HAZARD COMMUNICATION

A guide to safe work practices

Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes is an Oregon scarring OSHA Standards and Technical Resources and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exContributors: publication. Hazard communication: A guide to safe work practices

About this document

posure can cause convulsions May cause skin well as drowsiness May cause Thanks to Peggy Munsell, Sue irritations Joye, Daveas McLaughlin, birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of Mark Peterson, DCBS Communications
Layout and design: consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, Patricia Young, Oregon OSHA Editing and proofing: and Toms Schwabe for advice and technical assistance.

shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes muta-

Piracy notice: Reprinting, excerpting, or plagiarizing any part of this publication is fine with us! Please inform dizziness and loss of tions of cells Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes Oregon OSHA of your intention as a courtesy.

consciousness Irritates nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of Topiceyes, category: hazard communication breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation cMay cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk auses death.....Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizzi

Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin

burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and short-

HAZARD COMMUNICATION
A guide to safe work practices

ness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsi-

ness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur

Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss

of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, short ness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation ... May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk auses

Contents

Introduction........................................................................................ 4
The essence of hazard communication.............................................................................4 Hazard communication in the workplace.........................................................................4 The hazard communication process.................................................................................4 Hazard communication rules............................................................................................4 What is a hazardous chemical?........................................................... 6 Oregon OSHAs definition of a hazardous chemical........................................................6 Chemicals that are physical hazards.................................................................................6 Chemicals that are health hazards....................................................................................6 How to determine if a chemical is hazardous...................................................................7 Commonly used hazardous chemicals.............................................................................7

Preparing a written hazard communication plan...................................... 10

Do you need to prepare a written plan?..........................................................................10 Essential parts of a written plan.....................................................................................10 Using material safety data sheets................................................................. 12 Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors......................12 What to do if you use a hazardous chemical at your workplace....................................12 What to do when you no longer use a hazardous chemical at your workplace..............12 Information required on material safety data sheets......................................................12 Example of a material safety data sheet for acetone......................................................13 Using container warning labels..................................................................... 16 Containers that must be labeled......................................................................................16 An exception for portable containers.............................................................................16 Content of a warning label.............................................................................................16 Examples of container labels for acetone.......................................................................17 Identifying pipes containing hazardous substances.................................. 18 Examples of pipes that contain hazardous substances...................................................18 Identifying pipes insulated with asbestos-containing material.......................................18 Training employees.......................................................................................... 19 Required hazard communication training......................................................................19 Who can train employees?.............................................................................................19 Example of a hazard communication training form: English and Spanish....................20 Example of an employee training record: English and Spanish.....................................22 Navigating the rules........................................................................................ 24 Hazard communication, general industry - 1910.1200..................................................24 Hazard communication, construction - 1926.59............................................................25 Hazard communication, agriculture - 437-004-9800.....................................................25 Appendices........................................................................................................ 27 Example of a written hazard communication plan: English and Spanish......................28 A hazard communication glossary.................................................................................32

Oregon OSHA Services................................................................................... 50

3

Introduction
The essence of hazard communication
The essence of hazard communication is a warning. We use thousands of chemical products throughout our lives, at home and at work. But most of us would be hard-pressed to distinguish safe products from hazardous ones without a warning the familiar skull and crossbones, for example. The warning tells us the product is hazardous, that it can harm us if we use it improperly.

Hazard communication in the workplace

In the workplace, hazard communication ensures that workers who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals know about the chemicals hazards and understand how to protect themselves from exposure.

The hazard communication process

Hazard communication begins when chemical manufacturers and importers evaluate their products to determine each products chemical hazards. Next, they prepare a material safety data sheet known by the abbreviation MSDS for each product. Hazard communication warns An MSDS includes detailed information about the us that a chemical product is products hazards. Manufacturers and importers must hazardous and tells us how the product can harm us if we include an MSDS and a warning label with each container of product that they ship to a customer. use it improperly. The part of the process that affects your workplace is the written hazard communication plan. The plan, which you produce, must identify hazardous chemicals at your workplace and describe how you will use material safety data sheets, warning labels, and training to protect employees and keep them informed about the products chemical hazards.

Hazard communication rules

Oregon OSHAs hazard communication rules affect all Oregon workplaces that have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals. The purpose of these rules is to ensure that workers who use hazardous chemicals know why the chemicals can harm them and how to handle the chemicals safely. (For more information, see Pages 24-25.)

Steps in the hazard communication process

1
MSDS

Chemical manufacturers or importers determine if the chemicals they produce are hazardous.

The manufacturers or importers document the chemicals hazards on material safety data sheets (MSDSs).

Warning label

hazardous chemical 3 Each that is sold to a customer must include an MSDS and

a warning label that identifies the chemical and warns of its hazards.

workplace purchases 4 Your hazardous chemical products from a manufacturer, distributor, or importer.

Your workplace

prepare a written hazard 5 You communication plan that identifies the hazardous chemicals your

employees may be exposed to and describes how you will use MSDSs, container warning labels, and training to keep them informed.

What is a hazardous chemical?

Oregon OSHAs definition of a hazardous chemical
Oregon OSHAs hazard communication rule, 1910.1200, defines a hazardous chemical as any element, chemical compound, or mixture that is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

Chemicals that are physical hazards

Chemicals that are physical hazards are unstable and, when handled improperly, can cause fires or explosions. A chemical that is a physical hazard has one of the following characteristics: Its a combustible liquid. Its a compressed gas. Its explosive. Its flammable. Its water-reactive. It starts or promotes combustion in other materials. It can ignite spontaneously in air.

Chemicals that are health hazards

Chemicals that are health hazards can damage an exposed persons tissue, vital organs, or internal systems. Generally, the higher the chemicals toxicity the lower the amount or dose necessary for it to have harmful effects. The effects vary from person to person, ranging from temporary discomfort to permanent damage, depending on the dose, the toxicity, and the duration of exposure to the chemical. Health effects range from short-duration symptoms that often appear immediately (acute effects) to persistent symptoms that usually appear after longer exposures (chronic effects). Health effects can be classified by how they affect tissue, vital organs, or internal systems: Carcinogens cause cancer. Corrosives damage living tissue. Hematopoietic agents affect the blood system. Hepatotoxins cause liver damage. Irritants cause inflammation of living tissue. Nephrotoxins damage cells or tissues of the kidneys. Neurotoxins damage tissues of the nervous system. Reproductive toxins damage reproductive systems, endocrine systems, or a developing fetus. Sensitizers cause allergic reactions.

How to determine if a chemical is hazardous

A chemical is hazardous if it is listed in one of the following documents: Oregon OSHA Division 2, Subdivision Z safety and health rules, Toxic and Hazardous Substances; Division 3, Subdivision Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances (Construction); Division 4, Subdivision Z, Chemical/Toxins (Agriculture) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment (latest edition). Published by the American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Commonly used hazardous chemicals

Listed in the table on Pages 8-9 are chemicals that are among those most commonly used in U.S. workplaces.

The key to handling a hazardous chemical safely is to know its properties: Is it explosive or toxic? What kinds of clothing or equipment can protect employees from it? What should employees do if its on fire?

Commonly used hazardous chemicals

Hazardous chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Harmful effects

May cause mutations in cells; can irritate the skin and eyes and cause unconsciousness and death. High exposures may damage the liver and kidneys. Can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. High concentrations can cause dizziness and loss of consciousness. Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Repeated high exposure can cause scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath. Can irritate the lungs and burn the eyes and skin. Long-term exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat. A cancer-causing agent that has been shown to cause leukemia. May also cause headaches and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. High exposure can cause convulsions and death. Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Repeated contact can cause drying and scaling of skin and may cause liver damage. High concentrations may cause dizziness and loss of consciousness. Can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat and cause nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Repeated or high exposure levels can cause kidney damage or stones and brain damage. May cause birth defects. May cause skin irritation and rashes as well as drowsiness. Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and may cause birth defects. Repeated or high exposure can cause kidney damage or stones. Brain damage also may occur. Can irritate the lungs. High exposure can cause buildup of fluid in the lungs, which can cause death. Can cause weakness and insomnia. Higher exposure can result in damage to the nervous and reproductive systems.

Acetone

Aluminum oxide

Ammonia

Benzene

Ethylbenzene

Ethylene glycol

Freon 113 Glycol ethers

Hydrochloric acid

Lead

Commonly used hazardous chemicals, continued

Hazardous chemical
Methanol Methyl ethyl ketone

Harmful effects

Irritates the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat and can cause liver damage. Can cause dizziness, headaches, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness. May cause birth defects. Irritates the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and may cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and loss of consciousness. Long-term exposure may damage the liver and kidneys. Can irritate the mouth, nose, throat, and eyes. Long-term exposure may damage the liver and kidneys and lead to genetic damage. May be a cancer risk. Major skin contact or inhaling it can cause death. Breathing the dust or droplets can irritate and burn the lungs. Contact can cause severe skin burns. Can severely burn the skin and eyes. Repeated long-term exposure can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath, and emphysema. A suspected human carcinogen that has caused liver cancer in animals. It may damage the liver and kidneys after low but repeated exposure. It can cause dizziness and loss of consciousness. Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat; high levels can cause loss of consciousness and death. It may damage fetuses. Repeated exposure may damage bone marrow and eyes and cause stomach problems.

Methyl isobutyl ketone

Phenol

Sodium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid

Tetrachloroethylene

Xylene

Want to learn more?

For comprehensive summaries about most hazardous substances, see the Agency for Toxic and Substances and Disease Registrys ToxFAQs fact sheets: www.atsdr.cdc.gov.

Preparing a written hazard communication plan

A hazard communication plan identifies the hazardous chemicals at your workplace and describes how you will use material safety data sheets, container warning labels, and training to inform employees.

Do you need to prepare a written plan?

You must prepare a written hazard communication plan if employees at your workplace use or may be exposed to hazardous chemicals.

Essential parts of a written plan

The plan must be specific to your workplace and include the following parts:

Essential parts of a written plan

The part
Hazardous chemical list

What to do
List the hazardous chemicals to which employees may be exposed in your workplace. The list must include hazardous chemicals in all forms liquids, solids, gases, vapors, fumes, and mists. If the chemical is hazardous and an employee could be exposed to it, include it on the list. Match each chemical on the list with its material safety data sheet. Update the list to keep it current.

Labels and other forms of warning Material safety data sheets Employee training

Describe how you will ensure that each hazardous chemical container has a label that identifies the chemical and has an appropriate hazard warning. Describe where you will keep material safety data sheets and whom to contact if one is missing or incomplete. Describe how you will train employees about chemical hazards to which they may be exposed; include how employees can protect themselves, how to read warning labels and material safety data sheets, and where employees can review material safety data sheets. Describe how you will inform employees about hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed during nonroutine tasks; identify the tasks and the information that you will provide. Describe how you will inform employees about hazardous chemicals in pipes that run through their work areas. Describe how you will inform contractors employees about hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed at your workplace and what they can do to protect themselves.

Hazardous nonroutine tasks Hazardous chemicals in pipes Information for contractors

10

Example of a written hazard communication plan

Appendix 1 includes examples, in English and Spanish, of a written hazard communication plan. (See Pages 28-31.)

11

Using material safety data sheets

A material safety data sheet contains detailed information about a hazardous chemical products health effects and physical and chemical characteristics and safe practices for using it.

Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors

Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical product they produce. Distributors are responsible for ensuring that you have a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical product they sell to you.

What to do if you use hazardous chemical products at your workplace

You must have a current material safety data sheet for each product. Employees must be able to review material safety data sheets in their work area at any time. You can keep material safety data sheets in a notebook or on a computer; however, employees must be able to obtain the information immediately in an emergency. One person should be responsible for managing all the material safety data sheets at your workplace. The person should ensure that the list of hazardous chemicals is current, that the identity of each chemical on the list matches its identity on its material safety data sheet, and that incoming hazardous-chemical containers have material safety data sheets.

What to do when you no longer use a hazardous chemical at your workplace

When you no longer use a hazardous chemical, you dont need to keep its material safety data sheet. However, you do need to keep a record for at least 30 years of the chemicals identity, locations, and the years in which it was used in your workplace. For more information about record-keeping requirements, see 1910.1020(d)(ii)(B), Access to employee exposure and medical records.

Information required on material safety data sheets

Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical product they ship to you. The following information must appear on each sheet.

12

Required information Description

Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical characteristics Physical hazards Health hazards Primary routes of chemical entry Permissible exposure limit (PEL) Carcinogenicity Typically, a common chemical name. (The identify of the chemical on a material safety data sheet must match its identity on the container label.) For example: vapor pressure, flashpoint, and solubility. For example: potential for fire, explosion, or reaction with water or other chemicals. For example: signs and symptoms of exposure, and medical conditions that might be aggravated by exposure. How the chemical enters the body. The maximum amount of the chemical that one can be exposed to during an eight-hour work shift. Based on findings in the National Toxicology Program Annual Report on Carcinogens or the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs (latest editions).

Precautions for safe use How to handle the chemical safely, hygiene and protective practices, and cleanup procedures for spills and leaks. Control measures Emergency and first-aid procedures Preparation date Name, address, and phone number The engineering controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment necessary to control exposure. How to respond to spills, leaks, contamination, and overexposure. The date the material safety data sheet was prepared or updated. Whom to contact for more information on the chemicals hazards and emergency-response procedures.

Example of a material safety data sheet for acetone

Acetone is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. It evaporates easily, is flammable, and dissolves in water. The example on the following pages highlights the minimum information you should see on a material safety data sheet for acetone. A real material safety data sheet will have more information.

13

An MSDS example: acetone

Chemical product and company identification
Item name: ACETONE, ACS Company name and address: xxxx Companys emergency phone number: xxxx Companys information phone number: xxxx Hazard characteristic code: F2 Unit of issue container qty: 16 OZ Type of container: BOTTLE Net unit weight: 0.8 LBS CAS #: 67-64-1

MSDS preparation date: 1/1/03

Identity of the chemical

Ingredient: ACETONE (SARA III) OSHA PEL: 1000 PPM

Physical and chemical characteristics

Appearance and odor: COLORLESS LIQUID, Boiling point: 133F, 56C Melting point: -138F, -94C Vapor pressure (mm hg/70 F): 180 mmhg Vapor density (Air = 1): 2.0 Specific gravity: 0.7972 Decomposition temperature: UNKNOWN Evaporation rate: 14.48 Solubility in water: MISCIBLE Corrosion rate (IPY): UNKNOWN Auto-ignition temperature: 869F MINT-LIKE ODOR

Physical hazard data

Flash point: 0F, -18C Flash point method: CC Lower explosive limit: 2.6 Upper explosive limit: 12.8 Extinguishing media: DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER SPRAY, ALCOHOL, FOAM Special firefighting protective clothing: WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND FULL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. COOL FLAME-EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER UNTIL WELL AFTER FIRE IS OUT. Unusual fire and explosive hazards: VAPORS MAY TRAVEL TO SOURCE OF IGNITION AND FLASH BACK. CONTAINER MAY EXPLODE IN HEAT OR FIRE. STAY UPWIND, OUT OF LOW AREAS.

Reactivity
Stability: YES Conditions to avoid: HEAT, SPARK, FLAME Materials to avoid: OXIDIZERS, ACID, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, CHROMIC ANHYDRIDE, CHOLOROFORM, ACTIVATED CARBON, NITRIC PLUS ACETIC ACID, OLEUM

14

Health hazard data

Route of entry Inhalation: YES Route of entry Skin: YES Route of entry Ingestion: YES Health hazards acute and chronic: NARCOTIC AT HIGH CONCENTRATION. INDUSTRY REPORTS NO INJURIOUS EFFECTS OTHER THAN SKIN DEFATTING AND HEADACHE AT PROLONGED INHALATION. Carcinogenicity NTP: NO Carcinogenicity IARC: NO Carcinogenicity OSHA: NO Explanation carcinogenicity: THIS CHEMICAL IS NOT LISTED BY IARC, NTP, OR OSHA AS A SUSPECTED OR CONFIRMED CARCINOGEN. Signs/symptoms of overexposure: IRRITATION OF EYES, NOSE AND THROAT; HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, AND DERMATITIS Medical conditions aggravated by exposure: SKIN AND RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS Emergency/first aid procedures: EYES, SKIN IMMEDIATE WATER FLUSH. INHALATION REMOVE TO FRESH AIR. INGESTION CALL PHYSICIAN! IF CONSCIOUS, INDUCE VOMITING.

Precautions for safe handling and use

Steps if released or spilled: ELIMINATE IGNITION SOURCES. WEAR PROPER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. USE WATER SPRAY TO REDUCE VAPORS. TAKE UP WITH NON- COMBUSTIBLE ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND CONTAINERIZE FOR LATER DISPOSAL. Waste disposal method: TO BE PERFORMED IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL CURRENT LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. Precautions-handling/storing: DO NOT GET LIQUID OR VAPOR IN EYES, ON SKIN, ON CLOTHING. AVOID BREATHING VAPOR. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, FLAME. Other precautions: OBSERVE ALL LABEL PRECAUTIONS WHEN HANDLING EMPTY CONTAINERS AND POSSIBLE RESIDUE THEREIN.

Control measures
Respiratory protection: ORGANIC CANNISTER MASK OR SUPPLIED AIR, @1000 PPM Ventilation: USE ADEQUATE EXPLOSION- PROOF VENTILATION TO CONTROL AIRBORNE CONCENTRATIONS BELOW THE EXPOSURE LIMITS. Protective gloves: BUTYL RUBBER GLOVES ARE RECOMMENDED. Eye protection: FULL FACE SHIELD, SPLASH GOGGLES Other protective equipment: CHEMICAL RESISTANT CLOTHING, EYE WASH STATION, AND SAFETY SHOWER Work hygienic practices: WORK SAFELY. RESPECT THE MATERIAL. WASH AFTER HANDLING.

15

Using container warning labels

The purpose of a container warning label is to warn employees about the containers contents and to refer employees to an appropriate material safety data sheet for more information about the chemicals physical and health hazards. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors must ensure that each hazardous chemical product sold to you has a label that includes the chemicals identity, a hazard warning, and a name and address for additional information about the product. If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure that each hazardous chemical container has a legible label, in English, that identifies the chemical and warns of its hazards.

Containers that must be labeled

Original containers of hazardous chemicals from a manufacturer, importer, or distributor must have warning labels. Dont remove or deface them. If you transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container to an unlabeled container, label the container.

An exception for portable containers

You dont need to put a warning label on a portable container if you use it to transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container. However, the chemical in the container must be for immediate use. This means the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in which it is transferred. See 1910.1200 (c), Definitions.

Content of a warning label

A warning label must identify the chemical a common chemical name or a code name is acceptable and display a hazard warning such as DANGER or the familiar skull and crossbones. The identify of the chemical on the label, on its material safety data sheet, and on your hazardous chemical list must match. If youre not sure that a hazardous chemical container is properly labeled, contact the manufacturer or supplier. Make someone at your workplace responsible for ensuring that all hazardous chemical containers are properly labeled.

16

Examples of container labels for acetone

If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure that each hazardous chemical container has a legible label, in English, that identifies the chemical and warns of its hazards. This illustration shows acetone warning labels on an original container, an unlabeled (secondary) container, and a portable container.

Original container

Identity of the chemical Hazard warning

Secondary container
Label the container with the identity of the chemical

Hazard warning

d ferre s n a r T for se iate u d e m im only

Portable container

If you transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container to an unlabeled container, you must label the container with the identity of the chemical and include an appropriate hazard warning.

d re e er us sf r an fo ate y i Tr ed l m on

im

ACETONE Portable containers are intended for immediate use of a hazardous chemical by the person who makes the transfer. Suggestion: Mark the container with the identity of the chemical; a warning label is not necessary.

17

Identifying pipes containing hazardous substances

If your workplace has pipes that contain hazardous substances or that are insulated with asbestos-containing material, you must either place warning labels on the pipes to identify their hazards or use other methods, such as process sheets or written operating procedures, to warn employees. The rules covering these requirements are in Division 2, Subdivision Z, 437-002-0378, Oregon rules for pipe labeling.

Examples of pipes that contain hazardous substances

Pipes that contain physical hazards such as combustible liquids or compressed gas Pipes that contain health hazards such as toxic, carcinogenic, or corrosive chemicals The labeling method you use must clearly identify the location of the pipes and the substances in the pipes. This information must be conveyed by the labels or made readily available to employees in their work areas. If you use warning labels, apply them at the beginning and at the end of continuous pipe runs. If a pipe is above or below the normal line of vision, apply the label above or below the horizontal centerline of the pipe so that employees can see it.

Identifying pipes insulated with asbestos-containing material

You can use warning labels on the pipes or you can use other methods, such as process sheets or written operating procedures, to identify asbestos-containing pipes. The warning you use must specify the location of the pipes and these words:

Danger! Contains asbestos fiber. Avoid creating dust. Cancer and lung disease hazard.

If you use warning labels, apply them at least every 75 feet on continuous pipe runs. If a pipe is above or below the normal line of vision, apply the label above or below the horizontal centerline of the pipe so that employees can see it.

18

Training employees
Required hazard communication training
If you have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, you must inform them about the chemicals and train them when they are hired and whenever they are exposed to a new chemical hazard or a process change. Required employee training: Where to find and how to read the hazard communication plan, the list of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets. The operations in which hazardous chemicals are used. The physical and health hazards of hazardous chemicals used by employees. The meaning of warning labels on hazardous chemical containers and on pipes that contain hazardous substances. How to recognize emergencies involving hazardous chemicals. How to use personal protective equipment.

Who can train employees?

Choose a person who understands the above topics and has the skills to conduct the training. Its important that employees are taught which hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to and understand how to use the information on container warning labels and material safety data sheets to protect themselves. Forms such as those on the following pages help you document that employees have received hazard communication training.

19

Example of a hazard communication training form

Use a form such as this one to document that an employee has been trained about hazardous chemicals used in the workplace as required by Oregon OSHA hazard communication rules.

I have been informed about the hazardous chemicals that I may be exposed to during my work and I have received training on the following topics:
An overview of the requirements in Oregon OSHAs hazard communication rules. Hazardous chemicals present in the workplace. The written hazard communication plan. Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals. Methods to determine the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area. How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals through use of exposure controls/work practices and personal protective equipment. Steps we have taken to reduce or prevent exposure to these chemicals. Emergency procedures to follow if exposed to these chemicals. How to read labels and review material safety data sheets.

Note to employee: This form becomes part of your personnel file; read and understand it before signing. Employee:_____________________________________________Date:_________ Trainer:_______________________________________________Date:_________

20

Ejemplo de un formulario de capacitacin en comunicacin de riesgo

Utilice un formulario como este para documentar que un trabajador a recibido entrenamiento acerca de los qumicos peligrosos utilizados en el lugar de trabajo como es requerido por las normas de comunicacin de riesgo de Oregon OSHA.

Se me ha informado acerca de los qumicos peligrosos a los cuales podra estar expuesto durante mi trabajo y he recibido entrenamiento sobre los siguientes temas.
Una descripcin general de los requisitos de la normas de comunicacin de riesgo de Oregon OSHA. Qumicos peligrosos que se hallan en el lugar de trabajo. El programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo. Los efectos fsicos y a la salud causados por qumicos peligrosos. Los mtodos utilizados para determinar la presencia o descarga de qumicos peligrosos en el lugar de trabajo. Como reducir o impedir exposicin a estos qumicos peligrosos mediante el uso de prcticas de control de exposicin en el trabajo y equipo protector personal. Pasos que hemos tomado para reducir la exposicin a estos qumicos. Los procedimientos de emergencia a seguir si un trabajador se expone a estos qumicos. Como leer etiquetas y revisar hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales.

Trabajador: _________________________________________ Fecha:_________ Entrenador: _________________________________________Fecha:_________

21

Example of an employee training record

Use a form such as this one to record the workplace safety and health training each employee receives. Employee name__________________________________________________ Job description ___________________________________________________

Training date

Subject of training

Description of training

Trainers name

22

Ejemplo de un expediente de entrenamiento de un trabajador

Utilice un formulario como este para registrar el entrenamiento relacionado a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo que recibe cada trabajador.

Nombre del trabajador _______________________________________________ Descripcin del trabajo ________________________________________________ Fecha del entrenamiento Tema del entrenamiento Descripcin del entrenamiento Nombre del entrenador

23

Navigating the rules

Oregon OSHAs hazard communication rules affect all Oregon workplaces that have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals. Following are rules that affect general industry, construction, and agricultural workplaces.

Hazard communication, general industry 1910.1200

Requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards of the chemical products they produce or import and to prepare container warning labels and material safety data sheets for hazardous chemical products they ship to customers. Requires distributors to ensure that each container of a hazardous chemical product is properly labeled before it is shipped to a customer and to ensure that a material safety data sheet for each product is included in the customers initial shipment. Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed through a written hazard communication plan, container warning labels, material safety data sheets, and training. Other rules that refer to 1910.1200 The following Oregon OSHA rules also require general industry employers to comply with the hazard communication requirements of 1910.1200. 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene 1910.1001 Asbestos 1910.1028 Benzene 1910.1027 Cadmium 1910.1048 Formaldehyde 1910.1450 Hazardous chemicals in laboratories 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response 1910.1052 Methylene chloride 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline 1910.119 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals

24

Hazard communication, construction 1926.59

Requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards of the chemical products they produce or import and to prepare container warning labels and material safety data sheets for hazardous chemical products they ship to customers. Requires distributors to ensure that each container of a hazardous chemical product is properly labeled before it is shipped to a customer and to ensure that a material safety data sheet for each product is included in the customers initial shipment. Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed through a written hazard communication plan, container warning labels, material safety data sheets, and training. Other rules that refer to 1926.59 The following Oregon OSHA rules also require construction employers to comply with the hazard communication requirements of 1926.59. 1926.1101 Asbestos 1926.1127 Cadmium 1926.65 Hazardous waste operations 1926.62 Lead

Hazard communication, agriculture 437-004-9800

Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed through a written hazard communication plan, container warning labels, material safety data sheets, and training.

25

Notes

26

Appendices
Appendix 1
Example of a written hazard communication plan...........................28 Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo............30

Appendix 2
A hazard communication glossary.....................................................32

27

Appendix 1:

Example of a written hazard communication plan

Your written plan should contain the elements in this example.
General The management of [this workplace] is committed to preventing accidents and ensuring the safety and health of our employees. We will comply with all applicable federal and state health and safety rules and provide a safe, healthful environment for all our employees. This written hazard communication plan is available at the following location for review by all employees: [location name]. All hazardous chemical containers used at this workplace will clearly identify the chemical on the label, and include an appropriate hazard warning and the manufacturers name and address. No container will be released for use until this information is verified. [Name of person] will ensure that all containers are labeled with a copy of the original manufacturers label or a label that has the appropriate identification and hazard warning. Material safety data sheets are readily available to all employees. Employees can review material safety data sheets for all hazardous chemicals used at this workplace. [Identify the file location if they are stored in a paper file. Describe how to access them if they are stored electronically.]

Container labeling Material safety data sheets

The material safety data sheets are updated and managed by [name of person responsible for managing the material safety data sheets]. If a material safety data sheet is not available for a hazardous chemical, immediately notify [name of person responsible for managing the material safety data sheets]. Training Before they start their jobs, new employees will attend a hazard communication class that covers the following topics:

An overview of the requirements in Oregon OSHAs hazard communication rules. Hazardous chemicals present in their workplace. The written hazard communication plan and where it may be reviewed. Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals. Methods used to determine the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area. How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals through use of control/work practices and personal protective equipment. Steps we have taken to reduce or prevent exposure to these chemicals.

28

Example of a written hazard communication plan, continued

Emergency procedures to follow if an employee is exposed to these chemicals. Hazardous chemical list Hazardous nonroutine tasks Chemicals in pipes How to read labels and review material safety data sheets. After attending the training, employees will sign a form verifying that they understand the above topics and how the topics are related to our hazard communication plan. The following list identifies all hazardous chemicals used at this workplace. [Include the list of hazardous chemicals.] Detailed information about the physical and health effects of each chemical is included in a material safety data sheet; the identity of each chemical on the list matches the identity of the chemical on its material safety data sheet. Material safety data sheets are readily available to employees in their work areas. Before employees perform nonroutine tasks that may expose them to hazardous chemicals, they will be informed by their supervisors about the chemicals hazards. Their supervisors also will inform them about the safe work practices necessary to control exposure and what to do in an emergency. Examples of nonroutine tasks that may expose employees to hazardous chemicals include the following: [include examples of nonroutine tasks.] Before working in areas where hazardous chemicals are transferred through pipes or where pipes are insulated with asbestos-containing material, employees will contact [name of person] for the following information: The chemicals in the pipes.

The physical or health effects of the chemicals or the asbestos insulation. Informing contractors The safe work practices to prevent exposure. It is the responsibility of [name of person] to provide contractors and their employees with the following information if they may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in our workplace:

The identity of the chemicals, how to review material safety data sheets, and an explanation of the container and pipe- labeling system. Safe work practices to prevent exposure. This person will also obtain a material safety data sheet for any hazardous chemical a contractor brings into the workplace.

29

Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo

Su plan escrito debera contener los elementos en este ejemplo.
General Etiquetado de los recipientes Hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales (HDSM) (MSDS en ingls) La gerencia de [Nombre del lugar de trabajo] se compromete a la prevencin de accidentes y a asegurar la salud y seguridad de nuestros trabajadores. Cumpliremos con todas las normas federales y estatales de salud y seguridad correspondientes y proporcionaremos un ambiente de trabajo seguro y saludable para todos nuestros trabajadores. Este programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo estar a disposicin de todos los trabajadores para su revisin en el siguiente lugar: [nombre del lugar]. Todos los recipientes de qumicos peligrosos utilizados en este lugar de trabajo indicarn claramente el qumico en la etiqueta, incluir una advertencia de peligro, e indicar el nombre y la direccin del fabricante. No se permitir el uso de ningn recipiente hasta que estos datos se comprueben. [Nombre de la persona] se cerciorar que todos los recipientes sin etiqueta se etiqueten con una copia de la etiqueta original del fabricante o una etiqueta que tenga la identificacin y advertencia de peligro apropiada. Las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales estn inmediatamente a disposicin de todos los trabajadores. Los trabajadores pueden revisar las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales para todos los qumicos peligrosos que se utilizan en este lugar de trabajo. [Indique el lugar del archivo si se archivan en papel. Explique como se pueden localizar si se almacenan electrnicamente.] La hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales se mantienen al corriente y son llevadas por [Nombre a la persona responsable que lleva las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales.] Si una hoja de datos de seguridad de los materiales no se encuentra para un qumico peligroso, avise inmediatamente a [Nombre a la persona responsable que lleva las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales.]

Educacin Antes de iniciar sus labores, los trabajadores nuevos asistirn a una y entrenamiento clase de entrenamiento de comunicacin de riesgo que abarca los siguientes temas: Una descripcin general de los requisitos de la normas de comunicacin de riesgo de Oregon OSHA. Los qumicos que se hallan en el lugar de trabajo. El lugar y la disponibilidad del programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo y donde puende per revisado. Los efectos fsicos y a la salud de los qumicos peligrosos. Los mtodos utilizados y la tcnica de observacin para determinar la presencia o descarga de qumicos peligrosos en el lugar de trabajo. Como reducir o impedir exposicin a estos qumicos peligrosos mediante el uso de prcticas de control y trabajo y equipo protector personal.

30

Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicacin de riesgo, continuacin

Pasos que hemos tomado para reducir la exposicin a estos qumicos. Los procedimientos de emergencia a seguir si un trabajador se expone a estos qumicos. Como leer etiquetas y revisar hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales. Despus de asistir al adiestramiento, cada empleado firmar un formulario para verificar que entendieron los temas arriba mencionados y como stos se relacionan con el plan de comunicacin de riesgo. Lista de qumicos peligrosos Tareas peligrosas no rutinarias La lista que sigue identifica todos los qumicos en este lugar de trabajo. [Incluya la lista de qumicos peligrosos.] Datos detallados acerca de los efectos fsicos y a la salud de cada qumico estn incluidos en la hoja de datos de seguridad del material. La identidad de cada qumico en la lista corresponde con la identidad del qumico en su hoja de datos de seguridad del material. Las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales estn disponibles para los trabajadores en sus reas de trabajo. Antes de que los trabajadores empiecen tareas no rutinarias que puedan exponerlos a qumicos peligrosos, sus supervisores les informarn acerca de los peligros de los qumicos. Los supervisores tambin les informarn acerca de las prcticas seguras de trabajo necesarias para controlar la exposicin y que hacer en caso de una emergencia. Ejemplos de tareas no rutinarias que puedan exponer a los trabajadores a qumicos peligrosos incluye lo siguiente: [Incluya ejemplos de tareas no rutinarias.]

Sustancias qumicas Antes de desempear tareas laborales donde qumicos peligrosos en tubera se transfieren por tubera o donde la tubera est aislada con material que contiene asbesto, los trabajadores se comunicarn con [Nombre de la persona] para los siguientes datos: Las sustancias qumicas en la tubera. Los peligros fsicos y a la salud de los qumicos o del asbesto aislante. Las prcticas de trabajo seguro para prevenir exposicin. Informando a Es la responsabilidad de [Nombre de la persona] proporcionar a contratistas los contratistas y a sus trabajadores la siguiente informacin si es que pudieran ser expuestos a qumicos peligrosos en su lugar de trabajo: La identidad de los qumicos, como revisar las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales, y una explicacin del etiquetado de recipientes y de la tubera. Las prcticas de trabajo seguro para prevenir exposicin. Esta persona tambin obtendr la hoja de datos de seguridad del material para cualquier qumico peligroso que traiga el contratista al lugar de trabajo.

31

Appendix 2:

A hazard communication glossary

absolute pressure absorb, absorption ACGIH acid The total pressure within a vessel or pipe not offset by external atmospheric pressure. To take in and make a part of an existing whole. The penetration of a solid substance by a liquid through capillary, osmotic, solvent, or chemical action. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. ACGIH develops and publishes recommended occupational exposure limits for chemical substances and physical agents. Any chemical that undergoes dissociation in water with the formation of hydrogen ions. Acids have a sour taste and may cause severe burns. They turn litmus paper red and have pH values of 0 to 6.

action level Exposure level at which OSHA regulations to protect employees take effect. Exposure at or above the action level is termed occupational exposure. Exposure below this level also may be harmful. acute effect Adverse effect on a human or animal body that takes place soon after exposure.

acute toxicity Adverse effects resulting from a single dose of or exposure to a substance. adsorb, adsorption To collect gas or liquid molecules on the surface of another material. aerosol air-line respirator air-purifying respirator ALARA alkali ambient Fine aerial suspension of liquid (mist, fog) or solid (dust, fume, smoke) particles small enough to be stable. A respirator that is connected to a compressed breathable air source by a small-diameter hose. The air is delivered continuously or intermittently in a sufficient volume to meet the wearers breathing requirements. A respirator that uses chemicals to remove specific gases and vapors from the air or that uses a mechanical filter to remove particulate matter. An air-purifying respirator must be used only when there is sufficient oxygen to sustain life and the air contaminant level is below the concentration limits of the device. Acronym for as low as reasonably achievable. Any chemical substance that forms soluble soaps with fatty acids. Alkalis are also known as bases and may cause severe burns. Alkalis turn litmus paper blue and have pH values from 8 to 14. Usual or surrounding conditions.

anhydride A compound formed by removing water from a more complex compound. anhydrous A substance in which no water molecules are present as hydrate or as water crystallization.

32

ANSI appearance aqueous asbestosis asphyxia

American National Standards Institute. A privately funded organization that identifies industrial/public national consensus standards and coordinates their development. Physical state of a material. Water-based solution or suspension. A gaseous compound dissolved in water. Chronic lung disease caused by inhaling airborne asbestos fibers. Lack of oxygen and interference with the oxygenation of the blood. Can lead to unconsciousness.

asphyxiant Vapor or gas that causes unconsciousness or death by suffocation. Most simple asphyxiants are harmful to the body only when they become so concentrated that they reduce oxygen in air (normally 21 percent) to dangerous levels (16 percent or lower). Some chemicals, such as carbon dioxide, function as chemical asphyxiants by reducing the bloods ability to carry oxygen. ASTM asymptomatic atmosphere (atm.) autoignition temperature base biological exposure indexes (BEI) American Society for Testing and Materials Neither causing nor exhibiting symptoms. Pressure measurement. One atmosphere (atm) equals 14.7 lbs./sq. in. Minimum temperature to which a substance must be heated without flame or spark to cause the substance to ignite. Substances that usually liberate OH anions when dissolved in water. Bases react with acids to form salts and water. Bases have a pH greater than 7, turn litmus paper blue, and may be corrosive to human tissue. A strong base is called alkaline or caustic. Numerical values derived from procedures to determine the amount of a material absorbed into the human body by measuring it or its metabolic products in tissue, fluid, or exhaled air.

biodegradable Organic materials capacity for decomposition from attack by microorganisms. biological monitoring boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) body burden boiling point (BP) bonding Periodic examination of body substances, such as blood or urine, to determine the extent of hazardous material absorption. Condition in which liquids are excessively heated, which may result in the violent rupture of a container and the rapid vaporization of the material. The possibility of a BLEVE increases with the volatility of the material. Total amount of a toxic material that a person has ingested or inhaled from all sources over time. Temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor state at a given pressure. Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire hazards. Safety practice where two objects are interconnected with clamps and bare wire. This equalizes electrical potential between the objects and helps prevent static sparks that could ignite flammable materials.

33

British thermal unit (BTU) Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree F at 39.2F, its temperature of maximum density. buffer C calorie carbon dioxide (CO2) Substance that reduces the change in hydrogen ion concentration (pH) that otherwise would be produced by adding acids or bases to a solution. Centigrade, a unit of temperature. Standard unit of heat. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1C. Heavy, colorless gas produced by combustion and decomposition of organic substances and as a by-product of chemical processes. Will not burn, relatively nontoxic, and unreactive. Can cause oxygen-deficient environments in large concentrations. Is useful as fire-extinguishing agent to block oxygen and smother fire. Colorless, odorless, flammable, and very toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon compounds and as a by- product of many chemical processes. A chemical asphyxiant, it reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen. Substance or agent capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals. An assigned number that identifies a chemical. CAS stands for Chemical Abstracts Service, an organization that indexes information published in Chemical Abstracts by the American Chemical Society and that provides index guides by which information about particular substances may be located in the abstracts. The CAS number is a concise, unique means of material identification. Substance that modifies a chemical reaction (makes it faster or slower) without being consumed. See alkali. One of the methods used to measure flash points of flammable liquids. Maximum allowable human exposure limit for airborne substances; not to be exceeded even momentarily. 1/100 meter. One centimeter equals approximately 0.4 inch. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. The Superfund Law. The EPA has jurisdiction. Code of Federal Regulations. A collection of the regulations established by law. Any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or compounds. A respirator that uses a filter, sorbent, or catalyst to purify inhaled air that passes through a canister or cartridge. Typically effective for concentrations no more than 10 times the threshold limit value (TLV) of the contaminant if it has warning properties (odor or irritation) below the TLV.

carbon monoxide (CO)

carcinogen CAS

catalyst caustic CC (Closed Cup) ceiling centimeter, cm CERCLA CFR chemical chemical-cartridge respirator

34

chemical family chemical formula chemical manufacturer chemical name chemical reactivity CHEMTREC

Group of single elements or compounds with a common general name. Gives the number and kinds of atoms that comprise a molecule of a material. An employer in a workplace in which chemicals are produced for use or distribution. Scientific name that clearly identifies the chemical for hazard evaluation purposes. Ability of a material to chemically change. Undesirable and dangerous effects, such as heat, explosions, or the production of noxious substances, can result. 24-hour toll-free telephone number [800-424-9300], intended primarily for use by those who respond to chemical-transportation emergencies. Established by the Chemical Manufacturers Association.

chemical hygiene plan (CHP) A written plan that includes specific work practices, standard operating procedures, equipment, engineering controls, and policies to ensure that employees are protected from hazardous exposure levels to all potentially hazardous chemicals in use in their work areas. The chemical hygiene plan, under Oregon OSHA rules, includes training, employee access to information, medical consultations, examinations, hazard-identification procedures, respirator use, and record-keeping practices. chronic effect chronic exposure chronic toxicity CNS combustible liquids Adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time or that recur frequently. Long-term contact with a substance. Adverse effects resulting from repeated doses of or exposures to a material over a relatively prolonged period of time. Ordinarily used to denote effects noted in experimental animals. Central nervous system. The brain and spinal cord. Term used by NFPA and DOT to classify certain liquids that will burn, on the basis of flash points. NFPA and DOT generally define combustible liquids as having a flash point of 100 F or higher. They do not ignite as easily as flammable liquids; however, they can be ignited under certain conditions, and must be handled with caution. An arrangement whereby a retail distributor sells hazardous chemicals to an employer, generally in large quantities over time, and/or at costs that are below the regular retail price. Designation for material other than chemical name, such as code, trade, brand, or generic name. Material contained under pressure (dissolved gas, liquefied by compression or refrigeration). Relative amount of a substance when combined or mixed with other substances.

commercial account common name compressed gas concentration

35

conditions to avoid container

Conditions encountered during handling or storage that could cause a substance to become unstable. Any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. Under hazard communication rules (1910.1200), pipes or piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle are not considered to be containers. Expressed in inches per year. Liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in skin tissue at site of contact, or liquid that has severe corrosion rate on steel. Critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure. Critical pressure is the pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature. Relating to extremely low temperature as for refrigerated gases. Cubic foot. Cu ft is more common. Cubic meter. m3 is preferred. Pertaining to the skin. Dark purplish coloration of skin and mucous membrane caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood. Clean Water Act Material that can react by itself or with water/air, producing material hazardous condition. Breakdown of a material or substance into parts, elements, or simpler compounds. Removal of natural oils from the skin by fat-dissolving solvents or other chemicals. Ratio of weight to volume of a material, usually in grams per cubic centimeter. Used on or applied to the skin. Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from data obtained from the test methods as described in 16 CFR 1500.40 and categories of toxicity as described in 16 CFR 1500.3. The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies. LD50 is greater than 2 grams per kilogram of body weight. The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies. LD50 is greater than 200 milligrams and less than or equal to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight. The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies. LD50 is less than or equal to 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

corrosion rate corrosive critical pressure/temperature cryogenic cu ft, ft

3

cu m, m
3

cutaneous cyanosis CWA dangerously reactive decomposition defatting density dermal dermal toxicity nontoxic toxic

highly toxic

36

dermatitis designated representative dilution ventilation distributor DOT dry chemical dust employee employer endothermic engineering controls EPA EPCRA epidemiology ergonomics evaporation rate

Inflammation of the skin. Any individual or organization to whom an employee gives written authorization to exercise his or her rights. Air flow designed to dilute contaminants to acceptable levels. A business, other than a chemical manufacturer or importer, that supplies hazardous chemicals to other distributors or to employers. U.S. Department of Transportation Powdered fire-extinguishing agent, usually composed of sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. Solid particles suspended in air produced by some mechanical process, such as crushing, grinding, abrading, or blasting. Most dusts are inhalation, fire, or dust explosion hazards. A worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. A person engaged in a business in which chemicals are either used, distributed, or produced for use or distribution, including a contractor or subcontractor. A chemical reaction that absorbs heat. Systems that reduce potential hazards by isolating the worker from the hazard or by removing the hazard from the work environment. Methods include ventilation, isolation, and enclosure. Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Science that deals with the study of disease in a general population. Study of human characteristics for the appropriate design of living and work environments. Rate at which a particular material will vaporize when compared to the rate of vaporization of a known material. Evaporation rate can be useful in evaluating the health and fire hazards of a material. Material that produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to abrupt shock, pressure, or high temperature. An employee who is subjected during the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard; includes accidental or possible exposure. Subjected includes any route of entry: inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption. Concentration in air of a chemical that is thought to be acceptable. Fire extinguisher or extinguishing method appropriate for use on specific material.

explosive exposure or exposed

exposure limits extinguishing media

37

eye irritation practically nonirritating slightly irritating

Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from data obtained from test methods described in the 16 CFR 1500.42. The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces no noticeable irritation, or slight transient conjunctiva irritation. The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces slight to moderate conjunctiva irritation, slight corneal involvement, and/or slight iritis.

moderately irritating The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces moderate corneal involvement with or without severe iritis. severely irritating (or corrosive) Federal Register fiber fibrosis fire diamond fire point flammable chemicals aerosol, flammable The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces severe corneal involvement with or without severe iritis. Daily publication that lists and discusses the regulations of federal agencies. Basic form of matter, usually crystalline, with a high ratio of length to diameter. Formation of fibrous tissue, as in reparative or reactive process to particulates, in excess of amounts normally present in lung tissue walls. Symbol designed by the NFPA to give a quick number rating for the particular materials degree of health (blue), flammability (red), reactivity (yellow), and specific (white) hazard. Lowest temperature at which liquid will produce sufficient vapor to flash near its surface and continue to burn. Chemicals that fall into one of the following categories: An aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening. A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or a gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit. Any liquid having a flash point below 100 F; any mixture having components with flash points of 100 F or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive defined in 1910.109(a), that can cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. Minimum and maximum concentrations of flammable gas or vapor between which ignition occurs.

gas, flammable

liquid, flammable solid, flammable

flammable limits

38

flash back flash point

Occurs when a trail of flammable material is ignited by a distant spark or ignition source. The flame then travels along the trail of the material back to its source. Temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapor to ignite. There are several methods for testing flash points; flash points for the same material may vary depending on the test method. Visible suspension of fine droplets in a gas. Potential occurrence such as equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical. The scientific expression of the chemical composition of a material (e.g., water: H2O; sulfuric acid: H2SO4; sulfur dioxide: SO2). Temperature at which a material changes its physical state from liquid to solid. Fully protective gear that keeps gases, vapor, liquid, and solids from any contact with skin and prevents them from being inhaled or ingested. Airborne suspension consisting of minute solid particles arising from the heating of a solid. Gram. Metric unit of weight. Formless fluid that occupies the space of its enclosure. Can settle to the bottom or top of an enclosure when mixed with other materials. Can be changed to its liquid or solid state only by increased pressure and decreased temperature. Removal of contaminated air and its replacement with clean air from general workplace area. Identify of a chemical other than its chemical name. Pertaining to or carried by genes. Hereditary. Metric unit of mass weight. One U.S. ounce is about 28 grams and one pound is 454 grams. Expression of dose used in oral and dermal toxicology testing to indicate the grams of substance dosed per kilogram of animal body weight. Words, pictures, or symbols that convey specific physical and health hazards Breaking down or separation of a substance into its constituent parts, elements, or simpler compounds accompanied by the release of heat, gas, or hazardous materials. Any chemical whose presence or use is a physical hazard or a health hazard. Hazardous substances that make up a mixture.

fog foreseeable emergency formula freezing point full protective clothing fume g gas

general ventilation generic name genetic gram gram/kilogram hazard warning hazardous decomposition hazardous chemical hazardous ingredients

39

hazardous material hazardous materials identification system (hmis) hazardous waste number health hazard

Any substance or mixture of substances having properties capable of producing adverse effects on the health or safety of a human being. Developed by the NPCA to provide information about health, flammability, and reactivity hazards encountered in the workplace. A number is assigned to a material indicating the degree of hazard, from 0 for the least up to 4 for the most severe. Letters are used to designate personal protective equipment. Identification number assigned by the EPA, per RCRA law, to identify and track hazardous wastes. A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The blood-forming mechanism of the human body. Pertaining to the liver. A substance that causes injury to the liver. A chemical that has any of the following categories: Has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats between 200 and 300 grams each. Has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each. Has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust when administered by continuos inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. Organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the main sources of hydrocarbons for industry. Materials having large molecules that absorb and retain water, causing them to swell and frequently to gel. Readily adsorbing available moisture in any form. Self-igniting upon contact of its components without a spark or external aid. Insufficient oxygen, especially applied to body cells. Any chemical or common name that is indicated on the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the chemical. The identity must permit cross references to be made among the required list of hazardous chemicals, the label, and the MSDS.

hematopoietic system hepatic hepatotoxin highly toxic

hydrocarbon hydrophilic hygroscopic hypergolic hypoxia identity

40

ignition temperature inhalation toxicity nontoxic toxic

Lowest temperature at which a combustible material will catch fire in air and will continue to burn independently of the source of heat when heated. Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from the test methods and categories of toxicity described in 16 CFR 1500.3. The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 200 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less. The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 2 milligrams and less than or equal to 200 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less. The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) is less than or equal to 2 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less. The hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in which it is transferred. Maximum concentration from which one could escape within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or any life and irreversible health effects. The first business with employees within the customs territory of the U.S. that receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries for the purpose of supplying them to distributors or employers within the U.S. Materials that could cause dangerous reactions from direct contact with one another. Anything other than the active ingredient in a product; not having active properties. Taking in a substance through the mouth. Breathing in a substance as a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust. Compounds derived from other than vegetable or animal sources; generally, inorganic materials do not contain carbon atoms. Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid. Substance that will cause an inflammatory response or reaction of the eye, skin, or respiratory system. Metric unit of weight, about 2.2 pounds. Any written, printed, or graphic sign or symbol displayed on containers of hazardous chemicals; includes identity of the material, appropriate hazard warnings, and name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party. Time that elapses between exposure and the first manifestations of disease or illness.

highly toxic

immediate use immediately dangerous to health (IDLH) importer

incompatible inert ingredients ingestion inhalation inorganic materials insoluble irritant kilogram label

latency period

41

LC50

Lethal concentration 50, median lethal concentration. The concentration of a material in air that on the basis of laboratory tests is expected to kill 50 percent of a group of test animals when administered as a single exposure in a specific time period, usually 1 hour. LC50 is expressed as parts of material per million parts of air, by volume (ppm) for gases and vapors, as micrograms of material per liter of air (ug/l), or milligrams of material per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) for dusts and mists, as well as for gases and vapors. Lethal concentration low. The lowest concentration of a substance in air reported to have caused death in humans or animals. Lethal dose 50. The single dose of a substance that causes the death of 50 percent of an animal population from exposure to the substance by any route other than inhalation. LD50 is usually expressed as milligrams or grams of material per kilogram of animal weight (mg/kg or g/kg). The animal species and means of administering the dose (oral, intravenous, etc.) should also be stated. Lethal dose low. The lowest dose of a substance introduced by any route, other than inhalation, reported to have caused death in humans or animals. Toxic or irritation effects that occur at the site of contact with a chemical or substance. Drawing off and replacement of contaminated air directly from its source. Lowest concentration (percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when heat, electric arc, or flame is present. Written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical prepared in accordance with 1910.1200(g). Temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state. For mixtures, a melting range may be given. Milligram. One-thousandth of a gram. Milligram per kilogram. Dosage used in toxicology testing to indicate a dose administered per kg of body weight. Milligram per cubic meter of air. mg/m3 One-millionth of a gram. One-millionth of a meter; often referred to as a micron. One-thousandth of a meter. Extent to which liquids or gases can be mixed or blended. Suspended liquid droplets in the air generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by mechanically breaking up the liquid by splashing or atomizing.

LCLO LD50

LDLO

local effects local ventilation lower explosive limit (LEL) material safety data sheet (MSDS) melting point mg mg/kg mg/m3 microgram (ug) micrometer (um) millimeter (mm) miscible mist

42

mixture

Heterogeneous association of materials that cannot be represented by a chemical formula and that does not undergo chemical change as a result of interaction among the mixed materials. Milliliter. One-thousandth of a liter. For practical purposes, equal to 1 cubic centimeter. A measure of pressure in millimeters of a mercury column above a reservoir, or difference of level in a U-tube. Quantity of a chemical substance that has a weight in a unit numerically equal to the molecular weight. The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule. Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on impinger samples counted by light-field techniques (OSHA). The mucous-secreting lining that lines the hollow organs of the body. Substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell. Stupor or unconsciousness produced by narcotics or other materials. Localized death of tissue. Poisonous to the kidney. To render chemically harmless; to return the ph to the neutral level of 7. A poison that affects the nervous system. National Fire Protection Association The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Not flammable. A general formula for oxides of nitrogen (NO,NO2). These react with moisture in the respiratory tract to produce acids that corrode and irritate tissue, causing congestion and pulmonary edema. Symptoms of acute exposure can develop over 6 to 24 hours. Chronic exposure to low levels can cause irritation, cough, headache, and tooth corrosion. Exposure to 5 to 50 ppm of NO2 can cause slowly evolving pulmonary edema. Commonly produced by combustion processes, including motor vehicle engines. National Paint and Coatings Association The National Toxicology Program Dusts that do not produce significant organic disease or toxic effect from reasonable concentrations and exposures. Description of the smell of the substance.

ml mm Hg mole molecular weight mppcf mucous membrane mutagen narcosis necrosis nephrotoxic neutralize neurotoxin NFPA NIOSH noncombustible nox

NPCA NTP nuisance particulates odor

43

odor threshold olfactory opaque open transfer

Lowest concentration of a substances vapor, in air, that can be smelled. Relating to the sense of smell. Impervious to light rays. Any transfer that involves contact of a moving fluid with the atmosphere, air, or oxygen. Open transfer of flammable liquids, especially Class IA liquids, is dangerous due to the release of flammable vapors into the work area. Used in or taken into the body through the mouth. Ratings derived from data obtained from the test methods and categories of toxicity described in 16 CFR 1500.3. Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements with chain or ring structures. Exposure to a hazardous material beyond the allowable exposure levels. Reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen provided by an oxidizer or oxidizing agent. An oxidation reaction is always accompanied by an offsetting reduction reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound or atoms, molecules, or ions gain electrons. Substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. Chemical or substance that brings about an oxidation reaction. Small, separate pieces of an airborne material. Generally, anything that is not a fiber and has an aspect ratio of 3 to 1. Unit for measuring concentration of a gas or vapor in air. Parts of the gas or vapor in a million parts of air. Also used to indicate the concentration of a particular substance in a liquid or solid. The percentage of a liquid or solid (by volume) that will evaporate at an ambient temperature of 70 F (unless some other temperature is specified). Examples: butane, gasoline, and paint thinner (mineral spirits) are 100 percent volatile; their individual evaporation rates vary but each will evaporate completely.

oral oral toxicity organic materials overexposure oxidation

oxidizer oxidizing agent particulate parts per million (ppm)

percent volatile

permissible exposure limit Legally enforced exposure limit for a substance established by OSHA. (PEL) The PEL indicates the permissible concentration of air contaminants to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week, over a working lifetime (40 years), without adverse effects. peroxide personal hygiene personal protective The oxide of an element that contains an unusually large amount of oxygen. Precautionary measures taken to maintain good health when exposed to harmful materials. Devices or clothing worn to help isolate a worker from direct

44

equipment (PPE) petroleum distillate

exposure to hazardous materials. Complex mixture of hydrocarbons, liquid at normal ambient conditions, separated from crude oil and other refinery process streams by distillation. Scale of 0 to 14 representing acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solution. Pure water has pH of 7. A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water reactive. Condition of a material (solid, liquid, or gas) at room temperature. Any substance that is injurious to health and may lead to death when relatively small amounts are taken either internally or externally. A DOT term for an extremely dangerous poison, such as a poisonous gas or liquid, of which a very small amount mixed with air is dangerous to life. A DOT term for liquid, solid, paste, or semisolid substances other than class A poisons or irritating materials known to be a health hazard during transportation. Provides medical information on a 24-hour-a-day basis for accidents involving ingestion of potentially poisonous materials. Pathogenic and teratogenic compound used as a heat transfer medium. It accumulates in tissue. Chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules. See: personal protective equipment. A noncorrosive substance that produces severe skin irritation. To manufacture, process, blend, extract, generate, emit, formulate, or repackage. Four-digit number, prefaced by UN or NA, used in Canada under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulation for use by emergency personnel to identify a material in the event of an accident. Pounds per square inch absolute. Pounds per square inch gauge (i.e., above atmospheric pressure). Materials that ignite spontaneously in air below 130 F. Occasionally friction will ignite them. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Chemical transformation or change; interaction of two or more substances to form a new substance.

pH physical hazard

physical state poison

poison, class A

poison, class B

poison control center polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) polymerization PPE primary skin irritant produce product identification number psia psig pyrophoric RCRA reaction

45

reactive material

Chemical substance or mixture that will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or become self-reactive due to shock, pressure, or temperature. Includes explosive materials, organic peroxides, pressure-generating materials, and water-reactive materials. Tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the release of energy. Substance used in a chemical reaction to produce another substance or to detect its composition. The highest allowable airborne concentration that is not expected to injure a worker. Expressed as a ceiling limit or as a time-weighted average, usually for a 10-hour work shift. Substance that combines with oxygen or loses electrons to the reaction during a reduction reaction. Published by NIOSH. Presents basic toxicity data on thousands of chemical materials. Its objective is to identify all known toxic substances and to reference original studies. Amount of material that when spilled must be reported to the federal, state, and local authorities under CERCLA, EPCRA, and the CWA. Any agent that has a harmful effect on the adult male or female reproductive system or the developing fetus or child. Breathing system, including the lungs and air passages, as well as the associated system of nerves and circulatory supply. Devices that will protect the wearers respiratory system from overexposure by inhalation of airborne contaminants. Respiratory protection is used when a worker must work in an area where he/she might be exposed to concentration in excess of the allowable exposure limit. Someone who can provide additional information on the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency procedures, if necessary. Means by which material may gain access to the body (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact). Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Self-contained breathing apparatus State of immune-response reaction in which further exposure elicits an immune or allergic response. A person previously exposed to a certain material is more sensitive when he experiences further contact with it. Substance that, on first exposure, causes little or no reaction in humans or test animals but that, on repeated exposure, may cause a marked response not necessarily limited to the contact site.

reactivity reagent recommended exposure limit reducing agent registry of toxic effects of substances reportable quantity (RQ) reproductive- health hazard respiratory system respiratory protection

responsible party routes of entry RTECS SARA SCBA sensitization

sensitizer

46

signal words skin irritation

Distinctive words on MSDS s that alert the reader to the existence and relative degree of hazards. Signal words: Danger Materials that are highly toxic, corrosive to living tissue, extremely flammable, or are suspected human carcinogens. Warning Materials that are moderately toxic, have severe skin- irritation potential, cause allergic skin reactions, or are flammable. Caution Materials that have a low order of toxicity, produce only slight to moderate skin irritation, or are combustible. Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from data obtained from the test methods in 16 CFR 1500.41 and categories of toxicity in 16 CFR 1500.3 The undiluted product causes no noticeable irritation or causes slight inflammation of intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. The undiluted product causes well-defined inflammation of the intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. The undiluted product cause moderate to severe inflammation of the intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. The undiluted product causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations of the tissue structure at the site of contact on intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. Pourable mixture of solid and liquid. Dry particles and droplets generated by incomplete combustion of an organic material combined with and suspended in the gases from combustion. Percentage of a material by weight that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. Uniformly dispersed mixture. Composed of a solvent and a dissolved substance, called the solute. Substance, usually liquid, in which other substances are dissolved. Water is the most common solvent. Oxides of sulfur where x equals the number of oxygen atoms. Chemical name, CAS number, or other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance. Weight of material compared to equal volume of water: expression of density of material. Ability of a material to remain unchanged. A material is stable if it remains in the same form under expected and reasonable conditions of storage or use. Short-term exposure limit. Beneath the skin. Another name or names by which a material is known.

practically nonirritating moderately irritating primary skin irritant corrosive slurry smoke

solubility in water solution solvent SOx specific chemical identity specific gravity stability

STEL subcutaneous synonym

47

target organ toxin teratogen threshold limit value

Toxic substance that attacks a specific organ of the body. Substance or agent to which exposure of a pregnant female can result in malformation of the fetus. Airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all persons can be exposed day after day, without adverse effects. TLVs are expressed in three ways: TLV-C Ceiling limit, concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously. TLV-STEL Short-term exposure limit, maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period. TLV-TWA Time-weighted average, concentration for a normal 8-hour work day or 40-hour work week. The amount of material at a facility that requires emergency planning and notification under CERCLA. Sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material, generally by the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract. Study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons in living organisms. Also, substances that are usually harmless but toxic under certain conditions. Chemical or material that has evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard, and is listed in the RTECS manual. The substance causes harm at any dose level; causes cancer or reproductive effects in animals at any dose level; has a median lethal dose level of less than 500 mg per kg of body weight when administered orally to rats; has a median lethal dose level of less than 1000 mg per kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact to the bare skin of albino rabbits; or has a median lethal concentration in air of less than 2000 ppm by volume of gas or vapor, or less than 20 mg per liter of mist, fume, or dust when administered to albino rats. (TSCA) 40 CFR 700-799. Controls the exposure to and use of raw industrial chemicals not subject to other laws. Chemicals are to be evaluated prior to use and can be controlled based on risk. The act provides for a listing of all chemicals that are to be evaluated prior to manufacture or use in the U.S. EPA has jurisdiction. Trademark name or commercial trade name for a material given by the manufacturer. Any confidential formula pattern, process, device, information, or compilation of information used in an employers business that gives the employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitors. Time-weighted average exposure is the airborne concentration of a material to which a person is exposed, averaged over the total exposure time, generally the total workday (8 to 12 hours).

threshold planning quantity (TPQ) toxicity toxicology

toxic substance

Toxic Substances Control Act trade name trade secret

TWA

48

upper explosive limit (UEL) unstable use vapor vapor density vapor pressure vapor ventilation viscosity volatile organic compounds (VOC) volatility water reactive work area

Highest concentration (percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when heat, electric arc, or flame is present. Tending toward decomposition or other unwanted chemical change during normal handling or storage. To package, handle, react, or transfer. Gaseous state of a material suspended in air that would be a liquid or solid under ordinary conditions. Weight of vapor or gas compared to an equal volume of air; expression of the density of the vapor or gas. Pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its liquid in a closed container. Gaseous form of a solid or liquid substance as it evaporates. Circulating fresh air to replace contaminated air. Tendency of a fluid to resist internal flow without regard to its density. Used in coatings and paint because they evaporate very rapidly. Measure of how quickly a substance forms a vapor at ordinary temperatures. Material that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. A room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used and where employees are present. An establishment at one geographical location containing one or more work areas.

workplace

49

Services
Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees:

Appeals
503-947-7426; 800-922-2689; admin.web@state.or.us Provides the opportunity for employers to hold informal meetings with Oregon OSHA on concerns about workplace safety and health. Discusses Oregon OSHAs requirements and clarifies workplace safety or health violations. Discusses abatement dates and negotiates settlement agreements to resolve disputed citations.

Conferences

503-378-3272; 888-292-5247, Option 1; oregon.conferences@state.or.us Co-hosts conferences throughout Oregon that enable employees and employers to learn and share ideas with local and nationally recognized safety and health professionals.

Consultative Services

503-378-3272; 800-922-2689; consult.web@state.or.us Offers no-cost, on-site safety and health assistance to help Oregon employers recognize and correct workplace safety and health problems. Provides consultations in the areas of safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, occupational safety and health programs, assistance to new businesses, the Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP), and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).

Enforcement

503-378-3272; 800-922-2689; enforce.web@state.or.us Offers pre-job conferences for mobile employers in industries such as logging and construction. Inspects places of employment for occupational safety and health hazards and investigates workplace complaints and accidents. Provides abatement assistance to employers who have received citations and provides compliance and technical assistance by phone.

Public Education

503-947-7443; 888-292-5247, Option 2; ed.web@state.or.us Provides workshops and materials covering management of basic safety and health programs, safety committees, accident investigation, technical topics, and job safety analysis.

50

Standards and Technical Resources

503-378-3272; 800-922-2689; tech.web@state.or.us Develops, interprets, and gives technical advice on Oregon OSHAs safety and health rules. Publishes safe-practices guides, pamphlets, and other materials for employers and employees Manages the Oregon OSHA Resource Center, which offers safety videos, books, periodicals, and research assistance for employers and employees.

For more information, call the Oregon OSHA office nearest you. Salem Central Office 350 Winter St. NE, Rm. 430 Salem, OR 97301-3882 Phone: 503-378-3272 Toll-free: 800-922-2689 Fax: 503-947-7461 en Espaol: 800-843-8086 Web site: www.orosha.org Bend
Red Oaks Square 1230 NE Third St., Ste. A-115 Bend, OR 97701-4374 541-388-6066 Consultation: 541-388-6068

Medford
1840 Barnett Road, Ste. D Medford, OR 97504-8250 541-776-6030 Consultation: 541-776-6016

Pendleton
200 SE Hailey Ave. Pendleton, OR 97801-3056 541-276-9175 Consultation: 541-276-2353

Portland
1750 NW Naito Parkway, Ste. 112 Portland, OR 97209-2533 503-229-5910 Consultation: 503-229-6193

Eugene
1140 Willagillespie, Ste. 42 Eugene, OR 97401-2101 541-686-7562 Consultation: 541-686-7913

Salem
1340 Tandem Ave. NE, Ste. 160 Salem, OR 97301 503-378-3274 Consultation: 503-373-7819

51

Notes

Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches ... Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells ... Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath Burns the eyes and skin May cause liver damage Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes High exposure can cause convulsions May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness May cause birth defects Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches Brain damage may occur Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema Can cause severe skin burns Causes mutations of cells Major skin contact or inhalation ... May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness May lead to genetic damage May be a cancer risk auses death.....Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizzi

D C

B S

Oregon

OSHA

440-2034 (6/11)

OR-OSHA