Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

CHU E1. BIET HOA TR.

LAP CONG THC HOA HOC KHI

- Van dung qui tac hoa tr e lap. AxaByb ta luon co : a.x = b.y Hoa tr cua nguyen to nay la ch so cua nguyen to kia Bai tap van dung: Hay lap cac cong thc hoan thanh bang sau khi biet hoa tr cac nguyen to (hay nhom nguyen t ) tao nen chat. LP CNG THC CC HP CHT THEO BNG SAU Nhm Hidro v cc kim loi hidroxit H K Na Ag Mg Ca Ba Zn Hg Pb Cu Fe Fe Al v gc ( I ) ( I ) ( I ) ( I ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( II ) ( III) ( III) axit - OH - Cl - NO3 =S = SO3 = SO4 = CO3 PO4 - HCO3 - HSO4 DAY HOAT ONG HOA HOC CUA KIM LOAI Li+ , K+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni+, Sn2+, Pb2+, 2H+ , Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Ag+, Pt2+, Au+ Li , K, Ba, Ca, Ag, Pt, Au Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H2 , Cu, Fe2+, Hg,

Quy tac anpha

Bai tap van dung: Hoan thanh cac PTHH t nhng s o phan ng sau: Na + O2 Na2O Ca + O2 CaO H2 + O2 H2O Al + O2 Al2O3 Bai tap Hoa hoc 1

CHU E 2. LAP PHNG TRNH HOA HOC KHI BIET S O PHAN NG.

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh Fe + O2 Fe3O4 N2 + O2 N2O3 N2 + O2 N2O5 P + O2 P2O5 Na + H2O NaOH + H2 Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + HCl CuCl2 + H2O NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2 Fe + Cl2 FeCl3 Na2CO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 Lap cac phng trnh hoa hoc sau: P2O5 + H2O H3PO4 N2O5 + H2O HNO3 FeO + HCl FeCl2 + Fe2O3 + HCl FeCl3 + Al2O3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + Fe(OH)2 + HCl FeCl2 + Fe(OH)3 + HCl FeCl3 + CaCO3 + H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 Al + CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 NaOH + Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3 +

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

H2O

H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O + H2O + Cu Na2SO4

CO2

CHU E 3 VIET PHNG TRNH MINH HOA CHO CAC TNH CHAT SAU

Tnh chat cua kim loai: - Kim loai tac dung vi phi kim tao thanh muoi.(Fe tac dung vi Cl2 th co hoa tr III) - Kim loai (tr Ag, Au, Pt) tac dung vi oxi tao thanh oxit.(Fe tac dung oxi tao oxit sat t) - Kim loai (trc H trong day hoat ong hoa hoc)Tac dung vi axit tao thanh muoi va hidro. - Kim loai trc Mg tac dung vi nc tao thanh dung dch bazo va hidro. - Kim loai t Mg tr ve sau : kim loai ng trc tac dung vi muoi cua kim loai ng sau tao ra muoi mi va kim loai mi. Tnh chat cua oxit: - Oxit bazo(cua kim loai trc Mg) tac dung vi nc tao thanh dung dch bazo. - Oxit bazo tac dung vi axit tao thanh muoi va nc. - Oxit bazo (cua kim loai trc Mg) tac dung vi oxit axit tao thanh muoi. - Oxit axit tac dung vi nc tao thanh dung dch axit. - Oxit axit tac dung vi dung dch bazo tao thanh muoi va nc. - Oxit axit tac dung vi oxit bazo tao thanh muoi. Tnh chat cua axit: - Lam quy tm hoa o. - Tac dung vi kim loai tao muoi va hidro. - Tac dung vi oxit bazo tao muoi va nc. - Tac dung vi bazo tao muoi va nc. - Tac dung vi muoi tao muoi mi va axit mi (phan ng trao oi) Tnh chat cua bazo: Bai tap Hoa hoc 2 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch - Dung dch bazo lam quy tm hoa xanh. - Dung dch bazo lam phenolphtalein t khong mau chuyen thanh mau hong. - Dung dch bazo tac dung vi oxit axit tao muoi va nc. - Dung dch bazo tac dung vi dung dch muoi tao thanh muoi mi va bazo mi (phan ng trao oi) - Bazo tac dung vi axit tao muoi va nc. - Bazo khong tan b phan huy tao thanh oxit bazo va nc. Tnh chat cua muoi: - Tac dung vi kim loai tao thanh muoi mi va kim loai mi. - Tac dung vi axit tao thanh muoi mi va axit mi. .(phan ng trao oi) - Tac dung vi dung dch bazo tao thanh muoi mi bazo mi. .(phan ng trao oi) - Tac dung vi muoi tao thanh hai muoi mi.(phan ng trao oi) ieu kien e phan ng trao oi xay ra: can mot trong hai ieu kien sau: - San pham phai co chat khong tan. - San pham phai co chat bay hi (chat kh) Cach ieu che kim loai t oxit bazo: - Oxit cua kim loai sau Al co the dung: H2; CO; Al . - Oxit cua kim loai t Al ve trc phai ien phan nong chay oxit , muoi hoac ien phan dung dch muoi. Day hoat ong hoa hoc cua kim loai:

Li Pt

K Ba Ca Au

Na

Mg

Al

Mn

Zn

Fe

Sn

Pb

Cu

Hg

Ag

Kim loai tac dung c vi nc.

Kim loai ng trc ay kim loai ng sau ra khoi muoi.

Kim loai tac dung c vi axit giai phong kh hidro.

Cau1. Co nhng chat: H2O, K2O, SO3, KOH, Fe2O3, H2SO4, Al2O3, CO2, CO. Nhng chat nao co the tac dung vi nhau tng oi mot? Viet PTHH xay ra. Cau2. Co nhng oxit: SiO2, CaO, SO3, NO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, N2O5, P2O5. Hay cho biet nhng oxit nao tac dung c vi: a.Nc , b.Axitclohidric, c.Natri hidroxit? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra. Cau3. Co nhng chat: Cu, CuO, MgCO3, Mg, MgO. Chat nao noi tren tac dung c vi dd H2SO4 loang sinh ra: a.Chat kh chay c trong khong kh? b.Chat kh lam uc nc voi trong? c.Dung dch co mau xanh? d.Dung dch khong mau va nc? Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. Bai tap Hoa hoc 3 T: 0978664738

CHU E 4. VAN DUNG KIEN THC HOAN THANH CHUOI PHAN NG . MO TA VA GIAI THCH HIEN TNG

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau4. Co nhng kh am(co lan hi nc): amoniac(NH3), Clo(Cl2), Cacbon ioxit(CO2), Hidro(H2), Oxi(O2) . Kh am nao co the lam kho bang: a.Axit sunfuric ac. b.Canxi oxit. Giai thch ? Biet NH3 co tnh chat hoa hoc cua bazo tan. Cau5. Co nhng bazo sau: Cu(OH)2, KOH, Fe(OH)3, NaOH, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Zn(OH)2. Hay cho biet nhng bazo nao : a.Tac dung vi dd HCl? b.B phan huy nhiet o cao? c.Tac dung c vi CO2? d.Tac dung c vi FeCl3? e.oi mau quy tm thanh xanh? Cau6. Co nhng chat sau: P, CuO, Ba(NO3)2, H2SO4, NaOH, O2, H2O. Hay viet cac phan ng ieu che nhng chat: H3PO4, Cu(OH)2, CuSO4, HNO3, Na3PO4, Cu(NO3)2. Cau7. Co nhng chat sau: a. Cu, O2, Cl2 va dd HCl. Hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che CuCl2 bang hai cach khac nhau. b. MgSO4, NaHCO3, K2S, CaCl2. Hay cho biet: -Muoi nao co the tac dung vi dd Na2CO3? -Muoi nao tac dung c vi dd HCl? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra? Cau8. Viet phng trnh phan ng thc hien day bien hoa sau: a.Na NaOH Na2SO4 NaOH Na2CO3 NaCl NaNO3 b.Al Al2O3 Al2(SO4)3 Al(OH)3 AlCl3 Al(NO3)3 c.Cu CuO CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu Cau9. Cho nhng chat : BaO, Fe2(SO4)3, H2O, H2SO4, CuO. T nhng chat a cho hay viet phng trnh phan ng ieu che cac chat sau: Ba(OH)2, Fe(OH)3 , Cu(OH)2. Cau10. Co cac chat : Na2O, Na, NaOH, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, AgCl, NaCl. a.Da vao moi quan he gia cac chat, hay sap xep cac chat tren thanh hai day bien hoa. b.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng trong moi day bien hoa. Cau11.Co 2 s o sau: a. ABCDCu A, B, C, D la nhng hp chat khac nhau cua ong. b.FeEFGH E, F, G, H la nhng hp chat khac nhau cua sat. oi vi moi s o hay lap 2 day bien hoa cho phu hp va viet cac phng trnh phan ng cho moi day bien hoa. Cau12. Hay mo ta hien tng quan sat c khi cho dung dch CuCl2 tac dung lan lt vi nhng chat: a.Dung dch bac nitrat. b.Dung dch Natri hidroxit. c.Mot la kem nho. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. Cau13. Di ay la mot so phan ng hoa hoc ieu che muoi: a.Natri hidroxit + axit nitric A + B b.Kem + C Kem sunfua + D c.Natri sunfat + E Bari sunfat + F d. G + H Sat(III)clorua e. I + J ong(II)nitrat + Cacbon ioxit + nc Bai tap Hoa hoc 4 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Hay cho biet : -ten goi va cong thc hoa hoc cua nhng chat : A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. -Phng trnh hoa hoc va phan loai phan ng noi tren. Cau14. Co nhng chat sau: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CO2, H2O, Fe, KclO3, HCl, H2SO4ac , Cu, KMnO4 Hay chon nhng chat nao co the dung ieu che cac chat sau va viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra: a.ieu che kh hidro. b.ieu che kh oxi. c.ieu che mot dung dch co tnh axit yeu. d.ieu che ong(II)sunfat. Cau15. Co nhng kim loai: Na, Cu, Al, Fe, Mg. Hay chon kim loai nao co tnh chat hoa hoc sau va viet phng trnh phan ng. a.Tac dung vi dung dch axit va dung dch kiem. b.Tac dung vi nc. c.Tac dung vi axit HCl va H2SO4 loang. d. Khong tac dung vi axit HCl va H2SO4 loang. Nhng tac dung c vi H2SO4 ac nong. e.ay c ong ra khoi dung dch muoi. Cau16. Hay lap thanh 3 day chuyen oi hoa hoc t cac chat sau: Fe ; FeCl3; Fe(OH)3 ; Fe2O3. Cau17. Cho cac chat sau hay lap thanh mot day bien hoa khep kn va viet phng trnh hoa hoc. Fe ; FeCl3; Fe(OH)3 ; Fe2O3 ; FeCl2. Cau18. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc theo s o chuyen hoa sau: D a. S A B E A (Lu huynh) E b. A SO2 B H2SO4 SO2 D E SO2 NaHSO3 c. CaCO3 A CaCl2 d. FeCl3 A B e. Fe A D f. Al A A A i. XCO3 Bai tap Hoa hoc B B Cu XCO3 B D D A D D XCO3 5 A NaOH h. CuCl2 CuCl2 G XCO3 T: 0978664738 + CuCl2 + H2O H2O Al B g. Na NaNO3 B E Na2SO4 B CaCO3 CaHCO3 E FeCl3 CO2

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch B E F Cau 19. Chon chat thch hp ien vao moi s o phan ng va lap phng trnh hoa hoc: Na2O + Na2SO4 + Na2SO4 + NaCl + NaCl + NaNO3 + CO2 + NaHCO3 CO2 + Na2CO3 + CO2 + CO Cau 20 Chon chat thch hp ien vao moi s o phan ng va lap phng trnh hoa hoc: .. + FeO + H2O H2SO4 + NaHSO4 + H2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2SO4 + ZnSO4 + BaCO3 + CO2 + + . Cau 21. Chon chat thch hp ien vao moi s o phan ng va lap phng trnh hoa hoc: + NaCl + + HCl + + Fe(OH)3 + + Ba(OH)2 + + CuSO4 + Cau 22. Chon chat thch hp ien vao moi s o phan ng va lap phng trnh hoa hoc: .+ HCl MgCl2 + .+ NaOH Mg(OH)2 + .+ MgO MgCl2 + .+ CuO Cu(NO3)2 + .+ CO Fe + Cau23. Hoan thanh cac phng trnh hoa hoc bieu dien day bien hoa sau: +A A A +A +A +A A1 A3 A5 A7 A8 A10 A7 2 10 6 6 9 11 Biet A1 la kim loai nhe mau trang sang, dan ien , dan nhiet tot, dung lam day dan ien, luon co hoa tr III. A10 nguyen chat la chat long, sanh, long , dung dch loang tac dung vi dd BaCl2 cho ket tua trang khong tan trong cac axit loang. A5 la kh co mui trang thoi. Cau24. Hoan thanh cac phng trnh phan ng theo s o bien hoa sau: A1 A2 A3 A4 Fe Fe A8 A7 A6 A5 Biet rang A1 A8 la cac hp chat khac nhau cua sat. Cau25. Hoan thanh cac phng trnh hoa hoc theo s o sau: Fe(nung o) + O2 -- A A + HCl -- B + C + H2O B + NaOH -- D + G C + NaOH -- E + G b.Lam the nao e chuyen E tr ve Fe? Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. Bai tap Hoa hoc 6 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau26.Cho s o bien hoa gia cac hp chat sau: A B C D E Cho biet : A + O2 B B + O2 C D + Cl2 E Va biet % ve khoi lng cua cac nguyen to X, Y, Z co trong hp chat A, B, C, D, E ( bang di), trong o X la kim loai. Chat %X %Y %Z A 77,78 22,22 B 72,41 27,59 C 70,00 30 D 44,09 55,91 E 34,46 64,54 Tm cong thc cua cac hp chat A, B, C, D, E phu hp vi cac d kien a neu tren. Cau27.Xac nh cac chat A1, A2, A3, A4 va viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc bieu dien day bien hoa theo s o sau: CuCO3 A3 1 CuSO4 2 A2 3 A1 A4 Biet A1 A4 la cac hp chat khac nhau co cha nguyen to Cu. A4 co cha 80% Cu va 20% O ve khoi lng. Cau28. Ngi ta tien hanh hai th nghiem sau: TN1. Co hai coc thuy tinh, coc A ng 10 g CaCO3 va coc B 10g KHCO3 at tren hai a can thang bang, sau o cho vao moi coc 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Ket thuc phan ng , hai a can v tr nao? TN2. Neu thay 100ml dd HCl 1M bang 100ml dung dch HCl 2,5 M roi tiep tuc lam th nghiem nh tren. Ket thuc phan ng , hai a can v tr nao? Cau29.Co cac lo ghi nhan A, B, C, D, E, moi lo ch cha mot trong cac dung dch khong mau sau: K2CO3, H2SO4, NaCl, BaCl2 va Mg(NO3)2. Lay t moi lo mot t dung dch e tien hanh th nghiem va ghi c ket qua bang sau: Th nghiem Hien tng Hoi: A + B Khong Neu cho dung dch bnh A vao dung dch bnh E, E + C Co ket tua trang ta quan sat thay co D + A Khong hien tng hoa hoc g D + E Co ket tua trang xay ra khong? Giai thch B + D Khong va viet cac phng trnh C + A Co ket tua trang hoa hoc minh hoa(neu co). Cau30.Hoan thanh cac phng trnh hoa hoc theo s o sau: a. Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe(NO3)2 FeS2 b.FeS FeO Bai tap Hoa hoc Fe2O3 Fe Fe2O3 7 T: 0978664738 Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)2

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh FeSO4 FeCl2 c. Fe FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 FeO

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

Fe

Fe3O4

Cau31.Thay ch cai A, B, C, D, E, G bang nhng cong thc hoa hoc thch hp roi thiet lap phng trnh hoa hoc theo s o sau: Cu + A B + C + D C + NaOH E E + HCl NaCl + C + D A + NaOH G + D Cau32.Hai coc co khoi lng bang nhau at len hai a can, can thang bang. Cho 10,6 g NaHCO3 vao coc ben trai va 19,72g bot nhom vao coc ben phai. Neu dung dung dch HCl 7,3% th can them vao coc nao , bao nhieu gam e can tr lai thang bang? Cau33 . Tren hai a can e hai coc ng dung dch HCl va H2SO4 sao cho can v tr thang bang. - Cho vao coc ng dung dch HCl 25 g CaCO3. - Cho vao coc ng dung dch H2SO4 a g Al. Can van v tr thang bang. Tnh a biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan theo phng trnh. CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 Cau 34. Dung dch A co cha CuSO4 va FeSO4 a. Them Mg vao dung dch A dung dch B co 3 muoi tan b. Them Mg vao dung dch A dung dch C co 2 muoi tan c. Them Mg vao dung dch A dung dch D co 1 muoi tan Giai thch moi trng hp bang phan ng. Cau 35. Co hien tng g xay ra khi cho Cu vao: a. Dung dch NaNO3 + HCl b. Dung dch CuCl2 c. Dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d. Dung dch HCl co O2 tan. Cau 36. Hon hp kh gom CO, CO2, SO2 (hon hp A). a. Cho A i qua dung dch NaOH d c kh B1 va dung dch B2. b. Cho A i qua dung dch H2S c. Cho A i qua dung dch NaOH khong d. d. Tron A vi O2 d. ot nong tao ra kh X. Hoa tan X bang H2SO4 90% tao ra kh Y va chat long Z. Viet phng trnh phan ng. Cau 37. Chat boat A la Na2CO3, chat bot B la NaHCO3. Co phan ng g xay ra khi: a. Nung nong A va B. b. Hoa tan A va B bang axit H2SO4 loang. c. Cho CO2 loi qua dung dch A va dung dch B. d. Cho A va B tac dung vi dung dch KOH. e. Cho A va B tac dung vi BaCl2 f. Cho A va B tac dung vi Ba(OH)2 Cau 38. Neu hien tng va viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi: a. Suc kh CO2 t t vao dung dch nc voi. b. Cho t t dung dch HCl vao dung dch Na2CO3 c. Them t t dung dch NaOH vao dung dch AlCl3 Bai tap Hoa hoc 8 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 39. Nung nong Cu trong khong kh mot thi gian thu c chat ran A. Hoa tan A bang H2SO4 ac nong c dung dch B va kh C. Kh C tac dung vi dung dch KOH c dung dch D. D va tac dung vi BaCl2 va tac dung vi NaOH. Cho B tac dung vi dung dch KOH. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. Cau 40. Mot dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 va b mol Na2CO3. Neu them (a + b )mol CaCl2 vao dung dch thu c m1 gam ket tua. Neu them (a + b )mol Ca(OH)2 vao dung dch thu c m2 gam ket tua. So sanh m1 va m2. Giai thch. Cau 41. Khi tron dung dch AgNO3 vi dung dch H3PO4 th khong thay co ket tua xuat hien. Neu them NaOH th thay xuat hien ket tua mau vang, neu them tiep dung dch HCl th thay ket tua mau vang chuyen thanh ket tua mau trang. Giai thch bang cac phng trnh hoa hoc Cau 42. Trong 5 dung dch k hieu A, B, C, D,E cha Na2CO3, HCl, BaCl2, H2SO4 va NaCl biet: - o A vao B co ket tua. - o A vao C co kh bay ra - o B vao D co ket tua Xac nh cac chat co k hieu tren va giai thch.

CHU E 5. PHAN BIET CAC HP CHAT VO C, KIM LOAI BANG PHNG PHAP HOA HOC

Van e1. Phan biet c s dung hoa chat ben ngoai tuy y.

Cau 1. Bang phng phap hoa hoc nao co the nhan biet c tng chat trong nhng nhom chat: a. CaO va P2O5 b. Fe2O3 va Al2O3 c.SO2 va CO. d.CO2 va SO2 Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. Cau 2. Co 3 lo khong nhan ng cac dung dch khong mau: HCl, H2SO4 va Na2SO4. Hay neu cach nhan biet cac chat bang phng phap hoa hoc, dan ra pthh minh hoa. Cau 3. Co 5 lo khong nhan, moi lo ng mot trong cac dung dch khong mau: KOH, K2SO4, H2SO4, KCl, HCl. Hay nhan biet cac chat bang phng phap hoa hoc va viet phng trnh phan ng a dung. Cau 4. Co 5 lo khong nhan, moi lo ng mot chat ran mau trang: CaSO 4, CaCO3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, CaO. Hay nhan biet moi chat bang phng phap hoa hoc va viet cac phng trnh phan ng. Cau 5. Phan biet 4 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 4 dung dch : Na2CO3, NaOH, NaCl va HCl. Cau 6. Phan biet 3 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 3 dung dch: KNO3, KCl va K2SO4. Cau 7. Phan biet 3 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 3 dung dch CuCl2, CuSO4 va Cu(NO3)2. Cau 8. Phan biet 4 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 4 dung dch : NaCl, BaCl2, ZnCl2, MgCl2. Cau 9. Phan biet 4 lo mat nhan ng KNO3, KCl ,K2CO3 va K2SO4. Cau 10. Phan biet cac chat cha trong lo mat nhan: a.NaCl , CuCl2, BaCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. Bai tap Hoa hoc 9 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.HCl, NaCl, H2SO4, Na2CO3, K2SO4. c.H2SO4, HCl, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3. Cau 11. Co 5 lo mat nhan ng cac dung dch sau: NaCl, BaCl2, Ca(OH)2, NH4NO3, HCl. Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay nhan biet cac dung dch tren. Cau 12. Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay nhan biet 4 kim loai eu co mau trang : Al, Ag, Fe, Mg. Cau 13. Lam the nao e nhan biet cac dung dch sau: Na2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, NaNO3? Cau 14. Ch co nc va HCl co the nhan biet c 4 chat bot trang sau ay khong: NaCl, Na2CO3, BaCO3, BaSO4. Cau 15: Trnh bay phng phap phan biet 5 dung dch: HCl, NaOH, Na 2SO4, NaCl, NaNO3. Cau 16: Phan biet 4 chat long: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H2O. Cau 17: Co 4 ong nghiem, moi ong cha 1 dung dch muoi (khong trung kim loai cung nh goc axit) la: clorua, sunfat, nitrat, cacbonat cua cac kim loai Ba, Mg, K, Pb. a) Hoi moi ong nghiem cha dung dch cua muoi nao? b) Neu phng phap phan biet 4 ong nghiem o?. Cau 18: Phan biet 3 loai phan bon hoa hoc: phan kali (KCl), am 2 la (NH4NO3), va supephotphat kep Ca(H2PO4)2. Cau 19: Co 8 dung dch cha: NaNO 3, Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, FeSO4, CuSO4. Hay neu cac thuoc th va trnh bay cac phng an phan biet cac dung dch noi tren. Cau 20: Co 4 chat ran: KNO3, NaNO3, KCl, NaCl. Hay neu cach phan biet chung. Cau 21: Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay nhan biet cac hon hp sau: (Fe + Fe2O3), (Fe + FeO), (FeO + Fe2O3). Cau 22: Co 3 lo ng ba hon hp dang bot: (Al + Al 2O3), (Fe + Fe2O3), (FeO + Fe2O3). Dung phng phap hoa hoc e nhan biet chung. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.

Van e 2. Phan biet ch c dung 1 hoa chat ben ngoai.

Cau 1. Ch dung qu tm, hay nhan biet 3 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 3 dung dch H2SO4, NaOH va NaCl. Cau 2. Ch dung quy tm , hay nhan biet 3 ong nghiem mat nhan ng 3 dung dch H2SO4, Na2SO4 va BaCl2. Cau 3.Ch dung them mot chat th khac, hay nhan biet 4 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 4 dung dch: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, HCl va Ba(NO3)2. Cau 4. Ch c dung mot hoa chat duy nhat, hay nhan biet cac lo mat nhan cha cac chat sau: a.HCl, H2SO4 va BaCl2. b.Fe, FeO, Cu. c.Cu, CuO, Zn. d.H2SO4, HCl, Ba(NO3)2, NaCl. Cau 5. Ch c dung 1 hoa chat duy nhat phan biet cac muoi sau: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3. Cau 6: Nhan biet cac dung dch trong moi cap sau ay ch bang dung dch HCl: a) 4 dung dch: MgSO4, NaOH, BaCl2, NaCl. b) 4 chat ran: NaCl, Na2CO3, BaCO3, BaSO4. Cau 7: Nhan biet bang 1 hoa chat t chon: a) 4 dung dch: MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. b) 4 dung dch: H2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, MgSO4. Bai tap Hoa hoc 10 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch c) 4 axit: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4. Cau 8 : Ch c dung them quy tm va cac ong nghiem, hay ch ro phng phap nhan ra cac dung dch b mat nhan: NaHSO4, Na2CO3, Na2SO3, BaCl2, Na2S. Cau 9 : Cho cac hoa chat: Na, MgCl 2, FeCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Ch dung them nc hay nhan biet chung. Cau 10. Nhan biet cac dung dch sau nay ch bang quy tm. a. 6 dung dch: H2SO4, NaCl, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl. b. 5 dung dch: NaHSO4, Na2CO3, Na2SO3, BaCl2, Na2S. c. 5 dung dch: Na3PO4, Al(NO3)3 , BaCl2, Na2SO4, HCl. d. 4 dung dch Na2CO3, AgNO3, CaCl2, HCl. Cau 11. Nhan biet cac chat sau ay ch bang dung dch HCl. a. 4 dung dch MgSO4, NaOh, BaCl2, NaCl. b. 4 chat ran: NaCl, Na2CO3, BaCO3, BaSO4 c. 5 dung dch BaCl2, KBr, Zn(NO3)2, Na2CO3, AgNO3 Cau 12. Nhan biet cac chat ch bang mot chat t chon. a. 4 dung dch MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. b. 4 dung dch H2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, MgSO4. c. 4 dung dch HCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, Ba(NO3)2 d. 4 dung dch loang BaCl2, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, HNO3. e. 5 dung dch Na2CO3, Na2SO3, Na2SO4, Na2S, Na2SiO3. f. 6 dung dch KOH, FeCl3, MgSO4, FeSO4, NH4Cl, BaCl2 g. 4 axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4.

Van e 3. Phan biet chat ma khong dung thuoc th ben ngoai.

Cau 1: Co 4 ong nghiem c anh so (1), (2), (3), (4), moi ong cha mot trong 4 dung dch sau: Na2CO3, MgCl2, HCl, KHCO3. Biet rang: - Khi o ong so (1) vao ong so (3) th thay ket tua. - Khi o ong so (3) vao ong so (4) th thay co kh bay len. Hoi dung dch nao c cha trong tng ong nghiem. Cau 2: Trong 5 dung dch ky hieu A, B, C, D, E cha Na 2CO3, HCl, BaCl2, H2SO4, NaCl. Biet: - o A vao B co ket tua. - o A vao C co kh bay ra. - o B vao D co ket tua. Xac nh cac chat co cac k hieu tren va giai thch. Cau 3: Co 4 lo mat nhan A, B, C, D cha KI, HI, AgNO3, Na2CO3. + Cho chat trong lo A vao cac lo: B, C, D eu thay co ket tua. + Chat trong lo B ch tao ket tua vi 1 trong 3 chat con lai. + Chat C tao 1 ket tua va 1 kh bay ra vi 2 trong 3 chat con lai. Xac nh chat cha trong moi lo. Giai thch? Cau 4: Hay phan biet cac chat trong moi cap dung dch sau ay ma khong dung thuoc th khac: a) NaCl, H2SO4, CuSO4, BaCl2, NaOH. b) NaOH, FeCl2, HCl, NaCl. Cau 5: Khong c dung them hoa chat nao khac , hay nhan biet cac chat ng trong cac lo mat nhan sau: KOH, HCl, FeCl3, Pb(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, NH4Cl. Cau 6: Khong c dung them hoa chat nao khac , hay nhan biet 5 lo mat nhan sau: NaHSO4, Mg(HCO3)2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2CO3, KHCO3. Cau 7. Khong dung bat c thuoc th nao khac, hay nhan biet 3 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 3 dung dch: Na2CO3, HCl, va BaCl2. Cau 8. Khong dung them hoa chat khac, hay nhan biet 4 ong nghiem mat nhan cha 4 dung dch: MgCl2, BaCl2, H2SO4 va K2CO3. Bai tap Hoa hoc 11 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 9. Khong dung them hoa chat khac, hay nhan biet cac lo mat nhan: a.HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, MgCl2. b.HCl, H2SO4, Na2CO3, BaCl2. Cau 10. Co 4 lo mat nhan cha 4 dung dch sau: HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3. Hay nhan biet tng lo ma khong dung thuoc th nao khac. Cau 11. Co 5 dung dch mat nhan khong mau la : H2SO4, KOH, Al(NO3)3, Ba(NO3)2 va NH4NO3. Hay nhan biet cac chat ma khong dung thuoc th nao khac. Cau 12. Khong dung them hoa chat nao khac hay nhan biet cac chat co trong cac lo mat nhan sau: BaCl2, Na2CO3, NaOH, va (NH4)2SO4.

Van e 1. Tinh che chat.

Chu e 6. TINH CHE VA TACH CHAT VO C

Cau 1. Co hon hp kh CO2 va O2, lam the nao e thu c kh O2 tinh khiet t hon hp tren? Trnh bay cach lam, viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra. Cau 2. Co hon hp bot Cu lan Fe va Al. Lam the nao e tach Cu ra khoi hon hp. Viet PTHH. Cau 3. Tach rieng Cu ra khoi hon hp gom bot Cu, Fe va Zn. Cau 4. Tach rieng kh CO2 ra khoi hon hp gom CO2, N2, O2, H2. Cau 5. Tinh che CO2 t hon hp CO2, N2, CO, O2. Cau 6. Kh H2 b lan kh CO2 va NH3. Lam the nao e thu c kh H2 tinh khiet. Cau 7. lam the nao e tinh che kh oxi t hon hp kh O2, CO va SO2? Cau 8. Lam the nao e co NaCl tinh khiet t hon hp chat ran sau: a.NaCl va AgCl b.NaCl va Na2CO3 c.NaCl , Na2CO3 va Na2SO4. Cau 9: Tinh che: a) O2 co lan Cl2 , CO2 b) Cl2 co lan O2, CO2, SO2 c) AlCl3 lan FeCl3 va CuCl2 d) CO2 co lan kh HCl va hi nc Cau 10: Mot loai muoi an co lan cac tap chat: Na 2SO4, MgCl2, CaCl2, CaSO4. Hay trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e lay NaCl tinh khiet. Viet PTP.

Van e 2. Tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp.

Cau 1. Co mot hon hp gom 3 kim loai Fe, Cu, Au. Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay tach rieng tng kim loai ra khoi hon hp. Cau 2. Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay tach rieng tng kh ra khoi hon hp gom: CO2, N2. Cau 3. Tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp gom: a.Fe2O3 , CuO. b.N2, CO2, hi nc. Cau 4. lam the nao nhan biet tng kh CO2, SO2, H2 co trong hon hp bang phng phap hoa hoc. Cau 5. Tach rieng cac chat ra khoi hon hp chat ran gom: MgCl2, BaCl2 va NaCl. Cau 6: Tach rieng dung dch tng chat sau ra khoi hon hp dung dch AlCl 3, FeCl3, BaCl2. Cau 7: Neu phng phap tach hon hp gom 3 kh: Cl 2, H2 va CO2 thanh cac chat nguyen chat. Cau 8 Neu phng phap tach hon hp a voi, voi song, silic ioxit va sat (II) clorua thanh tng chat nguyen chat. Bai tap Hoa hoc 12 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 9: Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e lay tng oxit t hon hp : SiO 2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 va CuO. Cau 10: Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e lay tng kim loai Cu va Fe t hon hp cac oxit SiO2, Al2O3, CuO va FeO. Cau 11: Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay tach tng kim loai Al, Fe, Cu ra khoi hon hp 3 kim loai.

CAC DANG TOAN HOA HOC THNG GAP

DANG 1. Van dung cac cong thc trong viec tnh toan.
Cach lam: Van dung thanh thao cac cong thc lien quan en : n , m , V, M , dA/B , dA/kk T cong thc: n = m : M m=n.M M=m:n V= n .22,4 n = V : 22,4 (oi vi chat kh ktc) Bai tap: Cau 1.1mol nguyen t bao gom bao nhieu nguyen t? 1mol phan t gom bao nhieu phan t? 1mol nc gom bao nhieu phan t nc co khoi lng bao nhieu gam? Cau 2. Hay tnh: -Trong 40 g natri hidroxit (NaOH) co bao nhieu phan t NaOH -Tnh khoi lng cua 12,04.1023 nguyen t nhom(Al) -Trong 28 g sat (Fe) co bao nhieu nguyen t Fe. Cau 3. a.2,5 mol H la bao nhieu nguyen t H. b.9,03.1023 nguyen t canxi la bao nhieu gam canxi Ca. c.0,3 mol nc la bao nhieu phan t nc H2O. d.4,515.1023 phan t H2O la bao nhieu mol H2O. Cau 4. Tnh khoi lng cua 0,5 mol sat Fe. Cau 5 a.Trong 112 g canxi co bao nhieu mol Ca. b. Tnh khoi lng cua 0,5 mol axit clohidric HCl. c. Trong 49 g axit sunfuric co bao nhieu mol H2SO4. Cau 6. Tnh the tch kh (ktc) cua: a.0,5 mol kh O2. b.0,75 mol kh CO2 c.32 g kh SO2. Cau 7.Hay cho biet 16 g kh oxi O2: a.Co bao nhieu mol kh oxi b.Co bao nhieu phan t kh oxi c.Co the tch la bao nhieu Cau 8.Mot hon hp kh A gom 0,2 mol kh SO2, 0,5 mol kh CO, 0,35 mol kh N2. a. Tnh the tch cua hon hp kh A. b. Tnh khoi lng cua hon hp kh A. Cau 9.Tnh the tch cua hon hp gom 14 g nit va 4 g kh NO. Cau 10.Tnh so mol nc H2O co trong 0,8 lit nc biet D = 1g/cm3. Cau 11.Tnh so mol, so phan t natri hidroxit NaOH co trong 0,05 lit NaOH biet D = 1,2 g/cm3. Cau 12.Tnh the tch cua : a.14 g kh nit (N2) b.Hon hp gom 2 g kh hidro (H2) va 34 g kh amoniac(NH3). Cau 13.Tnh the tch va khoi lng cua a.5 mol nhom, biet D=2,7 g/cm3. b.1,3 mol kh oxi ( ktc). Cau 14.a.Tnh khoi lng cua hon hp gom 5,6 lit kh clo va 11,2 lit kh oxi. Bai tap Hoa hoc 13 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.Phan t ng gom 12 nguyen t C, 22 nguyen t H va 11 nguyen t O. Tnh khoi lng mol phan t va thanh phan % cac nguyen to cua ng. Cau 15.Tnh so phan t, khoi lng va the tch cua cac lng chat cho di ay: a).0,2 mol kh O2 b) 2 mol Fe, biet D = 7,8 g/cm3. c).0,5 mol kh hidroclorua HCl. d) 0,2 mol ru etylic (C2H6O) biet D = 0,8 g/cm3. DANG 2. TNH TOAN THEO CONG THC HOA HOC Tnh % cac nguyen to trong cong thc hoa hoc. AxBy -Ap dung cac cong thc sau e tnh % cac nguyen to co trong cong thc tren la: mA x.MA y.MB %A = . 100% = . 100% %B = . 100% MAxBy MAxBy MAxBy Bai tap Cau 1. Tnh thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua Al co trong cong thc Al2O3 Cau 2. Tnh thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua moi nguyen to co trong cong thc CaCO3. Cau 3. Tnh thanh phan % ve khoi lng moi nguyen to co trong cong thc H2SO4 Cau 4. Tnh thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua cac nguyen to co trong cong thc NaOH. Cau 5. Tnh % cac nguyen to trong cac hp chat cho sau ay: a. Sat trong sat(II)sunfua FeS b. Sat trong sat pirt FeS2 c. Oxi trong nc H2O d. Oxi, cacbon va natri trong xo a (Na2CO3) Tnh khoi lng cua moi nguyen to co trong mot lng chat a cho: Cho a gam chat AxBy . tm khoi lng moi nguyen to co trong a gam hp chat. a.x.MA a.y.MB Khoi lng cua A la : ; Khoi lng cua B la : MAxBy MAxBy Cau 1. Tnh khoi lng cua nguyen to Fe co trong 15,2 g chat FeSO4 (sat II sunfat). Cau 2. Tnh khoi lng moi nguyen to co trong 10 gam CaCO3 Cau 3. Tnh khoi lng moi nguyen to co trong 16 g CuSO4. Cau 4. a. Co bao nhieu g Fe trong 30 g FeS? b. Co bao nhieu g Fe trong 40 g Fe2O3? Cau 5. Co bao nhieu gam oxi trong: a.63 g axit nitric HNO3 b.27 g H2O c.2170 g thuy ngan oxit HgO Cau 6. Co bao nhieu g Na co trong : 60 g NaOH? 26,5 g natri cacbonat Na2CO3. Cau 7. Tnh lng voi song CaO ma trong o co cha: a. 0,4 g canxi Ca b. 20 kg canxi Ca Cau 8. Co bao nhieu gam oxi trong: a.63g axit nitric HNO3 b.27g nc H2O c.2170g thuy ngan oxit HgO Cau 9. Ngi ta dung 25kg muoi CuSO4.5H2O e bon ruong, lng Cu c a vao at la bao nhieu ?(biet phan bon cha 5% tap chat) Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc cua hp chat. Bai tap Hoa hoc 14 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 1. Phan tch mot hp chat vo c A ngi ta nhan c% ve khoi lng cua K la 45,95%; %N la 16,45% va % ve khoi lng O la 37,6%. Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc cua A. Cau 2. Phan tch mot hp chat hu c A ch cha Na, S, O nhan thay % ve khoi lng cua Na, S, O lan lt la 20,72%, 28,82% va 50,46%. Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua A. Cau 3. Mot hp chat co cha 15,8% Al, 28,1% S, 56,1% O ve khoi lng. Tm cong thc cua hp chat tren. Cau 4. Mot hp chat co cha 46,94% Na, 24,49% C va 28,57% N ve khoi lng. Tm cong thc hp chat . Cau 5. Mot oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II co cha 40%O. Tm cong thc oxit tren. Cau 6. Mot muoi clorua co cha 60,68% Cl. Tm cong thc muoi tren. Cau 7. Oxit cua mot nguyen to hoa tr II cha 20% oxi ve khoi lng. Nguyen to o la g? Cau 8.a) Hp chat X cha 70% sat va 30% oxi, lap cong thc hoa hoc cua X. b)Hp chat Y gom 2 nguyen to C va O ; trong o C chiem 22,27% ve khoi lng, lap cong thc hoa hoc cua Y, biet phan t khoi cua Y bang 44 vC. Cau 9. Xac nh cong thc cua hp chat co thanh phan gom Na, Al va O vi ty le % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to tng ng la 28%, 33%, 39%. Cau 10. Phan tch thanh phan nh lng cua mot muoi vo c M thay co: 27,38% Na, 1,19% H, 14,29% C, 57,14% O. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua M. Cau 11. Tm cong thc phan t cua muoi X co phan tram ve khoi lng nh sau: 46,94% Na, 24,49% C, 28,57% N. DANG 3 . TNH THEO PHNG TRNH HOA HOC N GIAN Cac cong thc can nh: n = m : M n = V : 22,4 m=V.D dA/B = MA : MB CM = n : V mct C% = .100% Bai tap van dung: mdd Cau 1. Viet phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc gia dung dch axit clohidric tac dung vi Zn. Biet rang sau phan ng thu c 0,3 mol kh H2. Hay tnh : a. mZn a phan ng? b. mHCl a phan ng? c. mZnCl2 tao thanh? Cau 2. Da vao phng trnh nhiet phan: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 a. Tnh khoi lng CaO tao thanh khi nung 100 kg CaCO3 b. Neu thu c 112 kg CaO va 88 kg CO2 th khoi lng a voi CaCO3 la bao nhieu? Cau 3. Tnh lng axit sunfuric ieu che c khi cho 8g anhidrit sunfuric(SO 3) vao nc. Biet rang PTHH nh sau: SO3 + H2O H2SO4 Cau 4. Hay xac nh so gam oxi can dung e ot chay het : a. 96 g cac bon (C) b. 96 g lu huynh ( S) c.1 mol C d. 1 mol S. Cau 5. Phan ng phan huy muoi kali clorat e ieu che oxi. Tnh xem co bao nhieu gam oxi c tao thanh khi phan huy 24,5 g muoi tren.PTHH: 2KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2 Bai tap Hoa hoc 15 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 6. Cho biet s o phan ng hoa hoc phan huy thuy ngan oxit: HgO Hg + O2 a. Tnh khoi lng kh oxi sinh ra khi co 8 mol HgO tham gia phan ng. b. Tnh khoi lng thuy ngan sinh ra khi co 434 g HgO tham gia phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng HgO b phan tch khi co 150,75 g Hg sinh ra. Cau 7 Phan ng cua ong oxit b kh bi H2 thuoc loai phan ng g? Tnh so gam CuO b kh het bi 4 g hidro. CuO + H2 Cu + H2O Cau 8. Can bao nhieu gam oxi e ot chay hoan toan: a.5 mol C thanh kh CO2? b.5 mol S thanh kh SO2? Cau 9. Can ot mot lng phot pho (P) la bao nhieu e tao thanh : a. 71 g anhidrit photphoric P2O5. b. 5.5 mol P2O5. Cau 10. Cho 1 mol voi song CaO tac dung vi nc tao thanh voi toi Ca(OH)2. khoi lng voi toi ln hn khoi lng voi song la bao nhieu gam? CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Cau 11. Tnh lng voi toi thu c t 29,4 ta voi song biet voi song cha 5% tap chat.

DANG 4 . TOAN D GIA THIET

Van e 1. Khi cho 2 lng chat tham gia:
Cau 1. Cho mot dung dch co cha 30 g NaOH tac dung vi mot dung dch co cha 30 g HNO3. Sau phan ng em th dd thu c bang quy tm. Hay cho biet mau quy tm thay oi the nao? Tnh khoi lng cac chat sau phan ng. Cau 2. Cho 50 g dd AgNO3 3,4% tac dung vi 60ml dd NaCl 0,5 M th thu c bao nhieu gam ket tua ? Neu co chat con d sau phan ng hay tnh khoi lng hay the tch dd can lay them e tac dung het vi lng chat d. Cau 3. Cho 73 g dung dch HCl 10 % phan ng vi 60 g dung dch NaOH 20%. Tnh khoi lng cac chat sau phan ng va % cac chat o.. Cau 4. Cho 6,5 gam kem vao 7,3 gam axit HCl. Tnh lng kh H2 thu c ( ktc). Cau 5. Tron 500ml dd HCl 1M vi 500 ml dd NaOH 0,8 M. Tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh sau phan ng va nong o mol/l cua cac chat sau phan ng. Cau 6.Tron 200g dd CuSO4 nong o 10% vi 200g dung dch NaOH nong o 10%. Loc hon hp cac chat sau phan ng c ket tua va nc loc. Nung ket tua en khi khoi lng khong oi. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh khoi lng chat ran sau khi nung. c.Tnh nong o% cac chat trong nc loc. Cau 7. Co 200ml dung dch hon hp AgNO3 0,1M va Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Them 2,24g bot sat kim loai vao dung dch o. Khuay eu en khi phan ng hoan toan thu c chat ran A va dung dch B. a.Tnh so gam chat ran A. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua cac muoi trong dung dch B, biet the tch dung dch coi nh khong oi. Cau 8.un nong mot hon hp gom 2,97g Al va 4,08 g S trong moi trng kn, khong co khong kh en phan ng hoan toan c san pham la hon hp ran A. Ngam A trong dd HCl d, thu c hon hp kh B. a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. b.Xac nh cac chat va khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp A. c.Xac nh cac chat va the tch cac chat trong hon hp kh B. Cau 9.Tron 400g dung dch BaCl2 5,2% vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 20% (d =1,14g/ml).Xac nh khoi lng ket tua tao thanh va nong o % cac chat trong dung dch thu c. Bai tap Hoa hoc 16 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 10.Hoa tan 2,4g Mg vao 200 g dung dch HCl 10%. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng. b.Tnh nong o % cac muoi thu c sau phan ng. Cau 11. Cho 10 g hon hp Cu va CuO tac dung vi 200ml dd H2SO4 2M. Sau khi phan ng ket thuc, loc , tach rieng phan khong tan, can nang 6g. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng. b.Tnh % theo khoi lng cua moi chat trong hon hp au. c.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat sau phan ng (coi the tch thay oi khong ang ke) Cau 12.Cho 100ml dd CaCl2 0,2M tac dung vi 100ml dd AgNO3 0,1M. a.Neu hien tng quan sat c va phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh khoi lng chat ran sinh ra. c.Tnh nong o mol/l cua chat con d sau phan ng. Coi the tch dung dch bang tong the tch hai dung dch ban au. Cau 13. Tron 60 ml dung dch co cha 41,6 g BaCl2 vi 140 ml dd co cha 17 g AgNO3. a.Hay cho biet hien tng quan sat c, viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh khoi lng chat ran sinh ra. c.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat con lai trong dung dch sau phan ng . Gia s the tch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke. Cau 14. Ngam mot la kem trong 30g dung dch muoi ong(II) clorua nong o 13,5% cho en khi phan ng ket thuc th lay la kem ra khoi dung dch. Tnh khoi lng kem a phan ng vi dung dch tren va nong o % cua dung dch sau phan ng. Cau 15. Cho 240g dd BaCl2 nong o 1M, co khoi lng rieng 1,2g/ml tac dung vi 400g dung dch Na2SO4 14,2%. Sau khi phan ng xong thu c dung dch A. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh nong o % cac chat co trong dung dch A? Cau 16. Cho 11,2 g sat vao 100ml dung dch CuSO4 nong o 32% co khoi lng rieng la 1,12 g/ml. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Xac nh nong o mol cua cac chat trong dung dch thu c khi phan ng ket thuc. Gia thiet rang the tch cua dung dch sau phan ng thay oi khong ang ke. Cau 17. 50ml Na2CO3 0,2 M tac dung vi 100ml CaCl2 0,15 M thu c lng ket tua bang khi cho 50ml Na2CO3 0,2 M tac dung vi 100ml BaCl2 aM. Tm a? Cau 18. Tron lan mot dung dch cha 5 gam AgNO3 vi mot lng dung dch cha 5 gam NaCl. Loc bo ket tua sau phan ng thu c dd A. Hoi dd A cha nhng muoi nao? Khoi lng moi muoi la bao nhieu? Cau 19: un nong 16,8 gam bot sat va 6,4 gam bot lu huynh (khong co khong kh) thu c chat ran A. Hoa tan A bang HCl d thoat ra kh B. Cho kh B i cham qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 tach ra ket tua D mau en. Cac phan ng eu xay ra 100%. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng e cho biet A, B, D la g? b) Tnh the tch kh B (ktc) va khoi lng ket tua D. c) Can bao nhieu the tch O2 (ktc) e ot hoan toan kh B. Cau 20: un nong hon hp Fe, S (khong co khong kh) thu c chat ran A. Hoa tan A bang axit HCl d thoat ra 6,72 dm 3 kh D (ktc) va con nhan c dung dch B cung chat ran E. Cho kh D i cham qua dung dch CuSO 4 tach ra 19,2 gam ket tua en. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng. b) Tnh lng rieng phan Fe, S ban au biet lng E bang 3,2 gam. Cau 21: Dan 4,48 dm3 CO ( ktc) i qua m gam CuO nung nong nhan c chat ran X va kh Y. Suc kh Y vao dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d tach ra 20 gam ket tua Bai tap Hoa hoc 17 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch trang. Hoa tan chat ran X bang 200ml dung dch HCl 2M th sau phan ng phai trung hoa dung dch thu c bang 50 gam Ca(OH)2 7,4%. Viet PTP va tnh m. Cau 22: 6,8 gam hon hp Fe va CuO tan trong 100 ml axit HCl dung dch A + thoat ra 224 ml kh B (ktc) va loc c chat ran D nang 2,4 gam. Them tiep HCl d vao hon hp A + D th D tan 1 phan, sau o them tiep NaOH en d va loc ket tua tach ra nung nong trong khong kh en lng khong oi can nang 6,4 gam. Tnh thanh phan khoi lng Fe va CuO trong hon hp au. Cau 23: Tron 100 ml dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 1,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 2M thu c ket tua A va dung dch B. Nung ket tua A trong khong kh en lng khong oi thu c chat ran D. Them BaCl 2 d vao dung dch B th tach ra ket tua E. a) Viet phong trnh phan ng. Tnh D va E. b) Tnh nong o mol chat tan trong dung dch B (coi the tch thay oi khong ang ke khi xay ra phan ng). Cau 24: Cho13,6 gam hon hp gom Mg va Fe c hoa tan trong 100 ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau phan ng nhan c dung dch A va 18,4 gam chat ran B gom 2 kim loai. Them NaOH d vao A roi loc ket tua tach ra nung nong trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi nhan c chat ran D gom MgO va Fe 2O3 nang 1,2 gam. Tnh lng Fe, Mg ban au.

Van e 2. Khi phan ng co the tao 2 loai muoi ( muoi axit , muoi trung hoa)
Cau 1. Cho 1,68 lt kh lu huynh i oxit (ktc) i t t qua 1050ml dung dch nc voi trong Ca(OH)2 0,1 mol/l. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Xac nh chat thieu, chat d. c.Tnh khoi lng cac chat sau phan ng. Cau 2. Dan kh CO2 vao 800 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1 M tao ra c mot muoi tan va 2g mot muoi khong tan. a.Tnh the tch kh CO2 a dung(ktc). b.Tnh khoi lng va nong o M cua muoi tan. Cau 3. Ngi ta dung 50 g dd NaOH 40 % e hap thu hoan toan 11,2 lt kh CO2(ktc). Cho biet muoi nao c tao thanh sau phan ng , khoi lng la bao nhieu? Cau 4. Tron 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 2,5M vi 300 ml dd KOH 3M. Tnh nong o mol cua cac muoi trong dung dch thu c. Cau 5. Cho 4,48 lit kh SO2 (ktc), tac dung vi 300ml dung dch KOH nong o 1 mol/l, sau phan ng thu c dung dch A. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat tan co trong dung dch A?( the tch dung dch khong thay oi) Cau 6. Dan 112 ml kh CO2 (ktc) i qua 700 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 co nong o 0,01 mol/l. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh khoi lng cac chat sau phan ng. Cau 7. e hap thu hoan toan 0,448 lt kh SO2 (ktc) can 2,5 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,002M. a.Tnh khoi lng san pham thu c sau phan ng. b.Mot nha may nhiet ien moi ngay em thai ra kh quyen 64 tan kh SO2. Can bao nhieu m3 dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,002 M e x ly toan bo SO2 trong kh thai o? Bai tap Hoa hoc 18 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 8. Dan t t 1,12 lit kh CO2 ieu kien tieu chuan vao 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 2M. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng. b.Tnh nong o CM cua Ba(OH)2 sau phan ng, coi the tch dung dch khong thay oi. c.Co can dung dch sau phan ng, tnh khoi lng chat ran thu c. Cau 9. Cho 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc) hap thu hoan toan vao dung dch co cha 3,7g Ca(OH)2 thu c dung dch A va ket tua B. Xac nh khoi lng chat tan trong A va khoi lng ket tua B. Cau 10. Dan 1,12 lit CO2 vao 150 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. a.Tnh nong o mol/l cua cac chat trong dung dch (coi the tch dung dch khong oi). b.Cung cho dung dch NaOH noi tren tac dung vi dung dch NH4Cl d th the tch kh thoat ra ktc la bao nhieu? Cau 11. Biet 2,24 lit kh CO2(ktc) tac dung va u vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 sinh ra chat ket tua trang. a.Viet pthh. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch Ba(OH)2 a dung. c.Tnh khoi lng chat ket tua thu c. Cau 12. Biet 4,48 lit kh CO2 tac dung va u vi 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 san pham thu c xay ra 2 trng hp: a.Ba(HCO3)2 b.BaCO3 1.Viet phng trnh phan ng. 2.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch Ba(OH)2 xay ra trong moi trng hp. Cau 13. Cho 20 g a voi vao 400 g dung dch HCl 3,65%. Tnh nong o % cac chat tan trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng. Cau 14. Hap thu 5,6 lt CO2 vao 400ml dung dch KOH 1M nhan c dung dch A. Hoi trong A co nhng muoi g, khoi lng la bao nhieu?

Van e 1. Xac nh C%, CM

DANG 5. TOAN VE DUNG DCH

Cau 1. Hoa tan 30 g muoi an vao 270 g nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c. Cau 2. Cho 8 g SO3 tac dung vi nc tao thanh 500 ml dung dch. a.Viet phng trnh phan ng. b.Xac nh nong o mol/l cua dung dch thu c. c.Ngam 10 g CuO vao dung dch tren . Tnh lng chat con d sau phan ng. Cau 3. Hoa tan 6g NaOH vao 1,5 lit nc. Xac nh nong o mol/l dung dch thu c. Gia s the tch dung dch khong oi. Cau 4. Hoa tan 2,3 g Na vao 197,8 g nc . a.Tnh nong o % dung dch thu c. b.Tnh nong o mol/l dung dch thu c. Cho khoi lng rieng cua dung dch la d = 1,08g/ml Cau 5. Hoa tan hoan toan 4 g MgO bang dung dch H2SO4 19,6 % va u. Tnh nong o % dd muoi tao thanh sau phan ng. Cau 6. Hoa tan 10 g muoi an vao 190 g nc. Tnh nong o % dung dch thu c. Cau 7. Hoa tan 50 g NaOH vao 200 g nc. Tnh nong o % va nong o mol/l dd thu c. Biet ty khoi cua dd thu c la 1,2.(D) Cau 8. Hoa tan them 10 g muoi an vao 190 g dung dch muoi an 8%. Tnh nong o muoi an trong dd mi. Cau 9. Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp kh hidro clorua va hidro bromua vao nc ta thu c dung dch cha hai axit vi nong o % bang nhau. Hay tnh % theo the tch cua hon hp kh ban au. Bai tap Hoa hoc 19 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

Van e 2. Co C%, CM tnh cac ai lng khac

Cau 1. Tnh so gam muoi an co trong 140g dd NaCl 7%. Cau 2. Tnh khoi lng muoi KCl va nc can lay e pha che c 250 g dung dch KCl 6%. Cau 3. Tnh khoi lng NaOH can lay e khi hoa tan vao 170 g nc th c dd co nong o 15%. Cau 4. Cho bay hi het 500 g dung dch NaCl 6% se c bao nhieu g NaCl. Cau 5. Can phai hoa tan bao nhieu gam K2O vao bao nhieu g nc e thu c 200 g dd KOH 2,8%? Cau 6. Tnh khoi lng H3PO4 can dung e khi hoa tan vao o 71 g P2O5 th thu c dung dch H3PO4 co nong o 49%. Cau 7. Tnh lng SO3 va khoi lng dd H2SO4 20,5% can lay e pha che c 340 g dung dch H2SO4 co nong o 49%.

Van e 3. Pha che dung dch.

Pha che theo phng phap ng cheo. (them nc, hoac them dung dch) Phng phap ng cheo: C1 C2 C m1 C2 C C ta co = C2 C1 C m2 C1 C V1 d2 d V1 C2 C

= = V2 d1 d V2 C1 C Cau 1. Can phai pha bao nhieu gam dd muoi an nong o 20% vao 400 gam dd muoi an nong o 15% c dung dch muoi an co nong o 16%? Cau 2. Can them bao nhieu gam nc vao 600 gam dung dch NaOH 18% e c dd NaOH 15%. Cau 3. Can dung bao nhieu ml dung dch HCl 2M pha tron vi 500 ml dung dch 1M e c dung dch HCl co nong o 1,2 M? Cau 4. Can phai dung bao nieu ml dd H2SO4 2,5 M va bao nhieu ml dd H2SO4 1 M e khi pha tron chung vi nhau c 600 ml dd H2SO4 1,5 M? Cau 5. Can pha bao nhieu ml dung dch NaOH (co khoi lng rieng d = 1,26g/ml) vi bao nhieu ml dd NaOH (co khoi lng rieng d = 1,06 g/ml) e c 500 ml dung dch NaOH (co khoi lng rieng d = 1,16 g/ml). Cau 6. Can pha bao nhieu lit nc cat (d = 1 g/ml) vi dd H2SO4 (d = 1,84 g/ml) e c 33 lit dd H2SO4 (d = 1,28 g/ml). Cau 7. Tron lan 50 g dd NaOH 8% vi 450 g dd NaOH 20%. Tnh nong o % dd sau khi tron. Cau 8. Pha 300ml dd NaOH 1M vi 200 ml dd NaOH 1,5 M. Tnh nong o mol/l va nong o % dung dch thu c. Cho t khoi cua dd nay la 1,05. Cau 9. Phai hoa tan bao nhieu ml dd NaCl 1,6M vi 20 ml dd NaOH 0,5M e c dd NaCl 0,6 M. Cau 10. Phai hoa tan them bao nhieu ml nc vi 300 ml dd HCl 2,5 M e c dd HCl 1,5 M. Cau 11. Tron 50 gam dung dch NaOH 12% vi 20 gam dung dch NaOH 40% thu c dung dch co khoi lng rieng D = 1,225 g/ml. Tnh nong o % va nong o mol/l cua dd thu c. Th lai vi cong thc Bai tap Hoa hoc 20 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch CM = C% . 10.D M Cau 12. Tron lan 252 gam dung dch HCl 0,5 M (D = 1,05 g/mol) vao 480 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch sau khi tron. Cau 13. Co 16 ml dd HCl nong o 1,25M(ddA). a.Can them bao nhieu ml nc vao dung dch A e c dd HCl co nong o 0,25M? b.Neu tron dd A vi 80ml dd HCl nong o xM th cung c dung dch co nong o 0,25M. Tnh x? Cau 14. Co V1 lit dd cha 7,3 gam HCl (dd A) va V2 lit dung dch cha 58,4 gam HCl (dd B). Tron dd A vi dd B ta c dd mi (dd C). The tch dd C bang V1 + V2 = 3 lit. a.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dd. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch A, B biet hieu so nong o CM(B) - CM(A) = 0,6 mol/l. Cau 15. Hoa tan 11,5 g Na vao 189 ml nc. Tnh nong o %, nong o mol/l va khoi lng rieng cua dung cua dd NaOH ban au (the tch khong thay oi khi tron). Cau 16. Pha them 500 ml nc vao dd cha 48 g NaOH th nong o M cua dd giam i 2 lan. Tnh nong o M dch thu c, biet Dnc = 1g/ml( lng bay hi khong ang ke). Cau 17.Tron lan 3 dung dch H3PO4 6% (d=1,03g/ml), H3PO4 4% (d =1,02 g/ml), H3PO4 2%(d = 1,01g/ml), theo ty le the tch 1:3:2. Xac nh nong o mol/l cua dung dch thu c. Cau 18. Them 150 g nc vao 350 g dung dch NaOH 20%. Tnh nong o % cua NaOH trong dung dch mi. Pha che khong s dung phng phap ng cheo.(them chat tan) Cau 1. Can hoa tan them bao nhieu gam muoi an vao 800 gam dung dch muoi an 10% e c dd muoi an co nong o 20%. Cau 2. Can bao nhieu gam muoi an hoa tan vao 123 gam nc e c dung dch muoi an co nong o 18%. KCl nong o 20%. Cau 3. Can lay bao nhieu gam KCl tinh khiet va bao nhieu gam dd KCl 4% e pha che thanh 480 gam dd Cau 4. Lam bay hi 800 ml dung dch NaOH 0,6 M e ch con 50 gam dung dch. Tnh nong o % cua dung dch mi. Cau 5.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch KOH 10 % co khoi lng rieng D= 1,082 g/ml. Cau 6. Hoa tan V(l) kh HCl (ktc) vao 192,7 ml (Dnc = 1g/ml) nc th thu c dd axit HCl 3,65%. a.Tnh V? b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch. Suy ra khoi lng rieng cua dung dch(cho rang s hoa tan khong lam thay oi the tch chat long).

Van e 4. Tnh theo phng trnh khi co nong o

Cau 1. Trung hoa 100ml dung dch KOH can 15 ml dung dch HNO3 co nong o 60%, khoi lng rieng la 1,4 g/ml. a.Neu trung hoa lng dd KOH tren can bao nhieu gam dung dch H2SO4 co nong o 49%. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch KOH ban au. Bai tap Hoa hoc 21 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 2. A,B la cac dung dch HCl co nong o khac nhau. Lay V lit dd A cho tac dung vi AgNO3 d c 35,875 g ket tua. e trung hoa V1 lit dd B can 500ml dd NaOH 0,3 M. a.Tnh so mol HCl co trong V lit dd trong A va V1 dd B. b.Tron V lit dd A vi V1 lit dd B c 2 lit dd C. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch C. Cau 3. Cho 100g dd H2SO4 19,6% vao 400 g dung dch BaCl2 13%. a.Tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c. b.Tnh nong o % cua cac chat trong dd khi tach bo ket tua. Cau 4. Tron 400 g dd HCl(dd A) vi 100g dd HNO3(ddB) thu c dung dch C. e trung hoa het 100 g dd C can ung 500ml dd NaOH 0,2 M. co can dung dch sau phan ng th c 6,38 g muoi khan. Xac nh nong o % cua cac dung dch A va B. Cau 5. Hoa tan 8,96 lit kh HCl(ktc) vao 185,4 g nc c dd A. Lay 50 g dung dch A cho tac dung vi 85 g dd AgNO3 16% th thu c dd B va mot chat ket tua. a.Tnh khoi lng ket tua tao thanh. b.Tnh nong o % cac chat co trong dd B. Cau 6.Hoa tan 9,2 g kim loai Na vao 41,2 ml nc th thu c dd A. Tnh the tch dd H2SO4 40%(D=1,307 g/ml) can dung e trung hoa het 40 g dung dch A. Cau 7. trung hoa het 200 g dd H2SO4 9,8% dung het 500ml dd NaOH 0,3 M cung vi 100 g dd KOH th va u. Tnh nong o % cua dung dch KOH a dung. Cau 8. em hoa tan lng bot CuO vao 400 g dung dch HCl th va u. Sau phan ng ngi ta thu c mot dd muoi co nong o 12,5 %. Xac nh nong o % cua dd HCl a dung. Cau 9. Tnh nong o M cua dd H2SO4 va dung dch KOH biet rang: -Trung hoa het 30 ml dung dch H2SO4 can ung 40 ml dd KOH. -Neu lay 60 ml dd KOH em trung hoa bi 50 ml dd HCl 1 M th phai dung tiep 20 ml dd H2SO4 tren e trung hoa lng KOH d. Cau 10. Cho 315 g dung dch HNO3 tac dung va u vi dd K2CO3 17,25%. Sau phan ng ngi ta thu c mot dung dch muoi co nong o 10%. Xac nh nong o % cua dd HNO3 a dung. Cau 11. Dung dch A cha NaOH va Ba(OH)2. em trung hoa 200 g dd A th can ung 450 ml dd HCl 2M. Neu lay 50 g dung dch A trung hoa vi 150 g dung dch H2SO4 va u th sau phan ng thu c 11,65 g ket tua. a.Tnh nong o % cua NaOH va Ba(OH)2 trong dd A. b.Tnh nong o % cua dd H2SO4 a dung. Cau 12. e trung hoa 250 g mot dung dch NaOH phai dung 150 g dd HCl 14,6 %. Tnh nong o % dung dch NaOH tren. Cau 13. Cho 400 ml dung dch HCl nong o 0,5 mol/l tac dung vi 50 g dung dch NaOH nong o 40% sau phan ng thu c dung dch A. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat co trong dung dch A, gia thiet the tch dung dch A la 600 ml? Cau 14. Cho 3,1 gam natri oxit tac dung vi nc, thu c 1 lit dung dch A. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Dung dch A la axit hay bazo? Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch A. c.Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4 9,6% , co khoi lng rieng 1,14 g/ml can dung e trung hoa dung dch A. Cau 15. Tnh the tch dd HCl nong o 3,65% co khoi lng rieng 1,05 g/ml can dung e trung hoa het 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 nong o 17,1% co khoi lng rieng 1,2 g/ml. Cau 16. Hoa tan hoan toan 6,2 g Na2O vao nc c 500ml dung dch A. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc va tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch A. Bai tap Hoa hoc 22 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.Tnh the tch dung dch HCl can dung e trung hoa 100ml dung dch A. c.Lay 100ml dung dch A cho tac dung vi 100ml dd muoi nhom sunfat (Al 2(SO4)3) th khong xuat hien ket tua . Tnh nong o CM ln nhat co the cua muoi nhom sunfat trong dung dch a cho. Cau 17. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch HCl va dd NaOH biet: -Khi hoa tan het 5g CaCO3 trong 40 ml dd HCl th phai dung het 20 ml NaOH trung hoa lng d. -e trung hoa het 150 ml dd NaOH th can ung 50 ml dd HCl. Cau 18. Tron dung dch A cha KOH vao dung dch B cha Ba(OH)2 theo t le the tch 1 : 1 c dung dch C. e trung hoa het 400ml dd C can ung 140 ml dd H2SO4 2M, sau phan ng thu c 37,28 g ket tua. Tnh nong o mol/l cua cac dd A va B. Cau 19. Cho 365 g dung dch HCl (dd A) tac dung va u vi 307 g dd Na2CO3 (dd B). Sau phan ng thu c dung dch muoi co nong o 9%. Xac nh nong o % dung dch A va B. Cau 20. Dung dch A cha HCl va HNO3. -e trung hoa het 40 ml dd A can dung 300 ml dd NaOH 0,2 M. -Lay 40 ml dd A cho tac dung vi AgNO3 d th thu c 5,74 g ket tua. Hay xac nh nong o M cua HCl va HNO3 trong dung dch A. Cau 21. Hoa tan 44,8 lit kh NH3 ( ktc) vao 466g nc tao thanh dung dch amoniac. Tnh nong o % va nong o mol/l cua dung dch(the tch dd khong oi; Dnc = 1 g/ml) Cau 22. Cho 188g K2O vao 1 lit dd KOH 10% (D =1,082 g/ml) th c dd A. Tnh nong o % cua dd A. Cau 23. e trung hoa het 300 ml mot dung dch NaOH phai dung 500 ml dung dch HCl 1,2 M. a.Xac nh nong o mol/l cua dung dch NaOH. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch thu c sau phan ng(the tch dung dch xem nh khong oi). Cau 24.Ngam bot sat d trong 500ml dung dch ong sunfat 1M, sau khi phan ng ket thuc, loc c chat ran A va dung dch B. a.Cho A tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 loang, d thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Tnh khoi lng chat ran con lai sau phan ng va khoi lng bot sat ban au a dung. b.Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH 1M va u e ket tua hoan toan dung dch B. Cau 25. Hoa tan 8,1 g nhom bang dung dch H2SO4 loang, va u, nong o 12,25%. a.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 can dung. b.Tnh nong o % dung dch muoi sau phan ng. Cau 26. e trung hoa 300g dung dch H2SO4 cha ro nong o phai dung 150 g dung dch NaOH 20%. Xac nh nong o % dd H2SO4 tren. Hoa tan hoan toan mot lng hon hp gom MgCO3 va CaCO3 phai dung 200g dung dch H2SO4 tren. Tnh the tch CO2(ktc) thoat ra sau phan ng. Cau 27: Tnh khoi lng AgNO3 b tach ra khoi 75 gam dung dch bao hoa AgNO3 50oC, khi dung dch c ha nhiet o en 20 oC. Biet SAgNO 200 C = 222 g ;
3

SAgNO

( 50 C)
0

= 455 g .

Cau 28: Co 2 dung dchHCl nong o 0,5M va 3M. Tnh the tch dung dch can phai lay e pha c 100ml dung dch HCl nong o 2,5M. Cau 29: Khi hoa tan m (g) muoi FeSO4.7H2O vao 168,1 (g) nc, thu c dung dch FeSO4 co nong o 2,6%. Tnh m? Cau 30: Lay 12,42 (g) Na2CO3.10H2O c hoa tan trong 50,1ml nc cat (D = 1g/ml). Tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch thu c. Cau 31: Lay 8,4 (g) MgCO3 hoa tan vao 146 (g) dung dch HCl th va u. Bai tap Hoa hoc 23 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch a) Viet phng trnh phan ng. b) Tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch HCl au? c) Tnh nong o phan tram cac chat trong dung dch sau phan ng? Cau 32: Hoa tan 10 (g) CaCO3 vao 114,1 (g) dung dch HCl 8%. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng. b) Tnh nong o phan tram cac chat thu c sau phan ng? Cau 33: Hoa tan hoa toan 16,25g mot kim loai hoa tr (II) bang dung dch HCl 18,25% (D = 1,2g/ml), thu c dung dch muoi va 5,6l kh hiro (ktc). a) Xac nh kim loai? b) Xac nh khoi lng ddHCl 18,25% a dung? Tnh CM cua dung dch HCl tren? c) Tm nong o phan tram cua dung dch muoi sau phan ng? Cau 34: Cho a (g) Fe tac dung va u 150ml dung dch HCl (D = 1,2 g/ml) thu c dung dch va 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Cho toan bo lng dung dch tren tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c b (g) ket tua. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. b) Tm gia tr a, b? c) Tnh nong o phan tram va nong o mol/l dung dch HCl? Cau 35: Mot hon hp gom Na2SO4 va K2SO4 tron theo t le 1 : 2 ve so mol. Hoa tan hon hp vao 102 (g) nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho 1664 (g) dung dch BaCl2 10% vao dung dch A, xuat hien ket tua. Loc bo ket tua, them H 2SO4 d vao nc loc thay tao ra 46,6 (g) ket tua. Xac nh nong o phan tram cua Na 2SO4 va K2SO4 trong dung dch A ban au? Cau 36: Cho 39,09 (g) hon hp X gom 3 muoi: K 2CO3, KCl, KHCO3 tac dung vi Vml dung dch HCl d 10,52% (D = 1,05g/ml), thu c dung dch Y va 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Chia Y thanh 2 phan bang nhau. - Phan 1: e trung hoa dung dch can 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M. - Phan 2: Cho tac dung vi AgNO3 d thu c 51,66 (g) ket tua. a) Tnh khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp ban au? b) Tm Vml? Cau 37: Cho 46,1 (g) hon hp Mg, Fe, Zn phan ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 17,92 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh thanh phan phan tram ve khoi lng cac kim loai trong hon hp. Biet rang the tch kh H2 do sat tao ra gap oi the tch H2 do Mg tao ra. Cau 38: e hoa tan hoan toan 4 (g) hon hp gom mot kim loai hoa tr (II) va mot kim loai hoa tr (III) phai dung 170ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) Co can dung dch sau phan ng se thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan. b) Tnh the tch kh H2 ( ktc) thu c sau phan ng. c) Neu biet kim loai hoa tr (III) tren la Al va no co so mol gap 5 lan so mol kim loai hoa tr (II). Hay xac nh ten kim loai hoa tr (II). Cau 39: Co mot oxit sat cha cong thc. Chia lng oxit nay lam 2 phan bang nhau. a) e hoa tan het phan 1 phai dung 150ml dung dch HCl 3M. b) Cho mot luong kh CO d i qua phan 2 nung nong, phan ng xong thu c 8,4 (g) sat. Tm cong thc oxit sat tren. Cau 40: A la mot hon hp bot gom Ba, Mg, Al. - Lay m gam A cho vao nc ti khi het phan ng thay thoat ra 6,94 lt H2 (ktc). Bai tap Hoa hoc 24 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch - Lay m gam A cho vao dung dch xut d ti het phan ng thay thoat ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). - Lay m gam A hoa tan bang mot lng va u dung dch axit HCl c mot dung dch va 9,184 lt H2 (ktc). Hay tnh m va % khoi lng cac kim loai trong A. Cau 41: X la hon hp hai kim loai Mg va Zn. Y la dung dch H 2SO4 cha ro nong o. Th nghiem 1: Cho 24,3 gam X vao 2 lt Y, sinh ra 8,96 lt kh H2. Th nghiem 2: Cho 24,3 gam X vao 3 lt Y, sinh ra 11,2 lt kh H2. (Cac the tch kh eu o ktc) a) Chng to rang trong th nghiem 1 th X cha tan het, trong th nghiem 2 th X tan het. b) Tnh nong o mol cua dung dch Y va khoi lng moi kim loai trong X. Cau 42: Tnh nong o ban au cua dung dch H2SO4 va dung dch NaOH biet rang: - Neu o 3 lt dung dch NaOH vao 2 lt dung dch H 2SO4 th sau khi phan ng dung dch co tnh kiem vi nong o 0,1 M. - Neu o 2 lt dung dch NaOH vao 3 lt dung dch H 2SO4 th sau phan ng dung dch co tnh axit vi nong o 0,2M. Cau 43: Hoa tan hoan toan a gam kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi vao b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Them 240 gam dung dch NaHCO 3 7% vao D th va u tac dung het vi lng HCl con d, thu c dung dch E trong o nong o phan tram cua NaCl va muoi clorua km loai M tng ng la 2,5% va 8,12%. Them tiep lng d dung dch NaOH vao E, sau o loc lay ket tua, roi nung en khoi lng khong oi th thu c 16 gam chat ran. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. Xac nh kim loai va nong o phan tram cua dung dch a dung. Cau 44: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mat khac hoan tan hoan toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HNO3 loang, thu c muoi nitrat cua M, H 2O va cung V lt kh NO duy nhat (ktc). a) So sanh hoa tr cua M trong muoi clorua va trong muoi nitrat. b) Hoi M la kim loai nao? biet rang khoi lng muoi nitrat tao thanh gap 1,095 lan khoi lng muoi clorua. Cau 45: Hoa tan hoan toan 14,2 gam hon hp C gom MgCO 3 va muoi cacbonat cua kim loai R vao axit HCl 7,3% va u, thu c dung dch D va 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nong o MgCl2 trong dung dch D bang 6,028%. a) Xac nh kim loai R va thanh phan phan % theo khoi lng cua moi chat trong C. b) Cho dung dch NaOH d vao dung dch D, loc lay ket tua roi nung ngoai khong kh en khi phan ng hoan toan. Tnh so gam chat ran con lai sau khi nung. Cau 46: Khi cho a gam Fe vao trong 400ml dung dch HCl, sau khi phan ng ket thuc em co can dung dch thu c 6,2 gam chat ran X. Neu cho hon hp gom a gam Fe va b gam Mg vao trong 400ml dung dch HCl th sau khi phan ng ket thuc, thu c 896ml H 2 (ktc) va co can dung dch th thu c 6,68 gam chat ran Y. Tnh a, b, nong o mol cua dung dch HCl va thanh phan khoi lng cac chat trong X, Y. (Gia s Mg khong phan ng vi nc va khi phan ng vi axit Mg phan ng trc het Mg mi en Fe. Cho biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan). Cau 47: Dung dch X la dung dch H 2SO4, dung dch Y la dung dch NaOH. Neu tron X va Y theo t le the tch la V X : VY = 3 : 2 th c dung dch A co cha X d. Trung hoa 1 lt A can 40 gam KOH 20%. Neu tron X va Y theo t le the tch Bai tap Hoa hoc 25 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch VX : VY = 2 : 3 th c dung dch B co cha Y d. Trung hoa 1 lt B can 29,2 gam dung dch HCl 25%. Tnh nong o mol cua X va Y.

Van e 1. Hon hp khi lap u phng trnh toan.

Cau 1. Cho 8 g hon hp ong va sat tac dung vi lng d axit clohidric thu c1,68 lit H2(ktc). Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp. Cau 2. Cho mot lng hon hp gom bac va nhom tac dung vi mot lng d dd axit sunfuric thu c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc). Sau phan ng thay con 4,6 g mot chat ran khong tan. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp. Cau 3. Hoa tan hoan toan 11 g hon hp gom sat va nhom bang lng axit clohidric va u thu c 8,96 lit H2(ktc). a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai a dung. b.Tnh the tch dung dch HCl 2M a dung trong th nghiem. Cau 4. Hoa tan hoan toan 8,8 g hon hp gom magie va magie oxit bang mot lng dung dch HCl 14,6%(va u). Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 28,5 g muoi khan. a.Tnh khoi lng moi chat a dung ban au. b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl can lay. c.Tnh nong o % cua muoi tao thanh trong dung dch sau phan ng. Cau 5. Hoa tan mot lng hon hp gom 19,46 g ba kim loai Mg, Al, Zn trong axit clohidric( trong o so gam Mg va so gam Al bang nhau) thu c 16,8 lit kh hidro. (ktc) a.Tnh so gam moi kim loai a dung. b.Tnh the tch dd HCl a dung, biet ngi ta a dung d 10% so vi ly thuyet. Cau 6. Hoa tan 13,3g hon hp gom NaCl va KCl vao nc c 500g dd A. Lay 50 g dung dch A phan ng vi AgNO3 d c 2,87 g ket tua. a.Tnh so gam moi muoi ban au dung. b.Tnh nong o % cac muoi trong dung dch A. Cau 7. e hoa tan hoan toan 55g hon hp gom Na2CO3 va Na2SO3 phai dung 250 gam dung dch HCl 14,6%. Biet phan ng ch tao ra muoi trung hoa. a.Tnh the tch kh thu c sau phan ng (ktc). b.Tnh nong o % cua muoi co trong dd sau phan ng. Cau 8. Can dung bao nhieu lit dung dch NaOH 0,5 M e trung hoa 250 ml dd X cha axit HCl 2M va H2SO4 1,5 M. Cau 9. e hoa tan hoan toan 3,6 g magie phai dung bao nhieu ml dung dch hon hp HCl 1M va H2SO4 0,75 M. Cau 10. Cho 10 gam hon hp Cu Na vao 100 gam nc thu c 2,24 lit H2 (ktc). Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai a dung. Cau 11. Cho 8 gam mot hon hp gom Mg va Ag tac dung vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c 1,68 lit H2(ktc). Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai a dung. Cau 12. Hoa tan hoan toan 5,5 g hon hp gom Al va Fe bang dd HCl 14,6%(d = 1,08g/ml) thu c 4,48 lit H2(ktc). a.Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai . b.Tnh the tch dung dch HCl toi thieu can dung. c.Tnh nong o % cac muoi co trong dung dch sau phan ng. Cau 13. Hoa tan 20 gam hon hp gom Al, Fe va Cu vao dung dch H2SO4 loang, d thu c 8,96 lit H2(ktc) va 9g mot chat ran khong tan. Tnh% khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp. Bai tap Hoa hoc 26 T: 0978664738

DANG 6. TOAN HON HP

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 14. Nhiet phan hoan toan 18,4 gam hon hp gom CaCO3 va MgCO3 ngi ta thu c 4,48lit CO2 (ktc). Tnh % khoi lng moi muoi co trong hon hp. Cau 15. Hoa tan hoan toan 19,5 g hon hp gom NaCl va KCl vao nc c 500 ml dung dch A. Cho 50 ml dung dch A tac dung vi lng d AgNO3 thu c 4,305 g ket tua. Tnh nong o mol/l cua cac muoi co trong dung dch A. Cau 16. e hoa tan hoan toan 4,8 gam MgO phai dung bao nhieu ml dung dch X cha ong thi HCl 1Mva H2SO4 0,5M? Cau 17. Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M tac dung vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5 M thu c dung dch A. a.Dung dch A co moi trng g? b.e trung hoa hoan toan dung dch A phai dung bao nhieu ml dung dch B cha ong thi HCl 2M va H2SO4 1,5M? Cau 18. Cho hon hp gom 11,9 gam Al va Zn tac dung va u vi V ml axit H2SO4 2M th thu c 8,96 lit kh hidro (ktc). a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc. b.Tnh khoi lng tng kim loai trong hon hp. c.Tnh V. Cau 19. Cho 10 gam hon hp Fe, Zn va Mg vao 280 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 mol/l. Dan toan bo kh thoat ra qua mot ong ng a gam CuO nung nong. Sau phan ng trong ong con lai 12,48 gam chat ran B. cho toan bo khoi lng B tren vao dung dch HCl nong o C% c dung dch D, trong o nong o phan tram cua muoi la 27%. e trung hoa D can 50 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Hay tnh a va C%. Cau 20. Dan 2,24 lit kh CO (ktc) qua mot ong s nung nong ng hon hp bot oxit kim loai gom Al2O3, CuO va Fe3O4 cho en khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Chia san pham thanh 2 phan bang nhau. - Phan th nhat c ngam k trong 400ml dd NaOH 0,2 M. e trung hoa het NaOH d phai dung het 20ml dung dch axit HCl 1M. - Phan th 2 c hoa tan vao trong dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lit kh H2 ( ktc). Xac nh % theo khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp. Cau 21. Cho 5,12 gam hon hp X gom 3 kim loai: Mg, Fe va Cu dang bot tac dung vi 150ml dung dch HCl 2mol/l, thay ch thoat ra 1,792 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). em loc ra thu c 1,92 gam chat ran B. Hoa tan het B trong dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong th thu c V lt kh SO2(ktc). a.Viet PTHH va tnh khoi lng moi kim loai co trong hon hp. b.Tnh V lt kh SO2 thoat ra. c.Cho 2,56gam hon hp X tac dung vi 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,34 M. Khuay ky hon hp e cho phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu c dd va chat ran E. Tnh khoi lng cua E. Cau 22. Hoa tan 8,9 g hon hp hai kim loai la Mg va Zn, trong o Mg chiem 26,96% ve khoi lng bang dung dch H2SO4 0,2 M. (biet cac kh o ktc) a. Tnh the tch kh H2 thu c. b. Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4 a dung. Cau 23. Hoa tan hoan toan 21,7 gam hon hp gom Mg, CuO, Al2O3 vao 125,6 gam dung dch HCl thu c 3,36 lit kh H2 (ktc) va dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thanh hai phan bang nhau. - Phan 1: cho tac dung vi dung dch NaOH 0,25M (D = 1,01 gam/ml) va u e thu c ket tua co khoi lng ln nhat va dung dch B. loc ket tua nay em nung en khoi lng khong oi thu c chat ran C.

Bai tap Hoa hoc

27

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch - Phan 2: cho tac dung vi NaOH d sao cho thu c ket tua co khoi lng nho nhat va dung dch D. loc ket tua lam kho , can nang c 14,15gam. a.Viet PTHH. b.Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. c.Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. d.Tnh khoi lng dung dch B va chat ran C. Cau 24.Mot hon hp A gom ba muoi KCl, MgCl2, BaCl2. Cho 82,05 gam hon hp A tac dung vi 600 ml dung dch AgNO3 3 M, sau phan ng thu c dung dch D va ket tua B. Loc lay ket tua B, cho 33,6 gam bot sat vao dung dch D. Sau khi phan ng ket thuc thu c chat F va dung dch E. Cho F vao dung dch HCl d, thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Cho NaOH d vao dung dch E thu c ket tua, nung ket tua trong khong kh nhiet o cao, sau o dan kh CO d i qua en khoi lng khong oi thu c 28,8g chat ran. a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc, tnh B va F? b.Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp A? Cau 25. Cho 13,1g hon hp Al2O3 va CuO c hoa tan hoan toan trong 196g dung dch axit H2SO4. nho t t dd NaOH 0,5M vao dung dch thu c en khi trung hoa het lng axit d can dung 600 ml, tiep tuc nho dd NaOH tren vao en khi co lng ket tua toi a th phai dung them 1000ml. a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh nong o % cua dung dch axit H2SO4 tren. c.Tnh thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua hon hp ban au. Cau 26. Chia mot lng hon hp gom MgCO3 va CaCO3 lam hai phan bang nhau - Phan I: nhiet phan hoan toan thu c 3,36 lit kh CO2(ktc). - Phan II: hoa tan het trong dung dch HCl roi co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 15,85g hon hp muoi khan. Tnh % theo khoi lng moi muoi cacbonat ban au. Cau 27. Hon hp A gom CaO va CaCO3. Hoa tan hoan toan mot lng A bang dd HCl va u thu c dd B va 10,08 lit CO2(ktc). Co can dd c 66,6 g muoi khan. aXac nh % khoi lng hon hp A. b.Tnh the tch dd HCl 7,3%(d = 1,1 g/ml) can dung. c.Tnh nong o % muoi tao thanh trong dung dch B. Cau 28. khi nung1,6 g hon hp gom ZnCO3 va ZnO thu c 1,248 g oxit kem. Xac nh thanh phan hon hp a dung. Cau 29. Cho 20 g hon hp nhom va bac tac dung vi mot lng d dd H2SO4 loang thay thoat ra 6,72 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp. Cau 30. Hoa tan hoan toan 14,6g hon hp gom Zn va ZnO bang dd HCl thu c 2,24 lit H2(ktc). a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b.Tnh % khoi lng moi chat ban au. Cau 31. Cho mot lng hon hp gom kem va ong tac dung vi mot lng d dd HCl thay sau phan ng thu c 2,24 lit H2(ktc) va con lai 3,5 g mot chat ran khong tan. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai a dung. Cau 32. Hoa tan het 12,8 g hon hp Mg va MgO phai dung 400ml dung dch HCl 2M. a.Tnh % khoi lng cac chat ban au. b.Cho mot lng NaOH d vao dd sau phan ng se thu c bao nhieu gam ket tua. Bai tap Hoa hoc 28 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 33. Hoa tan het 12,8 g hon hp gom Fe va FeO bang dung dch HCl roi co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 25,4 gam muoi khan. a.Tnh % khoi lng cac chat ban au. b.Tnh the tch dd HCl 2M toi thieu can dung. Cau 34. Hoa tan mot lng hon hp gom Al va Al2O3 bang dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c 3,36 lit H2(ktc) va dung dch A. Cho dung dch A bay hi ap suat thap thu c 99,9 gam muoi ngam nc Al2(SO4)3. 18H2O. Tnh khoi lng hon hp ban au dung. Cau 35. Cho 8,3 g hon hp Al va Fe tan het trong dd H2SO4 loang thu c 5,6 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh % khoi lng moi kimloai a dung. Cau 36. Cho mot lng hon hp Al va Fe tan het trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,8 lit H2(ktc) va dd A. Co can dung dch A thu c 13,025 g hon hp muoi khan. Xac nh % moi kim loai a dung. Cau 37. a.e trung hoa het 250 ml dd HCl phai dung 150 g dung dch NaOH 10%. Xac nh nong o mol/l cua dung dch HCl. b.Hoa tan hoan toan mot lng hon hp Na2CO3 va K2CO3 bang 400 ml dd HCl tren thu c 5,6 lit CO2 (ktc) va dung dch A. Trung hoa axit d trong dung dch A bang dd NaOH tren va u roi co can dung dch B sau phan ng th thu c 39,9 g hon hp muoi khan. Xac nh % khoi lng moi muoi cacbonat a dung ban au. Cau 38. Cho mot luong CO d i qua ong s cha 15,3 g hon hp gom FeO va ZnO nung nong thu c mot hon hp chat ran co khoi lng 9,68g. Biet hieu suat cua phan ng at 80%. a.Tnh % khoi lng hon hp ban au. b.e hoa tan toan bo chat ran thu c sau phan ng tren phai dung mot the tch dd HCl 2M la bao nhieu? Cau 39. Cho 10g hon hp gom Mg, Cu, Ag tac dung vi axit clohiric co d thay sau phan ng con 7 gam mot chat ran khong tan. Xac nh ham lng % Mg trong hon hp. Cau 40. a. e trung hoa 250 g mot dung dch NaOH cha ro nong o phai dung 1,25 lit dung dch HCl 1M. Xac nh nong o % dung dch NaOH tren. b.Co mot dung dch cha 23g hon hp CuCl2 va MgCl2. Cho dung dch nay tac dung vi NaOH, th e thu c lng ket tua ln nhat phai dung 80g dung dch NaOH tren. Xac nh % khoi lng moi muoi clorua a dung ban au. Cau 41. Khi cho mot hon hp gom NaCl va KCl tac dung het vi dd AgNO3 th khoi lng ket tua thu c gap oi khoi lng NaCl va KCl a tham gia phan ng. Xac nh % khoi lng cac muoi clorua a dung. Cau 42.Nung hon hp X gom FeS2 va FeCO3 trong khong kh ti phan ng hoan toan thu c san pham gom mot oxit sat duy nhat va hon hp hai kh A, B. a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b.Neu cho tng kh A va B loi t t qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 ti d th co hien tng g xay ra? Giai thch bang phng trnh phan ng. c.Cho biet mot lt hon hp kh A, B ktc nang 2,1875g. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp X. Cau 43.Cho dd hon hp A gom HCl 0,1M va H2SO4 0,1 M. Can bao nhieu ml dung dch NaOH 1M e trung hoa 100 ml dung dch A? Cau 44. Trung hoa 100ml H2SO4 2M bang dung dch A la hon hp NaOH 0,1M va KOH 0,15M. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh the tch dd A toi thieu phai dung.

Bai tap Hoa hoc

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Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

Van e 2. Hon hp khi khong u phng trnh toan.

Cau 1. Hoa tan hoan toan mot lng hon hp gom CaO va CaCO3 phai dung 100ml dung dch HCl 3M. Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c mot lng muoi khan la bao nhieu? Cau 2. Hoa tan hoan toan 9,2 g hon hp gom 1 kim loai hoa tr II va mot kim loai hoa tr III Vao dd HCl 2M thu c 5,6 lit H2(ktc). a.Neu co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan? b.Tnh the tch dd HCl toi thieu a dung. Cau 3. e hoa tan hoan toan 4 g hon hp gom mot kim loai hoa tr II va mot kim loai hoa tr III phai dung 170 ml dung dch HCl 2M. a.Co can dd sau phan ng se thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan. b.Tnh the tch H2(ktc) thoat ra t th nghiem tren. c.Neu biet kim loai hoa tr III trong hon hp tren la Al va no co so mol gap 5 lan so mol kim loai hoa tr II, Hay xac nh ten kim loai hoa tr II. Cau 4. Cho hon hp A gom Mg va Cu dang bot. Nung nong a gam hon hp o trong oxi en khoi lng khong oi thu c 1,5a gam chat ran. a.Xac nh thanh phan % theo khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b.Cho 5 gam hon hp A vao 300ml dung dch AgNO3 1 mol/l khuay ky e phan ng hoan toan. Xac nh lng chat ran thu c. Cau 5. Co mot hon hp X gom mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I va mot muoi cacbonat cua kimloai hoa tr II. Hoa tan hoan toan 18 g X bang dd HCl va u thu c dd Y va 3,36 lit CO2 (ktc). a.Co can dd Y se thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan? b.Neu biet trong hon hp X, so mol muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I gap oi so mol muoi cacbonat cua kimloai hoa tr II va nguyen t lng cua kim loai hoa tr I hn nguyen t lng cua kim loai hoa tr II la 15 vC, hay tm cong thc hai muoi tren. Cau 6. Hoa tan hoan toan 3,1g hon hp gom 2 kim loai kiem vao nc. e trung hoa dd thu c phai dung 50 ml dung dch HCl 2M, sau phan ng thu c dung dch A. a.Co can dung dch A se thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan? b.Xac nh ten hai kim loai kiem, biet so mol cua chung trong hon hp nh nhau. Cau 7. Mot hon hp gom ACO3 va BCO3 (A, B la hai kim loai eu co hoa tr II). Hoa tan het m g hon hp nay can dung 300 ml dd HCl 1M. Sau phan ng thu c V lit CO2 (ktc) va dd A. Co can dung dch A c 30,1 g muoi khan. a.Xac nh m. b.Tm V. Cau 8. A, B la 2 kim loai co cung hoa tr II. Oxi hoa hoan toan 8 g hai kim loai nay thu c hon hp hai oxit tng ng. Hoa tan het hai oxit tren can 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau phan ng thu c dung dch cha hai muoi. Cho NaOH vao dd muoi nay th thu c mot ket tua cc ai nang m gam hon hp hai hidroxit kim loai. a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b.Tnh m. Cau 9. Cho 5,6g kim loai M vao 100g dung dch HCl, phan ng xong co can dung dch trong ieu kien khong co khong kh thu c 10,925g chat ran khan. Them tiep 50g dung dch HCl tren vao chat ran khan tren. Phan ng xong co can dung dch trong ieu kien khong co khong kh thu c 12,7g chat ran. Bai tap Hoa hoc 30 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Xac nh nong o cua dung dch HCl a dung va tm kim loai M. biet rang cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Cau 10. Hon hp A gom hai kim loai Mg va Zn. Dung dch B va dung dch HCl nong o x mol/l. TN1: cho 20,2 g hon hp A vao 2 lt dung dch B th thoat ra 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). TN2: cho 20,2g hon hp A vao 3 lt dung dch B th thoat ra 11,2 lt kh H2 (ktc). Tnh x va thanh phan % khoi lng moi kim loai trong A?

Van e 3. Chng to axit d hoac hon hp d.

Cau 1. Hoa tan mot hon hp X gom Al va Fe nang 22 gam vao 400ml dung dch HCl 1,5 M. a.Chng to rang hon hp X khong tan het. b.Tm the tch dd HCl 1,5 M can dung e hoa tan het hon hp X. Biet rang ty le so mol cua Al va Fe la 2 :1. Cau 2. Cho mot hon hp X gom FeCl3 vao CuCl2 hoa tan vao nc c dd A. Chia A lam hai phan bang nhau. - Phan I cho tac dung vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M tao ra 17,22g ket tua. - Phan II cho tac dung vi 60ml dung dch NaOH va u e ket tua hai hidroxit. Ket tua em nung en khoi lng khong oi c mot chat ran nang 4 g. a.Chng to rang muoi clorua a ket tua het vi AgNO3. Tnh khoi lng moi muoi trong hon hp au. b.Tnh nong o M cua NaOH a dung. Cau 3. Hoa tan 3,84 g hon hp X gom Mg va Al vao 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,5 M. a.Chng to rang hon hp X tan het. b.Neu phan ng tren thu c 4,256 lit H2( ktc) hay tnh khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp X. c.Lng axit con tha neu dung V(hon hp dung dch NaOH 2M va Ba(OH) 2 0,1 M) e trung hoa th can the tch dung dch V la bao nhieu? Cau 4. Hoa tan 37,45g hon hp BaCl2 va CaCl2 vao nc c dung dch A. Cho toan bo dd A tac dung vi 1 lit dung dch Na2CO3 1M thay xuat hien mot lng ket tua. a.Chng to rang lng ket tua tren thu c la toi a. b.Neu cho toan bo dd A tac dung vi lng d AgNO3 th thu c 71,75g ket tua. Xac nh % khoi lng moi muoi a dung ban au. Cau 5. Hoa tan hon hp Al va Cu bang dung dch HCl cho ti khi kh ngng thoai ra thay con lai chat ran X. lay a gam chat ran X nung trong khong kh ti phan ng hoan toan thu c 1,36a gam oxit. Hoi Al co b hoa tan het hay khong? Cau 6. Cho 3,87 gam hon hp Mg, Al tac dung vi 500ml dung dch HCl 1M. a.Chng minh rang sau phan ng axit van con d. b.Tnh khoi lng cua Mg va Al trong hon hp neu sau phan ng thu c 4,368 lit kh H2( ktc). c.Tnh the tch dung dch ong thi NaOH 2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1 M can dung e trung hoa het lng axit con d. Cau 7. Hoa tan 3,87 gam mot hon hp kim loai gom Mg va Al tac dung vi 250 gam dung dch HCl 7,3% th thu c mot dung dch A va kh B. a.Chng minh rang sau phan ng axit con d. b.Neu thu c 4,368 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hay tnh khoi lng ban au cua moi kim loai a dung. c.Lng axit d tren c trung hoa ong thi bang dung dch NaOH 2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1 M th can bao nhieu ml dung dch o. Bai tap Hoa hoc 31 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 8. Hoa tan hoan toan 33g hon hp X gom Fe va Al vao 600ml dung dch HCl 1,5M. Hoi hon hp X co tan het khong? Cau 9. Cho 3,87 g hon hp A gom Al va Mg vao 250 ml dung dch X cha axit HCl 1M va H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B va 4,368 lt H2 (ktc). Hay chng minh rang trong dung dch B con axits d. Cau 10. Cho 39,6g hon hp gom KHSO3 va K2SO3 vao 400g dung dch HCl 7,3%, khi xong phan ng thu c hon hp kh (X) co t khoi so vi kh hidro bang 25,33 va mot sung dch A. a. Bang bien luan hay chng minh axit d. b. Tnh C% cac chat trong dung dch A. Cau 11. Hoa tan het 5,6g hon hp A gom 2 kim loai X (co hoa tr y) va Y (co hoa tr x) trong dung dch HCl (dung dch B) roi sau o co can dung dch thu c 19,8g muoi khan. a. Tnh the tch kh hidro sinh ra. b. Neu cho 11,2g hon hp A tac dung vi 500ml dung dch B cho 8,4 lt kh H 2 (ktc) th dung dch B co d axit HCl khong? Cau 12. Cho 31,8 gam hon hp 2 muoi MgCO3 va CaCO3 vao 0,8 lt dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch Z. a. Hoi dung dch Z co d axit khong? b. Lng CO2 co the thu c bao nhieu? c. Cho vao dung dch Z mot lng dung dch NaHCO3 d, th the tch kh CO2 thu c la 2,24 lt (ktc). Tnh khoi lng moi muoi trong hon hp X. Cau 13. Hoa tan 13,2g hon hp A gom hai kim loai co cung hoa tr vao 400ml dung dch HCl 1,5M. Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 32,7 g hon hp muoi khan. a. Chng minh hon hp A khong tan het. b. Tnh the tch kh hidro sinh ra. Cau 14. Cho 18,6 g hon hp Zn va Fe vao 500ml dung dch HCl x mol/l. Khi phan ng hoan toan, co can dung dch thu c 34,575g chat ran. lap lai th nghiem tren vi 800ml dung dch HCl roi co can thu c 39,9 g chat ran. a. Hay chng minh HCl d. b. Tnh x. Cau 15: Cho 39,6g hon hp gom KHSO3 va K2CO3 vao 400g dung dch HCl 7,3%,khi xong phan ng thu c kh (X) co t khoi so vi kh hiro bang 25,33% va mot dung dch (A). a) Hay chng minh rang axit con d. b) Tnh C% cac chat trong dung dch (A). Cau 16: Hoa tan 13,2 gam hon hp A gom 2 kim loai co cung hoa tr vao 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M. Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 32,7 gam hon hp muoi khan. a) Chng minh hon hp A khong tan het. b) Tnh the tch hiro sinh ra. Cau 17: Hon hp A gom 2 kim loai Mg va Zn. B la dung dch H 2SO4 co nong o mol la x mol/l. - Trng hp 1: Cho 24,3g (A) vao 2 lt (B) sinh ra 8,96 lt kh H2. - Trng hp 1: Cho 24,3g (A) vao 3 lt (B) sinh ra 11,2 lt kh H2. (Cac the tch kh eu o ktc). a. Hay chng minh trong trng hp 1 th hon hp kim loai cha tan het, trong trng hp 2 axit con d. b. Tnh nong o x mol/l cua dung dch (B) va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong (A)

Van e 4. Hon hp co nhieu phan ng noi tiep.

Bai tap Hoa hoc 32 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 1. Hoa tan hoan toan 12 gam hon hp Mg va MgO bang dung dch HCl. dung dch thu c cho tac dung vi mot lng NaOH d. Loc lay ket tua ra sach roi nung nhiet o cao cho en khi khoi lng khong oi thu c 14 gam chat ran. a.Tnh % khoi lng hon hp ban au a dung. b.Tnh the tch toi thieu can dung cua dung dch HCl 2 M Cau 2. Hoa tan 10g hon hp gom Mg va MgO bang axit clohidric. Dung dch thu c cho tac dung vi mot lng NaOH d. Loc lay ket tua, ra sach roi nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi thu c 14 g chat ran. a.Tnh % khoi lng hon hp ban au a dung. b.Tnh the tch dung dch HCl 2M toi thieu a dung. Cau 3. Hoa tan hoan toan 24 g hon hp Al va Mg bang mot lng dung dch HCl va u. Them mot lng NaOH d vao dung dch sau phan ng thay xuat hien mot lng ket tua. Loc ket tua ra sach roi nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi thu c 4 g mot chat ran. Xac nh% khoi lng cac kim loai trong hon hp va the tch dung dch HCl 2M can dung, biet ket tua Al(OH)3 tan c trong dung dch NaOH d theo phan ng Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O Cau 4. Kh 15,2 g hon hp Fe2O3 va FeO bang H2 nhiet o cao thu c sat kim loai. e hoa tan het lng sat nay can 0,4 mol HCl. a.Xac nh % khoi lng moi oxit. b.Tnh the tch H2(ktc) thu c tren. Cau 5. Co mot dung dch cha 2 muoi MgCl2 va CuCl2. Chia 50 g dung dch nay lam 2 phan bang nhau. - Phan I : cho phan ng vi lng d dd AgNO3 thu c 14,35 g ket tua. - Phan II : cho phan ng vi lng d dd NaOH. Loc lay ket tua, ra sach, roi nung nhiet o cao thu c 3,2 g hon hp chat ran. Xac nh nong o phan tram moi muoi trong dung dch ban au. Cau 6. Hoa tan 31,9 g hon hp BaCl2 va CaCl2 vao nc c dd A. Cho toan bo dung dch A tac dung vi 500ml dd Na2CO3 2M thay xuat hien mot lng ket tua. a.Chng to rang khoi lng ket tua thu c tren la toi a. b.Neu cho toan bo dd A tac dung vi lng d AgNO3 th thu c 57,4 g ket tua. Xac nh % khoi lng moi muoi a dung ban au. Cau 7. Hoa tan hoan toan 27,4 g hon hp M2CO3 va MHCO3 (M la kim loai kiem) bang 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M thay thoat ra 6,72 lit CO2 (ktc). e rung hoa het lng axit d phai dung 50 ml dd NaOH 2M. a.Xac nh hai muoi ban au. b.Tnh % khoi lng cac muoi tren. Cau 8. Co mot hon hp gom Fe va Fe2O3. Chia hon hp lam hai phan bang nhau. - Cho mot luong CO qua phan I nung nong c 11,2 g sat. - Ngam phan II trong dung dch HCl, phan ng xong thu c 2,24 lit H2(ktc). Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp. Cau 9. Hoa tan hoan toan m gam hp kim gom Cu, Zn trong dung dch axit H2SO4 ac nong d th thu c 0,896 lit kh SO2(ktc). a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh m va khoi lng cua tng chat trong hon hp au biet rang t le so mol cua Cu : Zn la 3 : 1. Cau 10. Hoa tan hoan toan 5,4g hon hp A gom Na va Na2O vao m gam nc thu c 200 gam dung dch B. trung hoa 80 gam dung dch B bang axit HCl roi co can dung dch tao thanh thu c 4,68 gam muoi khan. a.Tnh m gam nc. Bai tap Hoa hoc 33 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.e trung hoa 120 ml dd C co cha hon hp HCl va H2SO4 can dung va het 48 gam dung dch B, phan ng tao thanh 3,108 gam hon hp muoi. Tnh nong o mol/l cua cac axit co trong dung dch C. Cau 11. Khuay ky m gam bot kim loai M (hoa tr II) vi V ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 mol/l. phan ng xong , loc tach c 7,72gam chat ran A. Cho 1,93 gam A tac dung vi lng d axit HCl thay thoat ra 224 ml kh (ktc). Cho 5,79 gam A tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 19,44 gam chat ran. Hay tnh m, V va xac nh khoi lng mol nguyen t cua kim loai M. Biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Cau 12. Dan kh CO i qua bot CuO nung nong ngi ta thu c 33,6 lit hon hp kh co t khoi hi so vi oxi la 1,125. Cho toan bo kh nay suc qua dung dch co cha 20 gam NaOH. Dung dch thu c sau phan ng cha chat tan g? Xac nh khoi lng chat tan o. Cau 13. Hon hp gom Al, Al2O3 va Cu nang 10 gam. Neu hoa tan hoan toan hon hp bang axit HCl d giai phong 3,36 lit kh (ktc) nhan c dung dch B va chat ran A. em nung nong A trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 2,75 g. Viet phng trnh phan ng va tnh % moi chat ban au. Cau 14. Hon hp gom Al, Mg, Cu nang 10 gam c hoa tan hoan toan bang axit HCl d thoat ra 8,96 lit kh ktc va nhan c dung dch A cung chat ran B. Loc va nung B trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 2,75 gam. Tm % khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 15. Hon hp 3 kim loai Cu, Fe, Mg nang 20 gam c hoa tan het trong H2SO4 loang thoat ra kh A, nhan c dung dch B va chat ran D. Them KOH d vao dung dch B roi suc khong kh e xay ra hoan toan theo phan ng: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Loc ket tua va nung en khoi lng khong oi can nang 24 g. Chat ran D cung c nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 5 gam. Tm % khoi lng moi kim loai ban au. Cau 16. 16 gam hon hp gom Fe2O3, MgO c hoa tan het bang 300ml axit HCl. Sau phan ng can trung hoa lng axit con d bang 50 gam dung dch Ca(OH)2 14,8%, sau o em un can dung dch nhan c 46,35 gam muoi khan. Tnh % khoi lng moi oxit trong hon hp au va nong o mol cua axit HCl. Cau 17. Hon hp 3 kim loai Fe, Al, Cu nang 17,4 g. Neu hoa tan hon hp bang axit H2SO4 loang d th thoat ra 8,96 dm3 H2 (ktc). Con neu hoa tan hon hp bang H2SO4 ac nong, d th thoat ra 12,32 dm3 SO2 (ktc). Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai ban au. Cau 18. Hon hp 3 kim loai Al, Fe, Cu. Hoa tan a gam hon hp bang axit sunfuric ac nong va u th thoat ra 15,68 lit SO2 (ktc) va nhan c dung dch X. Chia oi X, - 1 na em co can c 45,1 gam muoi khan. - 1 na them NaOH d roi loc ket tua nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 12 gam. Tm a va khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 19. Hon hp 3 oxit Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3 nang 30 gam. Neu hoa tan hon hp bang H2SO4 49% can dung het 158 gam dung dch axit. Neu hoa tan hon hp bang NaOH 2M th the tch dung dch NaOH phan ng la 200 ml. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp. Cau 20. 21gam hon hp Fe, Mg, Zn hoa tan bang axit HCl d thoat ra 8,96 lt H2 ktc. Them dung dch KOH en d vao dung dch thu c roi loc tach ket tua em nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 12 gam. Tm lng tng kim loai trong hon hp au. Cau 21. 40 gam hon hp Al, Al2O3, MgO c hoa tan bang dung dch NaOH 2M th the tch NaOH phan ng la 300 ml, ong thi thoat ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Tm % khoi lng hon hp au. Bai tap Hoa hoc 34 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 22. Hon hp gom ZnO va MgO nang 0,3 gam tan trong 17 ml HCl nong o 1M. Phan ng trung hoa lng axit con d can 8 ml NaOh 0,5M. Tnh % khoi lng moi oxit. Cau 23. Hon hp X co MgO va CaO. Hon hp Y co MgO va Al2O3. Lng X bang lng Y bang 9,6 gam. So gam MgO trong X bang 1,125 lan so gam MgO trong Y. Cho X va Y eu tac dung vi 100ml HCl 19,87% (d = 1,047 g/ml) th c dung dch X va dung dch Y. Khi cho X tac dung het vi Na2CO3 th co 1,904 lt kh CO2 thoat ra ktc. a. Tm % lng X va nong o % cua dung dch X. b. Hoi Y co tan het khong? Neu cho 340 ml KOH 2M vao dung dch Y th tach ra bao nhieu gam ket tua. Cau 24. Hon hp Zn, Cu nang 4,825 gam c hoa tan hoan toan bang axit HNO3 ac lam thoat ra 3,36 lit kh NO2 ktc. Sauk hi co can dung dch nhan c m gam muoi khan. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai va tnh m. b. Tnh the tch kh thoat ra khi hoa tan hon hp bang H2SO4 loang? Bang H2SO4 ac nong? Cau 25. Hon hp gom Cu, Fe, Al nang 10,15 gam c hoa tan bang HNO3 ac thoat ra 2,24 lit kh NO2 ktc . Neu hoa tan hon hp bang dung dch HCl d th thoat ra 3,92 lit kh H2 ktc. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 26. Hon hp Na va K tac dung het vi nc cho 22,4 lt H2 ktc va dung dch B. Trung hoa dung dch B bang axit HCl 0,5 M roi co can dung dch thu c 13,3 gam muoi kho. a. Tnh VHCl a dung. b. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 27. Cho 35 gam hon hp Mg, Al, Zn tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thoat ra 17,04 lt kh H2 ktc va dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai biet VH2 thoat ra do Al gap 2 lan VH2 thoat ra do Mg. b. Them NaOH d vao dung dch A, loc ket tua tach ra em nung nong en khoi lng khong oi c chat ran B. Tnh khoi lng cua B. Cau 28. A la hon hp gom Ba, Mg, Al - Cho m gam A vao H2O en phan ng xong thoat ra 8,96 lt H2 ktc. - Cho m gam A vao NaOH d thoat ra 12,32 lt H2 ktc. - Cho m gam A vao dung dch HCl d thoat ra 13,44 lt H2 ktc. Tnh m va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong A. Cau 29. Hoa tan 1,42 gam hon hp Mg Cu, Al bang dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A va kh B + chat ran D. Cho A tac dung vi NaOH d va loc ket tua nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi thu c 0,4 gam chat ran E. ot nong D trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi thu c 0,8 gam chat ran F. Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 30. Ong cha 4,72 gam hon hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 c ot nong roi cho dong H2 i qua en d. Sau phan ng trong ong con lai 3,92 gam Fe. Neu cho 4,72 gam hon hp au vao dung dch CuSO4 lac k va e phan ng hoan toan, loc lay chat ran, lam kho can nang 4,96 gam. Tnh khoi lng tng chat trong hon hp. Cau 31. Cho 0,297 gam hp kim Na, Ba tac dung het vi H2O thu c dung dch X va kh Y. Trung hoa dung dch X can 50 ml HCl. Co can thu c 0,4745 gam muoi . Tnh VY thoat ra ktc; CM cua HCl. Tm khoi lng moi kim loai. Cau 32.Cho 1,42 gam hon hp CaCO3, MgCO3 tac dung vi HCl d. Kh bay ra hap thu hoan toan bang dung dch cha 0,0225 mol Ba(OH)2. Sau phan ng Ba(OH)2 d c tach ra khoi ket tua va co the phan ng va het vi H2SO4 tao ra Bai tap Hoa hoc 35 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch 1 lng ket tua sunfat bang 1,7475 gam. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. Cau 33. Cho 10 gam hon hp Na2SO4, Na2SO3, NaHO3 tac dung vi H2SO4 d thoat ra 1008 ml kh ktc. 2,5 gam hon hp tren tac dung va u vi 15 ml NaOH 0,5 M. Tnh % khoi lng cac muoi ban au. Cau 34. Mot dung dch A co cha AlCl3 va FeCl3. Them NaOH d vao 100ml A thu c ket tua B. Loc , nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi can nang 2 gam. Mat khac phai dung 400ml AgNO3 0,2 M e ket tua het vi 50 ml dung dch A. Tnh nong o M moi muoi trong dung dch A. Cau 35. Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp Na2CO3 va K2CO3 bang 400ml HCl 1,5 M thoat ra 5,6 lt CO2 ktc va dung dch A. Trung hoa axit con d trong A bang NaOH va u roi co can th thu c 39,9 gam hon hp muoi khan. Tnh % khoi lng moi muoi ban au. Cau 36. Cho 16 gam hon hp MgO va Fe2O3 tan het trong 0,5 lt H2SO4 1M. Sau phan ng trung hoa axit d bang 50 gam dung dch NaOH 24%. Tnh % moi oxit. Cau 37. Cho 32 gam CuO va Fe2O3 tan het trong 500ml HNO3. Sau phan ng trung hoa axit d bang 50 gam dung dch Ca(OH)2 7,4 % roi co can dung dch nhan c 88,8 gam muoi kho. Tm % khoi lng moi oxit. Tnh CM axit HNO3. Cau 38. Cho 1 lng kim loai Na va Ba tac dung het vi H2O thoat ra 4,48 lt H2 ktc va dung dch B. Trung hoa B bang HNO3 2M roi co can dung dch th nhan c 21,55g muoi khan. a. Tnh the tch HNO3 a dung. b. Tm khoi lng hp kim va % moi moi kim loai trong hp kim.

Van e 1. Tm hieu suat.

DANG 7. TOAN LIEN QUAN EN HIEU SUAT VA TAP CHAT.

Cau 1. Cho mot luong H2 d i qua 12g CuO nung nong. Chat ran sau phan ngs em hoa tan bang dd HCl d thay con 6,6g mot chat ran khong tan. Tnh hieu suat cua phan ng kh CuO thanh Cu kim loai. Cau 2. Tron 10 lit N2 vi 40 lit H2 roi un nong mot thi gian sau o da ve nhiet o va ap suat ban au thay thu c 48 lit hon hp hom N2, H2, NH3. a.Tnh the tch NH3 tao thanh. b.Tnh hieu suat tong hp NH3. Cau 3. Tnh hieu suat phan ng ieu che oxi: 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 Biet rang i t 24,5 gam KClO3 th thu c 5,376 lit O2(ktc).

Van e 2. Biet hieu suat , % tap chat tnh cac ai lng khac theo PTHH.
Cau 1. Nung 120 gam CaCO3 len en 10000C. Tnh khoi lng voi song thu c. Cho hieu suat phan ng la 80%. Cau 2. e ieu che c 1700 g kh NH3 th phai dung mot lng N2 va H2 la bao nhieu? Biet phan ng tong hp NH3: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Trong ieu kien a cho hieu suat la 25%. Cau 3. Nung 1 tan a voi(cha 90% la CaCO3) th thu c bao nhieu tan voi song . Biet hieu suat nung voi la 80%. Cau 4. Nung mot hon hp gom 4,2gam N2 va 8,4 gam O2 en 30000C th xay ra phan ng N2 + O2 2 NO Tnh lng NO thu c biet hieu suat phan ng la 10%. Bai tap Hoa hoc 36 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 5. Tnh lng quang pirit (cha 80% FeS2) can dung e ieu che 9,8 tan axit sunfuric. Biet hieu suat cua toan bo qua trnh la 75%. Cau 6. Hoa tan lng a voi cha 20 % tap chat (con lai la CaCO3) bang dung dch HCl 14,6% va u thu c 33,6 lit CO2(ktc). a.Tnh lng a voi a dung. b.Tnh nong o % dung dch muoi sau phan ng. Cau 7. Hoa tan 250 g mot mau a voi bang dd HCl thu c 44,8 lit CO2(ktc). Tnh % tap chat co trong a voi.

Van e 3. Toan hieu suat gom nhieu phan ng noi tiep

(giai theo s o ).
Cau 1. Tnh hieu suat toan bo qua trnh ieu che H2SO4 t FeS2. Biet i t 12 tan FeS2 th ieu che c 30 tan dung dch H2SO4 49%. Cau 2. Trong cong nghiep ngi ta ieu che benzen qua hai phan ng sau: 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 3C2H2 C6H6 Tnh lng benzen thu c neu i t 48 tan metan. Cho hieu suat moi phan ng tren eu la 80%. Cau 3. Trong cong nghiep ngi ta ieu che axit nitric HNO3 t NH3 qua cac phan ng: 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 2H2O + 4NO2 + O2 4HNO3 Tnh hieu suat toan bo qua trnh ieu che HNO3 t NH3 neu i t 17 tan NH3 ngi ta thu c 214,2 tan dd HNO3 25%. Cau 4. ot chay hoan toan 120 g quang pirit (FeS2) thu c V lit kh SO2. Tron kh thu c vi V lt kh O2 roi dan qua ong s cha chat xuc tac V2O5 nung nong . Hieu suat cua phan ng oxi hoa SO2 thanh SO3 la 80%, Cac the tch kh eu o ieu kien tieu chuan. a.Viet cac PTHH. b.Tnh V. c.Dung 0,2 lit dd H2SO4 98% (d = 1,83g/ml) e hap thu hoan toan lng SO3 tao thanh . Cho biet ten va cong thc hoa hoc cua chat thu c. Cau 5. Trong cong nghiep ieu che H2SO4 t FeS2 theo s o sau: FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 a) Viet phng trnh phan ng va ghi ro ieu kien. b) Tnh lng axit 98% ieu che c t 1 tan quang cha 60% FeS2. Biet hieu suat cua qua trnh la 80%. Cau 6. ieu che HNO3 trong cong nghiep theo s o: NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 a) Viet phng trnh phan ng va ghi ro ieu kien. b) Tnh the tch NH3 ( ktc) cha 15% tap chat khong chay can thiet e thu c 10 kg HNO3 31,5%. Biet hieu suat cua qua trnh la 79,356%. Cau 7. Ngi ta ieu che C2H2 t than va a voi theo s o: 95% 80% 90% CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 Vi hieu suat moi phan ng ghi tren s o. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng. b) Tnh lng a voi cha 75% CaCO3 can ieu che c 2,24 m3 C2H2 (ktc) theo s o.

Bai tap Hoa hoc

37

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

Cau 1. Ngam mot la sat trong mot dung dch CuSO4.Sau mot thi gian, lay la sat ra khoi dung dch, ra nhe, lam kho, thay khoi lng la sat tang them 1g. a.Viet pthh. b.Tnh khoi lng sat b hoa tan, va ong bam tren la sat. Cau 2. Ngam mot la ong nho trong 20 ml dd bac nitrat. Phan ng xong, lay la ong ra khoi dung dch, ra nhe, lam kho, khoi lng la ong tang them 1,52g. a.Viet pthh xay ra. b.Xac nh nong o mol/l cua dung dch bac nitrat a dung. c.Tnh nong o % cua dung dch sau phan ng. Biet dd nay co khoi lng rieng la 1,1g/ml. The tch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke. Cau 3. Ngam mot la sat co khoi lng 5g trong 50 ml dung dch CuSO4 15% co khoi lng rieng la 1,12 g/ml. Sau mot thi gian phan ng ngi ta lay sat ra khoi dung dch, ra nhe, lam kho can c 5,16 g. a.Viet phng trnh phan ng. b.Tnh nong o % cua chat con lai trong dung dch sau phan ng. Cau 4. Ngam mot la nhom trong 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,24 M. Sau mot thi gian phan ng ngi ta nhan thay khoi lng la nhom tang them 2,97 g a.Viet phng trnh phan ng. b.Tnh lng nhom tham gia phan ng va lng bac sinh ra. c.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat co trong dung dch sau phan ng. Biet the tch cua dung dch thay oi khong ang ke. Cau 5. Nhung mot thanh kem nang 37,5 g vao 200 ml dung dch ong sunfat. Phan ng xong lay thanh kim loai ra, ra nhe, lam kho, can c 37,44 g. a.Tnh lng kem a phan ng. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch ong sunfat ban au. Cau 6. Nhung mot thanh sat nang 7,5 g vao 75 ml dung dch CuSO4 15%( co khoi lng rieng 1,12g/ml). Sau mot thi gian phan ng, lay thanh kim loai ra khoi dung dch, em ra nhe, lam kho, can nang 7,74 g. a.Cho biet thanh kim loai sau khi nhung gom nhng kim loai g? Khoi lng la bao nhieu? b.Tnh nong o % cac chat con lai trong dung dch sau phan ng. Cau 7. Tha mot mieng ong vao 100ml dung dch AgNO3 en khi phan ng ket thuc nhan thay khoi lng mieng kim loai tang them 3,04 g so vi ban au. a.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch AgNO3 a dung. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat trong dung dch nhan c sau phan ng ( coi the tch dung dch khong oi). Cau 8. Nhung mot thanh kem nang 10 g vao dung dch FeSO4. Sau mot thi gian lay ra, ra sach, lam kho, can lai thay thanh kem nang 9,1 gam. Tiep tuc cho tac dung het vi dd HCl d. Sau phan ng ket thuc khoi lng bnh axit tang them bao nhieu gam? Cau 9. Cho 2 thanh kem co khoi lng nh nhau. Mot thanh nhung trong dd Cu(NO3)2 thanh con lai nhung trong dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau cung thi gian phan ng nhan thay khoi lng la kem th nhat giam 0,05 g. Biet rang trong ca 2 phan ng hoa hoc xay ra, lng kem b hoa tan nh nhau. Cho biet khoi lng la kem th hai tang hay giam bao nhieu? Cau 10. Nhung mot inh sat sach vao coc ng 50ml mot dung dch muoi ong sunfat CuSO4 2M, sau mot thi gian lay inh sat ra, ra sach, lam kho Bai tap Hoa hoc 38 T: 0978664738

DANG 8. TOAN TANG GIAM KHOI LNG.

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch va can lai, thay khoi lng tang them 0,08 gam. Biet toan bo lng ong sinh ra bam tren inh sat. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh khoi lng cua Fe b hoa tan va lng Cu c giai phong. c.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch muoi II sunfat thu c. Coi the tch dung dch khong thay oi. Cau 11. Co hai mieng kem, mieng th nhat nang 50g c cho vao coc ng 150 ml dung dch CuSO4 d, mieng th 2 nang 70 g c cho vao coc ng 450ml dd AgNO3 d. Sau mot thi gian lay hai mieng kem ra khoi dung dch thay mieng th nhat giam 0,3% khoi lng, biet rang nong o mol/l cua muoi kem trong hai dung dch la bang nhau. Hoi khoi lng mieng kem th 2 tang hay giam bao nhieu gam? Cho rang cac kim loai thoat ra eu bam vao mieng kem. Cau 12. Ngi ta tha mot mieng nhom nang 20 g vao 240 ml dd CuCl2 0,5 mol/l. khi nong o dd CuCl2 giam 50% ta lay mieng nhom ra, ra sach, say kho th can nang c bao nhieu gam? Cho rang ong c giai phong ra bam het vao nhom. Cau 13. Nhung mot la sat nang 10 g vao mot dung dch CuSO4. Sau mot thi gian lay la sat ra can lai thay nang 10,4g. Hoi co bao nhieu g ong sinh ra, biet lng ong sinh ra bam toan bo vao sat. Cau 14. Nhung mot la kem vao 500 ml dd Pb(NO3)2 2M. Sau mot thi gian lay la kem ra can lai thay nang hn so vi ban au la 2,84 g. a.Tnh lng ch a bam vao la kem, gia thiet lng ch sinh ra bam toan bo vao la kem tren. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cac muoi co trong dung dch khi a lay la kem ra. Gia thiet the tch dd khong thay oi. Cau 15. Nhung mot la ch vao dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Sau mot thi gian lay la ch ra can lai thay nhe hn so vi ban au 1,43 g. Tnh xem a co bao nhieu g ch phan ng. Gia thiet toan bo lng ong sinh ra a bam vao la ch. Cau 16. Nhung mot la kem vao dd FeSO4. Sau mot thi gian phan ng lay la kem ra can lai thay nhe hn so vi ban au 0,9 g. a.Giai thch tai sao la kem lai nhe i so vi ban au. b.Tnh lng sat a bam vao la kem. Cau 17. Nhung mot la ong nang 10 g vao dung dch AgNO3. Sau mot thi gian lay la ong ra can lai thay nang hn 1,52% so vi khoi lng ban au. Tnh lng ong a tan ra va lng bac a bam vao la ong. Cau 18: Cho mot la ong co khoi lng la 6 gam vao dung dch AgNO3. Phan ng xong, em la kim loai ra ra nhe, lam kho can c 13,6 gam. Tnh khoi lng ong a phan ng. Cau 19: Ngam mot mieng sat vao 320 gam dung dch CuSO 4 10%. Sau khi tat ca ong b ay ra khoi dung dch CuSO 4 va bam het vao mieng sat, th khoi lng mieng sat tang len 8%. Xac nh khoi lng mieng sat ban au. Cau 20: Nhung thanh sat co khoi lng 50 gam vao 400ml dung dch CuSO 4. Sau mot thi gian khoi lng thanh sat tang 4%. a) Xac nh lng Cu thoat ra. Gia s ong thoat ra eu bam vao thanh sat. b) Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch sat(II) sunfat tao thanh. Gia s the tch dung dch khong thay oi. Cau 21: Hai thanh kim loai giong nhau (eu tao bi cung nguyen to R hoa tr II) va co cung khoi lng. Tha thanh th nhat vao dung dch Cu(NO 3)2 va thanh thu hai vao dung dch Pb(NO 3)2. Sau mot thi gian, khi so mol 2 muoi phan ng bang nhau lay 2 thanh kim loai o ra khoi dung dch thay khoi Bai tap Hoa hoc 39 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch lng thanh th nhat giam i 0,2%, con khoi lng thanh th hai tang them 28,4%. Tm nguyen to R. Cau 22: Co 100 ml muoi nitrat cua kim loai hoa tr II (dung dch A). Tha vao A mot thanh Pb kim loai, sau mot thi gian khi lng Pb khong oi th lay no ra khoi dung dch thay khoi lng cua no giam i 28,6 gam. Dung dch con lai c tha tiep vao o mot thanh Fe nang 100 gam. Khi lng sat khong oi na th lay ra khoi dung dch, tham kho can nang 130,2 gam. Hoi cong thc cua muoi ban au va nong o mol cua dung dch A. Cau 23: Cho mot thanh Pb kim loai tac dung va u vi dung dch muoi nitrat cua kim loai hoa tr II, sau mot thi gian khi khoi lng thanh Pb khong oi th lay ra khoi dung dch thay khoi lng no giam i 14,3 gam. Cho thanh sat co khoi lng 50 gam vao dung dch sau phan ng tren, khoi lng thanh sat khong oi na th lay ra khoi dung dch, ra sach, say kho can nang 65,1 gam. Tm ten kim loai hoa tr II. Cau 24: Hoa tan muoi nitrat cua mot kim loai hoa tr II vao nc c 200 ml dung dch (A). Cho vao dung dch (A) 200 ml dung dch K 3PO4, phan ng xay ra va u, thu c ket tua (B) va dung dch (C). Khoi lng ket tua (B) va khoi lng muoi nitrat trong dung dch (A) khac nhau 3,64 gam. a) Tm nong o mol/l cua dung dch (A) va (C), gia thiet the tch dung dch thay oi do pha tron va the tch ket tua khong ang ke. b) Cho dung dch NaOH (lay d) vao 100 ml dung dch (A) thu c ket tua (D), loc lay ket tua (D) roi em nung en khoi lng khong oi can c 2,4 gam chat ran. Xac nh kim loai trong muoi nitrat.

Van e 1. Tnh theo cong thc.

DANG 9. TOAN XAC NH NGUYEN TO, CONG THC PHAN T.

Cau 1. Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua chat A, B, C biet: Chat A co %K = 38,613%, %N = 13,861%, va nguyen to oxi. Chat B co %K = 31,837%, %Cl = 28,98%, va nguyen to oxi. Chat C co %K = 24,683%, %Mn = 34,810%, va nguyen to oxi. Cau 2. Mot oxit cua nit co phan t khoi la 108 vc, biet mN : mO = 7 : 20. Xac nh cong thc oxit. Cau 3. Mot muoi clorua cua ch co cha 25,54% Cl theo khoi lng. Xac nh cong thc muoi nay. Cau 4. Hai nguyen t M ket hp c vi moat nguyen t oxi tao ra oxit biet %O = 25.8% ve khoi lng. Xac nh cong thc oxit. Cau 5. Mot nguyen t M ket hp vi ba nguyen t H tao thanh hp chat X. trong phan t X, H chiem 17,65% ve khoi lng. Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc cua X. Cau 6. Oxit cua nguyen to X co hoa tr V cha 43,66% theo khoi lng nguyen to o. Xac nh cong thc oxit. Cau 7. Mot oxit kim loai co khoi lng mol la 102g, thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua kim loai la 52,94%. Xac nh cong thc oxit.

Van e 2. Tnh theo phng trnh hoa hoc.

Cau 1: Khi hoa tan 21g mot kim loai hoa tr II trong dung dch H 2SO4 loang d, ngi ta thu c 8,4 lt hiro (ktc) va dung dch A. Khi cho ket tinh muoi trong dung dch A th thu c 104,25g tinh the hirat hoa. a) Cho biet ten kim loai. Bai tap Hoa hoc 40 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b) Xac nh CTHH cua tinh the muoi hirat hoa o. S: a) Fe ; b) FeSO4.7H2O Cau 2: Cho 4,48g oxit cua 1 kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va u vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,8M roi co can dung dch th nhan c 13,76g tinh the muoi ngam nc. Tm cong thc muoi ngam H2O nay. S: CaSO4.2H2O Cau 3: Mot hon hp kim loai X gom 2 kim loai Y, Z co t so khoi lng 1 : 1. Trong 44,8g hon hp X, so hieu mol cua Y va Z la 0,05 mol. Mat khac nguyen t khoi Y > Z la 8. Xac nh kim loai Y va Z. S: Y = 64 (Cu) va Z = 56 (Fe) Cau 4: Hoa tan hoan toan 4 gam hon hp gom 1 kim loai hoa tr II va 1 kim loai hoa tr III can dung het 170 ml HCl 2M. a) Co can dung dch thu c bao nhieu gam muoi kho. b) Tnh VH2 thoat ra ktc. c) Neu biet kim loai hoa tr III la Al va so mol bang 5 lan so mol kim loai hoa tr II th kim loai hoa tr II la nguyen to nao? VH 2 = 3,808 lt ; c) Kim loai hoa tr II la Zn S: a) mmuo i = 16, 07 gam ; b) Cau 5: Oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to co cong thc R 2Ox phan t khoi cua oxit la 102 vC, biet thanh phan khoi lng cua oxi la 47,06%. Xac nh R. S: R la nhom (Al) Cau 6: Nguyen to X co the tao thanh vi Fe hp chat dang Fe aXb, phan t nay gom 4 nguyen t co khoi lng mol la 162,5 gam. Hoi nguyen to X la g? S: X la clo (Cl) Cau 7: Cho 100 gam hon hp 2 muoi clorua cua cung 1 kim loai M (co hoa tr II va III) tac dung het vi NaOH d. Ket tua hiroxit hoa tr 2 bang 19,8 gam con khoi lng clorua kim loai M hoa tr II bang 0,5 khoi lng mol cua M. Tm cong thc 2 clorua va % hon hp. S: Hai muoi la FeCl2 va FeCl3 ; %FeCl2 = 27,94% va %FeCl3 = 72,06% Cau 8: Hoa tan 18,4 gam hon hp 2 kim loai hoa tr II va III bang axit HCl thu c dung dch A + kh B. Chia oi B. a) Phan B1 em ot chay thu c 4,5 gam H 2O. Hoi co can dd A thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan. b) Phan B2 tac dung het clo va cho san pham hap thu vao 200 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2). Tm C% cac chat trong dung dch tao ra. c) Tm 2 kim loai, neu biet t so mol 2 muoi khan = 1 : 1 va khoi lng mol cua kim loai nay gap 2,4 lan khoi lng mol cua kim loai kia. S: a) mmuo i = 26,95 gam ; b) C% (NaOH) = 10,84% va C% (NaCl) = 11,37% c) Kim loai hoa tr II la Zn va kim loai hoa tr III la Al Cau 9: Kim loai X tao ra 2 muoi XBr2 va XSO4. Neu so mol XSO4 gap 3 lan so mol XBr2 th lng XSO4 bang 104,85 gam, con lng XBr 2 ch bang 44,55 gam. Hoi X la nguyen to nao? S: X = 137 la Ba Cau 10: Hon hp kh gom NO, NO 2 va 1 oxit NxOy co thanh phan 45% VNO ; 15% VNO 2 va 40% VNx Oy . Trong hon hp co 23,6% lng NO con trong N xOy co 69,6% lng oxi. Hay xac nh oxit NxOy. la N2O4 Cau 11: Co 1 oxit sat cha biet. Bai tap Hoa hoc S: Oxit

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Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch - Hoa tan m gam oxit can 150 ml HCl 3M. - Kh toan bo m gam oxit bang CO nong, d thu c 8,4 gam sat. Tm cong thc oxit. S: Fe2O3 Cau 12: Kh 1 lng oxit sat cha biet bang H 2 nong d. San pham hi tao ra hap thu bang 100 gam axit H 2SO4 98% th nong o axit giam i 3,405%. Chat ran thu c sau phan ng kh c hoa tan bang axit H 2SO4 loang thoat ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Tm cong thc oxit sat b kh. S: Fe3O4 Cau 13: Hon hp X gom 2 kim loai A va B co t le khoi lng 1 : 1 va khoi lng mol nguyen t cua A nang hn B la 8 gam. Trong 53,6 gam X co so mol A khac B la 0,0375 mol. Hoi A, B la nhng kim loai nao? S: B la Fe va A la Cu Cau 14: ot chay hoan toan m gam chat A can dung het 5,824 dm 3 O2 (ktc). San pham co CO2 va H2O c chia oi. Phan 1 cho i qua P 2O5 thay lng P2O5 tang 1,8 gam. Phan 2 cho i qua CaO thay lng CaO tang 5,32 gam. Tm m va cong thc n gian A. Tm cong thc phan t A va biet A the kh (k thng) co so C 4. S: A la C4H10 Cau 15: Hoa tan 18,4g hon hp 2 kim loai hoa tr II va III bang axit HCl thu c dung dch A + kh B. Chia oi B a) Phan B1 em ot chay thu c 4,5g H2O. Hoi co can dung dch A thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan. b) Phan B2 tac dung het clo va cho san pham hap thu vao 200 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2). Tm % cac chat trong dung dch tao ra. c) Tm 2 kim loai, neu biet t so mol 2 muoi khan = 1 : 1 va khoi lng mol kim loai nay gap 2,4 lan khoi lng mol cua kim loai kia. S: a) Lng muoi khan = 26,95g b) %NaOH = 10,84% va %NaCl = 11,73% c) KL hoa tr II la Zn va KL hoa tr III la Al Cau 16: Hai nguyen to X va Y eu the ran trong ieu kien thng 8,4 gam X co so mol nhieu hn 6,4 gam Y la 0,15 mol. Biet khoi lng mol nguyen t cua X nho hn khoi lng mol nguyen t cua Y la 8. Hay cho biet ten cua X, Y va so mol moi nguyen to noi tren. S: - X (Mg), Y (S) - nS = 0, 2 mol va nMg = 0,35 mol Cau 17: Nguyen to R tao thanh hp chat RH 4, trong o hiro chiem 25% khoi lng va nguyen to R tao thanh hp chat RO 2 trong o oxi chiem 69,57% khoi lng. a) Hoi R va R la cac nguyen to g? b) Hoi 1 lt kh RO2 nang hn 1 lt kh RH4 bao nhieu lan ( cung ieu kien nhiet o, ap suat). c) Neu ktc, V1 lt RH4 nang bang V2 lt RO2 th t le V1/V2 bang bao nhieu lan? S: a) R (C), R(N) ; b) NO2 nang hn CH4 = 2,875 lan ; c) V1/V2 = 2,875 lan Cau 18: Hp chat vi oxi cua nguyen to X co dang X aOb gom 7 nguyen t trong phan t. ong thi t le khoi lng gia X va oxi la 1 : 1,29. Xac nh X va cong thc oxit. S: X la P oxit cua X la P2O5

Bai tap Hoa hoc

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Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 19: Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1 gam hon hp bot gom CuO va mot oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II khac can 100 ml dung dch HCl 3M. Biet t le mol cua 2 oxit la 1 : 2. a) Xac nh cong thc cua oxit con lai. b) Tnh % theo khoi lng cua moi oxit trong hon hp ban au. S: a) ZnO ; b) %CuO = 33,06% va %ZnO = 66,94% Cau 20: Cho A gam kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi vao 250 ml dung dch hon hp gom Cu(NO3)2 va AgNO3 eu co nong o 0,8 mol/l. Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan ta loc c (a + 27,2) gam chat ran gom ba kim loai va c mot dung dch ch cha mot muoi tan. Xac nh M va khoi lng muoi tao ra trong dung dch. S: M la Mg va Mg(NO3)2 = 44,4g Cau 21: Nung 25,28 gam hon hp FeCO 3 va FexOy d ti phan ng hoan toan, thu c kh A va 22,4 gam Fe 2O3 duy nhat. Cho kh A hap thu hoan toan vao 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c 7,88g ket tua. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b) Tm cong thc phan t cua FexOy. S: b) Fe2O3 Cau 22: Hai thanh kim loai giong nhau (eu cung nguyen to R hoa tr II) va co cung khoi lng. Cho thanh th nhat vao vao dung dch Cu(NO 3)2 va thanh th hai vao dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau mot thi gian, khi so mol 2 muoi bang nhau, lay hai thanh kim loai o ra khoi dung dch thay khoi lng thanh th nhat giam i 0,2% con khoi lng thanh th hai tang 28,4%. Xac nh nguyen to R. S: R (Zn) Cau 23: Hon hp M gom oxit cua mot kim loai hoa tr II va mot cacbonat cua kim loai o c hoa tan het bang axit H 2SO4 loang va u tao ra kh N va dung dch L. em co can dung dch L thu c mot lng muoi khan bang 168% khoi lng M. Xac nh kim loai hoa tr II, biet kh N bang 44% khoi lng cua M. S: Mg Cau 24: Cho Cho 3,06g axit MxOy cua kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi (hoa tr t I en III) tan trong HNO 3 d thu c 5,22g muoi. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t cua oxit MxOy. S: BaO Cau 25: Cho 15,25 gam hon hp mot kim loai hoa tr II co lan Fe tan het trong axit HCl d thoat ra 4,48 dm 3 H2 (ktc) va thu c dung dch X. Them NaOH d vao X, loc ket tua tach ra roi nung trong khong kh en lng khong oi can nang 12 gam. Tm kim loai hoa tr II, biet no khong tao ket tua vi hiroxit. S: Ba Cau 26: Cho 2 gam hon hp Fe va kim loai hoa tr II vao dung dch HCl co d th thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Mat khac, neu hoa tan 4,8g kim loai hoa tr II o can cha en 500 ml dung dch HCl. Xac nh kim loai hoa tr II. S: Mg Cau 27: Kh hoan toan 4,06g mot oxit kim loai bang CO nhiet o cao thanh kim loai. Dan toan bo kh sinh ra vao bnh ng Ca(OH) 2 d, thay tao thanh 7g ket tua. Neu lay lng kim loai sinh ra hoa tan het vao dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). a) Xac nh cong thc phan t oxit kim loai. b) Cho 4,06g oxit kim loai tren tac dung hoan toan vi 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong (d) thu c dung dch X va kh SO 2 bay ra. Hay xac nh nong o mol/l cua muoi trong dung dch X (coi the tch dung dch khong thay oi trong qua trnh phan ng) S: a) Fe3O4 ; b) CM Fe2 ( SO4 )3 = 0, 0525M Bai tap Hoa hoc 43 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 28: Hoa tan hoa toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mat khac hoa tan hoan toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HNO3 loang, thu c muoi nitrat cua M, H 2O va cung V lt kh NO duy nhat (ktc). a) So sanh hoa tr cua M trong muoi clorua va trong muoi nitrat. b) Hoi M la kim loai nao? Biet rang khoi lng muoi nitrat tao thanh gap 1,905 lan khoi lng muoi clorua. x 2 S: a) = ; b) Fe y 3 Cau 29: Hoa tan hoan toan 14,2g hon hp C gom MgCO 3 va muoi cacbonat cua kim loai R vao dung dch HCl 7,3% va u, thu c dung dch D va 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nong o MgCl2 trong dung dch D bang 6,028%. a) Xac nh kim loai R va thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua moi chat trong C. b) Cho dung dch NaOH d vao dung dch D, loc lay ket tua nung ngoai khong kh en khi phan ng hoan toan. Tnh so gam chat ran con lai sau khi nung. S: a) R (Fe) va %MgCO3 = 59,15% , %FeCO3 = 40,85% ; b) mMgO = 4 g va mFe2O3 = 4 g Cau 30: Hoa tan hoan toan a gam kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi vao b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Them 240 gam dung dch NaHCO 3 7% vao D th va u tac dung het vi lng HCl con d, thu c dung dch E trong o nong o phan tram cua NaCl va muoi clorua km loai M tng ng la 2,5% va 8,12%. Them tiep lng d dung dch NaOH vao E, sau o loc lay ket tua, roi nung en khoi lng khong oi th thu c 16 gam chat ran. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. Xac nh kim loai va nong o phan tram cua dung dch a dung. S: M (Mg) va %HCl = 16% Cau 31. Hoa tan hoan toan 3,6 g mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dd HCl thu c 3,36 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh ten kim loai a dung. Cau 32. Hoa tan hoan toan 18,46g mot muoi sunfat cua kim loai hoa tr I vao nc c 500ml dung dch A. Cho toan bo dd A tac dung vi dd BaCl2 d c 30,29 g mot muoi sunfat ket tua. a.Tm cong thc hoa hoc muoi a dung. b.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch A. Cau 33. Hoa tan hoan toan 7,2 gam mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dd H2SO4 loang thu c 6,72 lit H2(ktc). a.Xac nh kim loai a cho. b.Viet 3 phan ng khac nhau ieu che kimloai noi tren. Cau 34. Hoa tan hoan toan 3,78 g mot kim loai X vao dd HCl thu c 4,704 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh X. Cau 35. Hoa tan hoan toan 4 g hon hp 2 kim loai A,B cung hoa tr II, va co t le mol la 1:1 bang dd HCl thu c 2,24 lit H2(ktc). Hoi A,B la cac kim loai nao trong so cac kim loai sau: Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Fe, Ni? Cau 36. Mot oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II co cha 40% oxi ve khoi lng. Tm cong thc oxit o. Cau 37. Mot muoi clorua cua kim loai hoa tr I co cha 60,68% khoi lng Clo. Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua muoi tren. Cau 38. Hoa tan hoan toan 2,8g mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc kim loai tren. Cau 39. Cho 1,68 g mot kim loai hoatr II tac dung vi lng d dd HCl. Sau khi phan ng ket thuc nhan thay khoi lng dung dch sau phan ng nang hn khoi lng ban au la 1,54 g. Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc kim loai a dung. Bai tap Hoa hoc 44 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 40. Hoa tan hoan toan 13g mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dung dch HCl. Co can dd sau phan ng thu c 27,2 g muoi khan. Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc kim loai a dung. Cau 41. e hoa tan hoan toan 4,48g mot oxit kim loai hoa tr II phai dung 100ml dung dch H2SO4 0,8 M. un nhe dung dch thu c thay xuat hien toi a mot lng tinh the muoi ngam nc nang 13,76 g. a.Tm cong thc hoa hoc oxit a dung. b.Tm cong thc muoi ngam nc. Cau 42. Hoa tan 1,2g mot kim loai hoa tr cha ro bang dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit H2(ktc). Tm cong thc hoa hoc kim loai noi tren. Cau 43. Co 6,2g hai kim loai kiem ke tiep nhau trong phan nhom chnh nhom I, tac dung vi nc d th thu c 2,24 lit H2 (o ktc). Xac nh ten hai kim loai kiem nay. Cau 44. Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp X gom hai kim loai kiem A, B thuoc hai chu ky ke tiep vao nc, khoi lng X bang 6,2 g. e trung hoa dd thu c phai dung 100ml dd HCl 2M, sau phan ng thu c muoi Y. a.Co can dd Y thu c bao nhieu gam hon hp muoi khan Y? b.Xac nh kim loai A,B. Biet so mol cua A, B trong hon hp co ty le 1 : 1. Cau 45.a.Oxit cua kim loai M co cong thc M2On , trong o thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua M bang 7/3 thanh phan % ve khoi lng cua oxi. Xac nh cong thc oxit. b.e kh hoan toan 320 gam oxit tren thanh kim loai can bao nhieu lt hon hp kh co cha 99,99% CO va 0,01%H2 ve the tch. Cac kh o ktc. Cau 46.Khuay k m gam bot kim loai M (hoa tr II) vi Vml dd CuSO4 0,2mol/l. phan ng xong, loc tach c 7,72 gam chat ran A. Cho 1,93 gam A tac dung vi lng d axit HCl thay thoat ra 224 ml kh (ktc). Cho 5,79 gam A tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 19,44 gam chat ran . Hay tnh m, V va xac nh khoi lng mol nguyen t cua kim loai M biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Cau 47. Cho a gam muoi clorua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung hoan toan vi 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3, thu c 3 gam ket tua trang va 120 g dung dch X, trong o muoi NaCl co nong o 2,925%. a.Tnh a. Xac nh ten kim loai hoa tr II tren? b.Tnh khoi lng rieng cua dung dch Na2CO3 ban au. c.Neu C% cua dung dch Na2CO3 ban au la 6,8% th dung dch X con d Na2CO3 hay khong? Neu con th C% la bao nhieu? Cau 48.Cho 6,45g hon hp 2 kim loai hoa tr II la A va B tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 loang d. Sau phan ng thu c 1,12 lt kh ( ktc) va 3,2 gam chat ran . Lng chat ran nay tac dung va u vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,5M thu c dung dch D va kim loai E. loc lay E roi co can dd D thu c muoi khan F. a.Xac nh cac kim loai A, B biet rang A ng trc B trong day hoat ong hoa hoc cua kim loai. b.em lng muoi khan F nung nhiet o cao thu c 6,16gam chat ran G va V lt hon hp kh. Tnh V ( ktc), biet khi nhiet phan muoi F tao thanh hai oxit kim loai , NO2 va O2. c.Nhung thanh kim loai A vao 400 ml dung dch muoi F co nong o mol la CM. Sau khi phan ng ket thuc, lay thanh kim loai ra ra sach, lam kho , thay khoi lng giam 0,1g. Tnh nong o CM, biet tat ca cac kim loai sinh ra eu bam len be mat thanh kim loai A. Cau 49. Mot hon hp kim loai A gom hai kim loai X, Y co ty so ve khoi lng la 1 : 1. trong 44,8g hon hp A, so hieu mol cua X va Y la 0,05 mol. Mat khac nguyen t khoi X > Y la 8 vC. Xac nh kim loai X, Y. Bai tap Hoa hoc 45 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 50. Lay 4 gam oxit kim loai R1(R1 la mot kim loai hoa tr II) cho tac dung vi 45 gam dung dch H2SO4 19,6%, sau phan ng thu c dung dch A trong o H2SO4 co C% = 8%. Trung hoa dung dch A bang mot lng va u dung dch NaOH c dung dch B. Cho vao dung dch B mot thanh kim loai R2 co khoi lng 10,8g, phan ng xay ra hoan toan, lay thanh R2 can nang 11,2g. a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Xac nh kim loai R1 va R2. Cau 51. Hoa tan 1,84g mot kim loai kiem vao nc. e trung hoa dung dch thu c phai dung 80 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Xac nh kim loai kiem a dung. Cau 52. Co mot oxit sat cha ro cong thc. Chia mot lng oxit sat nay lam hai phan bang nhau. - e hoa tan het phan I phai dung 150 ml dung dch HCl 3M - Cho luong CO qua phan II nung nong , phan ng xong thu c 8,4 g sat. Tm cong thc oxit sat tren. Cau 53. Co mot oxit sat cha ro cong thc. Chia 1 lng oxit nay lam hai phan bang nhau. - Cho luong kh H2 d i qua phan I nung nong thay sau phan ng thu c 3,92 g sat. - e hoa tan het phan II phai dung 210 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Xac nh cong thc oxit sat tren. Cau 54. Hoa tan het 2,8 g sat bang dd H2SO4 loang, va u roi cho dung dch sau phan ng bay hi het ap suat thap thu c 13,9 g muoi. Tm cong thc muoi thu c.(muoi ngam nc) Cau 55. Hoa tan hoan toan mot oxit kim loai hoa tr II bang dd H2SO4 14% ( va u) th thu c mot dung dch muoi co nong o 16,2%. a.Xac nh oxit a dung. b.T oxit nay, viet cac phan ng ieu che ra kim loai tng ng. Cau 56. Cho 3,78 g bot Al phan ng va u vi dung dch XCl3 tao thanh 200ml dung dch Y. Khoi lng chat tan trong dung dch Y giam 4,06 g so vi dd XCl3. Xac nh cong thc cua muoi XCl3 va nong o cac chat tan co trong dung dch Y. Cau 57. Hoa tan 49,6 g hon hp gom mot muoi sunfat va mot muoi cacbonat cua cung mot kim loai hoa tr I vao nc thu c dd A. Chia dung dch A lam 2 phan bang nhau. -Phan 1 cho phan ng vi lng d dd axit sunfuric thu c 2,24 lit kh(ktc). -Phan 2 cho phan ng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2 thu c 43 g ket tua trang. a.Tm cong thc hai muoi ban au. b.Tm % khoi lng cac muoi tren co trong hon hp. Cau 58. Hoa tan hoan toan 5,2g hon hp mot kim loai hoa tr II va oxit cua no vao dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit hidro(ktc). Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 14,25g muoi khan. a.Xac nh cac chat co trong hon hp. b.Tnh % khoi lng moi chat tren a dung. Cau 59. Co 8,2g hon hp A gom bot sat va kim loai M co hoa tr n khong oi. Neu hoa tan hoan toan hon hp A trong dung dch HCl th thu c 7,84 lit kh hidro(ktc) Neu cho toan bo hon hp A tren tac dung hoan toan vi kh clo th the tch clo can dung la 8,4 lit (ktc). Xac nh kim loai M va % moi chat trong hon hp A. Cau 60. Hoa tan hoan toan 4 gam hon hp hai kim loai A va B co cung hoa tr II, cung ty le mol la 1 : 1 bang dung dch HCl th thu c 22,4 lt kh hidro (ktc). Hoi A va B la kim loai g? Bai tap Hoa hoc 46 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 61. Hoa tan hoan toan 2,8gam mot kim loai bang mot hon hp gom 100ml dung dch axit HCl 0,4 M va 160 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25 M. Dung dch thu c lam qu tm hoa o, e trung hoa can dung 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2 M. Hay xac nh ten kim loai, biet kim loai o hoa tr II trong hp chat vi axit HCl. Cau 62.e kh hoan toan oxi trong 3,2 gam oxit cua mot kim loai can 1,334 lit kh hidro. Hoa tan lng kim loai thu c trong dung dch axit HCl d th thu c 0,896 lit kh hidro(ktc). Giai thch v sao the tch hidro trong hai trng hp khong giong nhau va xac nh ten kim loai. Cau 63 hay xac nh cong thc cua 1 oxit kim loai hoa tr III, biet rang hoa tan 8 gam oxit bang 300 ml H2SO4 loang 1M, sau phan ng phai trung hoa lng axit d bang 50 gam dung dch NaOH 24%. Cau 64. 4.48 gam oxit kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va u vi 100ml axit H2SO4 0,8M roi co can th nhan c 13,76 g tinh the muoi ngam nc. Tm cong thc muoi ngam nc nay. Cau 65. 1,44g kim loai hoa tr II tan hoan toan trong 250ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. Dung dch thu c cha axit d va phai trung hoa bang 60ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tm kim loai tren. Cau 66. Hoa tan hoan toan 27,4g hon hp hai muoi M2CO3 va MHCO3 bang 500ml dung dch HCl 1M thoat ra 6,72 lit CO2 (ktc). e trung hoa axit d phai dung 50ml NaOH 2M. Tm 2 muoi va % hon hp. Cau 67. Hoa tan hoan toan 49,6g hon hp muoi sunfat va muoi cacbonat cua cung mot kim loai hoa tr I vao nc thanh dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tac dung vi H2SO4 d thoat ra 2,24 lit kh (ktc). Cho dung dch A tac dung vi BaCl2 d thu c 43g hon hp ket tua trang. Tm cong thc 2 muoi va thanh phan hon hp. Cau 68. Cho 100g hon hp hai muoi clorua cua cung mot kim loai M (co hoa tr II va III) tac dung het vi NaOH d. Ket tua hidroxit hoa tr II bang 19,8g con khoi lng clorua kim loai M hoa tr II bang 0,5 khoi lng mol cua M. Tm cong thc 2 muoi va % hon hp. Cau 69. Hoa tan 1 oxit kim loai hoa tr III bang 400ml dung dch HNO3 0,2 M. Sau phan ng dung dch lam o quy tm va phai trung hoa bang 50g dung dch nc voi 1,48% roi co can dung dch nhan c 6,48g nitrat kho. Tm cong thc oxit ban au va khoi lng cua no. Cau 70. Hoa tan 3,2g oxit kim loai hoa tr III bang 200g dung dch axit H2SO4 loang. Khi them vao hon hp sau phan ng 1 lng CaCO3 va u thay thoat ra 0,224 dm3 CO2 (ktc). Sau o co can dung dch thu c 9,36g muoi sunfat kho. Tm oxit kim loai va nong o % H2SO4. Cau 71. Them NaOH d vao dung dch cha 8g muoi sunfat cua 1 kim loai hoa tr II roi loc ket tua tach ra em nung nong thu c oxit kim loai va dan luong kh H2 i qua kh het kim loai nhan c 3,2g kim loai. Hoi kim loai o la g. Cau 72. Hoa tan hoan toan 4g hon hp mot kim loai hoa tr II va mot kim loai hoa tr III can dung het 170 ml HCl 2M. a. Co can dung dch thu c bao nhieu gam muoi kho. b. Tnh VH2 thoat ra ktc. c. Neu biet kim loai hoa tr III la Al va so mol bang 5 lan so mol kim loai hoa tr II th kim loai hoa tr II la nguyen to nao? Cau 73. Co 1 oxit sat cha biet . - Hoa tan m gam oxit can 150ml HCl 3M. - Kh toan bo m gam oxit bang CO nong, d thu c 8,4g sat. Tm cong thc oxit.

Bai tap Hoa hoc

47

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 74. cho 416g dung dch BaCl2 12% tac dung va u vi dung dch cha 27,36g muoi sunfat kim loai A. Sau khi loc bo ket tua thu c 800ml dung dch 0,2M cua muoi kim loai A. Tm hoa tr A, ten A, cong thc muoi sunfat. Cau 75. Hoa tan 18,4g hon hp 2 kim loai hoa tr II va III bang axit HCl thu c dung dch A + kh B. Chia oi B. a. Phan 1 em ot chay thu c 4,5g H2O. Hoi co can dung dch A thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan. b. Phan 2 tac dung het vi clo va cho san pham hap thu vao 200ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 g/ml). Tm C% cac chat trong dung dch tao ra. c. Tm 2 kim loai , neu biet t so mol 2 muoi khan = 1:1 va khoi lng mol cua kim loai nay gap 2,4 lan khoi lng mol cua kim loai kia. Cau 76. Kh m gam 1 oxit sat cha biet bang CO nong d en hoan toan thu c Fe va kh A. Hoa tan het lng kh Fe tren bang HCl d thoat ra 1,68 lt H2 (ktc). Hap thu toan bo kh A bang Ca(OH)2 d thu c 10g ket tua. Tm cong thc oxit. Cau 77. Tm cong thc mot oxit sat biet nung nong 11,6 g oxit nay va cho mot dong kh CO i qua en phan ng hoan toan nhan c sat nguyen chat va mot lng kh c hap thu bi dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d tach ra 20g ket tua. Cau 78. Hon hp gom 1 kim loai kiem va oxit cua no co khoi lng 18 gam tan het trong nc thoat ra 1,12 lit H2 (ktc) va c mot dung dch kiem. e trung hoa dung dch kiem nay can dung het 100ml H2SO4 2M. Hoi kim loai kiem la nguyen to nao? Cau 79. 15,25g hon hp gom 1 kim loai hoa tr II co lan Fe tan het trong HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) va thu c dung dch X. Them NaOH d vao X, loc bo ket tua roi nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi can nang 12 gam. Tm kim loai hoa tr II, biet no khong tao ket tua vi hiroxit. Cau 80. Hoa tan 50 g hon hp gom BaCO3 va muoi cacbonat cua 1 kim loai kiem bang HCl thoat ra 6,72 dm3 kh (ktc) va thu c dung dch A. Them H2SO4 d vao dung dch A thay tach ra 46,6g ket tua trang. Tm cacbonat kim loai kiem. Cau 81. Mot muoi c tao bi kim loai Mhoa tr II va phi kim hoa tr I. Hoa tan m gam muoi nay vao nc va chia dung dch lam 2 phan bang nhau: - Phan 1: cho tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3 co d th c 5,74g ket tua trang. - Phan 2: nhung mot thanh sat vao dung dch muoi, sau mot thi gian phan ng ket thuc khoi lng thanh sat tang len 0,16g. a. Tm cong thc cua muoi . b. Xac nh tr so cua m. Cau 82. Chat A la muoi canxi halogenua. Cho dung dch cha 0,2g A tac dung vi lng d dd bac nitrat th thu c 0,376g ket tua bac halogenua. Hay xac nh cong thc cua A.

Van e 3. Bien luan.

Cau 1. Co mot muoi sat clorua cha ro hoa tr . Cho 6,35 g muoi nay phan ng hoan toan vi NaOH thu c 4,5 g ket tua. a.Xac nh cong thc muoi sat a cho. b.Viet 4 phan ng khac nhau e ieu che muoi nay. Cau 2. Hoa tan het 1,89g mot kim loai cha ro hoa tr trong dd HCl thu c 2,352 lit H2(ktc). Xac nh kim loai tren. Cau 3. A la mot kim loai hoa tr II. Neu cho 2,4 g kim loai A tac dung vi 100 ml dd HCl 1,5 M thay sau phan ng van con mot phan kim loai A cha tan het. Cung 2,4 g kim loai A tren tac dung vi 125 ml dung dch HCl 2M thay sau phan ng van con axit d. Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc kim loai A. Bai tap Hoa hoc 48 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 4. Co mot oxit kim loai hoa tr I. Neu cho 3g oxit nay tac dung vi mot lng nc d c dung dch A co tnh kiem. Chia dung dch A lam 2 phan bang nhau. - Phan I cho tac dung vi 90 ml dd HCl 1M thay dung dch sau phan ng lam giay quy hoa xanh. - Phan II cho tac dung vi V ml dd HCl 1M thay dung dch sau phan ng khong lam quy tm oi mau. a.Xac nh cong thc oxit kim loai a dung. b. Tnh V. Cau 5. Hoa tan 9,4 g mot oxit kim loai hoa tr I vao nc c dung dch A co tnh kiem. Chia A lam hai phan bang nhau. - Phan I cho tac dung vi 95 ml dung dch HCl 1M thay sau phan ng van con kiem d. - Phan II cho tac dung vi 105 ml dung dch HCl 1M thay sau phan ng con axit d. Xac nh cong thc oxit a dung. Cau 6. Cho mot kim loai A tan het trong axit H2SO4loang tao ra muoi X va kh H2. Khi cho kim loai tan het trong axit HNO3 tao muoi Y va NO. Neu lay cung mot lng kim loai A th ty le so mol NO va H2 bang 1. Cho biet ty le khoi lng phan t cua X va Y bang 152 : 242. Hay xac nh kim loai M va muoi X, Y. Cau 7.Co mot hon hp gom sat va mot kim loai M co hoa tr n. Neu hoa tan het hon hp trong axit HCl th thu c 7,84 lt kh hidro ( ktc). Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi clo th the tch clo can dung la 8,4 lit ( ktc). Biet so nguyen t sat va so nguyen t kim loai M trong hon hp ty le vi nhau la 1 : 4. a.Tnh the tch kh clo a hoa hp vi kim loai M. b.Xac nh hoa tr n cua kim loai M. c.Neu khoi lng kim loai M trong hon hp la 5,4 g th M la kim loai g? Cau 8.a.Xac nh kim loai M biet rang khi un nong a gam bot kim loai M trong kh clo en khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan th thu c chat ran co khoi lng bang 2,902a gam. b.Sau khi xac nh kim loai M hay hoan thanh cac phng trnh phan ng sau: M + ? ----- M(NO3)2 + ? M + ? ----- MCl2 + ? MxOy + ? ----- M + ? Cau 9.Hoa tan hoan toan m gam FexOy bang axit H2SO4 ac, nong thay thoat ra kh SO2 duy nhat . Mat khac sau khi kh hoan toan cung m gam FexOy bang CO nhiet o cao, roi em hoa tan lng sat tao thanh bang axit H2SO4 ac nong thay thoat ra lng kh SO2 co the tch gap 9 lan the tch lng kh SO2 thoat ra tren. a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng xay ra. b.Xac nh cong thc cua oxit sat. Cau 10. Hoa tan mot lng oxit cua kim loai R hoa tr III bang mot lng va u dung dch H2SO4 29,4% th thu c mot dung dch muoi co nong o 34,428%. Xac nh kim loai R. Cau 11. e 16,2 gam mot kim loai M co hoa tr n duy nhat trong khong kh mot thi gian, thu c chat ran A co khoi lng 25,8gam. Hoa tan chat ran A bang dung dch HCl d thay thoat ra 6,72 lit kh H2 (ktc). a.M la kim loai g? b.Neu hoa tan hoan toan chat ran A bang axit nitric ac nong th co bao nhieu lt kh mau nau duy nhat thoat ra( ktc). Bai tap Hoa hoc 49 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Bai 12: Cho 7,2 gam hon hp A gom 2 muoi cacbonat cua 2 kim loai ke tiep nhau trong phan nhom chnh nhom II. Cho A hoa tan het trong dung dch H 2SO4 loang, thu c kh B. Cho toan bo B hap thu het bi 450 ml Ba(OH) 2 0,2M thu c 15,76 gam ket tua. Xac nh hai muoi cacbonat va tnh % theo khoi lng cua chung trong A. ap so: - 2 muoi: MgCO3 va CaCO3 - %MgCO3 = 58,33% va %CaCO3 = 41,67% Bai 13: Hoa tan hoan toan 20 gam hon hp gom MgCO3 va RCO3 (t le mol 1 : 1) bang dung dch HCl. Lng kh CO2 sinh ra cho hap thu hoan toan bi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2,5M c dung dch A. Them BaCl2 d vao dung dch A thu c 39,4g ket tua. a) nh kim loai R. b) Tnh % khoi lng cac muoi cacbonat trong hon hp au. ap so: a) Fe ; b) %MgCO3 = 42% va %FeCO3 = 58% Bai 14: Cho 4,58g hon hp A gom Zn, Fe va Cu vao coc ng dung dch CuSO 4 1M. Sau phan ng thu c dung dch B va ket tua C. nung C trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi c 6g chat ranD. Them NaOH d vao dung dch B, loc ket tua ra sach roi nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi c 5,2g chat ran E. a) Viet toan bo phan ng xay ra. b) Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp. Gia thiet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. ap so: %Zn = 28,38% ; %Fe = 36,68% va %Cu = 34,94% Bai 15 Cho 10,72g hon hp gom Fe va Cu tac dung vi 500ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c dung dch A va 35,84g chat ran B. Chng minh chat ran B khong phai hoan toan la bac. Bai 16: Cho 0,774g hon hp gom Zn va Cu tac dung vi 500ml dung dch AgNO3 0,04M. Sau khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c mot chat ran X nang 2,288g. Chng to rang chat X khong phai hoan toan la Ag. Bai 17: Khi hoa tan cung mot lng kim loai R vao dung dch HNO 3 loang va dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c kh NO va H2 co the tch bang nhau (o cung ieu kien). Biet khoi lng muoi nitrat thu c bang 159,21% khoi lng muoi sunfat. Xac nh kim loai R. ap so: R la Fe Bai 18. Cho 11,7g mot kim loai hoa tr II tac dung vi 350ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau khi phan ng xong thay kim loai van con d. Cung lng kim loai nay neu tac dung vi 200ml dung dch HCl 2M. Sau khi phan ng xong thay axit van con d. Xac nh kim loai noi tren. ap so: Zn Bai 19: Mot hon hp A gom M2CO3, MHCO3, MCl (M la kim loai kiem). Cho 43,71g A tac dung het vi V ml (d) dung dch HCl 10,52% (d = 105g/ml) thu c dung dch B va 17,6g kh C. Chia B lam 2 phan bang nhau. - Phan 1: phan ng va u vi 125ml dung dch KOH 0,8M, co can dung dch thu c m (gam) muoi khan. - Phan 2: tac dung hoan toan vi AgNO 3 d thu c 68,88g ket tua trang. 1. a) Tnh khoi lng nguyen t cua M. b) Tnh % ve khoi lng cac chat trong A. 2. Tnh gia tr cua V va m. Bai tap Hoa hoc 50 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch ap so: 1. a) Na ; b) %Na2CO3 = 72,75% , %NaHCO3= 19,22% va %NaCl = 8,03% 2. V = 297,4ml va m = 29,68g Bai 20: Hoa tan hoan toan 0,5g hon hp gom Fe va mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt (ktc) kh hiro. Xac nh kim loai hoa tr II a cho. ap so: Be Bai 21: Hoa tan hoan toan 28,4g hon hp gom 2 muoi cacbonat cua hai kim loai kiem tho bang dung dch HCl d c 10 lt kh (54,6 0C va 0,8604 atm) va dung dch X. a) Tnh tong so gam cac muoi trong dung dch X. b) Xac nh 2 kim loai tren neu chung thuoc hai chu ky lien tiep. c) Tnh % moi muoi trong hon hp. ap so: a) m = 31,7g ; b) Mg va Ca ; c) %MgCO 3 = 29,5% va %CaCO3 = 70,5%

Van e 1. o tan

DANG 10. TOAN VE O TAN VA TINH THE HIRAT.

Cau 1: Xac nh lng NaCl ket tinh tr lai khi lam lanh 548 gam dung dch muoi an bao hoa 50oC xuong OoC. Biet o tan cua NaCl 50 oC la 37 gam va OoC la 35 gam. S: mNaCl kettinh = 8( g ) Cau 2: Hoa tan 450g KNO3 vao 500g nc cat 2500C (dung dch X). Biet o tan cua KNO3 200C la32g. Hay xac nh khoi lng KNO3 tach ra khoi dung dch khi lam lanh dung dch X en 200C. S: mKNO3 tach ra khoi dd = 290( g ) Cau 3: Cho 0,2 mol CuO tan het trong dung dch H 2SO4 20% un nong (lng va u). Sau o lam nguoi dung dch en 100C. Tnh khoi lng tinh the CuSO4.5H2O a tach khoi dung dch, biet rang o tan cua CuSO4 100C la 17,4g. S: mCuSO4 .5H2O = 30, 7( g ) Cau 4. 200C can phai hoa tan bao nhieu gam muoi an vao nc e c 60 gam dung dch bao hoa . Biet o tan cua muoi nhiet o nay la 36 gam. Cau 5. o tan cua NaNO3 1000C la 180 g va 200C la 88 g. Ha nhiet o cua 84 gam dung dch NaNO3 bao hoa t 1000C xuong 200C. Hoi co bao nhieu gam NaNO3 tach ra.

Van e 2. Tinh the hirat.

Cau 1. Khi hoa tan 59,4 gam tinh the Zn(NO3)2.nH2O vao 440,6 ml nc th c dung dch Zn(NO3)2 co nong o 7,56%. Hay xac nh cong thc cua tinh the. Cau 2. Can hoa tan bao nhieu gam tinh the CuSO4.5H2O vao 200g dd CuSO4 4% e c dung dch CuSO4 co nong o 14%. Cau 3. Hoa tan 272 g tinh the CaCl2.6H2O vao mot lng nc va u tao ra 500 ml dung dch. a.Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch. b.Tnh nong o % cua dung dch biet D = 1,2g/ml. Cau 4. Mot dung dch CuSO4 co khoi lng rieng D = 1,04 g/ml. em co can 500ml dung dch nay cho ket tinh hoan toan th thu c 32,5 gam tinh the CuSO4.5H2O. Tnh nong o phan tram va nong o mol/l cua dung dch ban au. Cau 5. Hoa tan 100g tinh the CuSO4.5H2O vao 464ml dung dch CuSO4 1,25 M. Tnh nong o M cua dung dch mi.(biet the tch dung dch mi la 500ml). Bai tap Hoa hoc 51 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

DANG 11. TOAN TONG HP

Cau 1: Tron 100g dung dch cha mot muoi sunfat cua kim loai kiem nong o 13,2% vi 100g dung dch NaHCO 3 4,2%. Sau khi phan ng xong thu c dung dch A co khoi lng m (dd A) < 200g. Cho 100g dung dch BaCl 2 20,8% vao dung dch A, khi phan ng xong ngi ta thay dung dch van con d muoi sunfat. Neu them tiep vao o 20g dung dch BaCl 2 20,8% na th dung dich lai d BaCl 2 va luc nay thu c dung dch D. a) Hay xac nh cong thc muoi sunfat kim loai kiem ban au. b) Tnh nong o % cua cac chat tan trong dung dch A va dung dch D. c) Dung dch muoi sunfat kim loai kiem ban au co the tac dung c vi nhng chat nao di ay? Viet cac PTP: Na 2CO3 ; Ba(HCO3)2 ; Al2O3 ; NaAlO2 ; Na ; Al ; Ag ; Ag2O. Cau 2: Hoa tan hoan toan a gam kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi vao b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Them 240 gam dung dch NaHCO 3 7% vao dung dch D th va u tac dung het vi lng HCl con d, thu c dung dch E trong o nong o phan tram cua NaCl va muoi clorua kim loai M tng ng la 2,5% va 8,12%. Them tiep lng d dung dch NaOH vao E, sau o loc lay ket tua, roi nung en khoi lng khong oi th thu c 16 gam chat ran. Viet PTP. Xac nh kim loai M va nong o phan tram cua dung dch HCl a dung. Cau 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 14,2 gam hon hp C gom MgCO 3 va muoi cacbonat cua kim loai R vao axit HCl 7,3% va u, thu c dung dch D va 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nong o MgCl2 trong dung dch D bang 6,028%. a) Xac nh kim loai R va thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua moi chat trong C. b) Cho dd NaOH d vao dung dch D, loc lay ket tua roi nung ngoai khong kh en khi phan ng hoan toan. Tnh so gam chat ran con lai sau khi nung. Cau 4: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mat khac hoa tan hoan toan m gam kim loai M bang dung dch HNO3 loang, thu c muoi nitrat cua M, H 2O va cung V lt kh NO duy nhat (ktc). a) So sanh hoa tr cua M trong muoi clorua va muoi nitrat. b) Hoi M la kim loai nao? Biet rang khoi lng muoi nitrat tao thanh gap 1,905 lan khoi lng muoi clorua. Cau 5: Khi lam nguoi 1026,4g dung dch bao hoa muoi sunfat cua kim loai ngam nc, co cong thc M2SO4.H2O vi 7 < n < 12 t nhiet o 80 0C xuong nhiet o 100C th thay co 395,4g tinh the ngam nc tach ra. o tan cua muoi khan o 800C la 28,3 va 100C la 9g. Cau 6: Cho hai chat A va B (eu the kh) tng tac hoan toan vi nhau co mat xac tac th thu c mot hon hp kh X co t trong la 1,568g/l. Hon X co kha nang lam mat mau dung dch nc cua KMnO 4, nhng khong phan ng vi NaHCO3. Khi ot chay 0,896 lt hon hp kh X trong O 2 d, sau khi lam lanh san pham chay thu c 3,52 gam cacbon (IV) oxit va 1,085g dung dch chat Y. Dung dch chat Y khi cho tac dung va u vi dung dch AgNO 3 th thu c 1,435g mot ket tua trang, con dung dich thu c khi o cho tac dung vi dung dch NaHCO3 d th thu c 224 ml kh (the tch va t trong cua cac kh c ktc). a) Xac nh trong hon hp X co nhng kh nao va t le mol hay t le the tch la bao nhieu? b) Xac nh ten kh A, B va t le the tch a lay e phan ng. Bai tap Hoa hoc 52 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 7: Mot hon hp kim loai X gom 2 kim loai Y, Z co t so khoi lng 1 : 1. Trong 44,8g hon hp X, so hieu mol cua A va B la 0,05 mol. Mat khac nguyen t khoi Y > Z la 8. Xac nh kim loai Y va Z. Cau 8: Cho a gam Na tac dung vi p gam nc thu c dung dch NaOH nong o x%. Cho b gam Na 2O tac dung vi p gam nc cung thu c dung dch NaOH nong o x%. Lap bieu thc tn p theo a va b. Cau 9: Hoa tan 199,6g CuSO4.5H2O. Xac nh CuSO4 sach hay co lan tap chat. Biet rang o tan cua CuSO4 100C la 17,4. Cau 10: Hon hp M gom oxit cua mot kim loai hoa tr II va muoi cacbonat cua kim loai o c hoa tan het bang axit H 2SO4 loang va u tao ra kh N va dung dch L. em co can dung dch L thu c mot lng muoi khan bang 168% khoi lng M. Xac nh kim loai hoa tr II, biet kh N bang 44% khoi lng cua M. Cau 11: Cho hon hp gom 3 oxit: Al2O3, CuO va K2O. Tien hanh th nghiem: - Th nghiem 1: Neu cho hon hp A vao nc d, khay k thay con 15g chat ran khong tan. - Th nghiem 2: Neu cho them vao hon hp A mot lng Al 2O3 bang 50% lng Al2O3 trong A ban au roi lai hoa tan vao nc d. Sau th nghiem con lai 21g chat ran khong tan. - Th nghiem 3: Neu cho vao hon hp A mot lng Al 2O3 bang 75% lng Al2O3 trong A, roi lai hoa tan vao nc d, thay con lai 25g chat ran khong tan. Tnh khoi lng moi oxit trong hon hp A. Cau 12: Nung x1 gam Cu vi x2 gam O2 thu c chat ran A1. un nong A1 trong x3 gam H2SO4 98%, sau khi tan het thu c dung dch A 2 va kh A3. Hap thu toan bo A3 bang 200 ml NaOH 0,15M tao ra dung dch cha 2,3 gam muoi. Khi co can dung dch A2 thu c 30 gam tinh the CuSO 4.5H2O. Neu cho A2 tac dung vi dung dch NaOH 1M th e tao ra lng ket tua nhieu nhat phai dung het 300 ml NaOH. Viet PTP. Tnh x1, x2, x3. Bai 13: A la hon hp Fe + Fe2O3 Cho mot luong CO (d) i qua ong ng m gam hon hp A nung nong ti phan ng hoan toan th thu c 28,0 gam chat ran con lai trong ong. Hoa tan m gam hon hp A bang dung dch HCl d thay thoat ra 2,016 lt H 2 ( ktc) biet rang co 10% hiro mi sinh tham gia kh Fe 3+ thanh Fe2+. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp A. ap so: %Fe = 14,9% va %Fe2O3 = 85,1% Bai 14: Hoa tan hoan toan mot t oxit Fe xOy bang H2SO4 ac, nong thu c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Phan dung dch em co can c 120 gam muoi khan. Xac nh cong thc FexOy. ap so: Fe3O4 Bai 15: Hoa tan 26,64 gam chat X la tinh the muoi sunfat ngam nc cua kim loai M (hoa tr x) vao nc c dung dch A. Cho A tac dung vi dung dch NH 3 va u c ket tua B. Nung B nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi con lai 4,08 gam chat ran. Cho dung dch A tac dung vi dung dch BaCl 2 va u c 27,84 gam ket tua. Tm cong thc X. ap so: Al2(SO4)3.18H2O Bai 16: e hoa tan 4 gam FexOy can 52,14 ml dung dch HCl 10% (d = 1,05). Xac nh cong thc phan t sat oxit tren. ap so: Fe2O3 Bai 17: Cho ba kim loai X, Y, Z co khoi lng nguyen t theo t le 10 : 11 : 23. T le ve so mol trong hon hp cua 3 kim loai tren la 1 : 2 : 3 (hon hp A). Bai tap Hoa hoc 53 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Khi cho mot lng kim loai X bang lng cua no co trong 24,582 gam hon hp A tac dung vi dung dch HCl c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). 1 Neu cho hon hp A tac dung vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch 10 B va hon hp chat ran C. Xac nh X, Y, Z ap so: X (Mg) ; Y (Al) ; Z (Fe) Bai 18: Khi hoa tan cung mot kim loai R vao dung dch HNO 3 ac nong va H2SO4 loang th the tch NO2 thu c gap 3 the tch H2 trong cung ieu kien. Khoi lng muoi sunfat thu c bang 62,81% muoi nitrat. Tnh khoi lng nguyen t R. ap so: R = 56 (Fe) Bai 19: Cho oxit MxOy cua kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi. Biet rang 3,06 gam MxOy nguyen chat tan trong HNO3 d thu c 5,22 gam muoi. Hay xac nh cong thc cua oxit tren. ap so: BaO Bai 20: Cho 7,22 gam hon hp X gom Fe va kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi. Chia hon hp thanh 2 phan bang nhau. - Hoa tan het phan 1 trong dung dch HCl, c 2,128 lt H2. - Hoa tan het phan 2 trong dung dch HNO3, c 1,792 lt kh NO duy nhat. Xac nh kim loai M va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp X. ap so: M (Al) va %Fe = 77,56% ; %Al = 22,44% Bai 21: Hoa tan 2,84 hon hp 2 muoi cacbonat cua 2 kim loai A va B ke tiep nhau trong phan nhom chnh nhom II bang 120 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 0,896 lt kh CO2 (o 54,60C va 0,9 atm) va dung dch X. 1. a) Tnh khoi lng nguyen t cua A va B. a) Tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh trong dung dch X. 2. Tnh % khoi lng cua moi muoi trong hon hp ban au. ap so: 1. a) A = 24 (Mg) va B = 40 (Ca) b) Khoi lng muoi = 3,17g 2. % MgCO3 = 29,57% va % CaCO3 = 70,43% Bai 22: Chia hon hp 2 kim loai A, B co hoa tr n va m lam thanh 3 phan bang nhau. - Phan 1: hoa het trong axit HCl thu c 1,792 lt H2 (ktc). - Phan 2: cho tac dung vi dd NaOH d thu c 1,344 lt kh (ktc) va con 4 lai chat ran khong tan co khoi lng bang khoi lng moi phan. 13 - Phan 3: nung trong oxi (d) thu c 2,84g hon hp oxit A2On va B2Om. Tnh tong khoi lng moi phan va ten 2 kim loai A, B. = 1,56 g ; A (Al) va B (Mg) ap so: mmo i pha n Cau 23. Cho 3,6g mot kim loai R co hoa tr II khong oi, tac dung vi 400ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c 3360ml kh H2 dktc va dung dch X. a. Xac nh ten nguyen to R. b. Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat trong dung dch X (gia s the tch dung dch khong oi). c. Tm the the tch dung dch NaOH 20% (d=1,1g/ml) can e phan ng het 200ml dung dch X. Cau 24. Cho 31,84g hon hp NaX, NaY (X, Y la 2 halogen hai chu k lien tiep) vao dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 57,34g ket tua. a. Tm cong thc cua NaX, NaY. b. Tnh khoi lng moi muoi. (e H 2000) Bai tap Hoa hoc 54 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau 25. Co 1 dung dch muoi clorua kim loai. Cho mot tam sat nang 10g vao 100ml dung dch tren, phan ng xong khoi lng tam kim loai la 10,1g. lai bo them moy tam caimi (Cd) 10g vao 100ml dung dch muoi clorua tren, phan ng xong khoi lng tam kim loai la 9,4g. a. Xac nh cong thc phan t muoi clorua kim loai. b. Nong o mol dung dch muoi clorua kim loai. Cau 26. X, Y la hai nguyen to halogen thuoc chu k lien tiep trong bang he thong tuan hoan. Hon hp A co cha 2 muoi cua X, Y vi natri. a. e ket tua hoan toan 2,2g hon hp A, phai dung 150ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2 M. Tnh lng ket tua thu c? b. Xac nh hai nguyen to X, Y. Cau 27. Hai coc ng dung dch HCl at tren hai a can A va B, can trang thai thang bang. cho a (g) CaCO3 vao coc A va b (g) M2CO3 (M la kim loai kiem) vao coc B. Sau phan ng hai muoi tan hoan toan, can tr lai v tr can bang. Tnh nguyen t khoi cua M theo a va b Ap dung cho a = 5g, b =4,8g. xac nh M.

Dang1. Bai toan lien quan phan ng chay Chu e : Xac nh cong thc phan t
Cau1.Phan t hp chat hu c A co 2 nguyen to. Khi ot chay 3 gam chat A thu c 5,4 gam nc. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t cua A biet khoi lng mol cua A la 30 gam. Cau2. ot chay 3 gam chat hu c A thu c 8,8 g kh CO2 va 5,4 gam H2O. a.Trong A co cha nguyen to nao? b.Biet phan t khoi cua A nho hn 40. Tm cong thc phan t cua A. Cau3.ot chay 4,6 gam chat hu c A thu c 8,8 gam CO2 va 5,4 gam H2O. a.Trong A co nguyen to nao? b.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A biet ty khoi hi cua A so vi H 2 la 23. Cau4.ot chay hoan toan hon hp X gom 2 hydro cacbon co cung cong thc tong quat. Hap thu hoan toan san pham chay vao 1,8 l dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c ket tua va khoi lng dung dch tang 3,78g. Cho Ba(OH) 2 vao dung dch thu c ket tua va khoi lng tong cong ca 2 lan la 18,85g. Ty khoi cua X vi H2 nho hn 20. Xac nh cong thc chung cua 2 hydro cacbon trong hon hp X. Cau5.Hon hp X gom 2 hydro cacbon mach thang A, B va khoi lng phan t cua A nho hn khoi lng phan t cua B. Trong X, A chiem 75% ve the tch. ot chay hoan toan X cho san pham chay hap thu qua bnh cha dd Ba(OH) 2 d, sau th nghiem khoi lng dung dch trong bnh giam 12,78g ong thi thu c19,7g ket tua.Biet ty khoi hi cua X oi vi hidro bang 18,5 va A,B co cung cong thc tong quat. a.Tm cong thc chung cua A,B. b.Tm cong thc phan t cua A, B. Cau6.ot chay V lit kh(ktc) hai hidrocacbon co cung cong thc tong quat va hn kem nhau 2C tao thanh 39,6g CO2 va 10,8g H2O. a.Xac nh cong thc tong quat cua hai hidro cacbon. b.Xac nh cong thc phan t moi hidro cacbon biet so nguyen t C cua chung nho hn 5. Cau7.ot chay hoan toan 2,8g mot hp chat hu c X roi cho toan bo san pham vao NaOH th dung dch nay tang them12,4g, thu c 2 muoi co khoi Bai tap Hoa hoc 55 T: 0978664738

1.BAI TAP VE HIDRO CACBON

HOA HU C

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch lng tong cong 19g va 2 muoi nay co ty le so mol 1 : 1. Xac nh cong thc tong quat cua X. Biet X co the la ankan hoac anken. Cau8 ot chay hoan toan 2,8 g chat hu c X can 6,72lit O2(ktc) ch tao ra CO2 va hi nc co the tch bang nhau trong cung ieu kien. Neu cho 2,8 g X vao dd Br2 d th thu c 9,2g san pham cong. Tm cong thc phan t cua X. Cau9.ot chay 560 cm3 hai kh hidro cacbon co cung so nguyen t C thu c 4,4g CO2 va 1,9125g hi nc.Xac nh cong thc phan t cac hidro cacbon. Cau10. ot 10 cm3 mot hidrocacbon bang 80 cm3 O2(d). San pham thu c khi cho nc ngng tu con 65 cm3 trong o co 25cm3 la oxi(cac kh o ktc). Xac nh cong thc phan t cua hidro cacbon. Cau11. Khi ot chay mot hp chat hu c ngi ta c 1,12 lit CO2 (o ktc) va 1,08 g H2O. Khoi lng phan t cua hp chat bang 72. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua hp chat ; biet rang khi tac dung vi clo (co askt) sinh ra 4 san pham the cha mot nguyen t clo trong phan t. Cau12. ot chay 3 lit hon hp hai hidrocacbon no ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang, dan san pham lan lt qua bnh (1) ng CaCl2 khan roi bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghiem khoi lng bnh (1) tang 6,43g, bnh (2) tang 9,82g. Lap cong thc hai hidrocacbon va tnh ham lng % (theo the tch ) cua hai hidrocacbon trong hon hp. ( cac the tch kh o ktc). Cau13. Khi ot chay 1 the tch hidrocacbon A can 6 the tch oxi va sinh ra 4 the tch CO2; A co the lam mat mau dung dch brom va co the ket hp hidro tao thanh mot hidrocacbon no mach nhanh. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A va viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc . Cau14. Khi ot 5,6 lit mot hp chat hu c the kh, ngi ta thu c 16,8 lit CO2 va 13,5g hi nc. 1 lit chat o co khoi lng 1,875g. Tm cong thc phan t , viet cong thc cau tao cua no, biet cac the tch c o ktc; chat hu c noi tren co kha nang lam mat mau nc brom hoac dd thuoc tm. Cau15. Khi ot chay mot hon hp gom mot hidrocacbon kh, mach h va oxi d trong bnh kh th ap suat trong bnh trc va sau khi phan ng bang nhau. Cac ap suat c o nhiet o khong oi tren 1000C. Hon hp co the gom oxi va hidrocacbon nao a hoc? Cau16.ot chay hoan toan mot the tch hidrocacbon X can 4,5 the tch kh oxi thu c 3 the tch kh CO2. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua X. Biet cac kh eu c o cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat. Cau17. ot chay hoan toan 12,4g hp chat hu c Y (ch cha C, H, O) roi cho toan bo san pham lan lt qua bnh ng axit sunfuric ac va dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Ket qua la khoi lng bnh ng axit sunfuric tang 10,8 g va bnh ng Ca(OH)2 thay co 40 g ket tua trang. Biet MY = 62 (g). a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua Y. b.Viet tat ca cac cong thc cau tao co the co cua Y. c.Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua Y, biet chat nay tac dung vi ong II hidroxit trong moi trng kiem tao ra dung dch mau xanh lam. Cau18.Hp chat hu c X (cha cac nguyen to C, H, N), co khoi lng mol phan t bang 45g.ot chay 0,1 mol X cho 1,12 lt N2 (ktc). a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua X. b.Viet tat ca cong thc cau tao co the co cua X, biet N co hoa tr III. Cau19.ot chay hoan toan 748ml (ktc) mot hidrocacbon A thu c 3,08g CO2 va 0,63g nc. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A. Cho A phan ng vi dd brom d, tnh khoi lng san pham tao thanh. Cau20.Tron 200ml hidrocacbon Z vi 1400 ml kh oxi (d) roi ot e phan ng xay ra hoan toan. a hon hp san pham ve nhiet o ban au(hi nc Bai tap Hoa hoc 56 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch ngng tu) th c the tch la 900 ml. dan hon hp san pham nay qua bnh ng dd NaOH d thay co 100ml kh thoat ra. Coi the tch chat long khong ang ke so vi chat kh. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua Z.Viet cac cong thc cau tao co the co cua Z. Cau21.ot chay hoan toan 6,2 gam hp chat hu c B (ch cha C, H, O). dan toan bo san pham lan lt qua hai bnh sau: bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 ac, bnh 2 ng dd KOH d, thay khoi lng bnh 1 tang 5,4g, bnh 2 tang 8,8g a.Tm cong thc phan t cua B. b.Neu thay th t cac bnh th khoi lng cac bnh tang bao nhieu gam? Cau22.ot chay hoan toan 4,6 gam hp chat hu c E thu c kh cacbonic va hi nc. sau phan ng dan toan bo hon hp san pham qua bnh ng dd Ca(OH)2 d thay khoi lng bnh tang 14,2g va co 20g ket tua. tm cong thc phan t cua E. Cau23. ot chay hoan toan mot mau hidrocacbon ngi ta thay the tch hi nc sinh ra gap 1,2 lan the tch kh cacbonic (o cung ieu kien). Biet rang hidrocacbon o ch tao thanh mot dan xuat monoclo duy nhat. Xac nh cong thc cau tao va goi ten hidrocacbon o. Cau24.Khi oxi hoa hoan toan mot hidrocacbon X thu c 20 cm3 CO2 va 15cm3 hi H2O ( o cung ieu kien nhiet o va ap suat). a. Tm cong thc nguyen cua X. b.X tac dung va u vi H2 theo t le mol 1: 2. Tm cong thc phan t cua X. c. X tac dung vi Br2 theo t le mol 1: 1 tao ra hai san pham ong phan. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua X.

Chu e : Toan hon hp

Cau1. ot chay 56 ml hon hp kh metan va axetilen can dung 134,4 ml kh oxi. a.Tnh % the tch moi kh trong hon hp. b.Tnh the tch kh CO2 sinh ra. (Cac kh o cung k nhiet o va ap suat) Cau2.ot chay V lt kh thien nhien cha 96% CH4, 2%N2 va 2% CO2 ve the tch. Toan bo san pham chay c dan qua dd Ca(OH) 2 d thay tao ra 4,9g ket tua. a.Viet pthh xay ra. b.Tnh V. Cau3. Tron 2 the tch bang nhau cua C3H8 va O2 roi bat tia la ien ot chay hon hp. Sau o ngi ta lam lanh e hi nc ngng tu roi a ve ieu kien ban au. Hoi the tch hon hp san pham phan ng thay oi nh the nao so vi ban au? Cau4. ot chay 13,7ml hon hp A gom metan, propan, va cacbon (II)oxit, ta thu c 25,7 ml kh CO2 cung ieu kien nhiet o va ap suat. a.Tnh the tch propan trong hon hp A. b.Hon hp A nhe hn hay nang hn nit? Cau5. T khoi cua hon hp gom metan va etan so vi khong kh bang 0,6. Hoi phai dung bao nhieu lit kh oxi e ot chay hoan toan 3 lit hon hp o. Tnh khoi lng moi san pham sinh ra . The tch cac kh c o ktc. Cau6. Tnh the tch toi thieu dung dch NaOH 8% (D=1,1g/ml) e hap thu het lng kh CO2 tao thanh khi ot chay 2,12 mot hidrocacbon no co 32 nguyen t hidro trong phan t.

Bai tap Hoa hoc

57

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau7. Kh cacbonic sinh ra khi ot 33,6 lit hon hp propan va butan c dan vao dd NaOH, tao ra 286,2g Na2CO3 va 252g NaHCO3. Hay xac nh thanh phan theo the tch cua hon hp hai hidrocacbon tren. Cac the tch kh o ktc. Cau20. Cho 11,2 lit kh H2 (ktc) i qua than ot nong 500 co xuc tac Ni c kh A: ot chay hoan toan kh A va cho san pham hap thu vao 200 ml dung dch NaOH 10% (D= 1,1g/ml). Hoi thu c muoi g khoi lng la bao nhieu? (hieu suat phan ng la 100%). Cau8. ot chay 22,4 dm3 hon hp metan va axetilen thu c 35,84 dm3 CO2. a.Hay tnh so mol metan va so mol axetilen co trong 22,4 dm3 hon hp. b.Tnh so gam oxi can thiet e ot chay hoan toan 22,4 cm3 hon hp kh o. c.Tnh t khoi cua hon hp kh o oi vi khong kh. Cac the tch kh c o ktc. Cau9. trong mot bnh kn 1500C, cha hon hp kh gom 1 the tch axetilen va 2 the tch oxi. Ap suat cua bnh thay oi the nao sau khi ot axetilen bang chnh oxi co trong bnh roi a ve nhiet o ban au? Cau10. Mot hon hp gom axetilen, propilen va metan. ot 11 g hon hp, thu c 12,6g nc. 11,2 dm3 hon hp (o ktc) phan ng va u vi mot dung dch cha 100g brom. Hay xac nh thanh phan % the tch cua hon hp au. Cau11. Mot hon hp gom hidro, mot ankan va mot ankin. Hai hidrocacbon nay co cung so nguyen t C. ot 100 cm3 hon hp tren, thu c 210 cm3 kh CO2. Neu un nong 100 cm3 hon hp vi bot Ni th ch con 70 cm3 mot hidro cacbon duy nhat. Cac the tch kh c o cung ieu kien. a.Tm cong thc phan t cua 2 hidrocacbon tren va thanh phan % theo the tch hon hp au. b.Tnh the tch kh oxi can e ot chay 100cm3 hon hp. Cau12.ot chay hoan toan 7,83g kh butan bang oxi khong kh.Dan hon hp san pham qua bnh ng NaOH d. a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. Khoi lng bnh ng dung dch NaOH tang len bao nhieu gam? b.Tnh the tch khong kh (ktc) toi thieu can dung e ot chay lng kh butan tren ? biet oxi chiem 1/5 the tch khong kh, nito khong phan ng vi oxi khong kh. Cau13.ot chay het 35,4g mot hp chat hu c co cong thc phan t la C3H9N sinh ra CO2, H2O va N2. Dan hon hp san pham vao bnh ng dung dch nc voi trong d ( Ca(OH)2). a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh the tch kh nito sinh ra (ktc) va khoi lng ket tua tao thanh. c.Ra sach ket tua roi em nung en khoi lng khong oi thu c m gam chat ran. Tnh m. Cau14. ot chay hoan toan mot loai kh thien nhien co thanh phan % ve the tch nh sau: CH4 (90%); C2H6(7%); N2(1%); CO2(2%). a.Tnh the tch oxi can e ot chay 16,8 dm3 kh thien nhien o . b.Neu thay oxi bang khong kh th phai dung bao nhieu lit khong kh. c.Dan toan bo hon hp san pham phan ng qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d. Tnh khoi lng ket tua tao thanh. Cau15.ot chay hoan toan 11,9 gam hon hp gom C2H4 va C2H6 trong o etilen chiem 47,059% ve khoi lng. Dan hon hp san pham lan lt qua hai bnh sau: bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 ac, bnh 2 ng dd KOH d; a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b.Khoi lng hai bnh ng dung dch H2SO4 va dung dch KOH thay oi nh the nao? c.Neu oi th t 2 bnh th khoi lng hai bnh thay oi nh the nao? Cau16.ot chay 11,2 lit hon hp gom C4H10, va C3H6 sinh ra 28,8 gam nc. Bai tap Hoa hoc 58 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch a.Tnh thanh phan % theo so mol cac chat trong hon hp tren. b. Suc 560ml (ktc) hon hp tren vao bnh ng dung dch brom d thay co Vml kh (ktc) thoat ra. Tnh V va khoi lng brom a tham gia phan ng? Cau17. Hon hp kh A cha metan, axetilen va propen. ot chay hoan toan 11,0 g hon hp A, thu c 12,6 gam nc. Mat khac , neu lay 11,2 lt A (ktc) em dan qua nc brom d th thay khoi lng brom nguyen chat phan ng toi a la 100g. Hay xac nh % theo khoi lng va theo the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A. Cau18. Tm the tch O2 (ktc) dung e ot chay hoan toan 2,464 lt hon hp hai an kan o 27,30C, 2atm. Biet rang khoi lng hon hp la 10,2g

Dang2. Bai toan lien quan en phan ng cong (H2 , dd Br2) Chu e : Xac nh cong thc phan t

Cau1.Cho hon hp 2 anken qua nc Brom d thay khoi lng bnh tang 16,8g. Hay tm cong thc phan t cua chung biet so C khong qua 5. Cau2. Mot hon hp 2 hidro cacbon mach h: cho 1680 ml hon hp tren i qua nc brom d. Sau phan ng hoan toan con lai 1120ml va lng brom tham gia phan ng la 4g. Mat khac neu ot chay hoan toan 1680 ml hon hp tren roi cho vao nc voi trong d th thu c 12,5g ket tua. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua 2 hidrocacbon. Cau3. khi cho mot hidrocacbon no tac dung vi brom, ch thu c mot dan xuat cha brom co t khoi hi oi vi khong kh la 5,207. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua cac hidrocacbon o va viet cau tao cac ong phan. Cho biet ong phan nao la cong thc cau tao cua hidrocacbon noi tren va goi ten cua no. Cau4. a.Co mot hidrocacbon ong ang cua etilen; 0,21g hidrocacbon o ket hp c vi 0,8g brom. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua hidrocacbon o va cho biet neu thay brom bang clo th phai dung bao nhieu cm3 clo (o ktc). b.Mot ong phan khac cua etilen; c 7 g hidrocacbon ket hp c vi 16 g brom. Hay viet cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua tat ca cac ong phan ng vi cong thc phan t o. Cau5. Mot hon hp gom 2 olefin kh la ong ang ke tiep nhau. Neu cho 1,792 lit hon hp A ( 00C ; 2,5 at) qua bnh dung dch brom d, ngi ta thay khoi lng bnh tang them 7 g. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cac olefin. b.Tnh thanh phan % the tch cua hon hp A. c.Neu ot chay cung the tch tren cua hon hp A va cho tat ca san pham vao 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M th se thu c nhng muoi g? Khoi lng la bao nhieu? Cau6. X, Y la hai anken ke tiep trong day ong ang. Hon hp gom 0,56g X va 0,105g Y tac dung va u vi 20g dung dch brom 10%. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua X, Y. b.X, Y khi tac dung vi HCl cho toi a 3 san pham . Tm cong thc cau tao va goi ten X, Y. Cau7. 0,7g mot anken co the lam mat mau 16g dung dch brom (trong CCl4) co nong o 12,5%. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A. b.Viet cong thc cau tao cua tat ca cac ong phan cau tao ng vi cong thc phan t tm c. Goi ten tng ong phan.

Chu e: Toan hon hp

Cau1.Cho 11,2 lit(ktc) hon hp kh C2H4, C2H2 tac dung het vi dung dch brom d, lng brom tham gia phan ng la 11,2g. Bai tap Hoa hoc 59 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch a.Hay viet pthh. b.Tnh % the tch moi kh trong hon hp. Cau2. Cho etilen vao bnh cha brom long tao ra 1,2 ibrometan. a.Tnh the tch etilen(ktc) a tac dung vi brom biet rang sau khi can lai thay bnh bang them 14g. b.Tnh khoi lng brom co the ket hp vi 33,6 lit etilen (o ktc). Cau3. Cho 3,36 lit hon hp gom mot ankan va mot anken i qua dd brom thay co 8 g brom tham gia phan ng . Khoi lng cua 6,72 lit hon hp o la 13 g. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua 2 hidrocacbon. b.ot chay 3,36 lit hon hon o th thu c bao nhieu lit kh CO2 va bao nhieu gam nc. Cac the tch kh c o ktc. Cau4. Cho 2,24 lit mot hon hp A gom etan, propan, propilen suc qua dd brom d, thay khoi lng bnh tang them 2,1 g. Neu ot chay kh con lai se thu c mot lng CO2 va 3,24g H2O. a.Tnh % the tch moi kh . b.Dan lng CO2 noi tren vao bnh ng 200 ml dung dch KOH 2,6 M. Hay xac nh nong o M cac chat trong dd sau phan ng. Cau5. Tnh khoi lng brom toi a co the ket hp vi 1,68 lit buta-1,3-ien (o ktc). Cau6.Dan 19,04 lit hon hp gom C2H4, C2H2 va CH4 qua bnh ng dung dch nc brom d thay co 6,72 lit kh thoat ra va 120 g brom phan ng. Tnh % theo khoi lngcuar tng kh trong hon hp. Cac the tch eu o ktc. Cau7.Vi 3,024 lit hon hp kh C2H4 va C2H6 lam mat mau va het 100ml dung dch brom 0,5M. a.e ot chay hoan toan 6,048 lit hon hp tren can bao nhieu dm3 oxi ktc. b.Dan toan bo san pham chay tren vao 300ml dung dch NaOH 2,7M thu c dung dch X.Tnh nong o mol/l cac chat trong dung dch X. Coi the tch dung dch khong thay oi. Cau8. A va B la hai anken (MA < MB) - Hon hp A,B c tron theo so mol bang nhau th 12,6g hon hp tac dung va u 32g brom trong dung dch. - Hon hp A, B c tron theo khoi lng bang nhau th 16,8g hon hp tac dung va u 0,6g H2. Tm cong thc phan t cua A, B. Cau9.Dan 19,04 lt hon hp kh gom C2H4, C2H2 va CH4 qua bnh ng dung dch nc brom d thay co 6,72 lt kh thoat ra va 120g brom phan ng. Tnh thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua tng kh trong hon hp.Cac the tch kh o ktc. Cau10. Hon hp kh C2H4 va C2H6 co the tch 3,36 lit lam mat mau va het 100ml dung dch brom 0,5M. e ot chay hoan toan 4,48 lt hon hp kh tren can bao nhieu lt oxi. Cac kh eu o ktc. Cau11. Hon hp kh A cha eten va hidro. T khoi cua A oi vi hidro la 7,5. Dan A i qua chat xuc tac Ni nung nong th A bien thanh hon hp kh B co t khoi oi vi hidro la 9,0. Tnh hieu suat phan ng cong hidro cua eten. Cau12. Hon hp kh A cha hidro va mot anken. T khoi cua A oi vi hidro la 6,0. un nong nhe hon hp A co mat chat xuc tac Ni th A bien thanh hon hp kh B khong lam mat mau dung dch brom va co t khoi oi vi hidro la 8,0. Xac nh cong thc phan t va phan tram the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A va B. Cau13. Hon hp A cha hidro va 2 anken ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang. T khoi cua A oi vi hidro la 8,26. un nong nhe hon hp A co mat chat Bai tap Hoa hoc 60 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch xuc tac Ni th A bien thanh hon hp kh B khong lam mat mau nc brom va co t khoi oi vi hidro la 11,8. Xac nh cong thc phan t va % the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A va B. Cau14. Hon hp kh A cha hidro, mot ankan va mot anken. Dan 13,44 lt kh A i qua chat xuc tac Ni nung nong th thu c 10,08 lt hon hp kh B. Dan B i qua bnh ng nc brom th mau cua dung dch nhat i, khoi lng cua bnh tang them 3,15g. Sau th nghiem, con lai 8,4 lt hon hp kh C co t khoi oi vi hidro la 17,8. Biet cac the tch c o ktc va cac phan ng eu xay ra hoan toan. Xac nh cong thc phan t va % the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A, B, C. Cau15.Hon hp kh A cha hidro, mot ankan va mot anken. ot chay hoan toan 100ml A, thu c 210 ml kh CO2. Neu un nong nhe 100 ml A co mat chat xuc tac Ni th con lai 70ml mot chat kh duy nhat . Cac the tch kh eu o cung mot ieu kien. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t va % the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A. b.Tnh the tch oxi va u e ot chay hoan toan 100ml A. Cau16. Mot hon hp kh A cha hidro va mot ankin. T khoi cua A oi vi hidro la 4,8. un nong hon hp A co mat chat xuc tac Ni th phan ng xay ra vi hieu suat c coi 1005, tao ra hon hp kh B khong lam mat mau nc brom va co t khoi oi vi hidro la 8,0. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t va % ve the tch cua tng chat trong hon hp A, B. Cau17.Hon hp kh A cha C2H2 va H2. T khoi cua A oi vi hidro la 5,0. dan 20,16 lt A i qua chat xuc tac Ni nung nong th no bien thanh 10,08 lt hon hp kh B. Dan hon hp kh B qua bnh ng nc brom d thay con lai 7,39 lt hon hp kh C. Cac the tch kh c o ktc. a.Tnh % the tch tng chat trong hon hp A, B, C. b.Khoi lng bnh nc brom tang them bao nhieu gam? Cau18. Cho 123,2 lt H2 i qua than ot nong 500 0C, Ni xuc tac thu c hon hp 2 kh , trong o H2 chiem 1/6 the tch. ot hon hp (ktc) roi cho san pham tao thanh vao bnh cha 1,5lit dd NaOH 10% (D=1,1g/ml). Tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh trong dung dch.

Dang3.Cac bai tap khac

Cau1.Hai ankan A va B hn kem nhau 1C, co khoi lng 24,8 g , the tch tng ng la11,2 lit(ktc). Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A, B. Cau2. Mot ankan co thanh phan nguyen to : %C = 84,21; %H = 15,79; t khoi hi oi vi khong kh bang 3,93. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua ankan. b.Cho biet o la n ankan, hay viet cong thc cau tao va goi ten. c.Tnh thanh phan the tch cua hon hp hi gom ankan o va khong kh e co kha nang no manh nhat (biet khong kh co 20% la oxi). d.Neu cho no 100 lit hon hp tren th c bao nhieu lit CO2. Cac the tch kh c o cung ieu kien). Cau3. Khi nung chat ran A va B sinh ra mot kh C va mot chat ran D. ot mot the tch kh C sinh ra mot the tch kh E va mot chat long G. Neu cho D vao dung dch HCl co the thu c E. Cho biet A, B, C, D, E, G la nhng chat g? Viet phng trnh phan ng. Cau4. Cho 2 hidrocacbon A va B eu the kh co cong thc lan lt la C2xHy va CxH2x (x la nh nhau). Lap cong thc phan t cua A va B biet rang t khoi cua A oi vi khong kh bang 2 va t khoi cua B oi vi A la 0,482. Viet cong thc cau tao cac ong phan cua A vaB va goi ten chung. Bai tap Hoa hoc 61 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau5.Sau khi tach hidro , hon hp etan va propan tao thanh hon hp etilen va propilen. Khoi lng phan t trung bnh cua hon hp etilen va propilen nho hn khoi lng phan t trung bnh cua hon hp au la 6,55%. Hay xac nh % hon hp au theo the tch. Cau6. Ngi ta muon ieu che 21 g etilen: a. Tnh khoi lng ru etylic nguyen chat phai dung, neu hieu suat la 100%. b. Tnh the tch etan (o ktc) phai dung neu hieu suat la 80%. Cau7. Cho canxi cacbua k thuat (co cha 80% CaC2 nguyen chat) vao mot lng nc co d th c 8,96 lit kh (ktc). Tnh: a.Khoi lng canxi cacbua k thuat a dung. b.The tch oxi can e ot chay hoan toan lng kh sinh ra. Cau8. Mot hon hp kh gom 2 hidrocacbon mach h. T khoi cua hon hp so vi hidro la 17. ktc, trong bong toi, 400 cm3 hon hp tac dung va u vi 71,4 cm3 dung dch brom 0,2 M. Sau phan ng the tch kh con lai 240 cm3. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t, viet cong thc cau tao cua hai hidrocacbon; cac the tch kh c o ktc. Cau9. Viet phng trnh phan ng ieu che axetilen t metan. a.Tnh the tch metan can dung e thu c 91g axetilen?Biet hieu suat phan ng tren la 85%. b.Neu dung kh thien nhien co cha 95% metan th phai dung bao nhieu lit kh thien nhien(ktc)? Cau10.Thc hien phan ng the clo vao CH4 theo t le 1:1. a.Tnh khoi lng san pham thu c khi cho 526,4ml(ktc) CH4 phan ng. b.Cho HCl tao thanh tren phan ng hoan toan vi dd AgNO3 , tnh khoi lng ket tua tao thanh.

1.viet cong thc cau tao thu gon nhat cua cac chat sau: a. Isopentan b.Neopentan c. n hexan d. 2,3 imetylbutan e. 3 etyl 2 metylheptan g. 3,3 ietylpentan 2. Viet cong thc cau tao cua cac mono xicloankan sau: a. Metylxiclopropan. b. imetylxiclopropan c. metylxiclohexan d. 1,2 imetylxiclohexan e. 1,3 imetylxiclohexan g. 1 etyl 4 metylxiclohexan 3.Viet cong thc cau tao thu gon va goi ten cac hidrocacbon no co cong thc C6H14 va C5H12 4.oc ten cac chat sau:
CH 3 CH 3

CH3 - C

CH -CH2 - C - CH2 - CH3

CH - CH 3 CH3 CH 3

C 2H 5
Cl

CH3 - C

CH2 -CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

CH3

C2H5

5. Cho isopentan tac dung Cl2 theo t le 1: 1 trong ieu kien chieu sang tao c bao nhieu dan xuat monoclo. Viet phan ng va goi ten dan xuat. 6. Viet cac phan ng theo cac day bien hoa sau: Bai tap Hoa hoc 62 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch a. n butan etan etylclorua butan metan b. axit axetic natri axetat metan axetilen 7. Cho m g an kan A tac dung vi Cl2 chieu sang ch thu c mot dan xuat monoclo duy nhat B co khoi lng 8,52g. e trung hoa het kh HCl can 80ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Xac nh cau tao A, B. 8. Hoan thanh cac phan ng sau: a.propylen + HBr b.Isobuten + H2SO4 c.Buten 2 + H2O d.Isobuten + KMnO4 e.Trung hp isobuten f.2,3 ibrombuten + Zn g. 2 clo 2 metylbutan + KOH h. 2,3 ibrombutan + KOH 9. Viet cong thc cau tao va goi ten cac ankadien co cong thc phan t C4H6 va C5H8. 10. Viet phng trnh phan ng cua isopren + Br2(1:1) +HCl(1:1) + trung hp kieu 1,4 va 1,2 TN 1.Mot ankan co ten oc sai la : 2,3,4 trietylpentan. Ten ung theo danh phap quoc te la: a. 3 metyl 4,5 ietyl hexan. B. 4 etyl -3,5 imetylheptan c.3,4 ietyl 5 metylhexan d. 1,2,3 trietyl 1,3 imetylpropan. 2.Cho tat ca ankan the kh, k thng tac dung Cl2 theo t le 1: 1 tao ra bao nhieu dan xuat monoclo tat ca? a.4 b.6 c.8 d.10 3.Clo hoa 1 ankan theo t le 1:1 c dan xuat monoclo duy nhat co %Cl =33,33% ve khoi lng. Ankan o la: a.n pentan b.isopentan c.neo-pentan d.n butan 4.Dan hon hp kh A gom propan va xiclopropan i vao dung dch brom se quan sat thay hien tng nao sau ay? a.mau dung dch nhat dan khong co kh thoat ra. b.Mau dung dch khong oi. c.Mau dung dch nhat dan va co kh thoat ra. d.Mau dung dch mat han va khong co kh thoat ra. 5.T le the tch gia CH4 va O2 la bao nhieu e hon hp hai kh no manh nhat? a. 1 : 1 b. 2: 3 c. 2:1 d. 1: 2 6.ot chay hoan toan mot hidrocacbon no X thu c 22,4 lt CO2 (ktc) va 27g H2O. Chat hu c X la chat nao sau ay: a. CH4 b.C2H4 c.C2H6 d.C3H8 7. 22,4 lt (ktc) chat hu c X lam mat mau va het 100 ml dd brom 1M. Vay X la chat nao sau ay ( biet X co khoi lng phan t so vi H2 la 14) a. C2H2 b.C2H4 c.C3H6 d.C4H8 8.Mot hp chat hu c X co cha 75% la C va 25% la H. Vay X la chat nao sau ay? a. CH4 b.C2H4 c.C2H2 d.Tat ca eu sai 9. ot chay hoan toan 4,5g hp chat hu c X cha C,H,O th thu c 9,9g kh CO2 va 5,4g H2O. Khoi lng phan t cua X bang 60. Vay X la : Bai tap Hoa hoc 63 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch a.C2H5OH b.CH3COOH c.C3H8O3 d. A, B eu ung 10. ot chay hoan toan 9g hp chat hu c X cha C,H,O th thu c 6.72 lt kh CO2 va 5,4g H2O. biet 1 lt hi kh X (ktc) nang 2,679 g. Vay cong thc phan t cua X la : a.C2H5OH b.CH3COOH c.C3H8O d. C3H6O2 11. ot chay hoan toan 6,9g hp chat hu c X cha C,H,O th can dung 10,08 lt oxi (ktc)thu c kh CO2 va H2O theo t le the tch la 2: 3. Biet 1 lt hi kh X (ktc) nang 2,0535 g. Vay cong thc phan t cua X la : a.C2H5O b.CH4O c.C3H8O d. C2H4O2 12. e trung hoa 5,9g axit cacboxylic X can 200ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Mat khac, ot chay hoan toan lng X tren th thu c 8,8g kh CO2. Biet Mx < 75. Vay cong thc X la: a. HCOOH b.CH3COOH c.C4H5O2 d.Ket qua khac 13.ot chay hoan toan hidrocacbon khong no X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) va 7,2g nc . X la chat hu c nao sau ay: a.C4H8 b.C2H2 c.C3H4 14. Mot hp chat hu c X co thanh phan nguyen to nh sau: 54,5%C, 9,1%H va 36,4% O va co t khoi hi cua no so vi CO2 bang 2 . X la chat hu c nao sau ay: a. C2H4O2 b.C3H8O c.C4H8O2 d.Ket qua khac

2.BAI TAP VE RU
Cau1.Cho Na tac dung vi 1,06g hon hp 2 ru no n chc lien tiep nhau trong day ong ang thay thoat ra 224ml hidro( ktc). Xac nh cong thc phan t moi ru. Cau2.ot chay hoan toan 23g ru etylic a.Tnh the tch CO2 tao ra(ktc). b.Tnh the tch khong kh can dung cho phan ng tren biet oxi chiem 20% the tch khong kh. Cau3.Tren cac chai ru co ghi cac so, v du 450, 200, 150. a.Hay giai thch y ngha cac so tren. b.Tnh so ml ru etylic co trong 500 ml ru 400. c.Co the pha c bao nhieu ml ru 250 t 500ml ru 400 tren. Cau4.ot chay 23g A thu c 44g CO2 va 27g H2O. a.Hoi A co hng nguyen to nao? b.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A biet ty khoi hi cua A so vi H 2 la 23. Cau5.Cho 22,4lit kh etylen(ktc) tac dung vi nc co axitsunfuric lam xuc tac, thu c 13,8g ru etylic. Hay tnh hieu suat cua phan ng. Cau6.Tm cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua mot ru dang ROH, biet 0,32g ru tac dung het vi natri giai phong 112 ml H2 (ktc). Cau7.ot 3 gam chat hu c A cha C, H, O thu c 6,6 gam kh CO2 va 3,6 g H2O. a.Hay xac nh cong thc phan t cua A, biet khoi lng mol cua A la 60g b.Viet cong thc cau tao co the co cua A, biet phan t co nhom OH. c.Viet phng trnh phan ng cua A vi Na. Cau8.Cho 100ml ru 960 tac dung vi natri d: a.Viet cac phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra. b.Tm the tch va khoi lng ru nguyen chat a tham gia phan ng, biet khoi lng rieng cua ru la 0,8 g/ml. c.Tnh the tch hidro thu c o ktc, biet khoi lng rieng cua nc la 1g/ml. Cau9.ot chay hoan toan 1,84g ru etilic: a.Tnh the tch CO2 (ktc) thu c. Bai tap Hoa hoc 64 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.Tnh the tch khong kh (ktc) can e ot chay het lng ru tren. Biet O 2 chiem 20% the tch khong kh. Cau10.A,B,C, D, E la cac ru eu co cong thc dang ROH, trong o R la goc ch cha C va H. Tm cong thc phan t cac chat biet: a.0,05 mol A co khoi lng 1,6 g b.ot chay 0,1 mol B thu c 0,3 mol CO2 va 0,4 mol H2O. c.ot chay 0,25 mol C thu c 0,75 mol CO2 va 0,75 mol H2O. d.ot chay hoan toan D can 19,2 g O2 , thu c 0,4 mol CO2 va 0,5 mol H2O. e.ot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol E can 0,75 mol O2, thu c 0,4 mol CO2 . Cau11.Mot hon hp A gom ru metylic (CH3OH) va etylic (C2H5OH). Lay 11g hon hp A cho tac dung het vi Na thu c 3,36lit H2 (ktc).Tnh khoi lng ru trong hon hp. Cau12.Tnh the tch C2H4 (ktc) can e ieu che c 6,9 g ru etylic. Biet hieu suat phan ng la 75%. Cau13.ot chay hoan toan 9,2 g mot hp chat hu c A thu c 3,36 lit CO2 va 10,8 g nc. a.Tm cong thc phan t cua A. Biet t khoi hi cua A so vi H2 = 23. b.Viet cac cong thc cau tao cua A. Cau14.Hai chat hu c A va B co cong thc phan t la C2H4O2. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A va B biet: - A phan ng vi Na, NaOH. - B ch phan ng c vi NaOH khong phan ng vi Na. Cau15.Co the ieu che axit axetic bang cac phng trnh phan ng sau: C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH a.Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tnh the tch C2H4 (ktc) can e ieu che c 18g CH3COOH biet hieu suat cua phan ng (1) la 75% cua phan ng (2) la 80%. Cau16.Dung dch A cha CH3COOH 0,5 M. Dung dch B cha CH3COOH 1,2 M. a.Can phai tron A vi B theo ty le the tch nh the nao e thu c dung dch CH3COOH 1M? b.Tnh VA, VB can tron e thu c 2,8 lit dung dch CH3COOH 0,8 M. Cau17.Cho a gam CH3COOH tac dung vi 160 gam dung dch NaOH 20%. Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 53 gam chat ran . Tnh a. Cau18.ot chay hoan toan 4,5 gam hp chat hu c A ch cha C, H, O roi cho san pham qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4ac.Sau o qua bnh (2) ng dd Ca(OH)2 d. Sau phan ng thay bnh (2) co 15 gam ket tua va khoi lng bnh (1) tang them 2,7 gam. a.Hay xac nh cong thc phan t cua A. Biet t khoi hi cua A so vi H2 la 30. b.Viet CTCT cua A, biet A lam quy tm chuyen thanh mau o. Cau19.Cho dung dch Axit axetic nong o a% tac dung va u vi dung dch NaOH nong o 20%, thu c dung dch muoi co nong o10,25%. Hay tnh a. Cau20.un nong hon hp gom 3,68 g ru etylic va 3g axit axetic trong ieu kien co H2SO4 ac lam xuc tac. Tnh khoi lng cac chat thu c sau phan ng biet hieu suat cua phan ng este hoa la 60%. Cau21.Cho 180 g axit axetic tac dung vi 148g ru etylic co xuc tac axit. Sau phan ng hoan toan a co 44% lng axit chuyen thanh este. Tnh khoi lng cac chat thu c sau phan ng. Cau22.Oxi hoa 0,2 mol ru etylic thanh axit axetic. Lay hon hp sau phan ng cho tac dung vi Na (d) thu c 3,92 lit H2 (ktc). Tnh hieu suat phan ng oxi hoa ru. Cau23. Co 3,9 gam hon hp ru CH3OH va C2H5OH. em ot chay hon hp tren roi cho san pham i qua nc voi trong d thay tao ra 15 gam ket tua. Tnh khoi lng moi ru trong hon hp au. Bai tap Hoa hoc 65 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau24.Chat A la mot ancol no mach h. e ot chay het 0,35mol A phai dung va het 31,36 lt O2 (ktc) . Hay xac nh cong thc phan t , cong thc cau tao va goi ten A. Cau25. Chat X la mot ancol khong no n chc , phan t cha mot lien ket oi. e ot chay het 1,45g X can dung va het 2,24 lt O2 (ktc). Xac nh cong thc phan t, viet cong thc cau tao va goi ten X. Cau26. Mot hon hp M cha hai ancol no, n chc , mach h ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang. e ot chay hoan toan 35,6g hon hp M can dung va het 63,84 lt O2 (ktc). Xac nh cong thc phan t va % ve khoi lng cua tng chat trong hon hp M. Cau27. Hon hp A cha 2 ancol no, n chc, mach h. e ot chay hoan toan hon hp A can dung va het 3,36 lt O2 (ktc). Trong san pham chay , khoi lng CO2 hn khoi lng H2O la 1,88g. a.Xac nh khoi lng hon hp A. b.Xac nh cong thc phan t va % khoi lng cua tng chat trong A neu biet them rang hai ancol o khac nhau 2 nguyen t cacbon. Cau28.un mot hon hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mach h vi H2SO4 140 0C, thu c 72g hon hp 3 ete vi so mol bang nhau. Khoi lng nc tach ra trong qua trnh tao thanh ete o la 21,6g. Xac nh cong thc cau tao 2 ancol va khoi lng moi ancol tham gia phan ng. Cau29. Cho 16,6 gam mot hon hp 2 ancol ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang metanol phan ng vi Na d c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Xac nh cong thc cau tao va % khoi lng 2 ancol trong hon hp au. Cau30. Cho 4,6g ancol no n chc mach h tac dung va u vi Na thu c 6,8g muoi khan. Tm cong thc phan t cua ancol. Cau31. ot chay hoan toan mot ancol mach h thu c 8,8g CO2 va 5,4g H2O. Tm cong thc phan t va goi ten ancol Cau32. Kh H2O mot lng ancol mach h cho c chat hu c co t khoi hi so vi ancol o la 0,7. Tm cong thc ancol, viet phan ng minh hoa (biet hieu suat la 100%). Cau33. un nong hon hp gom 2 ancol n chc no vi H2SO4 ac 1400C thu c 21,6g H2O va 72g hon hp 3 ete vi so mol cac ete bang nhau. Tm cong thc phan t ru biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Cau 34.Co mot hon hp X gom 2 ancol A,B. un nong hon hp X vi H2SO4 , 1800C thu c hon hp 2 olefin. un nong hon hp X 1300C thu c hon hp 3 ete, trong o co mot ete co khoi lng phan t bang khoi lng phan t mot trong hai ancol. Trong mot bnh kn dung tch khong oi 4,2 lt cha a(g) hon hp X va 2,88g O2. Cho ancol bay hi het 136,50C th ap suat trong bnh luc o la 0,8 atm. Bat tia la ien ot chay hoan toan roi cho san pham chay qua bnh 1 ng P2O5, bnh 2 ng dd KOH lay d. Sau th nghiem khoi lng bnh 2 tang them 1,408g. Tm cong thc phan t viet cong thc cau tao va goi ten Cau35. Oxi hoa ancol n chc A bang O2 (co xuc tac) thu c hon hp X gom 0,1 mol andehit; 0,2 mol axit hu c; nc va ru con lai. Cho m (g) hon hp X tac dung het vi Na thu c 8,96 lit H2 (ktc) va hon hp Y. Cho Y bay hi con lai 48,8 gam chat ran. 1.tm % so mol ru b oxi hoa. 2.tm cong thc ancol A. Cau36. Hon hp X gom A la monoancol no mach h; B la poliancol no mach h co 2 nhom OH , * 14,5g X tac dung het vi Na c 3,92 lit H2 (ktc). Bai tap Hoa hoc 66 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch * 29g X em ot hoan toan c 52,8g CO2. 1.Tm cong thc phan t A, B. 2.Cho 29g X tac dung Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch xanh tham. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B va khoi lng Cu(OH)2 a dung. Cau37. e trung hoa a (g) hon hp X gom phenol C6H5OH va ong ang lien tiep cua phenol can 200g dung dch NaOH co nong o phan tram 6a%/31. Tm t le mol cua phenol va ong ang. Cau38. Hoa tan ancol mach h A vao nc c dung dch A co nong o % la 71,875%. Cho 12,8g dung dch ancol A tac dung vi Na lay d c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). Tm cong thc cau tao va goi ten ancol A biet rang t khoi hi cua A oi vi NO2 la 2. Cau39. un nong hon hp gom mot ancol n chc no bac I va ancol n chc no bac III vi H2SO4 ac 1400 C thu c 5,4g H2O va 26,4g hon hp 3 ete. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan va cac ete co so mol bang nhau. Tm cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua 2 ru va 3 ete. Cau40. Khi ot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol mol chat hu c A CxHyOz thu c di 35,2g CO2. Mat khac 0,5 mol A tac dung het vi Na cho 1g H2. e trung hoa 0,2 mol A can 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A. Cau41. Hon hp X gom 2 ancol n chc no mach h - m (g) X em ot hoan toan c 4,7g hon hp CO2 va H2O. - m (g) X em oxi hoa tao ra cac axit hu c tng ng va trung hoa cac axit nay bang dung dch NaOH th can 200ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. - Cho biet khoi lng phan t cua mot trong hai axit tao thanh bang mot trong hai khoi lng phan t cua mot trong hai ru ban au. Tm cong thc phan t moi ru va kho lng moi ru trong m(g) X. Cau42. Hon hp X gom hai ancol A, B mach h. - un nong hon hp X vi H2SO4 ac 1300C thu c cac et trong o co 1 ete co khoi lng phan t bang khoi lng phan t cua mot ru. - un nong hon hp X vi H2SO4 ac 1800C c 2 anken. - ot chay hoan toan 0,01 mol hon hp X thu c 1,408g CO2. Tm cong thc phan t cua A,B. Cau1.Z la mot axit hu c cha 1 nhom chc. e ot chay 0,1 mol Z can 6,72 lit O2(ktc). Cho biet cong thc cau tao cua Z. Cau2.Cac san pham ot chay 3g axit hu c X c dan qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 ac bnh 2 ng NaOH ac. Sau t nghiem khoi lng bnh 1 tang1,8 g, bnh 2 tang 4,4g. Neu cho bay hi 1g X th thu c 373,4ml hi(ktc). Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua X. Cau3.Cho 60g axit axetic tac dung vi 92g ru etylic thu c 44g este. a.Viet PTHH. b.Tnh hieu suat cua phan ng. Cau4.Cho dd axit axetic nong o a% tac dung va u dung dch NaOH 10% thu c dung dch co nong o 10,25%. Hay tnh a. Cau5.Co p gam hon hp X gom 1 axit CnH2nO2 va 1 ru CmH2m + 2O. Biet axit va ru co cung khoi lng phan t. Lay 1/10 hon hp X tac dung via Na d thu c168 ml H2(ktc). ot chay 1/10 hon hp X, cho san pham vao NaOH d sau o them BaCl 2 vao th thay co7,88 g ket tua. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A, B. Cau6.ot chay a mol mot axit hu c thu c x mol CO2 va y mol H2O. Biet x y = a. Hay tm cong thc chung cua a. Bai tap Hoa hoc 67 T: 0978664738

3.BAI TAP VE ANDEHIT XETON - AXIT

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau7.e trung hoa 15ml axit hu c n chc can dung 30ml dd NaOH nong o 0,5 mol/l. Mat khac neu dung 50ml axit tac dung va u vi NaOH roi chng kho th thu c 4,1g chat ran. a.Tnh CM cua axit. b.Cong thc cau tao thu gon cua axit hu c. Cau8.e trung hoa 8,3g hon hp cua 2 axit n chc(trong phan t ch co mot nhom COOH) A va B can dung 150ml dung dch NaOH 4%. Mat khac , khi cho 8,3g hon hp tren tac dung vi AgNO3 trong NH3 d sinh ra 21,6g Ag ket tua. Tm cong thc va % khoi lng moi axit trong hon hp. Cau9.e trung hoa 50ml dd mot axit cacboxylic n chc phai dung va het 30 ml dung dch KOH 2,0M. Mat khac , khi trung hoa 125ml dd axit noi tren bang mot lng KOH va u roi co can, thu c 16,8g muoi khan. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao, ten va nong o mol cua axit trong dung dch o. Cau10. Chat A la mot axit n chc no, mach h. e ot chay het 2,55g A phai dung va het 3,64 lt O2 (ktc). Hay xac nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao va ten cua chat A. Cau11. Chat A la mot axit cacboxylic n chc, dan xuat cua anken. Khi ot chay hoan toan 0,9 g A, ngi ta thay trong san pham tao thanh khoi lng CO2 ln hn khoi lng H2O 1,2 g. Hay xac nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau rao cua A va goi ten . Cau12. Chat A la mot axit cacboxylic no, mach h. e trung hoa 50g dung dch A co nong o 5,2% can dung va ung 50ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mat khac, neu ot chay hoan toan 15,6g chat A, thu c 10,08 lt CO2 (ktc). Hay xac nh cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua A. Van dung quy tac oc ten e goi ten A. Cau13. e trung hoa 0,74 gam mot axit dang RCOOH can dung 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua axit. b.Lay 0,74 g axit tren tac dung vi ru etylic. Tnh lng este thu c biet hieu suat phan ng at 70%. Cau14. Cho 10,6 g Na2CO3 tac dung va u vi V lit dung dch CH3COOH 0,5M. Phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Lng kh thoat ra c dan vao bnh ng dung dch cha 0,075 mol Ca(OH)2. a.Tnh the tch dung dch CH3COOH a dung. b.Xac nh khoi lng ket tua trong bnh ng Ca(OH)2. Cau15.Cho m gam hon hp hai axit no n chc hn kem nhau 1 nguyn t cacbon trong phan t, tac dung va u vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2 M. em co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 0,75 gam muoi khan. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua hai axit. b.Tnh m. Cau16.Cho 12 g mot axit co cong thc phan t la CnH2n+1COOH tac dung vi Na2CO3 .Lng CO2 thu c cho dan qua bnh ng nc voi trong d thay tao ra10 g ket tua. a.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc. b.Tm cong thc phan t cua axit. Cau17.Cho 150 ml dung dch CH3COOH tac dung het vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M, co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 3,26g chat ran khan. Tnh CM cua dung dch CH3COOH ban au. Cau18.Hon hp X gom CH3COOH va mot axit hu c co cong thc CnH2n+1COOH. T le so mol tng ng la 1:2. Cho a gam hon hp 2 axit tac dung va u vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M roi co can th thu c 27,4g hon hp hai muoi khan. a.Xac nh cong thc phan t cua axit CnH2n+1COOH. Bai tap Hoa hoc 68 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch b.Tnh thanh phan % khoi lng cua moi axit trong hon hp. Cau19.Cho m gam hon hp A gom CH3COOH va CH3COOC2H5 tac dung va u vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Toan bo lng ru etylic tao ra cho tac dung vi Na thu c 2,24 lit kh H2 (ktc). a.Hay viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra. b.Tnh thanh phan % khoi lng cua moi chat trong hon hp. Cau20. Chat hu c A cha 3 nguyen to C, H, O va co 37,21% ( theo khoi lng) trong phan t. A ch cha mot loai nhom chc va 1 mol A khi tac dung vi dd Ag2O/NH3 lay d thu c 4 mol Ag. Tm cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao mach thang cua A. Cau21.Chuyen hoa hoan toan 4,2g anehit mach h A bang phan ng trang gng, loc lay bac tao ra cho tac dung het vi HNO3 ac, nong thu c 3,36 lit NO2(ktc). T khoi hi cua A oi vi N2 <4. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A. Cau22. ot chay hoan toan 0,44g axit hu c A roi cho san pham chay lan lt vao bnh I ng P2O5 va bnh II ng KOH. Sau th nghiem cac bnh lan lyj tang khoi lng la 0,36g va 0,88g. Mat khac , e trung hoa het 0,05 mol axit hu c A nay can dung 250ml dd NaOH 0,2 M. Tm cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua A. Cau23.Hon hp X gom 0,01 mol HCOONa va a mol muoi natri cua hai axit no n chc mach h ong ang lien tiep. em ot chay hoan toan X thu c 2,65g Na2CO3 va mCO2 mH2O = 3,51(g) Tm cong thc phan t hai muoi va % khoi lng moi muoi trong X. Cau24. A la axit hu c mach thang ; B la ru n chc bac I co nhanh. - Khi trung hoa A bi dung dch NaOH th so mol NaOH can dung gap 2 lan so mol A. - Khi ot B th CO2 va H2O sinh ra co t le mol tng ng 4/5. - Khi cho 0,1 mol A tac dung vi B(hieu suat phan ng 73,5%) thu c 14,847g chat hu c E. 1. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, E. 2. tm khoi lng A, B a phan ng tao ra E. Cau25. Nhan biet cac chat sau: etanol, fomalin, axeton, axit axetic. Cau26. Nhan biet cac dung dch : axetandehit (CH3CHO); glixerol [C3H5(OH)3]; axit acrylic (CH2 = CH COOH ); va axit axetic (CH3COOH). Cau27. Mot andehit A cha 3 nguyen to C, H, O. 0,1 mol A tac dung hoan toan vi H2 cho B. B tac dung va u vi 4,6g Na. mat khac , 5,8g A tac dung het vi Ag2O/NH3 thu c 43,2g Ag. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A. Cau28. Mot chat hu c A co 3 nguyen to C, H, O va co 50% O ve khoi lng. Ngi ta cho A qua ong ng 10,4g CuO nung nong thu c hai chat hu c va 8,48g chat ran. Mat khac, cho hon hp hai chat hu ciw nay tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d c 38,88g Ag. Tm khoi lng ban au cua A. Cau29. Ba chat X,Y,Z co cong thc phan t dang (CH2O)n vi n 3. Cho biet : - X ch tham gia phan ng trang bac. - Y va tham gia phan ng trang bac va phan ng vi Na. - Z tac dung vi NaHCO3 va u , lam bay hi nc , san pham khan con lai co the tiep tuc tac dung Na. Ngoai ra, oxi hoa Z trong ieu kien thch hp se tao ra hp chat ch cha mot loai chc. - ot chay hoan toan X,Y,Z vi so mol bang nhau th so mol H2O thu c t X nho hn t Y va t Y nho hn t Z. Hay tm cong thc cau tao cua X, Y, Z. Bai tap Hoa hoc 69 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Cau30. Ba chat hu c X, Y, Z co khoi lng phan t tang dan. Lay cung so mol moi chat cho tac dung het vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 eu thu c Ag va 2 muoi A,B. - Lng Ag sinh ra t X gap hai lan lng Ag sinh ra t Y hoac Z. - Muoi A tac dung vi dung dch NaOH giai phong kh vo c. - Muoi B tac dung vi NaOH hoac H2SO4 eu tao kh vo c. Tm cong thc cau tao cua X, Y, Z va viet cac phan ng minh hoa. Cau31. Haic hat hu c A, B eu cha 3 nguyen to C, H, O va la hai ong ang lien tiep nhau. Trong A co 53,33%O; trong B co 43,24%O ve khoi lng. A, B eu tac dung vi Na va eu cho phan ng trang gng. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B Cau32. ot chay b mol mot axit cacboxylic mach h thu c x mol CO2 va Y mol H2O. Cho x y = b. Tm cong thc chung cua axit. Cau33. Oxi hoa 53,2g hon hp gom mot ancol n chc va mot andehit n chc , hieu suat phan ng 100%, ta thu c mot axit hu c duy nhat. Lng axit sinh ra tac dung het vi m (g) dung dch hon hp NaOH 2% va Na2CO3 13,255 thu c dung dch ch cha muoi hu c co nong o 21,87%. 1.Tm cong thc phan t cua ancol va andehit. 2. m co gia tr trong khoang nao? - Vi m = 400g hay tnh khoi lng andehit va ru ban au. Cau34. Cho 50ml dung dch A gom axit hu c RCOOH va muoi kim loai kiem cua axit o tac dung vi 120ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,125M, sau phan ng thu c dung dch B. e trung hoa Ba(OH)2 d trong B, can cho them 3,75g dung dch HCl 14,6%, sau o co can dung dch thu c 5,4325g muoi khan. Mat khac, khi cho 50ml dung dch A tac dung vi H2SO4, un nong thu c 1,05lit hi axit hu c tren (o 136,50C; 1,12 atm) 1. Tnh nong o mol cac chat trong A. 2. tm cong thc cua axit va cua muoi. 3. tnh pH cua dung dch 0,1 mol/l cua axit tm thay tren, biet o ien li = 1%. Cau35.Hon hp X gom mot ancol no n chc A va mot axit khong no n chc B (cha mot lien ket oi). Neu em X tac dung het vi Na thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Neu em X tac dung vi Na2CO3 co d thu c 1,12 lit CO2 (ktc). un nong X vi H2SO4 c 7,5g este C (hieu suat 75%). 1. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C. Biet rang khi em 5g este C xa phong hoa hoan toan bi NaOH thu c 4,7g muoi. 2. Tnh 5 khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp X. Cau36.Hon hp A gom mot axit no n chc va hai axit khong no n chc cha mot lien ket oi, ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang. Cho A tac dung hoan toan vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 2M. e trung hoa va het lng NaOH d can them vao 100ml dung dch HCl 1M c dung dch D. Co can can than D c 22,89g chat ran khan. Mat khac, ot chay hoan toan A roi cho toan bo san pham chay hap thu het vao bnh ng lng d dung dch NaOH ac, khoi lng bnh tang them 26,72g. xac nh cong thc cau tao co the co cua tng axit va tnh khoi lng cua chung trong hon hp A. Dang1. OT CHAY M (G) CHAT HU C CHA TOI A 4 NGUYEN TO C, H, O, N CHO CO2 , H2O, N2. BAI TOAN CHO BIET KHOI LNG PHAN T. TM CONG THC PHAN T. Phng phap: +Tm khoi lng hoac% cac nguyen to. Bai tap Hoa hoc 70 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch mC = nCO2 . 12 %C =mC.100/m mH = nH2O. 2 %H = mH .100/m mN = nN2 . 28 %N = mN .100/m mO = m ( mC + mH + mN) %O = 100% - (%C + %H + %N) +Tm t le mC mH mO mN C:H:O:N = : : : 12 1 16 14 Hoac: %C %H %O %N C:H:O:N = : : : 12 1 16 14 +Tm M +Suy ra cong thc phan t Cau1. e ot chay 2,25g chat hu c A cha C, H, O can dung 3,08 lit O2(ktc) thu c CO2 va H2O vi VCO2= 4 . VH2O (o cung ieu kien nhiet o , ap suat). Tm cong thc phan t cua A. 5 Biet t khoi hi cua A so vi H2 la 45. Dang 2.OT CHAY MOT THE TCH CHAT HU C CHO THE TCH CO2 VA THE TCH H2O, THE TCH N2. TM CONG THC PHAN T. Phng phap: +Tm the tch hoac so mol cac chat tng ng roi the vao phan ng chay tong quat. +Phan ng chay tong quat: CxHy + CxHyOz + (x + y/4) O2 xCO2 xCO2 + + y/2H2O

( x + y/4 - z/2)O2

y/2H2O

CxHyOzNt + (x + y/4 z/2)O2 xCO2 + y/2H2O + t/2N2 Dang3. BAI TOAN TM CONG THC PHAN T CHAT HU C KHI CHO SAN PHAM CHAY VAO DUNG DCH KIEM. Phng phap : (CO2 va H2O ) b hap thu bi dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoac Ba(OH)2, v vay mCO2 + mH2O co the tnh c nh sau: 1. mCO2 + mH2O = mtang cua bnh ng dung dch 2. mCO2 + mH2O = mket tua + mtang cua dung dch 3. mCO2 + mH2O = mket tua mgiam cua dung dch Dang 4. OT CHAY CHAT HU C CHA CAC NGUYEN TO C, H, O, Cl VA CHAT HU C CHA CAC NGUYEN TO C, H, O, Na. Phng phap: mC = nCO2 . 12 CO2 mH = nH2O . 2 + nHCl .1 * m gam A[ C, H, O, N ] H2O mCl= nHCl . 35,5 HCl mO = m (mC + mH + mCl) * m gam A [ C, H, O, Na] CO2 H2O mC = nCO2 . 12 + nNa2CO3. 12 mH = nH2O . 2 mNa = nNa2CO3 . 46 mO = m (mC + mH + mNa)

Na2CO3

Dang 5. TM CONG THC N GIAN CUA MOT CHAT HU C CHA 3 NGUYEN TO C, H, O, KHI BAI TOAN CHO BIET % KHOI LNG MOT NGUYEN TO HOAC CHO BIET T LE THE TCH HOAC TONG THE TCH CAC CHAT. Bai tap Hoa hoc 71 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch Phng phap : Goi cong thc CxHyOz roi tm t le x : y :z. (lay gia tr nguyen dng toi gian) Neu cho biet the tch th nen gia s ot 1 mol hoac 1 lit chat hu c. Dang 6.TM CONG THC PHAN T KHI GIA THIET CH CHO KHOI LNG PHAN T CHAT HU C. Phng phap: at cong thc phan t CxHyOzNt. Lap phng trnh khoi lng phan t. Bien luan: Lu y: da vao cac c s sau ay: + Hp chat CxHy va CxHyOz co x, y, z la so nguyen dng va y( chan) <= 2x + 2 + Hp chat CxHyNt va CxHyOzNt co x, y, z, t la so nguyen dng va y le khi t le, y chan khi t chan. Dang7. TM CONG THC PHAN T CUA CAC HIDROCACBON ONG ANG LIEN TIEP Phng phap: + Cac chat ong ang lien tiep co khoi lng phan t hp thanh cap so cong cong sai 14. + Cap so cong co n so hang a1; a2an lap thanh cap so cong cong sai d, th: So hang cuoi an = a1 + (n - 1)d. Tong cac so hang S = (a1 + an).n/2 Neu mot day gom 3 so a, b, c lap thanh mot cap so cong ma tong so a + b + c = 1 th b =1/3 Dang 8. TM CONG THC PHAN T CUA CAC CHAT ONG ANG DA TREN CAC AI LNG TRUNG BNH Phng php : at cong thc trung bnh Tm so nguyen t C trung bnh. Tm so nguyen t H trung bnh. Tm so nguyen t O trung bnh. Dang 9. TM CONG THC PHAN T CUA HIDROCACBON MACH H CO KHA NANG CHA LIEN KET Phng phap: at cong thc phan t dang CnH2n + 2 2k (k: so lien ket ) -Neu hidrocacbon nay the kh th 1 n 4 , 0 k 4 -Neu co 1 hon hp X cha: CnH2n + 2 2k (a mol) va CmH2m + 2 2k (b mol) n.a + m.b So mol CO2 Th so C trung bnh : = a+b so mol hon hp k.a + k .b So lien ket trung bnh: a+b Dng10. Chng minh hidrocacbon thuc dy ng ng no da trn sn phm chy CO2 v H2O. Phng php. T phn ng tng qut. 3n + 1 - k Bai tap Hoa hoc 72 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh GV: Nguyen Van Lch CnH2n + 2 2k + O2 nCO2 + (n + 1 k) H2O 2 Khi k = 0 (mol CO2 < mol H2O) Ankan Khi k = 1 (mol CO2 = mol H2O) Anken Khi k = 2 (mol CO2 > mol H2O) Ankin; ankadien Nu t chy hidrocacbon mch h m thu c : (mol CO2 < mol H2O) Ankan (mol CO2 = mol H2O) Anken (mol CO2 > mol H2O) Ankin; ankadien Co the da vao t le: nO2 > 1,5 ankan nCO2 nO2 = 1,5 anken nCO2 nO2 <1,5 ankin; ankadien nCO2 Dang 11. Tm cong thc phan t cua cac hidrocacbon cung so nguyen t cacbon va cachidrocacbon bat k. Phng phap : Tm so C da vao t le nCO2 nhon hp Tm so H da vao t le C va H trong ankan (CnH2n+2), anken (CnH2n), ankin (CnH2n-2) Neu hidrocacbon co : 2 C th phan t co toi a 6 H , toi thieu la 2 H 3 C th phan t co toi a 8 H , toi thieu la 4 H 4C th phan t co toi a 10 H , toi thieu la 2 H ( CH C C CH) Neu bai toan cho hon hp nhieu hidrocacbon bat k th ta da vao khoi lng phan t trung bnh e lap luan: mhh mC + mH nCO2 .12 + nH2O . 2 Mhon hp = = = nhh nhh nhh Dang 12. Cach tm khoi lng phan t cua mot hoa chat Phng phap: nh luat Ra un: o tang nhiet o soi hoac o ha nhiet o ong ac t le thuan vi lng chat hoa tan trong mot lng dung moi xac nh M K.m Cong thc : t = K . M= M t Trong o: t : o tang nhiet o soi hay o ha nhiet o ong ac t(soi) = Tsoi cua dung dch Tsoi cua dung moi t(ong ac) = Tong ac cua dung moi Tong ac cua dung dch Ksoi : hang so nghiem soi cua dung moi. Kong ac : hang so nghiem lanh cua dung moi. m: so gam chat tan co trong 1000g dung moi. M: khoi lng phan t chat tan. Bai tap Hoa hoc 73 T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

PHONG GD T KHANH VNH TRNG THCS TH TRAN KHANH VNH

VIEC MNH LAM CHA CHAC A THANH CONG VIEC MNH KHONG LAM CHAC CHAN THAT BAI

Khanh Vnh, ngay 22 thang 12 nam 2007

Bai tap Hoa hoc

74

T: 0978664738

Trng THCS Th Tran Khanh Vnh

GV: Nguyen Van Lch

Bai tap Hoa hoc

75

T: 0978664738