FOUR Stroke Engines (1)

Objective Piston location Valves' condition Piston movement What happens? Consequences Degrees rotation End of process

FOUR Stroke S I Engines

Suction To fill the cylinder with fresh mixture for power generation Piston is at TDC Inlet valve is opened and the exhaust valve is closed Piston moved from TDC to BDC As the piston moves, the volume suddenly increases hence for the same mass and temperature, the cylinder pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure. Fresh mixture flows from outside to inside the engine This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches BDC Power/Expansion/Combustion To produce power needed for useful work Piston is at TDC Both valves are closed to prevent loss of power Piston moves from TDC to BDC The mixture is burned with the help of spark. This causes sudden rise in the pressure and temperature inside the cylinder. The high pressure acting on top of the piston through swept volume generates the needed work w = p V This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches BDC Compression To compress the mixture to higher pressures and temperatures to prepare it for combustion Piston is at BDC Bothe valves are closed to prevent escape of mixture Piston moved from BDC to TDC As the piston moves up towards TDC, the volume decreases and since both valves are closed, the mixture pressure, temperature and density increase. Fresh mixture pressure, temperature and density increase This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches TDC Exhaust Remove the products of combustion to start new cycle Piston is at BDC Inlet valve is closed and the exhaust valve is opened Piston moves from BDC to TDC The piston pushes the products of combustion outside the cylinder through the exhaust valve and manifold outside. The cylinder is cleaned from the products of combustion to greater extent and is ready for new mixture This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches TDC

Objective Piston location Valves' condition Piston movement What happens? Consequences Degrees rotation End of process

(2)
Objective

FOUR Stroke C I Engines

Suction To fill the cylinder with fresh mixture (air) for power generation Piston is at TDC Inlet valve is open and the exhaust valve is closed Piston moved from TDC to BDC As the piston moves, the volume suddenly increases hence for the same mass and temperature, the cylinder pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure. Air only flows from outside to inside the engine This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches BDC Power/Expansion/Combustion To produce power needed for useful work Piston is at TDC Both valves are closed to prevent loss of power Piston moves from TDC to BDC The fuel is injected into the cylinder with the help of injector and gets burned. This causes sudden rise in the pressure and temperature inside the cylinder. The high pressure acting on top of the piston through swept volume generates the needed work w = p V This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches BDC Compression To compress the air to higher pressures and temperatures to prepare it for combustion Piston is at BDC Bothe valves are closed to prevent escape of mixture Piston moved from BDC to TDC As the piston moves up towards TDC, the volume decreases and since both valves are closed, the mixture pressure, temperature and density increase. Air pressure, temperature and density increase This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches TDC Exhaust Remove the products of combustion to start new cycle Piston is at BDC Inlet valve is closed and the exhaust valve is opened Piston moves from BDC to TDC The piston pushes the products of combustion outside the cylinder through the exhaust valve and manifold outside. The cylinder is cleaned from the products of combustion to greater extent and is ready for new mixture This takes 180 degrees rotation This process continues till the piston reaches TDC

Piston location Valves' condition Piston movement What happens? Consequences Degrees rotation End of process

Objective Piston location Valves' condition Piston movement What happens? Consequences Degrees rotation End of process

Can you state the basic differences between 4-Stroke SI and CI engines? Can you describe the operation of any 4-stroke engine?