Mc lc Bin son: GV.

Thin Khng Tung

Mc lc
Mc lc 1

3.Bi tp thc hnh.....................................................................................................5

CHNG 2: CC K HIU QUY C DNG TRONG BN V IN.......................6

6.Bi tp thc hnh...................................................................................................40 7.Bi tp thc hnh...................................................................................................57

Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

CHNG 1: KHI NIM CHUNG V BN V IN

1. Quy c trnh by bn v 1.1. Vt liu dng c v Giy v : c 3 loi giy: giy v tinh, giy bng m, giy k li Bt ch: c nhiu loi khc nhau, ty theo yu cu m chn loi bt ch cho thch hp H: loi cng: 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H,..9H HB: loi trung bnh B: loi mm 1B, 2B, .9B Thc v: thc dp di 30- 40 cm, thc rp trn, thc hnh ch T, thc ke 1.2. Kh giy K hiu kh giy Ky hieu kho giay 44 1189841 24 22 12 297420 11 297210

Kch thc cc Kch thc cac cnh ca kh canh cua kho giy(mm) giay(mm) K hiu ca t Ky hieu cua giy tng ng t giay tng ng Quan h gia cc kh giy nh sau:

594841 594420

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

1.3. Khung tn Khung tn t gc phi bn v

i vi bn v dng giy A2, A3, A4

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

i vi bn v dng giy A0, A1

1.4. Ch vit trong bn v C th vit ng hoc vit nghing 750 Chiu cao kh ch: h= 14, 10, 7, 3.5, 2.5 (mm) Chiu cao cc loi ch: Ch hoa = h Ch thng c nt s (h, g, l) =h Ch thng khng c nt s (a, e, m) =5/7h Chiu rng: Ch hoa v s= 5/7h, ngoi tr A,M = 6/7h, s 1=2/7h, w=8/7h, l= 4/7h, J, I= 2/7h Ch thng = 4/7h, ngoi tr w, m=h, f,j,l,t= 2/7h, r=3/7h B dy nt ch, s= 1/7h 1.5. ng nt

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Tn gi 1. Nt lin m Hnh dng ng dng - Cnh thy ng bao thy - ng nh ren thy - Khung bng tn, khung tn 2. Nt lin mnh - ng ng, ng dn, ng kch thc - ng bao mt ct chp - ng gch gch trn mt ct - ng chn ren thy 3. Nt t 4. Nt gch chm mnh 5. Nt ln sng - Cnh khut, ng bao khut - Trc i xng - ng tm ca vng trn - ng ct la hnh biu din - ng phn cch gia hnh ct v hnh chiu khi khng dng trc i xng lm trc phn cch 1.6. Cch ghi kch thc - ng dng ( ng ni): V nt lin mnh v vung gc vi ng bao - ng ghi kch thc: V bng nt mnh song song vi ng bao v cch ng bao t 7-10mm - Mi tn: nm trn ng ghi kch thc, u mi tn va chm st vo ng ging , mi tn phi nhn v thon - Ngyn tc ghi kch thc: nguyn tc chung, s ghi ln khng ph thuc ln ca hnh v, n v thng nht l mm ( khng cn ghi n v trn bn v), n v gc l Cch ghi kch thc: Trn bn v: kch thc ch c php ghi 1 ln i vi bn v c hnh nh, thiu ch ghi kch thc cho php ko di ng ghi kch thc, con s kch thc ghi bn phi, mi tn c th ghi bn ngoi - Con s kch thc: Ghi dc theo ng kch thc v khong gia v cch mt on khon 1.5mm - Hng vit s kch thc ph thuc vo nhing ng ghi kch thc, i vi cc gc c th nm ngang - ghi kch thc mt gc hay mt cung, ng ghi kch thc l mt cung trn - ng trn trc con s kch thc c ghi

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

- Cung trn trc con s kch thc c ghi R 1.7. T l bn v - T l thu nh: 1/2, 1/3,.1/100, - T l nguyn: 1/1 - T l phng to: 2/1, 3/1,. 100/1,.. 1.8. Cch gp bn v - Cc bn v thc hin xong, cn phi gp li a vo tp h s lu tr thun tin trong vic qun l v s dng - Cch gp bn v phi tun theo mt trnh t v ng kch thc cho sn, khi gp phi a khung tn ra ngoi khi s dng khng b lng tng, v khng mt thi thi gian tm kim 2. Cc tiu chun ca bn v in 2.1. Tiu chun Vit Nam Cc k hiu mt bng v trn s in phi c thc hin theo tiu chun Vit Nam: TCVN 1613 75 TCVN 1639 75 v cc k hiu in trn mt bng phi c thc hin theo tiu chun TCVN 185 - 74 2.2. Tiu chun quc t Tiu chun lp t in IEC 3. Bi tp thc hnh

Thit lp bn v mt bng cho mt cn h cp 4, bao gm: 1. Chn kh giy. 2. Khung tn. 3. T l bn v. 4. S mt bng.

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

CHNG 2: CC K HIU QUY C DNG TRONG BN V IN

1. V cc k hiu phng c v mt bng xy dng Trn s mt bng cho ta bit v tr lp t cc thit b in cng nh cc thit b khc. V d ta c s mt bng ca mt cn h nh sau:

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.1: S mt bng mt cn h Cc k hiu c bn trn s mt bng: STT 1 TN GI Ca ra vo 1 cnh K HIU

Ca ra vo 2 cnh

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

3 Thang my

Ca s

Cu thang

Bn tm

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7 Nc

Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu cc k hiu trn bn v, m chng ta c th tm hiu trong h thng tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) v xy dng. 2. V cc k hiu in trong s in chiu sng 2.1. Ngun in STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.2. TN GI Dng in 1 chiu in p mt chiu Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin Dy trung tnh im trung tnh Cc pha ca mng in Dng in xoay chiu 3 pha 4 dy 50Hz, 380V Dng in 1 chiu 2 ng dy Cc loi n in v thit b dng in STT 1 TN GI n hunh quang K HIU N O A, B, C 3+N 2 50Hz, 380V 110V K HIU

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

n nung sng

n ng

n p trn

n pha bng solium 150W treo trn tng. 150 la ch s cng sut, ngoi ra cn c 35, 70W

n cng ra vo

n trang tr sn vn

n chiu sng khn cp

n thot him

EXIT

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

1 0 n chm

1 1

Qut thng gi

1 2

iu ha nhit

1 3

Bnh nc nng

1 4

cm n, cm i

2.3. Cc loi thit b ng ct bo v 1 Cu ch

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2 MCB, MCCB

3 4

T phn phi Cu dao mt pha

o in mt pha

6 7

Cng tc n, i, ba, bn Cu dao ba pha

o in ba pha

Nt nhn thng h

10

Nt nhn thng ng

11

Nt nhn kp

2.4. Cc loi thit b o lng

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

1 Ampemet

Vnmet

ng h kiliwatt

Cc mch in chiu sng c bn: Mch n nung sng mt cng tc:

S nguyn l

S n tuyn

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

S ni dy Mch n mt n, mt cng tc v mt cm

S nguyn l

S n tuyn

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

S ni dy Mch mt n hai cng tc iu khin hai ni

S nguyn l

S n tuyn

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

S ni dy Ta cng c th mc Mch mt n hai cng tc iu khin hai ni theo s di y:

S nguyn l

S n tuyn

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S ni dy Mch mt n iu khin ba ni (mch n hnh lang):

S nguyn l

S n tuyn

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

S ni dy Mch n sng tt lun phin:

S nguyn l

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

S n tuyn

S ni dy 3. V cc k hiu in trong s in cng nghip Cc kh c in, thit b in ng ct trong cc s phi biu din trng thi ct (trng thi h mch), ngha l khng c dng in trong tt c cc mch v khng c lc ngoi cng bc tc dng ln tip im ng. Nhng ci i ni khng c v tr ct cn phi ly mt trong cc v tr ca n lm gc biu din trong s . Cc tip im ca thit b ng ct c hai v tr gc (v d: rowle c hai v tr), cn phi chn mt trong hai v tr biu din. V tr ny cn c gii thch trn s . Cc tip im ng ca role, ca cc kha in thoi v nhng ci chuyn mch in thoi, nt bm biu din theo phng php phn chia. Nhng tip im ca my ct v nt bm s biu din t trn xung khi biu din cc mch ca s theo chiu ngang, v t tri sang phi khi biu din cc mch theo chiu ng. 3.1. Cc loi my in 1 Cun cm, cun khng khng li Cun cm c li in mi dn t 3 Cun cm c u rt ra

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

4 Cun in cm c tip xc trt

5 tc 6

Cun cm bin thin lin

Cun khng in n

Cun khng in kp

Cun cm tinh chnh c li in mi dn t.

Bin p khng li c lin h t khng i

10

Bin p khng li c lin h t thay i

11 dn t

Bin p c li in mi

12

Bin p iu chnh tinh c bng li in mi dn t chung.

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

13 Bin p mt pha li st t

14

Bin p mt pha li st t c mn che gia cc cun dy

15

Bin p mt pha li st t c u rt ra im gia dy qun (bin p vi sai)

16

Bin p mt pha ba dy qun li st t c u rt ra dy qun th pha

17

Bin p ba pha li st t, cc dy qun ni hnh sao sao c im trung tnh rt ra

18

Bin p bap ha li st t, cc dy qun ni hnh sao tam gic c im trung tnh rt ra.

19

Bin p t ngu hai dy qun mt pha li st t

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

20 Bin p t ngu hai dy qun ba pha li st t

21

Bin p t ngu ba dy qun mt pha li st t

22

Bin p li thp c cun dy iu khin, mt pha

23

Bin p li thp c cun dy iu khin, ba pha cun dy ni hnh sao-sao

24

My bin dng c mt dy qun th cp

25

My bin dng c hai dy qun th cp trn mt li

26

My bin dng c hai dy qun th cp trn hai li ring

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

27 28 29 Cun dy cc t ph Cun dy stator (mi pha) ca my in xoay chiu Cun dy kch thch song song, kch thch c lp my in mt chiu Stator, dy qun stator k hiu chung

30

31

Stator dy qun ba pha tam gic

32 ni sao

Stator dy qun ba pha

33

Rotor

34

Rotor c dy qun, vnh i chiu v chi than My in mt chiu kch t c lp

35

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

36 My in mt chiu kch t ni tip

37

My in mt chiu kch t song song

38

My in mt chiu kch t hn hp

39

ng c in mt chiu thun nghch, c hai cun dy kch thch ni tip

3.2. Cc loi thit b ng ct, iu khin 1 Tip im ca cc kh c ng ngt v i ni -Thng m -Thng ng

-i ni

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Cho php s dng cc k hiu sau y: - Thng m - Thng ng

- i ni trung gian Cho php bi en vng trn ch v tip im ng 2 Tip xc trt - Trn mt dn in

- Trn mt s mch dn in kiu vnh trt

Tip im ca cng tc t, khi ng t, b ch ng lc: - Thng h

- Thng ng

- i ni

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

4 Tip im thng m ca rowle v cng tc t c tr hot v thi gian - ng chm

- M chm

- ng m chm 5 Tip im thng ng ca r le v cng tc t c tr hon v thi gian - ng chm

- M chm

- ng m chm

V d: mch khi ng sao tam gic Trong o: L1:

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Hnh 2.2 : Mch ng lc

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Hnh 2.3: mch iu khin

Hnh 2.4: mch quay hai chiu (mch ng lc)

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.5: Mch iu khin

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.6: mch ng lc hm ng nng ng c ba pha

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.7: Mch iu khin 4. V cc k hiu in trong s cung cp in 1 Dao cch li mt cc

4.1. Cc loi thit b ng ct, o lng bo v

Dao cch li ba cc

Dao ngn mch

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4 Dao t mch, tc ng mt chiu

Dao t mch, tc ng hai chiu

My ct h p (Aptomat) k hiu chung

My ct h p ba cc

Lu : nu cn ch r my ph thuc i lng no (qu dng, p..) th dng cc k hiu I >, I <, U >, U <, t sau k hiu my ct 8 Dao ct ph ti ba cc in p cao

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

9 cao My ct ba cc in p

4.2. ng dy v ph kin 1 Mch c 2, 3, 4 dy

Nhng ng dy cho nhau, nhng khng c ni v in

Nhng ng dy cho nhau, nhng c ni v in

V tr tng i gia cc dy in

Cp ng trc:

Mn chn ni v

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Mn chn ni t 6 7 Dy mm Ch hng cch in: Gia cc dy

Gia dy v v Gia dy v t

V d: S cung cp in:

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.8: S cung cp in dn su, khng c trm phn phi trung tm cc tram bin p phn xng nhn in trc tip t tram bin p cung cp.

Hnh 2.9: S trm bin p trung tm, s dng MBA ba pha hai cun dy

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.10: S tram bin p

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.11: S cung cp in cho mt nh my 5. V cc k hiu in trong s in t 1 in tr 5.1. Cc linh kin th ng

Bin tr (k hiu chung)

Bin tr khng c im chung

4 5 6 7 8

Bin tr c im chung T in (k hiu chung) T in c phn cc T in c iu chnh T in c tinh chnh

T in vi sai

10

T in dch pha

5.2. Cc linh kin tch cc 1 Diode

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Diode pht quang

Diode quang

Triac

Zener

Diac

Trasistor thun (PNP)

Transistor nghch (NPN)

10

Mosfet

11

Cu chnh lu

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

11

V d:

Hnh 2.12: Mch transistor iu khin mt rle

Hnh 2.13: Mch ngun

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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

Hnh 2.14: S iu khin dung lng t b 5.3. Cc phn t logic Cc phn t logic ch yu l cc cng AND, OR, XOR, NOR, NOT,.. c k hiu bng cc khi hnh vung v km theo cc k t bn trong.

Hnh 2.15: Cc cng logic c bn 6. Bi tp thc hnh

1. Lit k li cc thit b in (bng k hiu) trong phng hc. 2. V s b tr cc thit b ny trn bn v.

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CHNG 3: V S IN

1. M u 1.1. Khi nim V s in l mt bc quang trng trong thit k. N l c s d tr vt t, thi cng, cng nh bo tr h thng in. V s in l qu trnh th hin h thng in trn s . Da vo qu trnh th hin s gip ta thit k, thi cng, bo tr h thng in p ng yu cu t ra cho h thng. 1.2. V d 2. V s mt bng, s v tr 2.1. Khi nim Mt bng ngi nh l hnh ct bng ca ngi nh, trn th hin v tr, kch thc cc tng, vch, ca v cc thit b c.

Hnh 3.1: S mt bng ca mt cn h

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S v tr trnh by v tr lp t thit b in, kh c in trn mt bng. s v tr c cn c t mt bng kin trc ( s mt bng ). K hiu in dng trong s v tr l k hiu in dng trong s mt bng. Hnh 3.2 gii thiu s v tr ca mt vi thit b in trong phng khch thit b in trong phng khch

Hnh 3.2: S b tr thit b in Trong : : n hunh quang

: cng tc : dy dn 2.2. V d

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Di y l s mt bng ca mt ngi nh hon chnh: gm c mt bng sn vn, tng trt, tng lng, tng lu, tng p mi

Hnh 3.3: Mt bng sn vn

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Hnh 3.4: Mt bng tng trt

Hnh 3.5: Mt bng tng lng

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Hnh 3.6: Mt bng tng lu

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Hnh 3.7: Mt bng tng p mi 3. V s n tuyn 3.1. Khi nim S n tuyn trnh by mch in, mng in bng mt nt v trn vn th hin c s lng, c dy, cng nh cch thc i dy. S n tuyn c dng trong bn v thit k. k hiu in dng trong s n tuyn l k hiu in dng trong s mt bng. 3.2. V d

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Hnh 3.8: S n tuyn 4. V s ni dy 4.1. Khi nim S ni dy trnh by chi tit mch in, mng in dng trong thi cng. N c cn c theo s n tuyn, tt c cc ng dy c trnh by y gia cc ph ti, kh c in v ngun in trn s mt bng. cc ng dy c th hin theo tng tuyn hoc tng l dy. K hiu in dng trong s in l k hiu in dng trong s in. Ch : s v tr, s n tuyn, s ni dy phi th hin tng ng trn mt bng, d rng t l mt bng c th khc nhau. 4.2. Nguyn tc thc hin T s n tuyn, ta biu din y chi tit ca mch in. Trn c s nm vng s nguyn l vn hnh ca mch in.

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Hnh 3.9: S nguyn l 1- Ngun in 2- B phn bo v: cu ch 3- B phn iu khin: cng tc 4- Ph ti: bng n 4.3. V d

Hnh 3.10: S ni dy
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5. Nguyn tc chuyn i gia cc dng s Trong thit k, i vi nhng mng in phc tp, khi lng thit b in ln. thng thng c th hin duois dng s n tuyn. Do i hi ngi thi cng phi c kin thc v c bn v cng nh vic chuyn i qua li ca cc s . T vch ra c phng n d tr vt t, cng nh thi cng cng trnh: T s mt bng, chng ta c th thit k, b tr thit b in ca h thng in cho cng trnh. Cn c vo chng loi,v tr thit b in ta lp s n tuyn cho h thng in. S n tuyn ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong thit k, thi cng. Do vic thit k, c bn v ny l mt bc khng th b qua. T s n tuyn, chng ta c th trin khai ra s ni dy. Tuy nhin chng ta ch c th trin khai s ni dy trn s tng th (trn mt bng) i vi nhng h thng n gin. i vi h thng phc tp, thng thng ngi ta tch s ni dy ca tng thit b ra. Cng vic ny i hi phi nm r s nguyn l ca mch in, h thng in. 6. Vch phng n thi cng Vic phn tch bn v l c s vch ra phng n thi cng hp l, d tr khi lng vt t cn thit phc v qu trnh thi cng theo ng yu cu thit k. Mt phng n thi cng hp l l phng n m bo cc yu cu v k thut, an ton, thm m cho cng trnh v thun li trong qu trnh thi cng. lp t mt h thng in no ta cn lp cc s sau y. a) S lp t Cn xc nh cho ng v tr cc thit b cn lp t cng nh dy dn. V d trong mt cn phng cn lp t 1 bng n, 1 cng tc v mt cm c dy bo v nh hnh v di.

Hnh a: S lp t

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b) S tng qut

Hnh b: S n tuyn S tng qut biu din mt cch n gin cc thit b in cng tt c cc ph kin cng lin quan n mch in. ng dy v trn s ch c mt ng dy nhng c k hiu v s lng li dy v c tit din dy dn. Vi s ny cn cc loi thit b v ph kin sau: Mt cng tc lp trn tng Mt cm lp trn tng Mt n trn treo trn trn ng dn c k hiu NYM-J 1,5 mm2 t ni trn tng Gia n v hp u dy c ba li Gia cc cm v hp u dy c ba li c) S chi tit

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Hnh c: S chi tit (s ni dy) Hot ng ca mch: Khi bt cng tc Q1 dng in i t L1 , X1:1 , Q1:1 , X1:4 , E1:1 , E1:2 , X1:3 , N v n sng. cm c ni vo ngun in sau: L1 , X1:1 , X2:2 , X2:1 , X1:3 , N ng i ca dy bo v: PE , X1:2 , X2:PE V d 1: mch tun t Mt hnh lang cn c lp t 1 bng n trn trn v 2 bng hai u. Mch c iu khin bi 1 cng tc 2 v tr khng ph thuc ln nhau. Cng tc Q1 bao gm hai ngt mch v mt dy chung cng nm trong mt hp.

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Hnh a: S n tuyn

Hnh b: S chi tit (s ni dy)

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Hot ng ca mch: n E1 sng: L1 , X1:5 , Q1:1 , Q1:2 , X1:4 , E1:1 , E1:2 , X1:1 , N , Q1:2 (iu khin E1) n E2 v E3: L1:X1:5 , Q1:1 , Q1:3 , X1:3 , X2:3 , E2:1 , E2:2 , X2:1 , E3:1 , E3:2 , X2:1 , X1:1 , N , Q1:3 V d 2: Mch o chiu Mt cn phng c hai ca ra vo cn lp mt bng n c iu khin tt m bng hai cng tc khng ph thuc ln nhau. y ngi ta dng cng tc lt

Hnh a: S v tr

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Hnh b: S n tuyn

Hnh c: S nguyn l

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Hnh d: S chi tit (s ni dy) V d 3: Lp t in cho mt phng lm vic T s nguyn l v s mch in v thc hin lp mch theo s :

Hnh a: S nguyn l
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Hnh b: Cc hp u dy

Hnh c: S ni dy
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Bi ging V in Bin son: GV.Thin Khng Tung

7. Bi tp thc hnh

Thit k h thng in cho mt phng hc trn bn v, bao gm 1. nh dng bn v (kh giy,khung tn, . .). 2. V s mt bng phng hc. 3. V s b tr thit b. 4. V s nguyn l cp in cho cc thit b. 5. V s n tuyn. 6. V s i dy.

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