V th Microsoft Excel 2003-2010 t c bn n nng cao

Phn I. Nhp mn th trn Excel v cc dng th c bn

Chng 1. Gii thiu v th trong Excel
th gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh cc hnh nh trc quan, d hiu. th c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2007 vic v th cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th khc nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi hc ny. Bn c th quyt nh ni t th ca Excel trong bng tnh theo mt trong hai dng sau: t th trong worksheet (hay cn gi l Embedded chart) v t th thnh mt ChartSheet chuyn i qua li gia hai dng lu tr ny ta lm nh sau: Chn th | Chart Tools | Design | Location | Move Chart. Nu l Embedded chart th bn chn tn sheet ti Object in v nhn nt OK. Nu l Chart Sheet th bn nhp tn cho sheet ti hp New sheet v nhn nt OK.

Hnh 1.1: Chn ni t th

1.1. Cc bc v v ty bin th Phn ny trnh by cc bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v ty bin mt s ty chn ca th. Bng bn di l s liu kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cc nhm khch hng phn theo tui. Nu chng ta dng bng kt qu ny bo co cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin bo co s sinh ng v thuyt phc hn nu chng ta bin cc con s ny thnh th kt qu nghin cu c

nhn thy mt cch trc quan hn.

Hnh 1.2: Bng s liu nghin cu Thc hnh theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun cc nhn ca cc ct. Bc 2: Vo Insert | Charts. V d chng ta chn nhm Column | Clustered Column.

Hnh 1.3: Chn kiu th Bc 3: Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th thay i cc b tr ca cc thnh phn trn th bng cch: Chn th | Chart Tools | Design | Chart Layout | chn cch b tr thch hp. V d ta chn kiu Layout 3 trong Chart Layout.

Hnh 1.4: La chn Layout Bc 4: Chng ta c th thay i cch thc hin th cc nhm s liu trn trc honh bng cch o cc chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools | Design | Data | Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh ny khi cc th bc trn cha hin th ng nh mong mun. V d chng ta mun nhm cc nhm tui li d so snh cc nhm tui vi nhau.

Hnh 1.5: o dng/ ct Bc 5: Chng ta c th i sang kiu th khc bng cch vo: Chart Tools | Design | Type | Change Chart Type. Hp thoi Insert Chart s lit k ton b cc kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn la chn.

Hnh 1.6: Hp thoi Insert Chart v chn kiu th khc Bc 6: Ngoi ra, chng ta c th chn li tng mu cho th bng cch chn Chart Tools | Design | Chart Styles | chn More ().

1.2. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th Cc thnh phn thng dng

Hnh 1.8: Cc thnh phn trn th 1) Chart title: Tiu chnh ca th. 2) Chart area: L ton b th cha cc thnh phn khc trong th . 3) Plot area: Vng cha th v cc bng s liu ca th 4) Data label: Biu din cc s liu c th km theo trn th 5) Legend: Cc ch thch, gip ta bit c thnh phn no trong th biu din cho chui s liu no. 6) Horizontal gridlines: Cc dng li ngang. 7) Horizontal axis: Trc nm ngang (trc honh) ca th. 8) Data table: Thay v dng Data label ta c th dng Data table ngay bn di hnh v, l bng s liu v th. 9) Horizontal axis title: Tiu trc honh ca th, xc nh kiu d liu trnh din trn trc honh. 10) Vertical gridlines: Cc ng li dc. 11) Vertical axis: Trc dc (trc tung) ca th. 12) Vertical axis title: Tiu trc tung ca th, xc nh kiu d liu trnh din trn trc tung. Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D

Hnh 1.9: th 3-D, cc thnh phn b sung

Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th Side wall:Mu/ hnh nn cc cnh bn ca th Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th Column depth: su ca cc thnh phn biu din chui s liu di dng 3-D.

1.3. Cc thao tc vi th Chn thnh phn trn th

Cch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn chn, thnh phn c chn s c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh. Khi th c chn, chng ta c th dng cc phm mi tn di chuyn n cc thnh phn trong th. Ngoi ra, bn c th chn cc thnh phn ti Chart Tools | Format | Current Selection

Hnh 1.10: Chn thnh phn trn th Di chuyn th

th l Embedded Chart, nhp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area chn th di chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k hiu mi tn 4 chiu. Gi tri chut v di chuyn th n ni khc.

Thay i kch thc th

th l Embedded Chart, hhp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area chn th cn thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm. Di chuyn chut vo cc nt ny, gi tri chut v ko hng v tm th thu nh v hng ra ngoi phng to.

Sao chp th

Chn th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di chuyn n mt no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> dn th vo.

Hnh 1.11: K hiu tr chut khi di chuyn hay phng to/ thu nh, sao chp th

Xa th

Chn th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart Sheet, trc tin hy chn Chart Sheet, sau nhp phi chut v chn Delete t thc n ng cnh.

Thm cc thnh phn ca th

Chn th | vo Chart Tools | Design | ChartLayouts. S dng cc nhm lnh to cc thnh phn tng ng trn th c thit k sn nh ta , ch thch, cc nhn, ng li,

Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th

Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch, nhn. Mun di chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut chn n, sau nhp v gi tri ti cnh ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th. Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools | Layout | chn t cc danh sch thit k sn. xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut chn thnh phn v nhn phm Delete.

Hnh 1.12: Cc thnh phn trn th In th

In th cng ging nh in cc i tng khc ca Excel lu Print Preview trc khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung. Nu bn mun in th thnh mt trang ring th hy chn th v nhp nt Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang chn.

1.4. Hiu chnh v nh dng th Vic hiu chnh v nh dng cc thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng cc hp thoi. Cch d thc hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh phn cn nh dng v chn Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. Sau y l minh ha hiu chnh v nh dng mt s thnh phn ca th. Hiu chnh Chart Area

Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho Chart Area bnh cch: chn Chart Area | nhp phi chut | chn Format Chart Area

Hnh 1.13: nh dng Chart Area

Ngoi ra bn c th vo Chart Tools | Format | nhm Shape Styles c cung cp rt nhiu mu nh dng dng sn rt p. Ta c th phc hi tnh trng ban u cho cc thnh phn ca th c nh dng bng cch chn thnh phn | nhp phi chut | Reset to Match Style.

Ghi ch: o Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang chn o Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn ang chn o Border Styles:Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang chn. o Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang chn

o 3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang chn.

Hnh 1.14: nh dng bng Ribbon Hiu chnh Flot Area

Chn Plot Area | Chart Tools | Format | Shape Styles | chn kiu nh dng

Hnh 1.15: nh dng Plot Area

Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area | nhp chut tri vo cc nt bao quan Plot Area v ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area phng to.

Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, Ty theo kiu th ang x l m Excel cho php bn hiu chnh cc loi tiu ca kiu th .

thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools | Layout | Labels | Chart Title | la chn kiu t danh sch thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools | Layout | Labels | Axis Titles | la chn kiu t danh sch thm ch thch vo Chart Tools | Layout | Labels | Legend | la chn kiu t danh sch thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools | Layout | Labels | Data Labels | la chn kiu t danh sch thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools | Layout | Labels | Data Table | la chn kiu t danh sch. Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools | Layout | Insert | Text Box.

Hnh 1.16: Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc

Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, ri vo Chart Tools | Layout | Axes | Gridlines | chn kiu ph hp t danh sch. hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th chn n v vo Chart Tools | Format | Shape Style | chn kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu.

Hiu chnh cc trc Mun hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy chn trc | nhp phi chut | chn Format Axis Sau y l gii thch cc thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Hnh 1.17: Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn chn Value Axis Hu ht cc th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc honh. Cc bn nn chn th bit r hn cng dng ca cc ty chn. MinimumXc nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u) o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Maximum Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr kt thc) o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Major unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia chnh trn trc. o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc

 Minor unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia ph trn trc. o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Values in reverse order o th t sp xp cc gi tr trn trc Logarithmic scale Chuyn cc gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui nh ti Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0) Display units Chn n v hin th trn trc. Show display units label on chart Cho hin th cc nhn n v trn th Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. o None Khng s dng o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th. Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc o None Khng s dng o High Hin th pha bn phi trc o Low Hin th pha bn tri trc o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh) Horizontal axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc honh (i vi th 3-D chnh l ty chn Floor crosses at) o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh. o Axis value Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc (tung) Category Axis Interval between tick marks Xc nh s th hin cc nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm). Interval between labels Xc nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia o Automatic Excel t xc nh (thng l 1)

o Specify interval unit Xc nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc. Categories in reverse order Cc nhm th hin theo th t ngc li Label distance from axis Xc nh khong cch ca nhn so vi trc Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th. Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc Vertical axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc tung o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh. o At category number Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch Time Scale Axis Minimum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u) Maximum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc(ngy kt thc) Major unit Xc nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm) Minor unit Xc nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm) Base Unit Xc nh n v tnh cho trc Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th.

 Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc Vertical Axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch trc tung giao vi trc honh o Between dates Do Excel t xc nh o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch 1.5. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th

Chn chui s liu trn th (V d: chn ng cung) Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th

Hnh 1.18: Minh ha xa chui ng cung khi th Thm chui mi vo th

Chn th cn thm chui mi vo. Chart Tools | Design | Data | Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin.

Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin

t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn vo t bn phm) v chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng cch chp (Ctrl+C) d liu ca n vo b nh, sau chn th v dn (Ctrl+V) vo th.

Hnh 1.19: Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thng 3/2008 vo th

Thay i chui s liu Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mun ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp

Chn th cn chnh sa Chart Tools | Design | Data | Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin

Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho cc chui s liu khc.

Hnh 1.20: Minh ha thay i chui s liu Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm Series cho th. C php nh sau: = Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong :

Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn trc tip vo nh t trong cp nhy kp. Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha cc nhn cho cc nhm s liu trn trc, nu b trng Excel t nh s cc nhm bt u l s 1. C th nhp trc tip cc nhn vo ngn cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}. Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cc chui cn v. Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca cc chui (nu th c nhiu hn 1 chui) Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng trong phn tch ti chnh). Cc gi tr c th nhp trc tip ngn cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.

Hnh 1.21: Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3/2008

Thm ng xu hng vo th Khi v cc th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu hng bit c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu hng ty theo cch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vo: | Chart Tools | Layout | Analysis | Trendline | chn kiu ng xu hng t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options

Hnh 1.22: Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo th

Chng 2. th ct
th ct (Column chart) l dng th c bn v d v nht ca Excel. Dng th ny c s dng rt ph bin trong cc bo co nn cng c Microsoft xp v tr u tin trong danh sch cc loi th. th ct dng rt tt cho cc trng hp d liu thu thp c phn b thnh cc loi v c quan h vi nhau v chng ta cn so snh cc loi d liu ny vi nhau mt cch trc quan. th ct c cc phn loi nh nh sau:

th ct dng cm (Clustered column) v th ct dng cm 3-D: dng so snh gi tr gia cc loi thnh phn (categories).

th ct xp chng (Stacked column) v th ct xp chng 3-D: dng minh ha mi quan h ca cc thnh phn so vi tng th, so snh s ng gp ca mi gi tr thnh phn trong tng gi tr ca cc loi thnh phn. Khi trc tung th hin theo n v tnh ca cc thnh phn. th ct xp chng dng 100% (100% Stacked column) v th xp chng dng 100% 3-D: Loi th ny so snh phn trm ca mi thnh phn so vi tng cc thnh phn. Khi trc tung th hin dng phn trm. th ct 3-D: dng khi bn mun so snh d liu gia cc loi thnh phn (categories) v gia cc chui s liu (series). th dng Cylinder, cone, v pyramid: tng t nh cc kiu nu trn nhng hnh dng th hin l hnh tr (Cylinder), hnh nn (cone), v hnh thp (pyramid).

2.1. th ct n gin Tp s liu:

Ngun: cafef.vn (n v tnh 1000 ng) th mong mun sau khi v:

Nu bn khng xem c nh ng (GIF) trong trnh duyt th c thm: Trong Firefox: 1. Ti thanh a ch (Location Bar) g vo about:config v nhn Enter 2. G vo "anim" trong hp Filter tm nhanh thit lp cho hnh ng 3. Tm image.animation_mode v nhp chut 2 ln vo, sau g vo 1 trong cc ty chn sau: none s khng cho hnh ng hot ng (xem hnh ng nh nh bnh thng) once cho hnh ng thc thi mt ln ri dng normal l ch mc nh, cho php thc thi hnh ng Trong IE: Vo Tools --> Internet Options -->chn Advanced. Tm n khu vc Multimedia, chn "Play Animations" v nhn OK. Xem video dng hnh ng (GIF) cc bc v trong Excel 2003

2.2. th ct dng cm (Clustered Column) Tp s liu:

th mong mun sau khi hon thnh:

Xem video dng nh ng (gif) cc bc v trong Excel 2003

CHNG II: TH CT 2.1 TH CT N GIN HNG DN V TH CT N GIN I. Excel 2003 1. Cc bc v ra 1 biu : Vi d liu n gin 1 tiu ch sp xp theo bng d liu nh sau, ta c th v 1 th loi n gin nht: Dng ct.

Trc tin t chn vng d liu bao gm c tiu , sau nhn nt insert Chart hoc vo Menu Insert (i vi Excel 2003):

Nhn nt Press and Hold to view Sample s thy trc dng th, Nu d liu dc nh hnh 2-1-02 s thy:

nu d liu ngang nh hnh 2-1-01 s thy:

Tu theo dng ta mun l g, v va , ta c th nhn finish lun hoc nhn next qua bc k:

bc ny ta s chn li serie in Column hoc Row hin li theo mun.

Ti y th ta yn tm nhn Finish, v nh dng cc th sau, ta s c:

Nu nhn Next ta s vo bc k tip:

Trong cc Chart Title, Category Axis, Value Axis, ta mun hin ci g ln biu th g vo, khng mun hin th trng. V tr cc title trn th c ch bng mi tn trn hnh 2-1-11.

I. Excel 2003 1. Cc bc v ra 1 biu :(Tip theo)

Trong tab GridLine (hnh 2-1-12), mun hin ng grid no ln biu th nh du vo mc : Category X Axis Gridline l cc ng thng ng vung gc trc X, Value Y Axis Gridline l cc ng nm ngang vung gc trc Y.

Trong tab Legend, ta chn c hay khng c legend, v v tr ca legend:

- Bottom; nm di - Corner: gc trn bn phi

- Top: Nmm trn - Right: nm bn phi - Left: Nm bn tri.

Trong tab Data Label (hnh 2-1-14), ta chn cho th hin nhn cho tng ct trn biu :

- Serie name: Tn serie d liu - Category name: Tn ca point d liu - Value: Gi tr Y ca d liu - Separator: k t ngn cch gia cc mc trn: khong trng, du phy, du chm phy, du chm v xung dng. - Legend key: k hiu mu ca serie, dng biu d ct s l 1 vung nh cng mu vi serie.

Trong tab Data Table (hnh 2-1-15), ta chn cho th hin bng d liu trn biu hay khng v chn c cho hin biu tng mu cho serie d liu hay khng:

By gi nhn Finish, ta s c biu hon tt nh sau:

C th ta khng thch kch thc v mu sc mc nh ca Excel, ta s qua phn tip theo l nh dng cc thnh phn ca th.