Huong Dan Su Dung Phan Mem Thiet Ke Duong Ong

EPANET PROGRAM NGUYN QUANG HUNG
Page 1
GIAO TRNH GIANG DAY
CHUONG TRNH MO PHONG MANG LUOI CAP NUOC- EPANET

CHUONG I: GIOI THIEU CHUNG

EPANET la mot chuong trnh may tnh duoc phat trien boi khoa cung cap
nuoc va nguon nuoc thuoc to chuc Bao ve moi truong cua My (US EPA) nham thuc
hien cac mo phong tnh chat thuy luc va chat luong nuoc theo thoi gian trong mang
luoi duong ong co ap. Xuat phat tu mot mo ta mang luoi duong ong (bao gom cac
doan ong, diem noi cac ong, bom, van, dai nuoc va be chua), cac dieu kien ban dau,
cac uoc luong ve nhu cau nuoc va cac qui luat ve su van hanh cua he thong ( van,
bom, dai nuoc), chuong trnh EPANET se du bao luu luong trong moi ong, ap suat
tai moi nut, chieu sau nuoc trong moi dai nuoc va chat luong nuoc trong toan mang
luoi cho mot mo phong theo thoi gian. Ngoai ra tuoi cua nuoc va theo vet nguon
nuoc cung co the duoc mo phong.
Chuong trnh EPANET duoc thiet ke nhu la mot cong cu nghien cuu nham
cai thien su hieu biet cua chung ta ve chuyen dong va so phan cua cac thanh phan
chat trong nuoc sinh hoat trong cac mang luoi phan phoi nuoc. Mo dun chat luong
nuoc cua chuong trnh EPANET duoc trang bi de mo hnh cac hien tuong nhu phan
ung trong dong chay, phan ung o thanh ong va trao doi chat giua dong chay va
thanh ong.
Chuong trnh co the tnh dong thoi mot loi giai cho ca hai dieu kien thuy luc
va chat luong nuoc. Hoac no co the ch tnh thuy luc mang luoi va luu ket qua nay
vao file, hoac dung mot file thuy luc da luu truoc do de tien hanh mo phong chat
luong nuoc.
Chuong trnh EPANET co the co nhieu ap dung khac nhau trong phan tch he
thong cung cap nuoc, thiet ke mang luoi, hieu chnh mo hnh thuy luc, phan tch
ham luong clo du thua va danh gia su tieu thu nuoc (cua mang luoi hien huu) la mot
v du. Chuong trnh EPANET co the giup danh gia cac chien luoc quan ly khac nhau
nham cai thien chat luong nuoc tren toan he thong. Cac chien luoc nay bao gom:
Thay doi viec su dung nguon trong he thong bao gom nhieu nguon nuoc.
Thay doi so do bom va lam day hay thao can dai nuoc.
Su dung xu ly thu yeu, chang han tai xu ly bang clo tai cac dai nuoc.
Lam sach va thay the ong duoc ch dinh.
Chuong trnh EPANET co the cho xem ket qua mo phong o dang cac ban do
mau cua mang luoi, cac do thi cua bien thay doi theo thoi gian va cac bang bieu.

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CHUONG II. MO HNH MANG LUOI

Epanet co the tao mot doi tuong moi voi cac lua chon mac dinh:
1- Vao file >> New tu thanh Menu.
2- Sau do vao Project >> Defaults de mo hop thoai nhu hnh ve

Hnh 1
Chung ta dung hop thoai nay de dat mot so thong so mac dinh cho toan bo doi
tuong:
on vi luu luong: m
3
/h (CMH)
Cong thuc tnh ton that: Hazen-William.
So vong lap lon nhat : 40
o chnh xac: 0.001
Neu khong can bang th: Chuong trnh tiep tuc chay
Vao muc ID Labels, dat increment =1 de nhan cua cac doi tuong moi tu dong nhay
lan luot theo cap so cong.
3- Tao ban do nen cho mang.
Ta co the tao mot ban do nen dang sau mang luoi. Ban do nen co the la ban do dia
chnh, ban do thiet bi, ban do dia hnh, ban do qui hoach hoac nhung ban ve can


Page 3
thiet. Tot nhat la cac file metafile hoac bitmap. Kch thuoc mang phai tao sao cho
cung ty le voi ban do nen pha sau.
- Vao View>>Backdrop tu thanh Menu
+ Bam Load de nap file ban do vao doi tuong
+ Bam Unload de go bo ban do tu doi tuong.
+ Bam Align de dong thang mang luoi voi ban do nen.
+ Bam Show/Hide de bat tat nen pha sau.

Hnh 2
4- Ta vao File >> Save de luu doi tuong voi ten moi ta dat (v du THUC TAP).
uoi cua file se duoc may tu dong cho la: NET
5- Tiep theo chung ta se cho xuat hien nhan va bieu tuong tren ban do:
Vao View >> Option, chon Notation page va danh dau vao 2 muc nhu hnh 3 de
cho so thu tu nut va so thu tu ong
6- Ve mang luoi:
Ve be chua bam vao bieu tuong BE CHUA
Ve ai nuoc bam vao bieu tuong AI NUOC


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Ve nut bam vao bieu tuong NUT
7- Dat cac lien ket ong bam vao bieu tuong:
Sau do bam chuot vao nut dau , re chuot sang nut cuoi, ta ve duoc mot duong
ong.
Lap lai tuong tu cho cac ong cua toan mang ta se duoc mang nhu Hnh 4
8- Nhung doan ong cong, ta bam chuot tu nut dau, qua cac dnh cong can ve roi
ket thuc o nut cuoi. Bam chuot vao doan ong da giac vua ve, bam vao bieu
tuong: SOAN THAO. Ong se xuat hien cac dnh, co the them hay bot cac dnh
cho phu hop voi doan cong. Them cac dnh bang cach bam chuot vao doan ong
roi bam phm phai chuot, sau do chon Add. Ket thuc th bam bieu tuong: MUI
TEN
9- Them bom vao mang bam vao bieu tuong:
Sau do bam vao nut 1 va nut 2 ( chu y khong nen co doan ong nao trong khoang
nut 1-2).
10- Tiep theo la dat nhan cho be, bom va dai nuoc, bam va bieu tuong: {T
Hop thoai Edit box se xuat hien va ta go ten cac thanh phan tuong ung vao(v du
NGUON, BE CHUA, BOM SO 1).


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Hnh 3

Hnh 4

11- Dat dac tnh cho Nut
Khi doi tuong duoc them vao da duoc khai bao mac dinh mot so tnh chat nhu dau
bai da noi. e thay doi cac gia tri nay cho phu hop bai toan, ta can:
- Bam chuot vao doi tuong can chon.
- Roi bam phm phai chuot, chon Properties tu Menu dong. (Xem Hnh 5)
- Nhap vao gia tri Junction ID de thay doi so hieu nut
- Nhap vao gia tri X-Coordinate(hoac Y-coordinate) de thay doi toa do.
- Nhap vao gia tri Elevation de thay doi cao trnh doi tuong
- Nhap vao Base Demand de thay doi nhu cau tai doi tuong
- Nhap vao Demand Pattern de dua doi tuong vao nhom chu ky thay doi cua nhu
cau (Ta phai khai bao cho nhom chu ky nay)
12- Dac tnh cho doan ong
- Bam chuot vao doi tuong can chon.


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- Nhap vao gia tri Pipe ID de thay doi so hieu ong
- Nhap va gia tri X-Coordinate(hoac Y-coordinate) de thay doi toa do.
- May se tnh tu dong khoang cach tu 2 nut de ra chieu dai ong (m)
- Nhap vao Diameter de thay doi duong knh ong (mm).
- Nhap vao Roughness de cho he so nham thanh ong (mac dinh la 100)

Hnh 5

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Hnh 6


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Hnh 7

Hnh 8
13- Dat dac tnh cho be chua
- Bam chuot vao be chua can chon.
- Nhap vao gia tri Resorvoir ID de thay doi so hieu Be chua
- Nhap vao gia tri Total Head de thay doi cot ap tong (m)
- Nhap vao Head Pattern de dat cot ap vao nhom chu ky thay doi cua nhu cau (Ta
phai khai bao cho nhom chu ky nay)
- Nhap vao gia tri Source quality de thay doi chat luong nguon tai be (mg/l)
14- Dac tnh cho dai nuoc
- Bam chuot vao dai nuoc can chon.
- Nhap vao gia tri Resorvoir ID de thay doi so hieu dai nuoc.


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- Nhap vao gia tri Elevation de thay cao do dai nuoc (m)
- Nhap vao Initial level de thay doi cao trnh mat nuoc luc dau trong dai (m)
- Nhap vao Minimum level de thay doi cao trnh mat nuoc thap nhat co the tnh tu
day dai (m)
- Nhap vao Maximum level de thay doi cao trnh mat nuoc cao nhat co the tnh tu
day dai (m)
- Nhap Diameter de vao duong knh dai nuoc (m)
- Nhap cac gia tri Mixid hoac 2COMP hoac FIFO hoac LIFO vao muc Mixing
Model de thay doi cach tron hoa chat nhu sau:
+ Mixed: La tron deu, gia thiet nuoc vao dai la khong doi
+ 2COMP: dung cho dai chua chia lam 2 ngan.
+ FIFO: Dung cho dai co vach ngan theo chieu ngang
+ LIFO: Dung cho dai co chia ngan theo chieu dung, nuoc vao va ra o day
- Nhap vao gia tri Source quality de thay doi chat luong nguon tai dai (mg/l)
15- Dac tnh cho bom:
Bom duoc noi vao mang de tang cuong cot ap. Bom phai lam viec tuan theo duong
dac tnh cua bom. Ta phai tao ra mot duong dac tnh cho loai bom tren mang.
- Trong Menu Date Browser, chon Curve.
- Bam chuot vao nut Add ta co duoc bang duong cong dac tnh nhu Hnh 9
- Nhap vao cac thong so flow va head
- Bam OK
- Bam chuot vao bom can chon.
- Nhap vao Start ID va End ID de gan nut dau va nut cuoi cho bom.
- Nhap Pump Curve la so thu tu cua duong cong ta vua tao
- Nhap Initial Status de gan cho tang thai mo cua bom luc dau.


Page 10

Hnh 9


Page 11

Hnh 10

16- Khai bao Chu ky thoi gian.
- Vao Date Browser, Bam va nut ADD ta duoc bang khai bao chu ky thoi gian nhu
hnh 11
- Nhap vao Patern ID cho so thu tu cua chu ky
- Nhap vao Multiply cho he so nhan theo tung thoi diem cua nhu cau co ban (base
demand)
- Vao Date Browse >>Option, chon Time
+ Nhap vao gia tri Total Duration cho khoang thoi gian chu ky lap lai
(khoang thoi gian phan tch)
+ Nhap vao gia tri Time step cho buoc thoi gian ma nhu cau thay doi. (Xem
Hnh 12)
17- Nhap bang dieu khien cho bom (hoac van)
- Vao Date Browser, chon control
- Chon simple de soan loai dieu khien don
- Soan giong nhu trong Hnh 13 cho qui luat dong ngat bom


Page 12

Hnh 11

Hnh 12


Page 13

+

Hnh 13


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Hnh 14
18- Phan loai nhu cau loai nhu cau.
Dung de khai bao cac nhu cau co ban ung voi cac chu ky thoi gian khi co nhieu loai
nhu cau su dung nuoc tai cac nut. Chu y neu khong khai bao, cac nut deu co nhu cau
co ban nhu mac dinh
- Bam chuot vao nut can khai bao.
- Bam phm phai chuot roi chon Demand catogories de xuat hien bang phan loai
nhu cau.
- Nhap vao nhu cau co ban (m3), chu ky thoi gian, ten nhu cau nhu Hnh 14
19- Khai bao chat luong nguon.
Dung de khai bao chat luong nguon nuoc vao mang tai cac nut dac biet. Nguon hoa
chat vao mang co the tu nhung tram xu ly chnh, cac gieng, cac tram lang hoac cac
nguon bi nhiem ban khong mong muon. oi voi cac nut noi, neu co luu luong cap
vao tu nguon ben ngoai (nhu cau am) duoc gan cho nut th chat luong cua nut luon
bang chat luong cua nguon. Su dung tnh chat nay de mo phong xu ly thu yeu nhu
tram tang clo
- Bam chuot vao nut can khai bao.
- Bam phm phai chuot roi chon Source quality de xuat hien bang soan thoa nguon
nuoc tai cac nut. (Xem Hnh 15)
- Nhap vao Source quality de khai bao gia tri gia tri nong do hoa chat tai nut.
- Nhap vao cac gia tri Source Type de khai bao loai o nhiem


Page 15

Hnh 15
- Vao Date Browser roi vao Option
- Bam chuot vao Quality de khai bao thong so can xu ly cho bai toan mang
- Nhap cac gia tri vao o Parameter nhu Hnh 16
+ Nhap Chemical neu bai toan can phan tch nong do hoa chat tai cac nut
+ Nhap Trace neu can theo dau nguon nuoc
+ Nhap Age neu can phan tch tuoi cua nuoc.

Hnh 16

Vay la ta da nhap xong so lieu day du cho mot mang luoi phan phoi nuoc. Gio ta
chuyen qua buoc phan tch.
20- Phan tch mang
Bam va o bieu tuong Anlyze hoac vao Project>>Run Analysis


Page 16
Neu khong bao loi th mang da duoc phan tch mot cach thanh cong
Neu co loi th se xuat hien cac bang status mo ta loi.

Page 17
CHUONG III. XEM KET QUA PHAN TCH

EPANET cho ta mot ban do mang luoi ong da duoc mo hnh hoa.
1- Chon lua phuong thuc the hien
Cac thong so gia tri duoc bieu dien bang mau va duoc mac dinh trong bang chu giai.
Bang chu giai dung de dat cac vung gia tri tuong ung voi mau duoc khai bao cho
nhung thong so cu the tren mang. Bang chu giai co 3 loai:
- Chu giai cho nut va doan ong
- Chu giai cho thoi gian cua chu ky.
e bat hay tat hoac sua mac dinh mot bang chu giai, ta thuc hien:
- Vao menu View>> Legends >> Modify>>Node ( xem hnh H17)
- Gia tri so trong o tang dan duoc nhap vao cac o de khai bao cac khoang gia tri.
- Bam vao thanh mau trong menu de thay doi mau. Chon mau can thay doi trong
bang mau (Hnh 18)
- Bam vao Equal intervals de chia cac vung thanh nhung khoang bang nhau tuong
ung voi thoi gian hien tai
- Bam Equal Quantiles de khai bao cac vung ma co cac doi tuong trong moi vung
bang nhau dua tren cac gia tri ton tai trong khoang thoi gian hien tai.
- Bam Color Ramp de chon thang mau.
- Bam reverse color de dao nguoc thu tu mau khai bao
- anh dau o framed de ve khung bao quanh bang chu giai


Page 18

Hnh 17

Hnh 18
2- Xem ket qua theo yeu cau dac biet
Ta co the yeu cau xem cac nut hoac cac ong o tren mang phu hop voi dieu kien ta
dat ra (v du cac nut voi ap luc nho hon 28m, cac ong voi van toc tren 50m3/s v..vv)
- Chon khoang thoi gian ma ta can yeu cau xem tren Map Browser
- Vao View>>Query
- ien cac thong tin sau day trong hop thoai xuat hien (xem hnh 19)
+ Chon nut hay ong
+ Chon thong so can xem nhu ap luc hay dong chay v.vv
+ Chon Gia tri can so sanh
+ Bam vao Submit
Ta se thay xuat hien nhu yeu cau tren ban do.


Page 19
3- Xem ket qua bang do thi
- Bam vao Report>>Graph
- ien su lua chon thong so cam xem vao hop thoai lua chon (nhu Hnh 20). Chu y
ta phai chon truoc doi tuong can xem nhu nut hoac doan ong tai Date Browser
roi bam ADD de dua vao trong hop thoai 19
- Trong Graph type chon
+ Chon Time Series de ve bieu do voi truc hoanh la thoi gian ( Hnh 21)
+ Chon Profile Plot de ve bieu do voi truc hoanh la khoang cach. (Hnh 22)
+ Chon Contour Plot de ve mot ban do phan vung cac gia tri nam trong khoang
khai bao ( Hnh 23)

Hnh 19


Page 20

Hnh 20


Page 21

Hnh 21

Hnh 22


Page 22

Hnh 23

Hnh 24


Page 23

Hnh 25
+ Chon Frequency Plot de ve bieu do su phan chia gia tri cua doi tuong can
xem trong toan mang phan phoi. ( Xem hnh 24)
+ Chon System Flow de ve cong suat tieu thu tong voi thoi gian ( xem Hnh 25)
- Chon nut ADD de them doi tuong duoc lua chon vao danh sach
4- Xem ket qua bang bang
EPANET cho xem ket qua thong qua bang co 2 dang
Chon Report>> Table (Xem hnh 26)Chon cac thong so sau: + Loai bang: (table
type)
Network nodes, Network links:Bang mang liet ke cac dac tnh va ket qua cho
tat ca cac nut hoac cac ong tai khoang thoi gian dinh san
Time series for Nodes, time series for links: Bang liet ke cac dac tnh va ket
qua cho mot nut hoac mot ong trong tat ca thoi gian phan tch.
+ Loai cot: (Column)
anh dau vao cac lua chon can xem nhu ap suat, luu luong, nong do hoa chat
v..vv. ( Xem hnh 27)
+ Chon Filter de chon xem cac nut hay ong co cac dac trung ta dinh san


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Hnh 26


Page 25

Hnh 27

5- Cac van de thuong gap phai
EPANET se dua ra cac thong bao loi khi gap nhung van de khi chay phan tch thuy
luc. Cac van de chung ta thuong gap phai nhu sau:
- Bom khong the phan phoi dong chay hay ap luc
EPANET se dua ra thong bao loi khi bom duoc yeu cau hoat dong ngoai pham vi
duong cong dac tnh. Neu bom duoc yeu cau phan phoi mot cot ap lon hon cot ap
dong bom, EPANET se dong bom. ieu nay dan den nhung vung cua mang se
bi ngat khoi nguon nuoc.
- Mang khong duoc noi.
Xuat hien khi khong co nuoc cung cap cho cac nut co nhu cau hay la khong co
ong dan giua cac nut voi nhu cau hay be chua, dai nuoc, cac nut co nhu cau am.
- Ton tai ap suat am.
EPANET se dua ra thong bao loi khi gap phai ap luc am tai cac nut co nhu cau
duong. ieu nay ch ra rang co van de ve thiet ke hay van hanh mang. Ap luc
am thuong xuat hien khi mot so vung cua mang co the ch nhan duoc nuoc qua
cac ong ma da bi dong.
- He thong khong can bang.
Xuat hien khi EPANET khong the hoi tu duoc bai toan thuy luc trong khoang
thoi gian nam trong so vong lap lon nhat.
V du nhu tnh trang nay xay ra khi gioi han ap luc kiem soat trang thai bom
co the qua gan nhau. Hoac duong cong ap luc cua bom co the qua phang gay ra
tnh trang bom luon dong hoac mo.
e khu tnh trang nay, ta co the giai quyet bang cach tang so vong lap( trials)
hoac noi long do chnh xac cua loi giai (accuracy). Khi van gap phai tnh trang
nay, ta co 2 cach giai quyet. Thu nhat la ngat toan bo viec phan tch. Thu 2 la
tiep tuc tm kiem mot loi giai thuy luc cho 10 lan khac nua trong tnh trang tat ca
cac ong bi dong bang o gia tri hien tai. Neu hoi tu th se xuat hien thong bao
He thong co the dang trong trang thai khong on dinh. Con nguoc lai se lai xuat
hien thong bao He thong khong can bang.
Neu viec phan tch trong mot khoang thoi gian ket thuc voi tnh trang he
thong khong can bang th nguoi su dung phai hieu rang ket qua thuy luc duoc
cho ra trong khoang thoi gian nay la khong chnh xac. No phu thuoc va tung

Page 26
hoan canh nhu loi trong dong chay vao, loi can dai( hoac be). ieu nay se anh
huong toi do chnh xac cua ket qua trong cac khoang thoi gian tiep theo.
- Khong the giai duoc phuong trnh thuy luc.
Loi 110 dua ra khi mot vai diem trong viec phan tch duoc dat trong cong thuc
ma su can bang giua luu luong va nang luong trong mang la khong the giai
quyet duoc. ieu nay xuat hien khi mot vai vi tr cua mang co nhu cau nuoc
nhung cac ong khong duoc noi va bat cu mot nguon nuoc nao ca.

Huong Dan Su Dung Phan Mem Thiet Ke Duong Ong

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EPANET PROGRAM NGUYN QUANG HUNG

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