Elifnaz ar 1875095

ASSIGNMENT 1 Citation and Microsoft Word

Objectives of the Assignment: Learning how to cite resources and to use well-known citation formats Getting familiar with formatting a documents

GRADING PART 1: 80 points 1. (5 points) 2. (5 points) 3. (9 points) 4. (9 points) 5. (5 points) 6. (9 points) 7. (5 points) 8. (5 points) 9. (5 points) 10. (5 points) 11. (7 points) 12. (6 points) 13. (5 points) PART 2: 20 points 1. (10 points) 2. (10 points) Total : 100 points.

Elifnaz ar 1875095 PART 1 FORMATTING DOCUMENTS In this question, your skills in formatting a document will be measured. Apply the followings to the text given at the end of this document.
1. Add your name, surname, student id as a header by aligning them to the

right of the page.

2. All main texts apart from the titles will be aligned both to left and right

(justified).
3. Change

Font size to 12 Font type to Times new roman. Line spacing to 1.15
4. Apply headings to the titles as The Apple-Samsung Lawsuits and References will be Heading 1 Case Study and Conclusion will be Heading 2 Intellectual Property Protectionwill be Heading 3 DO NOT CHANGE THE HEADING FORMATS MANUALLY, MODIFY THEM FROM THE STYLES SECTION ON THE HOME TAB 5. Insert a page break before each Heading 2. 6. Apply the followings; Create a table for the information given under Table1. Change the design of the table from Table Styles. (You can use any design you want.) Insert caption above Table 1, the caption explanation will be Apple's damages claims. 7. Make the indentation of the first line of each paragraph 1.5 cm. 8. Change the margins of all pages as Top: 2 cm, Bottom: 2 cm, Left: 2 cm, Right: 2 cm. 9. Insert atable of contents at the beginning of the text. Select one of the automatic tables. Please be sure that each title and subtitles appear with their corresponding page number. 10. Add a cover page to the homework. Its type should be Sideline. Change Type the company Name as METU Informatics Institute, Type the document title as IS100 Introduction to Information Systems and Type the document subtitle as Homework 1 (See Figure 1) 11. Add page numbers to the footer. Page numbers will be in 1, 2, 3 format. 12. Find a picture about Samsung vs. Apple from images.google.com and insert the picture at the end of the first paragraph of the text. Align the picture to the center and insert a caption below the picture. Format the picture with a different picture style. 13. Take each page into boxes selecting box style from page borders in Page Background. See Figure 1 for the sample view of the some part of final document format.

Elifnaz ar 1875095 PART 2 CITING RESOURCES In this part, your skills in citing resources will be measured. In the first paragraph of the text there is an in-text citation numbered as [1]. Information about cited resource is below: Type of Source: Journal Year: 2013 Journal Name: Communications of the ACM Volume and Issue: Volume 56, Issue 1 Pages:28-31 Title: The Apple-Samsung Lawsuits Author: Michael A. Cusumano 1. Add reference section at the end of the text. Format the title of the section as Heading 1. 2. Add the resource given above into the reference section according to APA style. Also, change in-text citation accordingly.

Figure 1 Example view of final document

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The text to be formatted is on the next page

Elifnaz ar 1875095

The Apple-Samsung Lawsuits

Imagine the following scenario: The Cadillac Automobile Company, founded in 1902, is granted a set of patents in the U.S. and then worldwide that define the design and basic functionality of what becomes the modern automobile: four wheels, a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine, a closed steel body, and a round steering wheel. Then Henry Ford comes out with the much less expensive Model T in 1908 and quickly gains 80% of the market. After a brief lawsuit, a jury finds that Ford has violated Cadillac's patents and must cease production as well as pay extensive damages to Cadillac, now part of the General Motors Corporation.Two additional scenarios might have unfolded. One could be that patent protection for Cadillac stimulates further innovation. Competitors develop automobiles with batteries as well as fuel cells powering electric motors, hightech materials for convertible bodies, and joystick controls that resemble those of modern-day video game consoles. The intense competition spurs on advances in manufacturing methods as well, leading to lower prices. Lots of companies make money, and consumers have choices of varying quality and prices [1].

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Case Study
The basic facts of the case seem straightforward. The jury awarded Apple $1.05 billion in damages (which the judge might triple because Samsung was found to have willingly copied Apple). The lawsuit covered some two dozen older devices mostly sold outside the U.S., not the current models Samsung is pushing.4 Apple will have to go after the newer models and other potential patent violations in separate litigation, which it is doing. In fact, as many as 250,000 patents are filed that cover the design and functionality of the iPhone and other smartphones, and there are already dozens of lawsuits and countersuits between Apple and Samsung in 10 countries. Samsung has already fared better overseas. A Japanese court found in favor of Samsung, saying it did not violate an Apple patent on technology that synchronizes music and videos between devices and servers. Though Apple had sought only $1.3 million in damages, this is a victory for Samsung. A South Korean court also rendered a mixed decision in another Apple versus Samsung patent case. Table 1 summarizes some of theApple's damages claims. In the August 2012 case, the U.S. jurors found that all seven of Apple's patents were valid and that Samsung violated six of those that help define the look and feel of the iPhone. Four were "design patents" related to the appearance of the iPhone (the use of white and black on the devices and the rounded edges on the user-interface icons, which Samsung was found to have violated, and the tablet computer's rectangular design, which Samsung did not violate). Three "utility patents" were more technical, involving both hardware and software controlling how the device enlarges documents when the user taps the screen, distinguishes single-touch versus multitouch gestures, and appears to bounce back when scrolling to the end of a page.
Table 1/Apple's damages claims

Table 1. Claims 1 Some of Samsung's handsets, including its Galaxy S 4G model, infringed Apple's design patents for the look of its iPhone including the system it uses to display text and icons. 2 All the disputed Samsung devices had copied Apple's "bounce-back response", which makes lists jump back as if yanked by a rubber band. 3 Several Samsung devices incorporated Apple's facility allowing users to zoom into text with a tap of a finger. In the wake of the Samsung verdict in the U.S., the largest smartphone and tablet market in the world, we are likely to have more innovation as well as competition. Microsoft and its partner Nokia may benefit, for example, because they have not copied Apple's iPhone designs and iOS software so explicitly. The Windows 8 phones from Nokia have received good technical reviews, though they seem less intuitive to use, there are few compelling applications, and customers continue to prefer Android phones that look and feel like the Apple iPhone. Not surprisingly, Windows phones as of this writing had a mere 3% of the market.

Elifnaz ar 1875095 Intellectual Property Protection The broader issue, of course, involves the pluses and minuses of intellectual property protection hotly debated topic for decades. On one side are those who have argued successfully that companies will not have sufficient incentives to invest in research and product development if they are not allowed to capture the value generated by their investments for some significant period of time. On the other side are those who argue that intellectual property protection actually hurts innovation at a broader social level. Patents, because they grant temporary monopolies, might restrain the ability of other companies or individuals from making improvements or disseminating the technology to a broader user base. Other research has found that patents issued in a particular area (for example, around a specific protein molecule in biotech research) can have a "chilling" effect on further research in this area. Patents in this scenario can actually create disincentives for further research and development. In general, though, most governments have agreed with the former argument and that is why they have created patent systems, dating back at least to the 15th century in Europe. The U.S. patent system predates even the Constitution and currently provides protection for 20 years from the date of filing. It is also true that platform dynamics with skillful marketing can lead some companies to dominate markets without relying on patents (see my column "The Evolution of Platform Thinking," Communications, Jan. 2010). Microsoft achieved a 90%-plus market share with DOS and then Windows mainly through good fortune and timing (the deal in 19801981 to provide the operating system for IBM's new PC) as well as deliberate efforts to cultivate hardware and software partners, and long-term contracts with PC manufacturers. It also used specific pricing tactics and volume discounts (some of which were found to be illegal in the 1990s U.S. antitrust action).3 Most software companies have not viewed patents as useful to protect their products since there are often many ways to implement a particular function and work around a patented algorithm. But times have changed, and now many hardware and software companies are acquiring stocks of patents and suing each other with increasing frequency. Particularly worrisome are design patents, which appear broader and fuzzier than technical utility patents and might create undesirable consequences for users and competitors. The courts need to be careful as well as consistent when issuing such patents to make sure they do not overly inhibit innovations that are important to disseminate as broadly as possible. Recall that Apple once sued Microsoft in 1988 for copying the "look and feel" of the Lisa and Macintosh graphical user interface (GUI). Apple had engaged Microsoft in the early 1980s to create versions of Word and Excel for the Macintosh, which came out in 1984.

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Conclusion
Apple needs to be fully rewarded for its innovations. But if the company's patents and lawsuits prevent other firms from creating elegant, simple-to-use products patterned after the iPhone and the iPad but perhaps better, faster, and cheaper, then it will be a sorry ending to the current battle between Apple and Samsung. Perhaps there could be a middle-ground solution where, for example, Samsung, as well as Google and other companies, reach agreements with Apple to make royalty payments and then cross-license some of their own patents. In fact, a recent court did this with a lawsuit filed between Apple and Motorola, and Apple and Google are already engaged in patent discussions.With a negotiated outcome, companies would be able to take better advantage of the innovations they and their competitors produce, while giving proper credit to the innovators and allowing them a fair return on investment. The definition of "fair" will be another matter of negotiation and litigation. Nonetheless, even small royalties on every Android device sold could quickly produce a financial windfall for Apple that exceeds current iPhone and iPad sales.

References