PD CHARACTERISTICS IN THREE-PHASE SF6 GIS FROM SINGLE AND MULTI SOURCE ARTIFICIAL PD AT VARIOUS POSITIONS

Abstract This paper examine the partial discharge (PD) induced electromagnetic wave (EMW) characteristics in threephase SF6 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) from single and multisource PD at various positions. The effect of particle position, the presence of two partial discharge (PD) sources at different cross section, and at the same cross section on the partial discharge (PD) induced electromagnetic wave (EMW) characteristics is analysed. The artificial PD sources are limited for protrusion on various positions on the conductor. PD waveform of EMW signal emitted by single and double PD sources was measured with 3 ultra high frequency (UHF) sensors. The measurement output is observed by oscilloscope. The results indicated that PD induced EMW characteristics form single source.... Frequency spectrum .. These revealed that .. Keywords three-phase GIS, PD waveform, double PD source, frequency spectrum.

EMW signals. The artificial PD sources are limited for protrusion (copper) on various positions on the conductor. A three-phase SF6 GIS model is used in this experiment. EMW induced by PD was measured with three ultra high frequency (UHF) sensors at various positions. The usage of three sensors is intended to investigate effect of sensor positions on the characteristics of PD induced EMW signals. The measurement output is observed by oscilloscope. We can only analyze the PD waveform of EMW signal with this measurement system. Meanwhile the frequency spectrum was manually calculated from the PD waveform using Fast Fourier Transform in Matlab. II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP A. Three Phase GIS and UHF Sensors Three-phase GIS model, the experimental setup, UHF sensors position and notation, are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The particles which simulate protrusion were put on the conductor surface. The internal UHF sensors, UHF A, B, and D are installed inside the three-phase GIS for measurement of EMW signals excited by PD. UHF A, B, and D are installed in the smaller tank. The sensitivity of UHF sensors is below 0.3 pC. EMW emitted by PD was detected with UHF sensors and diagnosed with oscilloscope.

I. INTRODUCTION Due to its compactness and low cost, the application of three phase equipment (three-phase on one tank), especially three-phase GIS (phase R-S-T), in electric power network has been increasing. Therefore, it is important to improve diagnostics technique of three-phase equipment. To improve diagnostics technique, it is very important to investigate PD characteristics in three-phase equipment. Therefore, it is important to examine the partial discharge (PD) induced electromagnetic wave (EMW) characteristics in three-phase SF6 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) from single and multisource PD at various positions. In general, three-phase equipment differs from single-phase equipment in two aspects: configuration and applied voltage. These differences result in different phenomena of electric field [1-3] and partial discharge (PD) [4-5] between singlephase and three-phase equipment. The special characteristics of electric field, PD and electromagnetic wave (EMW) emitted by PD in three-phase GIS model have been reported [PD 3]. However it is limited to single PD source and none of it examine the PD waveform of the PD induced EMW signals. This paper reports the special characteristics of the PD waveform and frequency spectrum of multi source (different cross section and same cross section) of PD induced EMW signals on three-phase GIS, effect of sensor position on the characteristics of PD induced EMW signals, effect of multi source PD induced EMW signals on PD inception voltage (PDIV) and breakdown voltage (BDV) of three-phase GIS and effect of voltage applied on EMW signals of PD, all experiment are compared with characteristics of the PD waveform and frequency spectrum single source PD induced

Fig. 1 the experimental setup

C. PD Measurement EMW emitted by PD was detected with UHF sensors and diagnosed with oscilloscope. Then EMW PD waveforms data stored in a personal computer. After that using Matlab B. Particle Protrusion Positions software, we analyze EMW PD waveform and frequency The artificial PD sources are limited for protrusion (copper) spectrum. The oscilloscope has frequency band 9 kHz- 2 GHz. on various positions on the conductor. Particle position and notation used in the experiment are described in Fig. 3. Particle position S45 (denominated as Y) located at S phase III.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS with 45 counterclockwise to produce PD in the phase-phase region and T180 (denominated as X) located at T phase with A. PDIV, BDIV and Measurement Point 180 to produce PD in the phase-tank region.
TABLE 2 PDIV, BDIV, Measurement Point

Fig. 2 Three-phase GIS model and UHF sensors position and notation

Fig.3 Particle position and notation used in the experiment

The detail of experimental conditions investigated in this experiment are tabulated in table 1
TABLE 1 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

Test 1

Particle Position 1Y

Objective Examination of the effect of particle position on PD induced EMW characteristics Examination of the effect of particle position on PD induced EMW characteristics Examination of the effect of the presence of two PD sources at different cross section on PD induced EMW characteristics Examination of the effect of the presence of two PD source at the same cross section on PD induced EMW characteristics Examination of the effect of the presence of two PD source at the same cross section on PD induced EMW characteristics with different particle length

B. Effect of Particle Position on EMW PD Characteristics Poin pembahasan terdiri dari: 1. Vpp dan durasi Gelombang PD baik negative maupun positif 2. Spektrum frekuensi PD A). Frekuensi dominan dan b). Amplitude FD 3. Tren yang terjadi karena perbedaan posisi partikel 4. Perbedaan tren antara PD negative dan PD positif 5. Mengenali pola-pola yang mungkin terlihat C. Effect of Sensor Position on EMW PD Characteristics D. Effect of Applied Voltage on EMW PD Characteristics E. Effect of two PD source at the different cross section F. Effect of two PD source at the same cross section

2Y

1Y2Y

2Y2X (a)

IV. DISCUSSION

V. CONCLUSIONS

2Y2X (b)

The purpose of test 1 and 2 are to examine the effect of particle position on PD induced EMW characteristics. Meanwhile, test 3, 4, and 5 are to examine the effect of two PD source the EMW characteristics.

Fig 1 basic electrical equivalent circuit of outdoor insulator with non-linear resistance

TABLE 1 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS FOR CLEAN SAMPLE UNDER CLEAN FOG

Parameters Capacitance Non-linear characteristics

20 kV 0.2 pF & 5 pF

40 kV 0.11 pF & 5 pF

60 kV 0.11 pF & 5 pF

Arc model

- Negative half cycle: 1 arc model - Positive half cycle: 1 arc model - Both have same parameter

- Negative half cycle: 2 arc model - Positive half cycle: 2 arc model - Both have same parameters

- Negative half cycle: 2 arc model - Positive half cycle: 2 arc model - Both have same parameters

TABLE 3 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETER FOR RTV COATED KAOLIN POLLUTED INSULATOR UNDER SALT FOG

Parameters Capacitance Non-linear characteristics

2 mS, 3mS, 3.6ms 0.11 pF & 5 pF

Arc model

- Negative half cycle:2 arc model - Positive half cycle: 2 arc model

The combination of the three parameters for each applied voltage is tabulated in table 3. Table 3 shows the non-linear V-I characteristic of the proposed equivalent circuit for clean samples under salt fog with conductivity of 2, 3 and 3.6 mS respectively at applied voltage 60 kV. It can be seen that, for the same voltage applied, along with the increase of salt fog conductivity the non-linear characteristics of insulator surface does not change. It is similar to experimental results. Figure 11 shows leakage current waveforms is for kaolin polluted, under salt fog. VI. CONCLUSIONS

Leakage current and flashover characteristics of ceramic insulator can be simulated using ATPDraw software package. The proposed electrical equivalent circuit model can be used to simulate various condition of insulators i.e. clean sample under clean fog condition, kaolin salt polluted sample under clean fog condition and effect of salt fog conductivity on leakage current waveforms. These simulation results revealed that a correct electrical equivalent circuit model is indicated by the leakage current waveforms and magnitude, THD value and dominant harmonic order. Those four parameters are important to create the correct equivalent circuit model. From the simulation results following conclusions can be drawn. The leakage current magnitude and waveform depend on the non-linear characteristics of the non-linear resistance. So in order to create an equivalent circuit that represent the outdoor insulator, we must have a valid non-linear characteristic. The capacitances value in all the simulation are between 50 - 0.1 pF. So these values are valid to be used in the equivalent circuit. To generate distortion in leakage current waveforms, we must add arc model. From the simulation results, the arc model is proven to be useful to generate distortion. From simulation results for kaolin-salt polluted sample under clean fog, it is clear that for the same environmental condition the non-linear resistance characteristic of RTV silicone rubber coated ceramic insulators is pretty similar in spite of the differences voltage applied. And also for the same voltage applied, the non-linear characteristics of insulator surface doesnt change along with the increase of salt fog conductivity By modifying the non-linear resistance characteristics, the number of arc model, and the capacitance value, the electrical equivalent circuit model proposed may be used to represent outdoor insulator under various condition and explain phenomenon that occur on the insulator surface

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