Mariette: Antiquities Service/Cairo Museum, purchase for Fr.

Schliemann: disc Troy stratigraphy Petrie: Egypt archaeology, pyramidology, pottery seriation Archaeology now: professional, careful excavation bc destruction, professional before: tunneling, not careful 3/2 phases: exploration, collecting (private, public), archaeology OR pre and post Napoleon Exploration: Herodotus, Eusebius, al Idrisi, al-Havami (Mujan al Budan), Fabris Wandering, Hor-Apollos Heiroglyphica/universal and moral truths Greaves: pyramid inch theory, disp by Petrie Norden drew Rosetta Stone: Hieroglyphic, Demotic, Greek Champollion: deciphers grammar/language Wilkinson: book desc ordinary E life (de Garies Davis carried on) Lepsius: catalog of monuments Reisner: modern Egyptology, American Erman/Gardiner: grammar and culture Seasons: Akhet: flood, Peret: growing, Schemu: dry Two Lands: kemet: black, dsrt: red Aswan/1 st cataract Hapy: god of flooding History: Manetho (quoted from Josephus Jewish Antiquities ), Sothic Cycle (Sopdet, but misalign w flooding, so farther away, errors), Kings Lists (Palermo Stone D5, Karnak TIII, Abydos Seti I, Saqqara RII, Canon of Turin) Palermo Stone: predyn divine to D5 Karnak: TIII first kings to TIII w SIP Abydos: omit SIP/Amarna until Horemheb, pass torch to Ramesses Saqqara: Anedjib/D1 w SIP but D12 mistakes Turin: with dates omit SIP serekh w falcon around name for start, Cosmogenies: Egypt inside void of watery chaos, heaven, earth, duat, circumpolar stars, Amduat, akhet, Hermapolitan: Ogdoad, 4 pairs of gods, Thoth, Heliopolitan: Ennead, 9 gods, Nut/sky, Shu/air, Geb/earth, Plutarchs Isis and Osiris, Memphite: Ptah, Shabaka Stone ref, Instructions for Merikare: respect gods, theyre our betters Paleolithic: cores/flakes (250,000-50,000) Levallois technique Middle: Acheulian hand axe, Levallois point Dendera first burial (55,000) @ Taramsa, Late: Wadi Kubbaniya (18-13000) fishing/hunting, backed bladelets, microliths have points and geometric, Gebel Sahaba 1 st violence, cemetery, simple burial/Wild Nile? Neolithic: divided to Western Desert/Nabta Playa (8800-4700) and Nile Valley/Faiyum/Delta (55-4000) Western Desert: Nabta Playa, three phases: Earliest phase 8800-5400 has pottery wells, small mud huts-probably permanent settlements. some herding of animals, wild plants Middle Phase 5400-5100 domesticated animals Late phase, 5100-4700 Megalithic structure w/standing stones, cattle under tumulus (Calendar circle, cattle cult?) Gilf Kebir (wetter conditions) Nile Valley: Nile Valley Neolithic, 5500-4000 Faiyum A, 5500-4500 domesticated grain, earliest in Nile Valley storage pits, like one w/sickle blade, to right silo groups domesticated sheep, goat, pig, Fishing, community agriculture suggested by grain silos, flake tools, improved lunate points, crude pottery, NO BURIALS OR PERMANENT HOUSING Merimde Beni Salama in SW Delta: 4750-4250, first complex settlement with stratigraphy/the first village, MBS III-V classic: large village with oval houses, first figurines in Egypt, pottery large and coarse, with burnishing for decoration, 400-2000 people in oval houses up to 3 m dia., Intramural child burials, w/out goods, no cemeteries (extramurial burial grounds) Badarian Egypt: Upper Egypt, no villages, extramural burials, earliest agriculture, status dif, ripple bowl type fossil, cosmetics, furnished afterlife, beads, copper, creepy statues, glazed beads, ivory Naqada: Amration: (40-3500), red slipped black top ware, warrior scenes on bowls, rectangular burials, ivory/creepy figurines, discoid macehead, mostly burials, poorly settled, faience beads, Gerzean: (3550-3150), marl-ware bowls (stag scene? Brownish, one of person?) , using planked/reed boats, foot-ware (bowl) ripple flakes, pear shaped maceheads, jewellery/precious metals, two towns, burials w jars, linen, pets, Tomb 100 at Hier kingship/social strat, WALL PAINTING, Nubt/Seth City, trade: imports from Canaan, Mesop nails, imitate cylinder seals, Nubian raw materials imported/egg shell bowls, Dyn0: (3150-3050) Narmer last king of D0, palate Menes united Egypt for DI, Abydos as Osirian city, Tomb U-j jars and hieroglyphs, record keeping D1: Merneith, Hor-Aha-Menes, burial at Abydos, Saqqara officials, reversed in 2-3 Khasekhemwy D2 lots of stuff (imitation of life in paintings), officials mastaba tombs, (OLD KINGDOM STARTS) D3: Djoser (descent from NiMaat-Hapy, matrilineal descent) divine of body, life size ka statue, tomb starts as mastaba, hebseb courts, dummy entrances, colonnades, imitative magic, ka statue/ser-dab face circ stars, complex galleries/ntwk, blue faience to show running hebseb, Instruction of Hardjedef make worthy your station in the west think of afterlife to son, Instruction to Kagemni: moderation and modesty let your name go forth while your mouth is silent dont boast of strength, lest you be opposed Instructions of Ptah-hotep: everything no one is born wisedont be biased, be a good person, Hunis unfin pyramid/Meydum, name in cartouche, D4: Sneferu (golden cartouche!!!) Hourus name, 2 ladies, golden horus, prenomen, nomen, (he has no prenom yet), Meydum and Dahshur pyrs, Bent Pyr satellite, valley temple, Red/North Pyr best, later on in Giza: valley temp, causeway, east/mortuary temple, satellite pyr, Khufus boat pits, empty rooms, air shafts toward stars, barge, vizier Hemiunu stone mastaba, reserve heads, Khafre incorp Re name, sphinx/valley temple/nemes headdress diorite, Menkaure: statues of wife and Hathor, pyr, statuary D5: Userkaf, queen mother Neferhetep, Khentkawes next mother w royal headdress and uraeus?! Sahure/Neferirkare two sons, Papyrus Westcar justify divine rule and three sons/two qms, (no prenom yet) temples and pyramids dont survive, sun temples like pyr complexes, Niuserres best preserved, Sahures reliefs best, nothing else, Abusir Papyri: admin in action for Neferrirkares pyr/Saqqara, Unas: last king pyr texts written Ti: false door, offerings/building pyramids D6: Teti I married Unas daughter, Mereruka/vizier, large pyr complex, false statue, Pepi I: copper statues, Wenis autobio: PI killed, imp official, PII: ambitious provincial guys, alabaster statue=small! Harkhuf gov of Upper E, positions FIP: D7/8 not a lot, D9/10 Herakleopolis, Merykare, Akhtoy, Khety, D11 Thebes, Intefs Prophecy of Neferti: setting in D3, foreshadow Ameny/AI Re will w/draw from mankind, though he will rise at his hour...

Admonitions of Ipuwer kinds of order upset: natural, economic , political, crimes is everywhere Dispute Between a Man and His Ba: theme/issue and dilemma: to die without complete spirit Mans argument: nice tomb Bas counter: yes, but to glory of the architect, not us.Mans 2 nd argument: awful times, awful reputation Bas counter? Ill join you at the right time. Instructions of Merykare (D9/10) : do not prefer the wellborn to the commoner, granite comes to you unhindered Anhktifi: nomarch, overseer, save ppls lives bc provide food/starvation D10: Intef I/the great united, Intef II: reliefs MK: D11: capital/Thebes, rise of Amun, saff tombs at Deir el-Bahri, MII incorp Osirian beliefs in temple, Meket-Res temple reveals models of daily life, MIII: starts 3 trad: pylons, sea route from Wadi Hammamat to Red Sea and Punt, rock cut tombs, relief sculptures, D12: start with Amenemhet I at Itjtawy (A1-4 and S13) Semna and Buhen forts, Instructions of Amenemhet I to Senusret I: dont trust anyone Eloquent Peasant, Lahun: wkrs village, Kamares ware(foreign relations) trade with Syria, tomb painting Beni Hasan, Excecretion Texts, Coffin texts, SIs White Chapel at Karnak, Tale of Sinuhe: little guy wins, Eygpt is best, Shipwrecked Sailor: redemption, lost gold/valubles, AII kept annals of trade/deeds, military exploits, treaties, SII: nomarch suppression, study abroad, Faiyum irrigation, dummy mastabas first, SIII: pathetic statuary, brutal wars in Nubia, AIII: lion like statue, gentle reign, last major ruler burial at Hawara, the labyrinth, SIP (external collapse, not like FIP): D13 unknown, D14-5 Avaris, Hyksos, (FIP settled, Canaanite), scarab seals, but C. burial (weapons, position) Knossos trade with Hyksos, frescos, horse, weaponry, chariot. D16-7 Thebes, Kerma/Kush D16 unknown kings, forts/rectilinear (Kamoses needs, Deir el Ballas) D17 Intefs, Kamose wins (stelae, prop. Against Kush and Avaris/Carnarvon Tablet), (Tao II Seqenenre father, letter insult) Kush: Buhen+Semna, Kerma Ware (wealthy), Kermans nomads, fought on $, united w/ gold NK D18/Thebes Ahmose I kick H.out (Tempest/Donation stelae), Ahmose Golden Fly, Aahotep (AI mother) maat restoration (monuments=legit) (Deir el Bahri, VoK/Q tombs), Abydos cenatophs return, festivals: Opet (living king/Horus) Festival of the Valley (dead king, to West/Osiris) Book of the Dead mass prod(mouth, heart, piety, neg conf), nobility burial (lots), dockets (caches of mummies), Amenhotep I(1551-24), Deir elMedina (wkers town), Thutmose I (Syrian campaign, Nubian, pylon gateways, column halls, obelisks, at Karnak, KV20 w Hatshepsut, moved l8tr), TII (weak, married Hatshepsut, T3 as coregent), Hatshepsut (1st female pharaoh, daughter of Re, statue, rule 20yrs obelisk, seb fest, receive kingship, khpresh headdress for battle, Hathor, Deir el Bahri tomb, temple orientation to Mut and Karnak/Red Chapel, Punt Voyage/Red Sea/trade/Mersa Gawasis), TIII (control isfet/maat, smite enemies @ Karnak, Napoleon, Annals for conquests Karnak/Amun temple, Gebel Barkal stelae 4 thcataract, opp end of empire, tribute bc strong, incorp Syrian culture in E, Mit. glass making, cartouche, Litany of Re, Bk of what is in Amduat), Rekhmire: vizier bt wealth, trade, Amenhotep II (copper, trade w Mycenae, blue!!, Memphis Stelae as intl, trade and E. as superior, tomb painting Amduat depicted, Userhat official for troops), TIV: Dream Stelae/kingship, monuments, life from gods, some military themes, but bureaucrats more important, Ipy, Sobekhotep: tribute, fishing, less military more wealth and Syrian stuff), AIII: prelude to Amarna age, peace, architecture, deified as sun god, largest K temple Colossi of Mennon/raided later/artificial lake Malkata/built for Queen Tiye, rebuilt Luxor 100% w forecourts, trade/comm./letters in Akkadian, married Mit and Bab princess, gift exchange/tributes Akhenaten: solarisation, banned Osiris/co, intimate scenes with fam, Nefertiti!, at Malkata first, then Akhet-Aten and Amarna, Karnak temple=fast destruction/construction/ talatat blocks, window of appearances Perennefer, Kings Bridge, an admin cent, clerestory architecture, maximise light, realistic face/grotesque bc disorders, Bek designed, influence on Bible, Neferneferu-Aten-Nefertiti: Nefertiti, ruled bt S & T, Smenkhkare: As young bro no role?, Tut: Restoration Stelae, go back, like pessimistic lit, Inuias tomb, no king though, Piay tomb with Horus and Osiris, tombs w no kings, 2 nd sarc not the same, match KV55, mum Kiya, Ay+Horemheb help, treasurer MAYA RESTORE, tomb messy, lively scenes tho, wife Akhesenamun, 11/22 Carter, crook/flail for rule Ay: (1325-1) married Ankh finished Tuts tomb/lots of magical inscription, D19 Horemheb: (1321-1293), commander in chief, rank w army guys, Kanark pylons, missing mummy/vandalised, appt Ramesses/vizier), Ramesses I: Seth man from Avaris, Seti I: rep of births, cleaning up still, underworld texts, nicest tomb, king list, Abydos temple to Osiris w pylons RII emb by gods, RII the great: battles into Kadesh, (lost, but say won)=> peace treaty, Pi-Ramesses at Avaris/trade cent/Hittites help w stuff, big sculpture at Luxor, over AIII, temple at Abu-Simbel/deified w Osiris, Re, etc, Nefertari fav wife, treaties w Hittites, sending physician Merneptah: victory stelae, mention Israel once, Sea ppl come, stop invasion, D20: RIII: Harris Papyrus, labour strike, fake names, Harem Conspiracy, mort. temple at Medinet Habu, new/improved ships, RIV-XI: loss of empire, RIX: tomb robberies/insiders @ DeM, Instruction of Any: ave joe, be good to ppl, crooket sticks, market econ, women (D18), Instruction of Amenemope: morality/maat/charity more imp Report of Wenamun: market econ, show Es power dec, D21 Herihor: Amun priest, bc next king, rule in Thebes, Khonsu at Karnak, Philistines/Sea Ppls in Palestine, peleset tribe RIII kicked out, anthropoid clay coffins, D22-4: Libyan, Sheshonq, D25 Nubian Pianki linked to Amun, Shabaka Stone, D26 Saite/Greek, D27/31 Persian/Darius I, Greeks, Alexander the Great (33330) then Roman Empire (51-30 Cleo), Alexandria, cult of learning, influenced E. poetry: love, assets/attributes,