Categories of Exceptionality Developmental Delay Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairments (Deafness) Speech and Language Impairments Visual Impairments

ments Including Blindness Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairments Other Health Impairments Specific Learning Disabilities Multiple Disabilities Autism Traumatic Brain Injury Gifted and Talented Intellectual Disability Characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before age 18. Classification of Intellectual Disabilities by IQ Score Classification by the degree or level of intellectual impairment as measured by IQ test Mild: 50-55 to approximately 70 Moderate: 35-40 to 50-55 Severe: 20-25 to 35-40 Profound: Below 20-25 Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Two primary behavioral excesses: 1. 2. Externalizing behaviors: Lying Temper Tantrum Stealing Property destruction Threats of violence or violence toward peers and/or teachers Internalizing behaviors Overly shy or immature Withdrawn Hypochondria Easily upset and difficult to calm

Autism Spectrum Disorders Characteristics: Repetitive, Ritualistic, and Unusual Behavior Patterns- some children exhibit stereotype-a pattern of persistent and repetitive behaviors Insistence on sameness and perseveration Unusual Responsiveness to Sensory Stimuli- about 70-80% exhibit abnormal reactions to sensory stimulation-hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. Speech and Language Disorders Characteristics Fluency disorders- stuttering and cluttering Voice disorders- a phonation disorder causes the voice to sound breathy, hoarse, husky or strained Language impairments- a receptive language impairment interferes with understanding of language, an expressive language impairments interferes with expression through language

Deafness and Hearing Loss Academic Achievement Students with hearing loss have difficulty with all areas of academic achievement, especially reading and math The gap in achievement between children with normal hearing and those with hearing loss usually widens as they get older Approximately 30% of deaf students leave school functionally illiterate.

Blindness and Low Vision Characteristics Cognition and language -Impaired or absent vision makes it difficult to see the connection between experiences. -Abstract concepts, analogies, and idiomatic expressions can be difficult to understand without sight Motor development and mobility -Visual impairment often leads to delays and deficits in motor development. Social adjustment and interaction -Children with visual impairment interact less and are often delayed in social skills -Many persons who have lost their sight report that the biggest difficulty socially is dealing with the attitudes and behavior of those around them

Physical Disabilities, Health Impairments, and ADHD Characteristics As a group, students with physical disabilities of health impairments function well below grade level academically.