Unit 1 Quadratic Equation

Examples
Example # 1
Solve the quadratic equation 3x2 6x = x + 20 by factorization Solution 3x2 6x = x + 20 3x2 6x x 20 = 0 3x2 7x 20 = 0 3x2 + 5x 12x 20 = 0 x ( 3x + 5) 4 ( 3x + 5 ) = 0 ( x 4 ) ( 3x + 5 ) = 0 x4=0 x=0+4 x=4 x=4 S.S = or or or or 3x + 5 = 0 3x = 0 5 3x = - 5 x=

Example # 2 Solve 5x2 = 30x by factorization Solution 5x2 = 30x 5x2 30x = 0 Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 1

5x( x 6 ) = 0 5x = 0 x= x=0 S.S = or or or x6=0 x=0+6 x=6

Example # 3 Solve the equation x2 3x 4 = 0 by completing square Solution x2 3x 4 = 0 x2 3x = 0 + 4 x2 3x +

= 4+ =4+
=

= x x x= = = or or x x= =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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x = x= x=4 S.S =

or or or

x = x= x = -1

Example # 4 Solve the equation 2x2 5x 3 = 0 by completing square. Solution 2x2 5x 3 = 0 =0

x2 x2 x2

=o+ =
+

= = +
=

= x Mudassar Nazar Notes = Page 3

x x= x = x= x=3 S.S =

or or or or or

x x= x = x= x=

Example # 5 Solve the quadratic equation 2 + 9x = 5x2 by using quadratic formula. Solution

2 + 9x = 5x2 0 = 5x2 9x 2 5x2 9x 2 = 0 Comparing it with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a=5, b = -9 , c = -2

By Quadratic formula

x=

x=

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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x=

x=

x=

x=

x=

or or or

x= x= x=

x=

x=2
S.S =

{2 ,

Example # 6

Solve the equation Solution

= 0 by using quadratic formula.

=0+ = (2x + 1) ( x + 4 ) = ( x 2 ) ( x + 2) 2x( x + 4) + 1 ( x + 4 ) = x2 4 2x2 + 8x + x + 4 = x2 4 2x2 + 9x + 4 = x2 4 2x2 - x2 + 9x + 4 + 4 = 0 Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 5

x2 + 9x + 8 = 0 x 2 + 9x + 8 = 0 Comparing it with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a=1, b=9, c=8

By Quadratic formula

x=

x=

x=

x=

x=

x=

x=

or or or

x= x= x = -8

x=

x = -1
S.S =

{-1 , -8 }

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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Example # 7 Solve the equation x4 13x2 + 36 = 0 Solution x4 13x2 + 36 = 0 Put Then x4 = y2 y2 13y + 36 =0 y2 4y 9y + 36 = 0 y2 ( y 4) -9(y 4) = 0 (y 4 ) (y 9) = 0 y 4 =0 y =0 +4 y=4 x2 = 4 = x = S.S = 2 or or or or or or x= y 9 =0 y =0 +9 y=9 x2 = 9 = 3 x2 = y

Example # 8

Solve the equation 2(2x 1 ) + Solution Mudassar Nazar Notes

=0

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2(2x 1 ) + Let 2x 1 = y 2y + =5

=0

(i)

=5 2y2 + 3 = 5y 2y2 5y + 3= 0 2y2 2y 3y + 3 = 0 2y ( y 1) -3 ( y 1) =0 (y 1) ( 2y 3 ) = 0 y 1 =0 y =0 +1 y=1 y=1 2x 1 = 1 2x = 1 + 1 2x = 2 x = x=1 x=1 or or or or or or or or or or 2y 3 = 0 2y = 0 + 3 2y = 3 y= 2x 1 = 2x -1 = 2x = 2x = 2x = x=

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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x=1 S.S =

or

x=

Example # 9 Solve the equation 2x4 5x3 14x2 5x + 2 = 0 Solution 2x4 5x3 14x2 5x + 2 = 0 Dividing each term by x2

+ =0

2x2 5x 14 2x2 + 2 ( x2 + Let x + then = y2 x2 + x2 + Mudassar Nazar Notes + 2 = y2 = y2 2 =y

5x -

- 14 = 0 ) 14 = 0 (i)

) 5(x+

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Putting in (i) 2(y2 -2 ) 5y 14 = 0 2y2 4 5y 14 = 0 2y2 5y 18 = 0 2y2 + 4y 9y 18 = 0 2y ( y + 2) - 9 ( y + 2) = 0 (y + 2) ( 2y 9) = 0 y +2 =0 y =0 2 y = -2 y = -2 x + = -2 = -2 x2 + 1 = -2x x2 +2x + 1 = 0 x2 + x + x +1 = 0 x(x +1) + 1 ( x + 1) = 0 ( x + 1) ( x + 1) = 0 X+1=0 X=01 X = -1 or or or x+ 1 = 0 x = 0 1 x = -1 or or or or 2y 9 = 0 2y = 0 + 9 2y = 9 y=

x+ = = Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 10

2(x2 + 1 ) = 9x 2x2 + 2 = 9x 2x2 9x + 2 = 0 Comparing it with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a=2, b = -9 , c=2

By Quadratic formula

x=

x=

x=

x=

x=

or

x=

S.S =

{-1,

Example # 10 Solve the equation 51+x + 51-x = 26 Solution 51+x + 51-x = 26 5 . 5x + 5 . 5-x 26 = 0 5 . 5x + Mudassar Nazar Notes - 26 = 0 Page 11

Let 5x = y 5y + - 26 = 0

=0 5y2 26y + 5 = 0 y

5y2 y 25y + 5 = 0 y( 5y 1) 5( 5y 1) = 0 (y 5) ( 5y 1) = 0 y -5=0 y =0 +5 y=5 y=5 5x = 51 x=1 S.S = { 1 , -1} or or or or or or 5y 1 = 0 5y = 0 + 1 5y = 1 y= 5x = 5-1 x = -1

Example # 11 Solve the equation ( x -1 ) ( x + 2) (x + 8) ( x + 5) = 19 Solution ( x -1 ) ( x + 2) (x + 8) ( x + 5) = 19 [(x 1) ( x + 8)] [(x + 2) ( x + 5)] = 19 [x(x + 8) -1( x+ 8)] [ x (x + 5) + 2 ( x + 5) ] 19 = 0

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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[x2 + 8x x 8 ] [ x2 + 5x + 2x + 10] 19 = 0 (x2 + 7x - 8) ( x2 + 7x + 10) 19 = 0 Let x2 + 7x = y then ( y 8 ) ( y + 10) 19 = 0 Y( y + 10) 8( y + 10) 19 = 0 y2 + 10y 8y 80 19 = 0 y2 + 2y 99 = 0 y2 9y + 11y 99 = 0 y( y 9) + 11( y -9) = 0 ( y + 11) ( y 9) = 0 y + 11 = 0 y = 0 11 y = -11 x2 + 7x = -11 or or or or y 9 =0 y =0 +9 y=9 x2 + 7x = 9 x2 + 7x -9 = 0

x2 + 7x + 11 = 0 or x2 + 7x + 11 = 0 Comparing it with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a=1, b=7,

c = 11

By Quadratic formula

x=

x=

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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x=

x=

x2 + 7x -9 = 0 Comparing it with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a=1, b=7, c = -9

By Quadratic formula

x=

x=

x=

x=

S .S =

Example # 12

Solve the equation Solution

= 2x + 3

= 2x + 3 Taking square of both sides = (2x + 3)2

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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3x + 7 = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(3) + (3)2 3x + 7 = 4x2 + 12x + 9 0 = 4x2 + 12x + 9 3x 7 0 = 4x2 + 9x + 2 4x2 + 9x + 2 = 0 4x2 + x + 8x + 2 = 0 x(4x + 1) +2(4x +1) = 0 (x + 2) (4x+1) = 0 X+2=0 X=02 X = -2 X = -2 Checking Put x = -2 in (i) = 2 (-2) + 3 = -4 + 3 = -1 1 -1 ( False) or or or or 4x + 1 = 0 4x = 0 -1 4x = -1 x=

So. -2 is an Extraneous Root Put x = = 2( ) + 3 = = +3

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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=
S.S =

(True)

Example # 13

Solve the equation Solution

+ Squaring both sides

= +2 x+3+2 x+3+x+6+2 2x + 9 + 2 x2+2 2 =2x =0 + + x + 6 = x + 11 = x + 11 - x - 11= 0 = x + 11

Taking square of both sides = (2 x )2 4(x2 + 9x + 18)= 4 4x + x2 4 x2+ 36x + 72 = 4 4x + x2

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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4 x2 x2 + 36x + 4x + 72 4 = 0 3x2 + 40x + 68 = 0 3x2 + 6x + 34x + 68 = 0 3x( x + 2) + 34( x + 2) = 0 (x + 2) ( 3x + 34) = 0 x+2=0 x=02 x = -2 x=-2 Checking Put x = -2 in (i) + + 1+2=3 3=3 Put x = in ( i) + + = = ( True) = = or or or or 3x + 34 = 0 3x = 0 34 3x = -34 x=

+ + =

( not true) So, is Extraneous Root S.S = { -2} Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 17

Example # 14

Solve the equation Solution

=3

Let x2 3x = y Then =3 = (3)2 + y + 36 + y + 9 - 2 2y + 45 - 2 -2 -2 -2 -2

=0

=9 =9 =9

= 9 2y - 45 = 0 - 2y 36 = - 2(y 18) = y + 18

Again squaring both sides = (y + 18)2 y2 + 45y + 324 = (y)2 + ( 18)2+ 2(y)(18) y2 + 45y + 324 = y2 + 324 + 36y y2 + 45y + 324 - y2 - 324 - 36y = 0 45y 36y = 0

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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9y = 0 y= y=0 So, x2 3x = 0 x(x 3 ) = 0 x=0 x=0 x=0 S.S = { 0 , 3 } or or or x -3= 0 x=0+3 x=3

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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