Trng m ca t trong ting Anh

Vic hc trn lp thng tp trung vo n tp ng php, khin cho dng bi xc nh trng m trong cc thi tr nn tng i kh vi cc em hc sinh. Globaledu cung cp cho cc em mt s kin thc c bn v pht m trong bi hc ny.

Th no l trng m t? Trng m t l lc pht m c nhn vo mt m tit nht nh trong mt t. Khi ta c n m tit ny th lc pht m s mnh hn khi pht m cc m tit khc. lm dng bi tp ny trc tin cc em phi nh rng trng m ch ri vo nhng m tit mnh tc l nhng m tit c cha nguyn m mnh, nguyn m i hoc nguyn m di. Sau y globaledu xin gii thiu vi cc em mt s quy tc chung nht nhn bit trng m ting Anh, hi vng n s gip cc em ghi im trong ma thi ny. 1) Trng m ri vo m tit th nht Hu ht danh t v tnh t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht. V d: Danh t: PREsent, EXport, CHIna, TAble Tnh t: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy i vi ng t nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m ngn v kt thc khng nhiu hn mt ph m th trng m s ri vo m tit th nht. V d: ENter, TRAvel, Open... Cc ng t c m tit cui cha ow th trng m cng ri vo m tit u. V d: FOllow, BOrrow...

Cc ng t 3 m tit c m tit cui cha nguyn m di hoc nguyn m i hoc kt thc nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit u nhn trng m. V d: PAradise, EXercise 2) Trng m vo m tit th hai Hu ht ng t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th 2. V d: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN Nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m di, nguyn m i hoc kt thc vi nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit nhn trng m. V d: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE... i vi ng t 3 m tit quy tc s nh sau: Nu m tit cui cha nguyn m ngn hoc kt thc khng nhiu hn mt nguyn m th m tit th 2 s nhn trng m. V d: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter... 3) Trng m ri vo m th 2 tnh t di ln Nhng t c tn cng bng ic, -sion, tion th trng m ri vo m tit th 2 tnh t di ln V d: Nhng t c tn cng bng ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic... Nhng t c tn cng bng -sion, tion: suggestion, reveLAtion... Ngoi l: TElevision c trng m ri vo m tit th nht. 4) Trng m ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln Cc t tn cng bng ce, -cy, -ty, -phy, gy th trng m u ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln: V d: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Cc t tn cng bng ical cng c trng m ri vo m tit th 3 tnh t di ln.

V d: CRItical, geoLOgical 5) T ghp (t c 2 phn) i vi cc danh t ghp trng m ri vo phn u: BLACKbird, GREENhouse... i vi cc tnh t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned... i vi cc ng t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: to OVERcome, to overFLOW... Lu : 1. Cc ph t khng lm nh hng n trng m cu: - able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment, -ous. 2. Cc ph t bn thn n nhn trng m cu: -ain(entertain), -ee(refugee,trainee), -ese(Portugese, Japanese), -ique(unique), -ette(cigarette, laundrette), -esque(picturesque), -eer(mountaineer), -ality (personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), -mental (fundamental) Ngoi l: COffe, comMITtee, ENgine 3. Trong cc t c cc hu t di y, trng m c t m tit ngay trc hu t: -ian (musician), - id (stupid), -ible (possible), -ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic (climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility). Samples: Chn t c trng m chnh nhn vo m tit c v tr khc vi nhng t cn li: 1. A. study B. reply C. apply D. rely 2. A. deficiency B. deficit C. reference D. deference 3. A. employee B. referee C. committee D.refugee 4. A. tenant B.common C. rubbish D.machine 5. A. company B. atmosphere C.customer D. employment 6. A. animal B. bacteria C. habitat D.pyramid 7. A. neighbour B.establish C. community D. encourage

8. A. investment B. television C. provision D. document 9. A.writer B.teacher C.builder D. career 10. A. decision B. deceive C. decisive D. decimal p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cch pht m ca cc ph m Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. Key: A Gii thch: Cc t need, want v succeed u tn cng bng t v d nn khi thm ed cc m cui c pht m l [id]. Ring decide c m cui l nguyn m e (hu thanh) nn ui ed c pht m l [t]. 2. Key: D Gii thch: Hu ht C ng u t c pht m l [k] tuy nhin trong city n c pht m l [s]. 3. Key: C Gii thch: S thng c pht m l [s] tuy nhin trong sugar S c pht m l [] 4. Key: C Gii thch: Hu ht CH ng u t u c pht m l [t] tuy nhin trong t chemist th CH li c pht m thnh [k]. 5. Key: D Gii thch: Hu ht GH c pht m l [f] tuy nhin trong though GH l m cm. 6. Key: A Gii thch: Hu ht ui se c pht m l [z] nhng trong promise n c pht m l [s]. 7. Key: C Gii thch: Hu ht F c pht m l [f] tuy nhin n li c pht m l [v] trong t of. 8. Key: A

Gii thch: G ng u t, gia t c pht m l [g], GE ng cui t c pht m l [d] 9. Key: A Gii thch: Trong cc t thick, think, thin TH c pht m l [], trong thus TH c pht m l []. 10. Key: B Gii thch: Hu ht H c pht m l [h] nhng trong mt s t nh hour, honest, honor, heir H l m cm. Trong bi hc trc, cc em c c mt s kinh nghim v cch pht m cc nguyn m ting Anh, Globaledu xin tip tc gii thiu vi cc em mt s kin thc chung nht v cch pht m ca cc ph m ting Anh bi hc hm nay.

- TH c 2 cch pht m l // ( three) v // (then). Trong mt s t ch tn ngi v tn ni chn TH c pht m l /t/ (Thailand, Thomas). - Cc ch SH, S ng u t (shoe, sugar); SH, SS, TI, C ng gia t (fashion, Russia, nation, ocean); SH ng cui t (finish) u c pht m l //. - Cc ch J, G ng u t (jaw, general); G, J ng gia t (page, major); GE, DGE ng cui t (rage, ledge) u c pht m l /d/. - Cc ch CH ng u t (chair); CH, T ng gia t (teacher), (future); TCH ng cui t (watch) u c pht m l /t/. - Thng thng H c pht m l /h/ (hill) tuy nhin cng c ngoi l l WH (who) cng c pht m l /h/ v H khng c pht m (m cm) trong mt s t: hour, honour, honest... - W (will), WH (when) thng c pht m l / w/. Mt s trng hp him l O trong one, once cng c pht m l /w/. Ch QU thng c pht m thnh /kw/ (quite). - Cc ch Y, U, E, I c pht m thnh /j/ trong cc t sau: you, cute, few, view. - Cc ch G, GG thng c pht m l / g/ (go, bigger). i khi cc ch GH, GU cng c pht m l /g/ (ghost, guest). G l m cm trong cc t sign, foreign. - Cc ch C, K ng u t (can, king); CC, CK ng gia t (soccer, locker); K, CK, C, CH ng cui t (milk, black, comic, ache) u c pht m l /k/. Ch rng QU c pht m l /kw/ (quick), X c pht m l /ks/ (six). Mt s t bt u bng K nhng khi pht m th K bin thnh m cm (know, knife).

- Cc ch F (fall), FF (offer), PH (photo), GH (laugh) thng c pht m l /f/. - Hu ht V c pht m l /v/ (never) tuy nhin i khi F cng c pht m l /v/ (of). - Hu ht P, PP c pht m l /p/ (open, apple) nhng trong psychology P l m cm. - Cc ch S (sad), SS (class), C (place) thng c pht m l / s/. i khi SC (science) cng c pht m nh trn. Pht m ui ed - ED c pht m l /t/ sau cc m v thanh nh p, k. Example: walked, booked... - ED c pht m l /d/ sau cc m hu thanh nh w, n, ng... Example: showed, burned... - ED c pht m l /id/ sau cc m nh t, d Examples: bedded, wanted... Pht m ui s nhiu - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l / s/ khi t kt thc bng cc m v thanh nh p, t, k... Examples: books, looks... - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l / z/ khi t kt thc bng cc m hu thanh nh n, m, ng... Examples: learns, tools... - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l / iz/ khi t kt thc bng s, x. Examples: boxes, bosses...

Samples: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. decided B. needed C. wanted D. succeeded

2. A. car B. carriage C. corn D. city 3. A. success B. song C. sugar D. soup 4. A. churches B. chairman C. chemist D. changes 5. A. rough B. tough C. cough D. though 6. A. promise B. devise C. surprise D. realise 7. A. leaf B.deaf C. of D. wife 8. A. go B.large C.angry D. give 9. A. thus B.thick C. think D. thin 10. A. home B.hour C. horn D. high p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cch pht m ca cc nguyn m 1. Key: C Hint: Hu ht ea u c pht m l [i:] tuy nhin great l mt trng hp ngoi l khi ea c pht m l [ei]. 2. Key: B Hint: Hu ht oo u c pht m thnh m [ ] tr trng hp l nhng t c k ng cui. Khi t kt thc bng k th oo c pht m l []. p n ca cu trn l floor. 3. Key: A Hint: Hu ht cc t c vit l i c pht m l [i] tuy nhin ir li c pht m thnh [:]. 4. Key: C Hint: A c pht m l [ei] hoc []. Trong cc t table, lady, labour th a c pht m l [ei] trong khi n c pht m l [] trong captain. 5. Key: D Hint: Cc ch ci c vit l ou thng c pht m l [au] tuy nhin ough li c pht m thnh [:]. 6. Key: B

Hint: Hu ht cc t c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l [ai]. Cc t c vit l a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m s l [ei]. 7. Key: C Hint: Phn gch chn trong cc t so, show, though u c pht m l [ou], ring trong t who li c pht m thnh [u:]. 8. Key: C Hint: Nguyn m a trong cc t name, flame, fame u c c l [ei], trong t man li c c l []. 9. Key: C Hint: Phn gch chn trong cc t earn, third, dirty c pht m l [:], trong where n li c pht m l [e]. 10. Key: C Hint: E c pht m l [e] trong cc t bed, get, setting. Trong decide e c pht m l [i].

Trong thi i hc cc em hay gp dng cu hi: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li: A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat. Phn gch chn l cc nguyn m n a, o, u, e, i v y hoc s kt hp khc nhau ca chng. Vy ti sao ea trong seat, meat, heat li c khc ea trong great. Mt s kinh nghim v lu di y s gip cc em tho g dng bi ny

- Hu ht cc ch c vit di dng ee (meet), ea (meat), e-e (scene) u c pht m thnh /i:/. Trng hp e (me), ie (piece) cng c pht m nh trn nhng khng nhiu. - Ch e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), ai (said) c pht m l /e/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l ar, al th c pht m l /a:/. Ch a trong ask, path, aunt cng c pht m l /a:/. Cc ch vit l ear, ere, are, air, th c pht m l /e/ (ngoi heart c pht m l /ha: t/).

- Cc ch c vit l a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m s l /ei/. - Cc ch c vit l a th pht m s l // (Tr trng hp sau a c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m). Tuy nhin ch a trong ask, path, aunt li c pht m l /a:/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l [ai]. Mt s ch vit l igh (high), uy (buy) cng c pht m ging nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ring cc t fridge, city, friend li khng c pht m l /ai/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l i (win) c pht m l /i/, i khi y cng c pht m nh trn (Tr trng hp sau i c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m). - Hu ht cc ch c vit l er hoc nguyn m trong cc m tit khng c trng m th c pht m thnh //: teacher, owner... - Ch u trong ting Anh c 3 cch pht m: Pht m l /u:/ (u di) khi ng sau /j/ (June); pht m l // hoc // trong cc cch vit khc nh full, sun. Khi t c 2 ch oo vit cnh nhau th hu ht s c pht m thnh /u:/ tr cc trng hp m cui l k: book, look, cook... - Cc ch ci c pht m l / :/ thuc cc trng hp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt). Ngoi ra cn c cc trng hp ngoi l or (word), ear (heard) - Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: or (form, norm). Cc trng hp ngoi l khc: a (call), ar (war), au (cause), aw (saw), al (walk), augh (taught), ough (thought), four (four). - Cc ch ci c vit l oy, oi s c pht m l //. V d: boy, coin... - Cc ch ci c vit l ow, ou thng c pht m l // hay /a/, tuy nhin chng cng cn c nhiu bin th pht m khc na. Samples: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat 2. A. book B. floor C. cook D. hook

3. A. circle B. brick C. fit D. fish 4. A. table B. lady C. captain D. labour 5. A. loudly B. without C. thousand D. thought 6. A. size B. grey C. life D.eye 7. A. so B. show C.who D. though 8. A. name B. flame C. man D. fame 9. A. earn B. third C. where D. dirty 10. A. bed B. get C. decide D. setting

p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cu to t 1. Key: C Hint: T cn in l mt danh t (sau gii t of) nn dependence v independence u tha mn yu cu. By gi ta xt ngha ca 2 t dependence s ph thuc, independence s c lp th hin nhin p n l independence. Cuc khng chin ginh c lp ca M thng li nm 1776 2. Key: B

Hint: C 4 phng n u l danh t c cu to t ng t break. Breakdown ni v s hng hc ca my mc, breakthrough l nhng pht kin khoa hc mi, breakup l s v (trong gia nh), breakaway l s chia ly, ri xa. p n ca cu ch c th l breakthrough. 3. Key: C Hint: B ngha cho danh t way l mt tnh t nn economy v economically b loi. Economic vi ngha l thuc v kinh t/mang tnh cht kinh t cn economical li ngha l tit kim. Xt ngha ca cu th economical l ph hp hn c. t than l mt cch si m cho ngi nh rt tit kim 4. Key: D Hint: T few mang ngha ph nh ch mt iu g cn tn ti rt t t ta suy ra c tnh t trong cu phi mang ngha ph nh - unexplored chnh l p n ca cu. (Nhn bit t tri ngha qua tin t un). 5. Key: C Hint: T hate (ght b) mang hm ngha ph nh do danh t ( sau his) cng phi mang ngha ph nh. p n ca cu l unreliability. 6. Key: D Hint: Ngha ca cu trn c dch ra nh sau: Cnh st ang rt quan tm n s bin mt t ngt ca bc tranh gi tr . Danh t ca ng t appear (xut hin) phi mang ngha ngc li disappearance l p n ca cu. (Appear ch kt hp c vi tin t dis-). 7. Key: C Hint: T in vo trng l danh t ch ngi dng s nhiu competitors l p n ca cu.

8. Key: C Hint: Cc t hp t u l dng kt hp ca look lookup ( s tra cu), look-in (ci nhn thong qua), outlook (vin cnh/ trin vng trong tng lai), lookout khng tn ti dng danh t m ch c cm ng t to look out. R rng cu trn cp n vin cnh trong tng lai nn p n s l outlook. 9. Key: D Hint: B ngha cho ng t behave phi l mt trng t tuy nhin tell sb off c ngha l ry la, k ti th trng t b tr cho behave (nguyn nhn dn n vic tell off) phi mang ngha ph nh irresponsibly l p n ca cu. 10. Key: D Hint: Sau all l mt danh t s nhiu. Thng thng chng ta nhn bit danh t s nhiu bng ui s tuy nhin mt s danh t ch mn hc (economics, politics...) c ui s nhng khng phi danh t s nhiu. p n ca cu l politicians chnh tr gia