Kimberley

St.Hill March 10th. . Excess, Enlightenment and Revolution1600-1800 INTRODUCTION These turbulent centuries saw script and images increasingly used by people opposed to the monolithic authorities of church and state. The American Revolution and declaration of independence and Bill of Rights, inspired the French Revolution, the successful Haitan revolt against the French and, much later, the Russian Revolution and the Bolivar movement in South and Central America. The Graphic Arts were absolutely essential to all these developments. The 17th century was a relatively quiet time for graphic innovation. An abundant stock of ornaments, punches, matrixes and woodblocks were available from the renaissance period , and there was little need for innovation. Works by William Shakespeare and other authors were printed and reached wide distribution. The oldest surviving newspaper was published in Augsburg, Germany in 1609. England had its first two page running news publications, called corantos in 1621.

North America
Stephen Daye, a British locksmith, set up the first printery of the North American colonies in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1639. The first publication was The Whole Booke of Psalms, following the established tradition of publishing religious tracts to ensure sales. By 1775 there were 50 print shops in the 13 North American colonies. Copperplate engravings also became very popular, as newspaper- and book illustrations, as handbills and as affordable art for private homes

HANDBILLS

A small printed advertisement or other notice distributed by hand.

NEWSPAPER

A printed publication consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news.

POLITICAL PROPAGANDA.

Propaganda, simply put, is the manipulation of public opinion.

The Netherlands prospered as a seafaring and mercantile nation during the 17th century. Books printed in Dutch, English, French, German and Latin were printed and exported throughout Europe. The types designed by the great Dutch designer and punch cutter Christoffel van Dyck at this time were in continues use until 1810.

Dutch Printed Matter Amsterdam - Willem Jansz Blaeu

France Louis XIV.( -) ordered a committee of scholars to develop a new type for the Imprimiere Royal, the royal printing office established in 1640 to restore the quality of earlier printing, The result was a type called Romain de Roi, which could only be used by the royal printery , other use was a capital offence. Rococo was the style which flourished in France between 1720 and 1770. Florid and intricate it consisted of swirls and curls , pastel colours and lavish gold and white decorations. It found its strongest and most exaggerated expression during the reign of Louis XV and in the graphic designs of Fournier de Jeune, who also produced the first complete standardized design systems for printing. Publications reflected the extravagant, sensuous lifestyles of the wealthy , who were completely oblivious to the misery and militancy of the poverty stricken masses.

Rococo graphic design The 18th-century Rococo movement, characterized by complex curvilinear decoration, found its graphic-design expression in the work of the French typefounder Pierre-Simon Fournier. After studying art and apprenticing at the Le B type foundry, Fournier opened his own type design and foundry operation. He pioneered standardized measurement through his table of proportions based on the French pouce, a now-obsolete unit of measure slightly longer than an inch. The resulting standard sizes of type enabled him to pioneer the type family, a series of typefaces with differing stroke weights and letter widths whose similar sizes and design characteristics. Rococo Style Painting Style of 18th-century painting and decoration characterized by lightness, delicacy, and elaborate ornamentation. The rococo period corresponded roughly to the reign (1715-74) of King Louis XV of France. Its exact origins are obscure, but it appears to have begun with the work of the French designer Pierre Lepautre, who introduced arabesques and curves into the interior architecture of the royal residence at Marly, and with the paintings of Jean-Antoine Watteau, whose delicate, color-drenched canvases of lords and ladies in idyllic surroundings broke with the heroic Louis XIV style.

Rococo Fashion Fashion in the period 1700-1750 in European and European-influenced countries is characterized by a widening, full-skirted silhouette for both men and women following the tall, narrow look of the 1680s and 90s. Wigs remained essential for men of substance, and were often white; natural hair was powdered to achieve the fashionable look.Distinction was made in this period between full dress worn at Court and for formal occasions, and undress or everyday, daytime clothes. As the decades progressed, fewer and fewer occasions called for full dress which had all but disappeared by the end of the century. Rococo Architecture Rococo style in architecture, especially in interiors and the decorative arts, which originated in France and was widely used in Europe in the 18th cent. The term may be derived from the French words rocaille and coquille (rock and shell), natural forms prominent in the Italian baroque decorations of interiors and gardens. Rococo Furniture Design The Baroque style had flourished under the previous French king, Louis XIV. It was characterised by strong, dramatic and symmetrical forms. With the change of monarch came a change of style, architecture and furniture began to embrace a lighter and more elegant aesthetic, although in time the Rococo would to be criticised for being frivolous. The Rococo style displays an interest in delicate and playful natural forms.
This is an example of modern Rococo Furniture .

Modern Rococo Fashion

The French Revolution The bloody revolt against the monarchy also led to a rejection of its lush designs and to a return to classical ideals. In the forefront of this was Giambattista Bodoni, the son of a poor printer in Northern Italy, who developed a system of interchangeable fonts which heralded mass production and the machine age. It became known as the Modern style He published 345 books, mostly new editions of Greek and Roman classics, as well as a two-volume Manual of Type.

HERE ARE THREE EXAMPLES OF FRENCH REVOLUTION HANDBILLS

The origin of Information Graphics The foundation for information graphics is analytic geometry, developed and first used by Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Cartesian coordinates were later used by William Playfair to convert statistical data into symbolic graphics. His Commercial and Political Atlas was published in 1786

Cartesian Grid
A regular grid is a tessellation of n-dimensional Euclidean space by congruent parallelotopes. A Cartesian grid is the most common such system in practical use I take this to mean that the majority of all CFD analyses performed in the world today use Cartesian grids.

The Illuminated printing of William Blake. William Blake, (1757-1827) was an artist, poet and visionary. His integrated letterforms and hand coloured prints influenced 19th century Romanticism, expressionism, Art Noveau and abstract art. The image shows one of Blakes illustrated Poems.

Infant Joy by William Blake