CHUYN AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A.NI DUNG PHNG PHP V BI TP MINH HA Dng 1: Gii ton axit da vo phn ng ca nhm chc COOH. 1.Tc dng vi kim loi kim: 2CnH2n + 1COOH + 2Na => 2CnH2n + 1COONa + H2 R(COONa)x + xH2 R(COOH)x + xNaOH -Ta c: n H2 : n axit = x : 2 => m l s nhm chc axit. - 2 axit tc dng vi Na c nH2 : n axit = 1: 2 => 2 axit u n chc. 2. Phn ng trung ha CnH2n + 1COOH + NaOH => CnH2n + 1COONa + H2O R(COONa)x + xH2O R(COOH)x + xNaOH -S nhm chc axit: x = -Hiu khi lng ca mui v axit: m = mmui - maxit = 22.mx (n l s mol axit)
- Hn hp 2 axit mch thng c t l: 1 => c mt axit n chc v mt axit 2 chc. 3. Phn ng vi mui.

2CnH2n + 1COOH + Na2CO3 => 2CnH2n + 1COONa + CO2 + H2O 2 R(COOH)x + x Na2CO3 => 2R(COONa)x + xCO2 + xH2O -Nu sau khi phn ng xy ra khng c kh thot ra => Na2CO3 c th d, sn phm to mui NaHCO3. CnH2n + 1COOH + Na2CO3 => CnH2n + 1COONa +NaHCO3 -Phn ng t chy mui hoc nung mui vi vi ti xt: 2CnH2n + 1COONa + (3n +1) O2=> Na2CO3 + (2n +1)CO2 + (2n +1)H2O CnH2n + 1COONa + NaOH CnH2n + 2 + Na2CO3 R(COONa)x + x NaOH => RHm + m Na2CO3

+ Lu : Axit HCOOH c tnh kh ca andehit, cho phn ng trng gng, trong dung dch NH3. HCOOH + Ag2O => CO2 + H2O + 2Ag