AN INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL THEORY ARCH101 SP09 Instructor: SYLLABUS

dhanlon@uwm.edu Professor Don Hanlon Professor Hanlons office hours are by appointment only. krhall@uwm.edu Teaching Assistant: Katherine Hall Contact Ms. Hall directly for any questions concerning the D2L website. Mentor: Brandon Spoehr bhspoehr@uwm.edu Contact Mr. Spoehr directly to sign up for a mentoring section. Class hours: MWF 9:00 9:50 AM Location: Bolton 150 Introduction

An Introduction to Architectural Theory explores the ideas that lie behind the appearances of buildings. In general, theory is the province of ideas that precede actions. In the examples we will be studying, architects have combined ideas from different sources - such as nature, mathematics, the arts, and human behavior - to create forms and spaces with complex and subtle meanings. In architecture, theory is not divorced from practice. On the contrary, theory and practice are inseparable. Architects cannot physically construct the buildings they design without a set of ideas to guide their actions. These may be, for example, traditional conventions, experimental structural concepts, or a canon of aesthetics. Likewise, theory ultimately relies on practice to test its hypotheses and assumptions. This is not a history course, nor is it confined to a dominant culture. We will be studying examples of architecture from a wide variety of times and places. Though we are interested in how buildings relate to their specific historical and cultural contexts, our purpose is not simply to categorize styles. Ideas in architecture transcend time and place. By using a comparative method, we will discover how architects in different epochs and diverse cultures struggled with similar or divergent theoretical concepts. Therefore, the topics of lectures are dedicated to particular points of view that cut across history; they are not chronological. This may be difficult to understand at first because it is not a simplistic linear way of thinking. I will provide you with the essential information about the works we use to illustrate ideas (what, where, when, and by whom). Because of the wide range of architectural sources in the course, it is important that you carefully note the specifics of these examples so you can understand the conceptual relations we draw between them. Schedule Week Dates 1 Jan. 26 Jan. 28 Jan. 30 Topics Introduction Analysis: Cathedral of Notre Dame de Rheims Quizes

Feb. 2 Feb. 4 Feb. 6 Feb. 9 Feb. 11 Feb. 13

Design Principles Analyses: Sanahin Monastery, Armenia D. D. Martin House, Buffalo, by FL Wright Form and Deformation Analysis: Lepers Hospital, Maharashtra, India Saynatsalo Town Hall, Finland, by Alvar Aalto

Feb. 16 Feb. 18 Feb. 20 Feb. 23 Feb. 25 Feb. 27 Mar. 2 Mar. 4 Mar. 6 Mar. 9 Mar. 11 Mar. 13

Classical Canon Analyses: Parthenon, Athens, by Ictinus and Callicrates; San Lorenzo, Florence, by Brunelleschi Architecture as a Reflection of Philosophy Analysis: Hakim Mosque in Isfahan, Iran

4 Architectural Theory in the West: Rationalism and Empiricism Analysis: Des Moines Art Center by Saarinen, Pei, and Meier 5 Modernist Culture and Architecture Analysis: Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, by Le Corbusier 6 S P R I N G B R E A K

8 9 Mar. 23 Mar. 25 Mar. 27 Mar. 30 Apr. 1 Apr. 3 Apr. 6 Apr. 8 Apr. 10 Apr. 13 Apr. 15 Apr. 17 Apr. 20 Apr. 22 Apr. 24 Apr. 27 Apr. 29 May 1 May 4 May 6

The House as an Experimental Medium Analysis: Franchetti House, Sardinia, by Roberto Menghi 7 Meanings of Materials Analysis: Salk Institute, La Jolla, by Louis Kahn 8 Architectural Responses to Nature Analysis: Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto 9 Architecture of Traditional Cultures Analysis: Razvian House in Yazd, Iran 10 Sacred Space Analyses: Romanesque, Gothic & Byzantine churches Hopi kiva Forms of Cities Traditional, industrial and post-industrial urban forms Analyses: Padova, Mantua, Verona, Vicenza, and Venice Review Review

10

11

12

13

11

14

12

15

May 13

FINAL EXAM: 10:00 AM 12:00 AM

Bolton 150

The following buildings and city plans are provided on the D2L site, organized in groups for each week indicated in the schedule below. You are responsible for studying them in preparation for quizzes by the dates indicated. Some questions on the weekly quizzes will relate to them. The entire list will also be applicable to the Final Exam.

Date due Feb. 6

Buildings Adler House Assembly Building, Chandigarh Baker House Sanahin Monastery Uffizi Winton Guest House Arnheim Pavilion Certosa del Galluzzo St. Michael, Hildesheim Palace of Diocletian Saynatsalo Town Hall Asklepieion Chiswick House Pantheon S. Peters Basilica S. Lorenzo Stoa of Attalos Jaipur Pearl Mosque Sulemaniye Taj Mahal Tomb of Ibrahim Rauza Babson House Black House Boissonas House Sarabhai House Trenton Bathhouse Villa Savoie Berlin Science Center Centre Le Corbusier Dominican Convent Leicester Engineering School Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp (plan, section, elevation) Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp (perspective) Berlin House, Mies Courtyard house, Mies Glass House Gwathmey Residence Pavilion, Barcelona Shodan House Snyderman House House at Stabio Philharmonie, Berlin S. Andrea S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Vierzehnheiligen

Feb. 13

Feb. 20

Feb. 27

Mar. 6

Mar. 13

Mar. 27

Apr. 3

Apr. 10

Ballet School, Havana House Study, Van Doesburg Kaufmann House Music School, Havana Ninomaru Palace St. Catherine, Sinai Bazaar of Isphahan Borobudur Lingaraja Temple Raja Birbal Pavilion Razvian House Acropolis, Athens Angkor Wat Delphi Gesu Laon and Paris Cathedrals Acropolis of Pergamon Agora at Assos Fatehpur Sikri Piazza del Campo, Siena Timgad

Apr. 17

Apr. 24

May 1

The following describes the kinds of questions that may appear on quizzes and on the Final Exam relating to buildings and city plans: 1. Identify a building type. Example: Which one of the following has an approach and entry organized by means of a straight central axis? Identify specific information on the website related to the assigned building (e.g. date, place). Identify a building by its reproduction. Example: The plan illustrated above is of which one of the following buildings? Identify a similarity or dissimilarity. Example: Which one of the following is least like the Boissonas House in plan? Identify either the name of the building or its architect. Example 1: Which one of the following buildings was designed by LeCorbusier? Example 2: Which of the following architects designed the Kaufmann House?

2.

3.

4.

5.

Quizes and the Final Exam There are 12 quizzes in the semester, all administered on the D2L Course Site for Arch. 101. Each quiz is available at 10 AM on each of the Fridays indicated in the lecture schedule above and will close on the following Monday at 9 AM. As you will have 3 days to take each quiz, THERE WILL BE ABSOLUTELY NO MAKE-UP QUIZZES scheduled (except for documented medical or family emergencies). If you have a technical problem with a quiz, contact Ms. Hall. Do not contact Professor Hanlon.

Each quiz must be completed in 8 minutes at which time the D2L site will close. I recommend that you take the exam on a University computer or on another high speed connection. Each quiz will have 10 multiple-choice questions devoted to information presented in the lectures and in assigned subjects in the text since the previous quiz (Quiz #1 will include lecture material from January 26 through February 6). Each question will count as 1 point in the calculation of your semester grade. All graphic material that will appear on quizzes and the Final Exam will be taken from graphics provided on the D2L website and discussed in lectures. The Final Exam will have 120 multiple choice questions, each worth 1 point toward your grade. The Exam will be in Bolton 150, on May 13 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM. Grading The semester grade is based entirely on 12 quizes and the Final Exam. 120 120 240 points

12 quizes with 10 questions @ 1 points each Final Exam with 120 questions @ 1 point each Total possible points for the course Attendance

If you believe that you can earn an acceptable grade in this course, or even pass it, by not attending the class, go ahead. You will be the first to do so. Suggested Reading Arnheim, Rudolf. The Dynamics of Architectural Form Bachelard, Gaston. The Poetics of Space Bacon, Edmund. Design of Cities Bell, Simon. Landscape: Pattern, Perception and Process Benevolo, Leonardo. The History of the City Bloomer, Kent, and Moore, Charles. Body, Memory, and Architecture Crouch, D. & Johnson, J. Traditions in Architecture Crowe, Norman. Nature and the Idea of a Man-made World Furnari, Michele. Formal Design in Renaissance Architecture Girouard, Mark. Cities and People Kostof, Spiro. The City Shaped Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architecture Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Meaning in Western Architecture Rapoport, Amos. House Form and Culture Rasmussen, Steen Eiler. Towns and Buildings Reid, Richard. The Book of Buildings Rudolfsky, Bernard. Architecture Without Architects Venturi, Robert. Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Von Meiss, Pierre. Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place Wittkower, Rudolf. Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus to Our House

Recommended Websites Websites dedicated to architecture offer useful information about history, theory, contemporary projects, and architects. There are collections of building images and notices of design competitions, worldwide. However, they tend to be superficial and none of them are a substitute for a good book. Nevertheless, here are a few to get you started. Aga Khan Development Network www.akdn.org Architectural Record www.archrecord.com Design publications www.world-newspapers.com/design.html

Architectural Review RIBA (United Kingdom) Architecture magazine Australian National University Archive Boston College Digital Archive Great buildings Entablature

www.arplus.com www.architecture.com www.architecturemag.com http://rubens.anu.edu.au/ www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/ (go to links) www.greatbuildings.com www.entablature.com

University Regulations Participation by Students with Disabilities If you need special accommodations in order to meet any of the requirements of this course, please contact us as soon as possible. Accommodation for Religious Observances Students will be allowed to complete examinations or other requirements that are missed because of a religious observance. Please contact us in advance. Academic Misconduct The university has a responsibility to promote academic honesty and integrity and to develop procedures to deal effectively with instances of academic dishonesty. Students are responsible for the honest completion and representation of their work, for the appropriate citation of sources, and for respect of others academic endeavors. Complaint Procedures Students may direct complaints to the head of the academic unit or department in which the complaint occurs. If the complaint allegedly violates a specific university policy, it may be directed to the head of the department or academic unit in which the complaint occurred or to the appropriate university office responsible for enforcing the policy. Grade Appeal Procedures A student may appeal a grade on the grounds that it is based on a capricious or arbitrary decision of the course instructor. Such an appeal shall follow the established procedures adopted by the department, college, or school on which the course resides. These procedures are available in writing from the respective department chairperson or the Academic Dean of the College/School. Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment is reprehensible and will not be tolerated by the University. It subverts the mission of the University and threatens the careers, educational experience, and well being of the students, faculty, and staff. The University will not tolerate behavior between or among members of the University community that creates an unacceptable working environment. Incomplete Grade A notation of incomplete may be given in lieu of a final grade to a student who has carried a subject successfully until the end of a semester but who, because of illness or other unusual and substantiated cause beyond the students control, has been unable to take or complete the final examination or complete some limited amount of term work. An incomplete is not given unless the student proves to the instructor that the student was prevented from completing course requirements for just cause as indicated above.