echo. If necessary, use the Gain Knob to adjust the gain so that the echo crosses the A-Gate and the highest peak in gate A is at approximately 80% of full-screen height. The highest peak must not be higher than 100% full-screen height.
H Note: Detection mode is automatically set to peak.
have to decrease in amplitude. That is, the DAC/TCG curve does not have to have a constantly descending slope.
8.1.1 Recording the TCG Reference Points

TCG reference points are recorded in exactly the same manner as those points used to create the DAC curve. Points are typically taken from a standard with equally sized reflectors (holes) located at various material depths. The primary echo from each of these points (for up to a total of 16 echoes) are recorded. When TCG is active, the instrument compensates for different material thickness by applying a varying gain level to echoes at material depths other than the baseline depth. Either one set of TCG reference points or one DAC curve can be stored at a time. To program TCG reference points:
Step 3: While the Gate is lined up over the first reference echo, press v next to the RECORD function. When the value of the RECORD function changes from 0 to 1, you have recorded the first TCG reference point. Note that the largest echo to cross the A-Gate will be treated as the reference echo. The gain value at which this point is recorded becomes the baseline gain value.
Step 1: Access the TCG menu by pressing u below the NEXT selection (on the HOME Menu bar) then activating the TCG Menu by pressing u below it. The RECORD submenu will be selected.
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8-3
DAC/TCG Option
H Note: When a TCG reference point is stored, two measurement results boxes will be automatically set (if not already configured) to display SA and A%A values. These result selections will remain locked until TCG reference recording is completed (Step 5 below).
Using TCG
8.1.2 Working with TCG

In TCG mode the instrument uses the recorded reference points to calculate an amount of gain correction required to display each echo from samesize reflectors at the same amplitude (Figure 8-1). The recorded reference point data is stored until replaced or edited. To use the stored reference points and operate in TCG mode:
Step 4: Continue to take additional reference points, following steps 2 and 3, up to a maximum of 16 points (note that at least two reference points are required). Step 5: When complete press v next to FINISH. Step 6: Note that stored TCG reference points can be edited as described in section 8.3
H Note: TCG reference points, curve, and status (OFF, TCG, OR DAC) will be stored with data set. When recalled, curve status will be the same as when it was stored. For example, if TCG is active when a data set is stored, it will be active when that data set is recalled.
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the SETUP 1 submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the TCG MODE function until
ON appears. ( will appear)
Step 3: Press v next to the TCG DISPLAY function to turn this feature ON or OFF.
H Note: The TCG CURVE graphically represents the level of gain applied at each of the user-input reference points. This compensating gain is represented by the height of the TCG curve while the material depth of each reference point is represented by its horizontal position on the display screen.
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Using TCG
DAC/TCG Option
FIGURE 8-1TCG Curve

DAC/TCG Option
Using DAC
Using TCG ATTENUATION

When TCG reference points are measured from a standard of material different from the test material, a dB adjustment can be applied to each reference point by using the TCG ATTENUATION function. Note that this adjustment is automatically applied to the dB level of all reference points.
(see 8.2.2). Remember that in DAC mode, the only deviation from traditional display and operation is the appearance of the DAC curve. All A-Scan echoes are displayed at their non-compensated height. A DAC curve can be based on up to 16 data points (material depths). A DAC curve is programmed using a series of samereflector echoes at various depths covering the range of depths to be inspected in the test material. Because near field and beam spread vary according to transducer size and frequency, and materials vary in attenuation and velocity, DAC must be programmed differently for different applications. The dynamic range of the DAC function is 40 dB. Maximum curve slope is 12 dB per microsecond. Successive data points do not have to decrease in amplitude. That is, the DAC/TCG curve does not have to have a constantly descending slope.
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the SETUP 2 submenu by pressing u. Step 2: Press v next to the TCG ATTEN function, then adjust its value from -4.00 dB per inch to +4.00 dB per inch. Step 3: Note that this adjustment is applied to all TCG reference points.
8.2 Using DAC

When displayed, the DAC curve visually represents a line of constant reflector peaks over a range of material depths. A new feature of the USN 58 is a multiple-curve option that displays the recorded DAC curve plus four dB offset DAC curves simultaneously
8-6
8.2.1 Recording the DAC Curve

DAC Curve points are recorded in exactly the same manner as those points used to create the TCG reference. Points are typically taken from a standard
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Using DAC
DAC/TCG Option
0 to 1, you have recorded the first DAC Curve point. Note that the largest echo to cross the A-Gate will be treated as the reference echo. The gain value at which this point is recorded becomes the baseline gain.
with equally sized reflectors (holes) located at various material depths. The primary echo from each of these points (for up to a total of 16 echoes) are recorded. When DAC is active, the instrument displays a curve that represents echo peaks for constant reflectors at varying material depth. Either one DAC curve or one set of TCG reference points can be stored at a time. To program the DAC Curve:
Step 4: Continue to record additional Curve points, following steps 2 and 3, up to a maximum of 16 points (note that at least two DAC Curve points are required). Step 5: When complete press v next to FINISH. Step 6: Note that stored DAC Curve points can be edited as described in Section 8.3
H Note: DAC curve and status (OFF, TCG, OR DAC) will be stored with data set. When recalled, curve status will be the same as when it was stored. For example, if TCG is active when a data set is stored, it will be active when that data set is recalled.
Step 1: Access the TCG menu by pressing u below the NEXT selection (on the HOME Menu bar) then activating the TCG Menu by pressing u below it. The RECORD submenu will be selected. Step 2: Couple the probe to the first reference point and, using v next to GATE START and GATE THRESHOLD, adjust the A-Gate so that it is broken by the primary echo. If necessary, use the Gain Knob to adjust the gain so that the echo crosses the A-Gate and the highest peak in gate A is at approximately 80% of full-screen height. The highest peak must not be higher than 100% full-screen height. Step 3: While the Gate is lined up over the first reference echo, press v next to the RECORD function. When the value of the RECORD function changes from
8.2.2 Working with DAC

In DAC mode the instrument uses the user-input reference points to create a curve representing the amplitudes of echoes representing same-size reflectors at varying material depth (Figure 8-2). The
8-7
Issue 04, 05/04
DAC/TCG Option
Using DAC
FIGURE 8-2DAC Curve
8-8
Issue 04, 05/04
Using DAC
DAC/TCG Option
Two times the DAC OFFSET value. To turn the DAC OFFSET feature on
recorded reference point data is stored until replaced or edited. To create a DAC curve and operate in DAC mode:
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the SETUP 1 submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the TCG MODE function until DAC appears. The DAC Curve will appear whenever operating in DAC mode.
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the SETUP 2 submenu. (Figure 8-2) Step 2: Press v next to the DAC OFFSET function. Adjust the value as required. Setting the value to zero eliminates the offset curves.
Creating DAC Offset Curves

When operating with DAC turned on, the DAC curve is typically displayed. Additional curves can also be offset from the original DAC curve by a user-inputted amount. The DAC offset amount can range from 0 dB (no offset curves displayed) to 12 dB. When DAC OFFSET is set to any value other than zero, four offset curves will appear in addition to the original DAC curve. Their spacing from the DAC curve will represent the dB OFFSET value The negative of the DAC OFFSET value
Adjusting the Applied Gain Using TRANSFER CORRECTION

When DAC is active, adjusting the instrument gain setting will result in an equal adjustment of the DAC curve position. To increase the instrument gain without changing the DAC curve position, use the TRANSFER CORR function to compensate for varying coupling/ surface conditions.
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the SETUP 2 submenu.
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8-9
DAC/TCG Option
Step 2: Press v next to the TRANSFER CORR function. Adjust the gain value as required. This gain adjustment will only apply to the echo height, not the DAC curve position.
Editing DAC Curve and TCG Reference Points
Step 4: Press v next to the TCG GAIN function to adjust (input for NEW points) the points applied gain (vertical position). Note that this adjustment applies regardless of whether the point is used for TCG reference or a DAC Curve. Step 5: Press v next to the ENTER function to input the adjusted point values (or new points position). The DAC Curve or TCG reference function will be adjusted to match this edited input.
8.3 Editing DAC Curve and TCG Reference Points

After reference points are recorded, their values may be manually adjusted, or new points may be manually input (as long as the total number does not exceed 16 points). To edit points or input additional points:
8.4 Deleting a DAC Curve or TCG Reference Points

To delete a stored DAC curve or TCG reference points
Step 1: With the TCG Menu accessed, select the EDIT submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the POINT function until the desired point number (or NEW if adding an new point) appears. Step 3: Press v next to the TIME function to adjust (input for NEW points) the points horizontal position
Step 1: With the TCG Menu activated, select the SETUP1 submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the DELETE CURVE! function (see Figure 8-1).
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Issue 04, 05/04
Deleting a DAC Curve or TCG Reference Points
DAC/TCG Option
Step 3: Press v next to the DELETE CURVE! function a second time. Then press h to confirm your selection. Step 4: The statement in the function box will change to NO VALID CURVE.
To delete an individual point (without deleting the entire curve):
Step 1: Press u to activate the EDIT submenu. Step 2: Press v next to the POINT function until the desired point number appears. Step 3: Set the values of both TCG GAIN and TIME functions to 0. Step 4: Press v next to ENTER to delete the selected point.
Issue 04, 05/04
8-11
8-12
Issue 04, 05/04
Interface (IF) Gate Option
Issue 04, 05/04
9-1

The USN 58 is available with an optional Interface Gate. The IF Gate is typically used in immersion testing applications. It allows measurements to be referenced from the interface between the immersion liquid (usually water) and the material being inspected. The IF Gate monitors the time window from the initial pulse to this interface surface. The IF Gate is defined and positioned in the same way as the A and B Gates. In addition, the IF Gate crossing can be used as a starting point from which all time-based measurements are taken. This crossing can also define the display starting point. If the DAC/ TCG option is installed, the DAC curve or TCG reference points can be input using either IP (initial pulse) or the IF Gate crossing as a reference. In this chapter you will learn how to: Determine if the IF Gate option is installed Specify Immersion-type testing and input a waterpath velocity (9.1.1) Set the A-Scan display to begin with the first IF Gate flank crossing (9.1.2)
9-2
IF Gate Setup
Adjust and configure the IF Gate (9.1.3) Position Gates A and B relative to the IF Gate flankcrossing using the START MODE function (9.1.4) Display measurements based on IF Gate crossing echoes (9.2.1) Use the IF OFFSET feature to adjust the value of time-based measurements referenced from the IF Gate crossing (9.2.2)
9.1 IF Gate Setup

To confirm that the IF Gate option is installed in your instrument:
Step 1: Select the BASIC Menu. Step 2: From the BASIC Menu, select the OPTIONS Submenu. Step 3: Select the INSTALLED OPT. function, then press v or turn the Function Knob to list each option installed in your instrument. If IF GATE is listed, this
Issue 04, 05/04
IF Gate Setup

With this function setting, measurement of the immersion fluid thickness, the position of the IF Gate, and the IF Gate width are calculated using the fluid velocity.
option is installed in your instrument. If not, contact Agfa NDT to install the option at our facility.
9.1.1 Immersion Testing Method

The IF Gate option allows you to specify two types of measurement methods: CONTACT-the probe is in physical contact with the test piece IMMERSION-sound energy is transmitted from the probe, through the immersion fluid (usually water), and to the material being tested. When the measurement method is set to IMMERSION, a WATER PATH VELOCITY can be input. The instruments default value is set to the acoustic velocity of water (0.0583 inch/microsecond). To select the IMMERSION measurement method and adjust the water path velocity:
Step 4: With the IMMERSION measuring method selected, the WATER PATH VELocity function is enabled. You may manually adjust the acoustic velocity for the immersion fluid (usually water). The default value (0.0583 inch/microsecond) is set to the acoustic velocity of water.
H Note: When DELAY MODE is set to IMMERSION, all calculations that consider the elapsed time from the initial pulse to the IF Gate crossings are based on the WATER PATH VELocity. When the IF Gate is used in other than immersion applications (such as with a contact probe) be sure to set the DELAY MODE to CONTACT. This ensures that the inputted acoustic velocity of the material being tested is used in calculations based on the IF Gate crossing.
Step 1: Select the GATES Menu. Step 2: Select the IF ADVanced Submenu. Step 3: Select the DELAY MODE function, then press v or turn the Function Knob to select IMMERSION.
Issue 04, 05/04
9-3
IF Gate Setup
9.1.2 IF Gate Crossing as the Display Starting Point

When not operating with the IF Gate enabled, the A-Scan display starting point is automatically set to IP (Initial Pulse). With the IF Gate option enabled, the display starting point can be set to either IP or IF. When set to IF, the left-hand side of the A-Scan is aligned with the first IF-Gate flank crossing. To set the A-Scan display starting point:
to the display starting point, moving it left or right. To adjust the display delay:
Step 1: Press h. Step 2: Select the DISPLAY DELAY function, then press v or turn the function knob to move the display starting point to the left (positive delay) or right (negative delay).
9.1.3 Configuring the IF Gate

The IF Gate is positioned and configured in the same manner as the A and B Gates, with the exception of the START MODE function (described in the next section). All gate positioning functions are described in Chapter 3. Following is a list of the functions that apply to the IF Gate: Gate Start (3.1.1) Gate Width (3.1.1) Gate Threshold (3.1.1) Gate Detection (Peak or Flank - 3.1.2)
Step 1: Select the BASIC Menu. Step 2: Select the CONFIG Submenu. Step 3: Select the DISPLAY START function, and then press v until the value is set to IF. The left-hand side of the A-Scan display will align with the first IF Gate flank crossing. When no IF Gate crossing occurs, the displays starting point aligns with the IF Gates starting point.
Note that when operating in either the IF or IP display start configuration, the displays exact starting point can be adjusted using the DISPLAY DELAY function. This function applies a positive or negative time delay
9-4
Issue 04, 05/04
Measurements Based on IF Gate Crossings

Step 2: Select the GATEMODE Submenu. Step 3: Select the gate you wish to position using the GATE SELECT function. Step 4: Select the START MODE function, and then press v to set the starting point reference to IP, IF GATE, or A GATE.
H Note: When A Gates or B Gates START MODE function is set to IF GATE, any change in the IF-Gates first flank crossing point will automatically produce an equal change in the starting point of the linked gate. This feature, known as Automatic Gate Tracking, exists between Gates A and B when B-Gates START MODE is set to A-GATE.
Magnify Gate (3.1.3) Gate Alarm Logic (also allows the gate to be Turned Off - 3.1.4)
9.1.4 Setting Gates A and B Relative to IF Gate Using START MODE

When not operating with the IF Gate enabled, the starting points for Gates A and B are positioned a specified distance from the initial pulse (IP) or Gate B is positioned a specified distance from the start of Gate A. With the IF Gate option enabled, the starting point for each gate can be measured from the first flank crossing point in the IF Gate. Further, when the IF Gate option is enabled, and Gate Bs starting point is positioned a specified distance from the first flank crossing in Gate A, any change in Gate As first flank crossing point will cause an equal change in the starting point of Gate B. (see Figure 9-1) To position a gates starting point a specified distance from another Gates first flank crossing (using START MODE function):
9.2 Measurements Based on IF Gate Crossings

The IF Gate is typically used in immersion testing applications. It allows measurements to be referenced from the interface between the immersion liquid
9-5
Step 1: Select the GATES Menu.

Issue 04, 05/04
FIGURE 9-1The START MODE function allows you to link the starting point of Gates A and B to the IF Gates first flank crossing point. The flank crossing is always used as a reference, whether the IF Gates detection setting is set to flank or peak. It also allows you to link the starting point of Gate B to Gate A.

H Note: Gate-to-gate multi-echo measurements (such as SAI) are only available for display when the trailing gates (in this case, A-Gate) START MODE is set to the leading gate (in this case, IF Gate). See 9.1.4 to set START MODE. This also applies to the other multiecho measurements, SBI and SBA.
(usually water) and the material being inspected. In immersion applications, the IF Gate is usually positioned so that the first echo that returns from the immersion fluid-to-test material interface triggers it. The starting positions of Gates A and B are then usually tied to the IF Gates first flank crossing point (using the START MODE function located in the GATEMODE Submenu).
9.2.1 IF-Gate Measurements

When the IF Gate is enabled, the measured values shown in Figure 9-2 can be displayed (see section 3.5 to select measured readings for display using the RESULTS Menu). Its important to note that the relative distance measurements (such as SBI, the thickness between the IF Gate trigger and the B Gate trigger) can only be displayed if the later gates START MODE (located in the GATEMODE Submenu) is set to IF GATE.
9.2.2 Using IF OFFSET

When the IF Gate option is enabled, time based measurements taken from the IF Gate detection point (flank or peak crossing depending on the IF Gate DETECTION MODE setting) can be adjusted using the IF OFFSET function. Setting IF OFFSET equal to any value other than zero modifies the calculated Time-ofFlight (TOF) to the IF Gate detection point. The OFFSET function also modifies all time based measurements that are referenced to this IF Gate detection point. To adjust the IF OFFSET:
Step 1: Select the GATES Menu. Step 2: Select the IF ADVanced Submenu.
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9-7

Step 3: Select the IF OFFSET function, then press v or turn the Function Knob to adjust the level of offset. This will modify all time based measurements that depend on an IF Gate crossing.
H Note: The IF OFFSET function directly changes the TOF calculated for the IF Gate detection point. This has the effect of adjusting measured values whenever time based measurements depend on an IF Gate crossing. Do not set the offset value to any number other than zero unless you are familiar with the effects of this offset on the measured data.
9-8
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FIGURE 9-2These readings can be displayed only when the IF Gate option is enabled.
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9-9
9-10
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DGS Option
10
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10-1
DGS Option
The USN 58 is available with an optional Distance Gain Sizing (DGS) feature. This feature is accessed through the DGS menu, which is located by pressing u below the NEXT selection on the HOME menu bar. The DGS feature allows the user to use a particular probe to compare a reflector in a test piece with a known standard reflector. The DGS feature relies on a reference curve based on a recorded reference point. The procedure for recording a reference point using the DGS Menu is described below.
Using DGS
Calibrating or changing certain settings after the DGS Reference Echo has been recorded will cause the stored reference to be deleted.
10.1.1 Specifying a Probe and Preparing to Record the Reference Echo

Before using the DGS feature to evaluate reflectors in test pieces, the characteristics of the attached probe must be specified, certain characteristics of the reference standard must be input, and a reference echo must be stored. To specify the probe characteristics:
10.1 Using DGS

When the DGS function is in use, echoes from equally sized reflectors located at varying depths appear to lie along the DGS Reference Curve. When operating in DGS mode, the DGS Reference Curve appears on the display screen. Before using the DGS function, do the following: Calibrate the instrument/probe combination Make all required instrument settings related to the pulser, receiver, and material-velocity settings.
10-2
Step 1: Press u below the NEXT selection on the HOME menu bar, then press the correct u key to access the DGS menu. Step 2: Select the SETUP submenu, then the PROBE # function. Once activated, this function allows you to choose from the list of probe types in Table 10-1. These are probes for which probe characteristics are already input in the USN 58, with the exception of the user-defined probe (PROBE # 1):
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Using DGS
DGS Option
Table 10-1 DGS PROBE-NUMBER ASSIGNMENTS
Instrument Setting PROBE #1 PROBE #2 PROBE #3 PROBE #4 PROBE #5 PROBE #6 PROBE #7 PROBE #8 PROBE #9 PROBE #10 PROBE #11 PROBE #12 PROBE #13
Probe Type User defined B1S B2S B4S MB2S MB4S MB5S MWB45-2 MWB60-2 MWB70-2 MWB45-4 MWB60-4 MWB70-4
Instrument Setting PROBE #14 PROBE #15 PROBE #16 PROBE #17 PROBE #18 PROBE #19 PROBE #20 PROBE #21 PROBE #22 PROBE #23 PROBE #24 PROBE #25
Probe Type SWB45-2 SWB60-2 SWB70-2 SWB45-5 SWB60-5 SWB70-5 WB45-1 WB60-1 WB70-1 WB45-2 WB60-2 WB70-2
Step 3: If the user-defined probe type (PROBE #1) is selected, you can then select the PROBE NAME function. Then use the Gain and Function knobs (the Gain knob changes location within the name, the Function knob changes the character value) to input a new name. Note that selecting any PROBE # value other than 1 will prevent you from modifying the PROBE NAME or any of the other settings described in Step 4. Step 4: If the user-defined probe type (PROBE #1) is selected, you must then select the DGS PROBE submenu and input the characteristics for the probe youve connected including:
XTAL FREQUENCYThe probes frequency rating EFF. DIAMETERThe probe elements effective diameter rating DELAY VELOCITYUser determined delay-line velocity Note that these characteristics cant be changed for any probes other than PROBE #1.
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10-3
DGS Option
Using DGS
10.1.2 Record the Reference Echo that Defines the DGS Curve
Prior to generating the DGS curve, a test standard with a known reflector must be used to define a reference point. Acceptable test standards include these reference types: BWBackwall echo with reference defect size defined as infinity SDHSide Drilled Hole with a reference defect size defined as the holes diameter FBHFlat Bottom Hole with a reference defect size equal to the holes facial diameter Follow these steps and Figure 10-1 to record a reference echo:
Step 2: Couple the probe to the known standard, capture the reference flaw so that its reflected echo is displayed on the instruments A-Scan, and adjust the A-Gates starting point to ensure that the resulting echo triggers the gate. Step 3: Adjust the gain knob until the reference flaws A-Scan peak measures 80% of FSH (A%A = 80%). Step 4: With the probe coupled to the standard, and the reference flaws echo captured by the A-Gate, press v next to the RECORD REF function to store a DGS reference echo.
H Note: will When a DGS reference echo is stored, the appear in the displays status bar (upper right corner). Note that only one DGS reference echo can be stored at a time. To delete the currently stored reference, access the REF CORR submenu, select DELETE REF, and follow the on-screen prompts. H Note: When a DGS reference echo is stored, two measurement results boxes will be automatically set (if not already configured) to display SA and A%A values.
Step 1: Select the REF ECHO submenu, then the REFERENCE TYPE function. Once activated, this function allows you to select one of the three reference types described above, and specify the size of the known standards reference flaw.
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Using DGS
DGS Option
FIGURE 10-1Recording a DGS reference point from which a DGS Curve will be generated.
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10-5
DGS Option
These result selections will remain locked until the DGS reference is deleted. The following two adjustments should be made prior to recording a reference echo. Changing these values after the DGS curve is generated will cause the curve to be deleted. REF ATTEN (found in the REF CORR submenu) Specify a sound attenuation value (in dB per inch or mm of material thickness) for the material from which the known standard is made. AMPL CORRECT (found in the REF CORR submenu)Correction required when using an anglebeam type probe. This value is specified on the probes data sheet.
Using DGS
curve it simply removes the curve from the display and disables the DGS mode. Once the DGS Curve is displayed, it can be adjusted using one of these three functions: TEST ATTEN (found in the MAT ATTN submenu) Specify a sound attenuation value (in dB per inch or mm of material thickness) for the material from which the test piece is made. TRANSFER CORR. (found in the MAT ATTN submenu) dB compensation for difference in coupling conditions between the known standard and the test piece. DGS CURVE (found in the SETUP and EVALUATE submenus)Positions the probes DGS Curve based on the size of the reflector (flaw) being tested. The setting will usually depend on the largest acceptable flaw size.
10.1.3 Display and Adjust the DGS Curve

Once a reference echo has been recorded, the DGS curve is displayed simply by selecting the SETUP submenu in the DGS menu, then setting the DGS MODE function to ON (Figure 10-2). Note that switching this value to OFF does not delete the
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Using DGS
DGS Option
FIGURE 10-2DGS Curve
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10-7
DGS Option
Evaluating Test Samples in DGS Mode
10.2 Evaluating Test Samples in DGS Mode

Once the curve is recorded and displayed (by turning DGS MODE on), echoes are automatically compared to the DGS curve and evaluated based on the recorded reference. There are two ways in which this comparison can be made: A%cAAmplitude of the signal crossing the A-Gate as a percentage of the corresponding DGS Curve amplitude. This is shown in Figure 10-2. Note that this comparison method will change to dBcA (the dB equivalent height of the signal above or below the corresponding DGS Curve amplitude) when the AMP MODE function is set to dB THRESHOLD. ERSEquivalent Reflector Size evaluates the reflected echo and calculates the equivalent reflector size. These two options are selected using the EVAL. RESULT function located in the EVALUATE submenu.
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BEA (Backwall Echo Attenuator) Option
11
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11-1

The USN 58 is available with an optional Backwall Echo Attenuator (BEA) feature. This feature is accessed through the PLSRVR menu by pressing u below the BCK ATTN submenu. The BEA feature allows the user to position the B-Gate to correspond with a specific test-material depth (typically to match the test parts backwall), and then adjust the gain setting for only those echoes falling within the B-Gates region. When BEA is activated, the gain applied to the backwall echo is set lower than the system gain applied to all other echoes. This allows backwall echoes that peak higher than full-screen height to be brought into view on-screen and monitored. All gaterelated functions, including gate-logic control, timebase measurements, amplitude measurements, and TTL alarm assignments operate as they do when not in BEA mode. See section 11.2 for additional notes on BEA operation.
Using Backwall Echo Attenuator Mode
11.1 Using Backwall Echo Attenuator Mode

H Note: B-Gate must be activated to use BEA. When the BEA function is in use, a different gain level is applied to backwall and other echoes that fall within the region of the B-Gate. To operate in BEA mode do the following:
Step 1: Activate Gate B. Step 2: Press u below the PLSRVR menu on the Home Menu Bar. Step 3: Press u below the BCK ATTN submenu. The function bar will appear as shown in Figure 11-1. Step 4: Press v next to the MODE function until the BEA Mode is turned ON. The BEA icon will appear. The value of BW GAIN is now the level of gain applied to all A-Scan echoes falling within B-Gates region. Step 5: Press v next to the B-START or GATE B WIDTH functions to adjust the position and width of Gate B.
11-2
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Notes on Operating in BEA Mode

Step 6: Press v next to the BW GAIN function, then adjust the amount of gain to be applied to all signals within B-Gates region.
11.2 Notes on Operating in BEA Mode

The following notes identify other instrument features that are affected when operating in BEA mode. The B-Gate Start Mode (Gates Gate Mode Start Mode) cannot be set to A-Gate (but can be set to IP or IF-Gate)
FIGURE 11-1Turning on the BEA function allows the gain level applied to all echoes in Gate B (the right-hand gate in this figure) to be adjusted independent of the level of gain applied to all other echoes. In this case 28 dB is applied to all echoes within the region of Gate B, while 52 dB is applied to all other echoes.
When A-Gate and B-Gate overlap, the gain setting for BEA/B-Gate supersedes the general instrumentgain setting and is applied to all echoes under BGates region. Time-base and amplitude measurements involving Gate B are made based on the attenuated echos position in Gate B and the user-defined trigger point (Flank or Peak). All gate logic and TTL alarm assignment functions operate as they do when not in BEA mode
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11-3
11-4
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VGA Connector Option
12
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12-1
VGA Connector Option

The instrument can be equipped with an additional DB15 style connector to which a monitor or PC projector can connect. The VGA output is provided through this direct plug-in connector, which is located on the instruments back panel, beneath the hand grip.
12-2
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Appendix
13
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13-1
Appendix
Charging the Standard Lithium Battery Pack
13.1 Charging the Standard Lithium Battery Pack

USN 58 Series instruments are supplied with a standard Lithium battery pack. This pack is specially designed for the USN 58 and approximately doubles the operating time when compared to optional NiMH D-cells.
The Lithium battery packs charger contains several indicating LEDs: Green POWER LED illuminates anytime the charger is connected to either the battery pack or an AC power source. Green CHARGE LED illuminates to indicate that the Lithium battery pack is being charged. Yellow DONE LED illuminates to indicate that the battery charging cycle is complete. H Note: When both the Green CHARGE LED and the Yellow DONE LED are on at the same time a trickle charge is going into the batteries to top them off. Red ERROR LED has two functions. It can indicate that the pack voltage has fallen too low to be recharged. In this case the pack is either worn out or contains a faulty cell. The pack must be replaced. The LED can also indicate that an over/under temperature condition exists in the pack. The temperature of the pack must remain within a range of 0 to 60 degree C in order for the charger to
Only the standard Lithium battery pack can be charged in the instrument by connecting the Krautkramer Lithium battery charger to the Lithium battery charging port identified in Figure 1-1 (4-pin connector on the side of the Lithium battery pack).
H Note: A spare Lithium battery pack can be recharged by simply connecting it to the Lithium Battery Pack Charger. The Lithium battery packs charging cycle takes approximately seven hours to complete. The instrument can be used while the Lithium charger is connected and the battery pack is being charged but the charging time will be somewhat longer.
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Charging the Optional D-Cell Batteries
Appendix
Step 3: The charger adapter and battery pack are designed to work together. Only use the charger to charge batteries that are installed in the pack. Mate the battery pack to the charger adapter as shown above. Note that the charging terminals from the pack and charger adapter must be properly aligned for charging to proceed. Step 4: When charging the battery pack, the chargers YELLOW indication lamp will light steadily. Step 5: When charging is complete (typically after six to seven hours) the YELLOW indication lamp will blink. You may remove the battery pack from the charger and re-install the pack to the back of the instrument.
H Note: The optional external charger may only be used to charge 9.0 Ahr NiMH batteries.
operate. If the temperature of the pack falls outside of these limits, the RED LED will illuminate and charging will stop. When the pack temperature returns to a safe operating level, charging will resume.
13.2 Charging the Optional D-Cell Batteries

Step 1: To charge the six optional rechargeable batteries (9.0 Ahr NiMH), you must first remove the optional battery tray. To remove the tray simply place the instrument screen-side down and loosen the four knurl-headed screws on the rear of the instrument. When all four screws are loosened (they will not separate completely from the tray), lift the battery tray off of the back of the instrument. Step 2: A separate battery charger is required to charge the 9.0 Ahr NiMH batteries when removed from the instrument. Plug the chargers power cord into a 100-240 VAC power source. Its GREEN indication lamp will illuminate when the charger is supplied with power.
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13-4
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Index
14
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14-1
Index
Symbols
% Screen Height .................................................... 3-11
ASCAN COLOR ...................................................... 2-8 ASCAN MODE ........................................................ 2-8 Attaching Notes .....................................................4-10 Attachment, Probe ................................................. 2-11 ATTENUATION ........................................................ 6-7 Audible Alarm ......................................................... 3-9 AUTOCAL ..............................................................2-20 AWS D1.1 ............................................................... 6-7
A
A%A ...................................................................... 3-16 A%B ...................................................................... 3-16 A%cA ....................................................................10-6 A-SCAN ENHANCE ................................................ 6-4 A-Scan Range ........................................................2-11 A-Scan REJECT Level ........................................... 2-19 ALARMS ................................................................. 3-9 ALRM RST ............................................................ 4-13 AMPL CORRECT ................................................... 10-6 AMPLITUDE .......................................................... 3-11 Amplitude Measurement ........................................ 3-11 analog outputs ........................................................ 7-3 angle beam probe ................................................... 3-15
14-2
B
Backwall Echo Attenuator ............................. 1-24, 11-2 BASELINE BREAK ................................................. 6-4 BATTERY TYPE ..................................................... 2-2 Baud Rate ..............................................................5-20 BCK ATTN ............................................................. 11-2 BEA .......................................................................11-2 Beam Index Point (BIP) ......................................... 3-15 Behind the Freeze Mode ........................................ 4-15
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Index
BRIGHTNESS ........................................................ 2-6 BW .........................................................................10-4 DAC ........................................................................ 8-2 DAC curves ............................................................. 8-6 DAC Offset Curves ................................................. 8-9 DAMPING. ............................................................. 2-11 COLOR ................................................................... 2-7 COLORING ............................................................3-16 COLOR LEG .......................................................... 3-16 COMPARE ............................................................. 3-14 CONFIG Submenu ................................................. 1-12 CONTACT ............................................................... 9-3 COPY MODE .........................................................5-18 COUNT ................................................................... 6-3 CREATE NEW ........................................................ 5-6 CUSTOM LINEAR ................................................... 5-8 Data Out Inhibit ....................................................... 7-3 data-set file ............................................................. 5-6 Date ........................................................................ 2-4 Date Valid ................................................................ 7-3 DB ......................................................................... 3-17 dB Reference .......................................................... 4-6 dB STEP ................................................................ 4-4 dB Threshold .......................................................... 3-11 dBcA ...................................................................... 10-6 dBrA ...................................................................... 3-16 dBrB ...................................................................... 3-16 dBtA ...................................................................... 3-16 dBtB ...................................................................... 3-16
14-3
D
D1.1 RATING .......................................................... 6-7 DA .......................................................................... 3-17
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Index
DELAY MODE ........................................................ 9-3 DELAY VELOCITY ................................................. 10-3 Deleting (CLEARING) Existing Data Files ..............5-11 DGS .......................................................................10-2 DGS Reference Curve ............................................10-2 Display Delay ......................................................... 2-14 Display Grid ............................................................ 2-6 Display Screen Features ........................................ 1-16 DISPLAY START ................................................... 2-15 DISPLAY-COLOR .................................................... 2-7 Distance Amplitude Correction ................................ 8-2 Distance Gain Size ................................................ 1-23 DUAL. ..................................................................... 2-9 FBH .......................................................................10-4 Features of the USN 58 .........................................1-19 FILENAME ............................................................. 5-6 FILENAME Submenu ............................................. 1-14 FREEZE MODE ........................................... 3-12, 4-15 ERS .......................................................................10-8 EVAL. RESULT ...................................................... 10-8 External Descriptions .............................................. 7-3
G
gain ......................................................................... 4-4 GAIN Submenu ......................................................1-13 Gate Detection Method ........................................... 3-6 GATE START .......................................................... 3-4 GATE THRESHOLD ................................................ 3-6 GATE WIDTH .......................................................... 3-6
E
EFF. DIAMETER .................................................... 10-3 Equivalent Reflector Size ....................................... 10-8
14-4
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Index
GATEMODE Submenu ........................................... 1-13 GATES menu .......................................................... 3-2 GATES-ALARMS-LOGIC ........................................ 3-9 GRID. ...................................................................... 2-6 LA ..........................................................................3-19 Language ................................................................ 2-4 LATCHED ...............................................................3-11
H
HELP SCREENS ................................................... 4-17 HORN ..................................................................... 3-9
LB ..........................................................................3-19 LINEAR ................................................................... 5-8 LOCK .....................................................................3-21 LOG TO FILE ......................................................... 5-19 LOG TO PORT ....................................................... 5-19
I
icons ...................................................................... 1-19 IF ADV .................................................................... 9-3 IF Gate ................................................................... 9-2 IF OFFSET ............................................................. 9-7 Immersion Testing ................................................... 9-3 INDICATION ............................................................ 6-7 INSTANTANIOUS ...................................................3-11
Logger Files ............................................................ 5-6 LOGIC .................................................................... 3-9 LOS .......................................................................5-20 Loss of Signal ........................................................ 5-20 LRG DISP .............................................................. 4-13
M
MAGNIFY ..............................................................4-10
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14-5
Index
MAGNIFY GATE .................................................... 4-13 MASTER LOCK ..................................................... 3-20 MAT ATTN ..............................................................10-6 material-thickness limits ........................................ 3-11 memo ....................................................................5-12 MULTISTORE ......................................................... 5-8 MUXD Ascan Enable .............................................. 7-5 OFFSET ................................................................. 8-9 Optional Features ...................................................1-23 OPTIONS Submenu ...............................................1-12 Output Delay ........................................................... 7-3 Outputting to a Computer ....................................... 5-20
P
PA ..........................................................................3-17 PARADUMP ...........................................................5-19 PB ......................................................................... 3-17 PEAK STD ............................................................ 3-14 POS HALFWAVE ................................................... 2-17 POSITION .............................................................. 3-4 Positioning Gates .................................................... 3-4 Pre-calibration Check List ...................................... 2-18 Previewing Existing Data Files ............................... 5-11 PRF .......................................................................2-15 PRF VALUE ........................................................... 2-15
N
navigate through the file contents .......................... 4-10 NEG HALFWAVE ................................................... 2-17 NOISE IMMN .......................................................... 6-2 Noise Immunization ................................................ 6-2 Notes for Attachment to Thickness Measurements ................................................ 5-14
O
O-DIAMETER ........................................................3-16
14-6
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Index
PRINTER ...............................................................5-16 Printing a Report .................................................... 5-16 PROBE # ............................................................... 10-2 PROBE ANGLE ..................................................... 3-15 Probe Attachment .................................................. 2-11 PROBE DELAY ..................................................... 2-22 PROBE NAME ....................................................... 10-3 Probe Type .............................................................. 2-9 Pulser VOLTAGE Level........................................... 2-18 Pulser Repetition Frequency .................................. 2-15 PULSER Submenu ................................................1-12 Pulser Type ............................................................ 2-17 Pulser Width ...........................................................2-18 PULSER-DAMPING ...............................................2-11 RANGE Submenu ..................................................1-12 RB ......................................................................... 3-17 RECEIVER Submenu ............................................1-13 RECEIVER-FREQUENCY ...................................... 2-9 RECORD ................................................................ 8-3 RECTIFY ...............................................................2-17 REF ATTEN ........................................................... 10-6 REF CORR ............................................................10-6 REF ECHO ............................................................10-4 REFERENCE .......................................................... 6-7 Reference Echo .....................................................10-2 REFERENCE TYPE ............................................... 10-4 REJECT ................................................................ 2-19 remote control ......................................................... 7-6 REPORT ................................................................ 5-18 Report Headers ......................................................5-12 RA ......................................................................... 3-17 RANGE ..................................................................2-14
Reports ..................................................................5-16
Index
Resetting Latched Alarms ......................................4-13 Resetting the Instrument ......................................... 6-9 RESULTS ..............................................................3-19 REVERSE VIDEO .................................................. 2-7 RF ..........................................................................2-17 SPARKLE ............................................................... 6-4 SPIKE ................................................................... 2-17 SQUARE ................................................................ 2-17 START MODE ......................................................... 9-5
T
TCG ........................................................................ 8-2 TCG ATTENUATION ................................................ 8-4 TCG CURVE ........................................................... 8-4 TCG reference points .............................................. 8-4 TEST ATTEN ......................................................... 10-6 Text-Entry feature ................................................... 5-12 thickness limits ...................................................... 3-12 Thickness Measurements ...................................... 5-10 Time ....................................................................... 2-5 Time Corrected Gain ............................................... 8-2 TIMED ................................................................... 3-11
S
S-REF1 .................................................................. 2-20 S-REF2 .................................................................. 2-20 SA ......................................................................... 3-17 SAP Out ................................................................. 7-5 SAVE EDITS .......................................................... 5-8 SB ......................................................................... 3-17 SBA .......................................................................3-17 SDH .......................................................................10-4 Service .................................................................. 0-13 SMART VIEW ......................................................... 6-3
14-8
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Index
TRANSFER CORRECTION .................................... 8-9 TRIG Menu ............................................................3-14 TTL OUT ................................................................ 3-10 TTL Outputs ............................................................ 3-8
X
X value .................................................................. 3-15 XTAL FREQUENCY ...............................................10-3
U
Units of Measurement ............................................. 2-5 USER GAIN ............................................................ 4-4
V
VELOCITY ............................................................. 2-22 VIEW ...................................................................... 4-8
W
Warranty ................................................................ 0-13 WATER PATH VELOCITY ........................................ 9-3 weld rating ............................................................... 6-7 WINDOW ................................................................ 6-2
Issue 04, 05/04
14-9

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GE Inspection Technologies

1 Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays ............. 1-1

2 Setup and Calibration of the USN 58 . 2-1

1.6 1.7 1.8

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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3 Configuring Your Instrument for Measurement ............................... 3-1

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Krautkramer USN 58 Series

4 Using the Test Menu .......................... 4-1

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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4.7 4.8 4.9

4.10 Accessing the HELP SCREENS ........... 4-17

5 Storing and Outputting Data ............ 5-1

Storing Thickness Measurements in Data Logger Files .................................. 5-10

6 Advanced Base-Model Features ............................................. 6-1

8 DAC/TCG Option ................................ 8-1

7 I/O Ports Technical Data .................... 7-1

Editing DAC Curve and TCG Reference Points ...................................8-10

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

9 Interface (IF) Gate Option .................. 9-1

11 BEA (Backwall Echo Attenuator) Option ............................................... 11-1

12 VGA Connector Option ................... 12-1 13 Appendix .......................................... 13-1

10 DGS Option ...................................... 10-1

14 Index ................................................. 14-1

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these factors are beyond the scope of the operating manual.

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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Important Notice Test Application Requirements

Flaw Size Evaluation

Coverage and Location of Test

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Specifications and Procedures

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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Important Notice Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements

Doubling of Thickness Readings

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Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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MINIMUM THICKNESS TIMES 2

ELECTRONIC BLOCKING RANGE

PROBABLE MINIMUM THICKNESS TO PRODUCE ANY USEABLE ECHO

RELATIVE THICKNESS (TYPICAL)

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Krautkramer USN 58 Series

Important Notice Warranty

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THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

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Krautkramer USN 58 Series

Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays 1

Krautkramer USN 58 Series

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Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays

1.1 Battery installation

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Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays

Understanding the Keypad, Menu System, and Displays

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Krautkramer USN 58 Series

Powering On and Off the Instrument