The earths field is .03 milli tesla(0.

3 Gauss) Lodestone Magnetite an iron oxide leading Stone Curie Point 650 to 870 C The strength of the magnetic field is the controlling factor of sensitivity in MPT. Magnetic attraction will only ocur where an external pole exists. No leakage field, no magnetic attraction, no indications. When electricity passes through conductive materials, a magnetic field is produced. Principles of electricity Electrons produce magnetism. Protons identifies the element with an atomic number. Atoms that make up the elements have up to six shells. Outer shell is valence shell and the electrons on this shell are valence electrons. Valence shell gives the element its chemical and electrical properties. f a valence electron gains sufficient energy from some outside force, it can break away from the parent atom and called a free electron. Balancing act Electron flow Current Flow a) Conventional Flow b) Electron Flow (+) (-) >>>>>> >>>>>> (-) (+)

Current The flow of electrons through a conductor Voltage (Electromotive Force) a measure of pressure, forcing electrons to move around a circuit. Resistance The opposition encountered by a current. Limiting Factors to Current Flow a) Available Force (Voltage) b) Resistance by the conductor Free electrons in conductors move around n a random manner. When we apply a voltage, the random motion converts to a net drift from negative to positive poles.

Current is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of circuit. DC Subsurface discontinuities Half wave Rectified AC Maximum sensitivity for sub-surface defects. Full wave Rectified AC Not used much for MPI Full wave Rectified 3-phase AC Used to test large equipment Magnetizing Force (H) Ampere/meter Magnetic Flux () Weber (Maxwell) - The total number of lines established in a magnet circuit. Magnetic Flux Density (B) Tesla(Gauss) The number of lines per unit area. Permeability () Henrys/meter - B/H - The relative ease with which a magnetic flux is established in a given material. Permeability Reluctance Swing Field Multidirectional magnetic field circular and longitudinal Note that residual magnetism and retentivity are the same when the material has been magnetized to the saturation point. More turns or higher current in the coil = stronger magnetic field ASTM 1444 Head Shot 300 800 amp DC / inch diameter .12 32 amps DC / mm diameter Preparation Surface Conditions Permeability with a permanent magnet Surface roughness Precleaning The viscosity of the suspension should not exceed 5.0 centitokes. The oils with a flash point over 93.3C are recommended. High Fire Point greater than 121C When oil is used as a vehicle, the suggested colour value is plus 25 saybolt.(Lower values)