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Thermal Relief for Pipes Pipe Thermal Relief Spreadsheet - Light Green Blocks Must be Filled In Thermal Relief

Case ID B-3 Liquid Ammonia Supply Line Heat Input from Ambient Air
Liquid Temp (C) Ambient Temp (C) Pipe Outer Diameter (in) Pipe Length (ft) Uconv (Btu/ft2*hr*F) Pipe Outer Area (ft2) DT (F) Q ambient 15 43 2.375 5000 3 3109 50.4 470,061 330 50 512,963 983,024 59 109.4 inches ft ft2 F Btu/hr Comments F F

See Kern for Estimates Assumes worst case

Heat Input from Solar Radiation


% Area Exposed Q radiation

btu/hr*ft2 Assumes uninsulated pipe % Best Estimate Btu/hr Btu/hr

Heat Input (Amb + Rad) Heat Input from Fire


Length of Line exposed to fire Size of Line (OD) Area Exposed to Fire Q fire =

100 2.375 62.2 1,243,547

ft inches ft2 Btu/hr

Outside Diameter Q = 20,000 * A NFPA 30 for Tanks Pick density and temps at upper and lower bounds of temperature range. Used to calculate Ke below. Coefficient of Expansion Liquid Density Liquid Heat Capacity Relief Capacity Required Relief Capacity Required Relief Capacity Required Relief Capacity Required

Relief Capacity Required


Density at Lower Temp Bound Temp at Lower Density Bound Density at Upper Temp Bound Temp at Upper Density Bound Ke (ft3 / lb*F) r liquid (lb/ ft3) at relief device Cp (btu/ lb*F) where heat is being added W (amb + rad) = Q * Ke * r / Cp W (fire) = Q * Ke * r / Cp W (amb + rad) W (fire) 42.65 -34.44 36.4 37.8 3.10E-05 36 1.143 959 1213 3.32 4.20 155.0 12.8 602.1 24.1 2.52 3.19 231.3 292.6 lb/ft3 C lb/ft3 C ft3 / lb*F lb/ft3 Btu/lb*F lb/hr lb/hr gpm gpm Btu/lb Btu/lb Btu/lb (hL1-hL2) / (hG2-hL2) *100

hL1 = enthalpy of sat liquid at upstream press hL2 = enthalpy of sat liquid at downstream press hG2 = enthalpy of downstream vapor Wt % Flashing Required Liquid Vent Rate for Amb&Rad (gpm) Required Liquid Vent Rate for Fire (gpm) Required Vapor Vent Rate for Amb&Rad (lb/hr) Required Vapor Vent Rate for Fire (lb/hr)

lb/hr lb/hr

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Thermal Relief for Pipes


k = cp/cv = (ratio of heat capacities) T1 (relieving Temp) C T1 (relieving Temp) R Kb (see GPSA Manual Fig 5.10) MW (molecular weight) Z (compressibility factor) C1 Pc (critical flow pressure) P2 (downstream pressure) PSIA r = P2/P1 Is Backpressure OK? Flow Regime (Critical or Subcritical???) No Input Required Required Vapor RV area for Amb and Rad Q Required Vapor RV area for Fire Q 1.32 30.0 546.0 1.00 17.0 1.0 348.8 157.1 14.7 0.051 Back Pressure OK Critical For Gas / Vapor Temp of fluid at RV Temp of fluid at RV Capacity Correction Factor 1 if backpressure < 50%

PSIA PSIA

Pressure downstream of PSV

Data not used for Calculation 0.0133 0.0168 in in

Orifice Area Required for Vapor Vented by Relief Valve (Vapor Only)

Orifice Area Required for Non-Flashing Liquid in Relief Valve (Liquid Only)
SG ( r fluid at relief conditions/ r water at 4C) Kd DP (PSIG) = RV set pressure RV Set Pressure (PSIA) = Pone 0.577 0.724 275 289.7 1.00 0.0042 0.0053 0.01750 0.02213 0.03963 for ASME Code Liquid PSIG PSIA cp in in in in in Visc Corr Factor. Normally 1 Teledyne Cat. #187, p38 Teledyne Cat. #187, p38

Km (cp) A amb & rad = W * SG^.5 / [ 38 * Kd * (DP^.5) * m] A fire = W * SG^.5 / [ 38 * Kd * (DP^.5) * m]


Total Orifice Area Need for Amb and Radiation Total Orifice Area Need for Fire Grand Total Area (Amb + Radiation + Fire)

Pick next standard size orifice

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Input Instructions

Spreadsheet Calculation Philosophy The spreadsheet is intended to allow a designer who is concerned with thermal expansion overpressure to specify an appropriately sized relief valve area. Thermal expansion from three different causes are considered: 1) Heat input from ambient air 2) Heat input from solar radiation 3) Heat input from fire The emergency relief designer should decide which cases are realistic (could high ambient temps, solar radiation, and a fire all occur at once - the designer should decide. Input Instructions Input all data in light green fields. Calculation Philosophy / Limitations The spreadsheet is set-up to calculate the required area assuming mixed phase (vapor and liquid) relief. The follows the methodology outline in the GPSA Manual. The steps used are: 1) Determine the amount of heat input into the system. 2) Determine relief rate required 3) Determine how much of the material flashes 4) Calculate the orifice area required to relieve the liquid 5) Calculate the orifice area required to relieve the gas 6) Sum the total areas calculated for liquid and vapor to obtain the total required surface area. To determine the amount of flashing, isenthalpic expansion is assumed (conservative assumption) and all vapor formed is in the valve.

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Input Instructions

on overpressure ent causes are considered:

ent temps, solar radiation, and a fire

and liquid) relief. The follows the

equired surface area.

ssumption) and all vapor formed

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Input Instructions ESPAOL

Filosofa Del Clculo De la Hoja de balance La hoja de balance se piensa para permitir a un diseador que se refiera a la sobrepresin de la extensin termal para especificar un rea apropiadamente clasificada de la vlvula de descarga. La extensin termal a partir de tres diversas causas se considera: 1) el calor entr ambiente del aire 2) el calor entr solar de la radiacin 3) el calor entr del fuego El diseador de la relevacin de la emergencia debe decidir qu casos son realistas (podran los temps arriba ambiente, radiacin solar, y un fuego todo ocurre inmediatamente - el diseador debe decidir. Instrucciones De la Entrada de informacin Entre todos los datos en campos verdes ligeros. Filosofa / Limitaciones Del Clculo La hoja de balance set-up para calcular la relevacin mezclada requerida de la fase el asumir del rea (vapor y lquido). Sigue el contorno de la metodologa en el manual de GPSA. Los pasos de progresin usados son: 1) determina la cantidad de calor entrada en el sistema. 2) determina la tarifa de la relevacin requerida 3) se determina cunto materiales de los flashes 4) calcula el rea del orificio requerida para relevar el lquido 5) calcula el rea del orificio requerida para relevar el gas 6) suma las reas totales calculadas para que el lquido y el vapor obtengan el rea superficial requerida total. Para determinar la cantidad de contellear, la extensin isenthalpic se asume que (asuncin conservadora) y todo el vapor formado est en la vlvula.

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Input Instructions ESPAOL

eador que se refiera a la sobrepresin de la extensin termal para la vlvula de descarga. La extensin termal a partir de tres diversas

be decidir qu casos son realistas (podran los temps arriba ambiente,

n mezclada requerida de la fase el asumir del rea (vapor y lquido).

para que el lquido y el vapor obtengan el rea superficial requerida total.

sin isenthalpic se asume que (asuncin conservadora) y todo el vapor

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