Name_____________________________________________

SC_____-_____

Date ___________

EXPERIMENT 8: Weighing without a Balance

Aim: How can we find the mass of a strip of magnesium without weighing it? MATERIALS
Pre-weighed Mg strips 0.10 M HCl (aq) Large test tubes Over-size rubber stoppers Water troughs 25 mL graduated cylinders

INTRODUCTION In this experiment, you will use stoichiometry and the properties of gases to indirectly measure the amount of a substance. You will cause magnesium to react completely with hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Your goal is to accurately measure the amount of gas present at the end of the reaction, and then use your knowledge of partial pressures, the combined ideal gas law, the volume of gases at STP, and stoichiometry to calculate the mass of magnesium reacted. PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. (3 pts) Write the formulas for: hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride hydrogen

2. (2 pts) Write the balanced equation for this reaction. 3. (2 pts ea) For every 1.00 mol of Mg reacted completely, calculate the: a. moles of H2(g) produced

b.

grams of H2(g) produced

c.

liters of H2(g) produced at STP (at STP, volume of a mole of gas = 22.4 L)

4. (2 pts) If a bottle contains hydrogen gas at 96.2 kPa and water vapor at 3.0 kPa, what is the total pressure?

5. (2 pts) If a gas occupies 10.0 mL at 298 K and 90.0 kPa, what volume does it occupy at STP?

6. (2 pts) Use Table H to determine the approximate vapor pressure of water at 25C.

7. (3 pts) Explain how can you determine the mass of a Mg sample if it reacts completely with HCl and you know the mass of magnesium chloride produced.

PROCEDURE A. Fill a large container with about 5 of water. a. Carefully pour a half of an inch of HCl solution into a test tube. Add water to fill the test tube. b. Place a strip of Mg into the test tube. Cover the mouth of the test tube with an object (e.g. glass plate, over-sized rubber stopper). c. Invert the test tube and immerse it in the large container. d. Remove the covering object and let the open mouth of the test tube rest on the bottom of the container. Be sure the Mg strip does not escape from the test tube. Rinse your hands and observe the reaction.

a.

a. b. c. d. +And (2 pts) Describe your observations about the reaction. It took a while for the hydrochloric acid to fully react but once it did there was a sufficient amount of hydrogen gas collected at the top. (2 pts) What is the main ingredient of the gas inside the test tube? Hydrogen (2 pts) What other gas is also present above any sample of H2O(l)? Water Vapor

b. c.

B. When all the Mg has reacted, elevate the test tube (or add more water to the large container) so that the water level in the test tube is even with the water outside the test tube. Put a strip of wet paper on the test tube to mark the water level. Remove and drain the test tube. Then add water to the level marked by the paper. Measure the volume of this water by pouring it into a graduated cylinder. a. b. (2 pts) Volume (of gas product of Mg reaction with HCl), V = ____32.5______ mL

(2 pts) When the water levels are equal, what do you know about the pressure inside and outside of the test tube? The pressure is equal

C. Obtain the following information: a. b. (2 pts) Temperature in the room = __23______C = T(K) = ___296_____ K

(2 pts) Pressure of water vapor at this temperature Pwater = ______2.8__ kPa

T ( C) 0 10 14 16 PH2O (kPa) 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.8 T ( C) 20 21 22 23 PH2O (kPa) 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 T ( C) 26 27 28 29 PH2O (kPa) 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

18 19

2.1 2.2

24 25

3.0 3.2

30 32

4.2 4.8

c.

(3 pts) Todays atmospheric pressure

Patmosphere = ___101.8____ kPa = ____1.005___ atm = ___78.232____ mmHg (760 mmHg = 1.00 atm)

D. Use your data to calculate the following quantities: a. (5 pts) Pressure due to H2(g), Phydrogen, inside the test tube.
Patmosphere = Pinside = Phydrogen + Pwater

Phydrogen =_____99.0____ kPa

b.

(10 pts)Volume occupied by this amount of hydrogen when it is at STP (Reference Table T): V1= V =__32.5___mL P1= Phydrogen =___99___kPa T1= T(K)= ___296____K P2(STP) = ____101.3___kPa T2(STP) =___273___K

Vhydrogen @ STP = ______29.29_____ mL = __.02929_______ L

c.

(10 pts) Moles of hydrogen produced in the reaction. Remember: 1.00 mol gas at STP = 22.4 L

mol H2 produced by the reaction = _.0013_______ mol

d. e.

(4 pts) What is the mole ratio of Mg to H2 in the balanced equation? (10 pts) Moles of Mg needed to produce the moles of hydrogen measured inside of the test tube.

mol Mg

= ______.0013____ mol

f.

(10 pts) Grams of Mg consumed in the reaction.

Mass Mg = ______.0317___ g Mg E. (10 pts) Calculate percent error (see Reference Table T). show work! a. Calculated mass of Mg = _____.0317______ Actual mass of Mg = ___.025_________

b.

Percent error = ___26.8________%

SUMMARY QUESTIONS 1. (4 pts) In this experiment, magnesium chloride is one of the products of the reaction. How come you do not not see the MgCl2 formed? Because it was at the bottom of the test tube combined with the water we collected before

2. (4 pts) Balance the reaction for the combustion of ethyne, C2H2 (also known as acetylene):
C2H2(g)

O2(g)

CO2(g)

H2O(l)

2C^2H^2 + 5O^2 4CO^2 + 2H^2O 3. (4 pts) How many moles of oxygen are consumed when 4.0 moles of ethyne are completely reacted? 10 moles of oxygen

4. (4 pts) How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced by the combustion of 130 g of ethyne?

10 moles of carbon dioxide 5. (4 pts) What is the total gas pressure in a closed bottle if it contains air at 100. kPa and a small amount of liquid water at 29.0C? CONCLUSION: in this lab you could of not stoped the reaction at the right time. Also, some of the liquid could of escaped and caused the data to be skewd, with the other factors affecting this experiment the ideal environment does not exist on earth meaning this lab will always have a source of error no matter what.