KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT A./ Kim loi kim: I.

/ V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron : Kim loi kim gm: Liti (Li) , Natri (Na) , Kali (K) , Rubii (Rb) , Xesi (Cs) , Franxi (Fr)Thuc nhm IA Cu hnh electron: ns1 II./ Tnh cht vt l : + ton/c, tosi, thp (gim t Li n Cs) + Khi lng ring nh (tng t Li n Cs, do bn knh nguyn t tng, cu trc km c kht) + cng thp (do lc lin kt nguyn t yu) III./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh: M ---> M+ + e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 4Na + O2 ---> 2Na2O 2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl 2./ Tc dng vi axit (HCl , H2SO4 long): to mui v H2 Th d: 2Na + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H2 3./ Tc dng vi nc: to dung dch kim v H2 Th d: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2 IV./ iu ch: 1./ Nguyn tc: kh ion kim loi kim thnh nguyn t. 2./ Phng php: in phn nng chy mui halogen hoc hidroxit ca chng. Th d: iu ch Na bng cch in phn nng chy NaCl v NaOH 2Na + Cl2 PTP: 2NaCl pnc 4Na + 2H2O + O2 4NaOH pnc B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim: I./ Natri hidroxit NaOH + Tc dng vi axit: to v nc Th d: NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O + Tc dng vi oxit axit: CO2 +2 NaOH ---> Na2CO3 + H2O (1) CO2 + NaOH ---> NaHCO3 (2) + Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Th d: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 II./ Natri hidrocacbonat NaHCO3 1./ phn ng phn hy: Th d: 2NaHCO3 t Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2./ Tnh lng tnh: + Tc dng vi axit: NaHCO3 + HCl ---> NaCl + CO2 + H2O + Tc dng vi dung dch baz: NaHCO3 + NaOH ---> Na2CO3 + H2O III./ Natri cacbonat Na2CO3 + Tc dng vi dung dch axit mnh: Th d: Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong nc cho mi trng kim IV./ Kali nitrat: KNO3 Tnh cht: c phn ng nhit phn Th d: 2KNO3 ---> 2KNO2 + O2 B. BI TP Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2. B. 1s22s2 2p6. C. 1s22s2 2p6 3s1. D. 1s22s2 2p6 3s23p1. Cu 2: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH to kt ta l A. KNO3. B. FeCl3. C. BaCl2. D. K2SO4. Cu 3: Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO3 th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn l A. NaOH, CO2, H2. B. Na2O, CO2, H2O. C. Na2CO3, CO2, H2O. D. NaOH, CO2, H2O.
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Cu 4: bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trong A. nc. B. ru etylic. C. du ha. D. phenol lng. Cu 5: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh A. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2 B. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2 C. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2 D. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2 Cu 6: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc. B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc C. in phn dung dch NaNO3 , khng c mn ngn in cc D. in phn NaCl nng chy Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 8: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l A. 2KNO3 t 2KNO2 + O2. B. NaHCO3 t NaOH + CO2. t C. NH4Cl NH3 + HCl. D. NH4NO2 t N2 + 2H2O. Cu 9: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra: A. s kh ion Na+. B. S oxi ho ion Na+. C. S kh phn t nc. D. S oxi ho phn t nc Cu 10: Nhng c im no sau y khng l chung cho cc kim loi kim? A. s oxiho ca nguyn t trong hp cht. B. s lp electron. C. s electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t. D. cu to n cht kim loi. Cu 11: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng vi NaHCO3 khi : A. tc dng vi kim. B. tc dng vi CO2. C. un nng. D. tc dng vi axit.
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Na2CO3 + H2O. X l hp cht Cu 12: Cho s phn ng: NaHCO3 + X A. KOH B. NaOH C. K2CO3 D. HCl Cu 13: Cho 0,02 mol Na2CO3 tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th th tch kh CO2 thot ra ( ktc) l A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,448 lt. Cu 23: Trung ho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M bng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 400. B. 200. C. 100. D. 300. Cu 14: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 10,6 gam. B. 5,3 gam. C. 21,2 gam. D. 15,9 gam. Cu 15: in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lt kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kim loi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l A. LiCl. B. NaCl. C. KCl. ,D. RbCl. Cu 16: Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Kim loi kim l (Cho Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85) A. Rb. B. Li. C. Na. D. K. Cu 17: tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol KCl v 0,02 mol NaCl th th tch dung dch AgNO3 1M cn dng l A. 40 ml. B. 20 ml. C. 10 ml. D. 30 ml. Cu 18: Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30 gam hn hp mui clorua. S gam mi hidroxit trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 2,4 gam v 3,68 gam. B. 1,6 gam v 4,48 gam. C. 3,2 gam v 2,88 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 5,28 gam. Cu 19: Cho 100 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi axit HCl d. Kh thot ra hp th bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 30%. Lng mui Natri trong dung dch thu c l A. 10,6 gam Na2CO3 B. 53 gam Na2CO3 v 42 gam NaHCO3 C. 16,8 gam NaHCO3 D. 79,5 gam Na2CO3 v 21 gam NaHCO3 Cu 20: Cho hn hp cc kim loi kim Na, K ha tan ht vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ha ht mt phn ba dung dch A l A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 600 ml. Cu 21: Thm t t n ht dung dch cha 0,02 mol K2CO3 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol HCl. Lng kh CO2 thu c (ktc) bng : A. 0,448 lt B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,112 lt.

Cu 23: Dn kh CO2 iu ch c bng cch cho 10 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d i vo dung dch c cha 8 gam NaOH. Khi lng mui Natri iu ch c (cho Ca = 40, C=12, O =16) A. 5,3 gam. B. 9,5 gam. C. 10,6 gam. D. 8,4 gam. Cu 24: Cho 1,15 gam mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 50 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y? A. K. B. Na. C. Cs. D. Li. Cu 25: Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam H2O l A. 5,00% B. 6,00% C. 4,99%. D. 4,00% Cu 26: Cho 5,6 lit CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 1 lit dung dch NaOH 0,6M, s mol cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng l A. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaHCO3. B. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH. C. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH. D. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,5 mol NaHCO3. Cu 27: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam. Cu 28. Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy thp v mm l do yu t no sau y? A. Khi lng ring nh B. Th tch nguyn t ln v khi lng nguyn t nh C. in tch ca ion nh (+1), mt electron thp, lin kt kim loi km bn D. Tnh kh mnh hn cc kim loi khc Cu 29. bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g? A. Ngm chng vo nc B. Gi chng trong l c np y kn C. Ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht D. Ngm chng trong du ho Cu 30. Hin tng no xy ra khi cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4? A. Si bt khng mu v c kt ta mu xanh B. B mt kim loi c mu , dung dch nht mu C. Si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta mu D. B mt kim loi c mu v c kt ta mu xanh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT A./ Kim loi kim th I./ V tr cu hnh electron: Thuc nhm IIA gm cc nguyn t sau: beri (Be) , magie (Mg) , canxi (Ca) , stronti (Sr) , bari (Ba). Cu hnh electron: Be (Z=4) 1s22s2 hay [He]2s2 Mg (Z=12) 1s22s22p63s2 hay [Ne]3s2 Ca (Z= 20) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 hay [Ar]4s2 u c 2e lp ngoi cng II./ Tnh cht vt l : + ton/c, tosi, tng i thp (tr Ba) + Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm + cng cao hn kim loi kim nhng thp hn nhm (ton/c, tosi, khi lng ring bin i khng theo quy lut nh kim loi kim vi kiu mng tinh th khng ging nhau) III./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh (nhng yu hn kim loi kim) M ---> M2+ + 2e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: Ca + Cl2 ---> CaCl2 2Mg + O2 ---> 2MgO 2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit: a./ Vi axit HCl , H2SO4 long: to mui v gii phng H2 Th d: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2 Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2

b./ Vi axit HNO3 , H2SO4 c: to mui + sn phm kh + H2O Th d: 4Mg + 10HNO3 ( long) ---> 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O 4Mg + 5H2SO4 (c) ---> 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O 3./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng: Ca , Sr , Ba phn ng to baz v H2. Th d: Ca + 2H2O ---> Ca(OH)2 + H2 4./ iu ch: in phn mui clorua nng chy pnc RCl2 ---> R + Cl2 B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi: I./ Canxi hidroxit Ca(OH)2: + Tc dng vi axit: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + 2H2O + Tc dng vi oxit axit: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O (nhn bit kh CO2) + Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + 2NaOH II./ Canxi cacbonat CaCO3: t + Phn ng phn hy: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 + Phn ng vi axit mnh: CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O + Phn ng vi nc c CO2: CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 ---> Ca(HCO3)2 III./ Canxi sunfat: Thch cao sng: CaSO4.2H2O Thch cao nung: CaSO4.H2O Thch cao khan: CaSO4 C./ Nc cng: 1./ Khi nim: nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc cng. Phn loi: a./ Tnh cng tm thi: gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 b./ Tnh cng vnh cu: gy nn bi cc mui CaSO4 , MgSO4 , CaCl2 , MgCl2 c./ Tnh cng ton phn: gm c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu. 2./ Cch lm mm nc cng: Nguyn tc: l lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+ , Mg2+ trong nc cng. a./ phng php kt ta: * i vi nc c tnh cng tm thi: + un si , lc b kt ta. t Th d:Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O + Dng Ca(OH)2 , lc b kt ta: Th d:Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> 2CaCO3 + 2H2O + Dng Na2CO3 ( hoc Na3PO4): Th d: Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 * i vi nc c tnh cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4) Th d: CaSO4 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + Na2SO4 b./ Phng php trao i ion: 3./ Nhn bit ion Ca2+ , Mg2+ trong dung dch: Thuc th: dung dch cha CO32- (nh Na2CO3 ) B. BAI TAP Cu 1: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l A. Be, Na, Ca. B. Na, Ba, K. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K. Cu 2: Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l A. Fe. B. Na. C. Ba. D. K. Cu 3: Cht c th dng lm mm nc cng tm thi l A. NaCl. B. NaHSO4. C. Ca(OH)2. D. HCl. Cu 4: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l A. nhit phn CaCl2. B. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2. C. in phn dung dch CaCl2. D. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. Cu 5: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 to ra kt ta l A. NaOH. B. Na2CO3. C. BaCl2. D. NaCl. Cu 6: Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion
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A. Cu2+, Fe3+. B. Al3+, Fe3+. C. Na+, K+. D. Ca2+, Mg2+. Cu 7: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l A. Na2CO3 v HCl. B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4. C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2. D. NaCl v Ca(OH)2. Cu 8: Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y? A. Gy ng c nc ung. B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o. C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm. D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc. Cu 9: Cho cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3. Hiroxit c tnh baz mnh nht l A. NaOH. B. Mg(OH)2. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Al(OH)3. Cu 10: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l A. Na2O v H2O. B. dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch MgCl2. C. dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch KCl. D. dung dch NaOH v Al2O3. Cu 11: Khi cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 thy c A. bt kh v kt ta trng. B. bt kh bay ra. C. kt ta trng xut hin. D. kt ta trng sau kt ta tan dn. Cu 12: Khi dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy c A. bt kh v kt ta trng. B. bt kh bay ra. C. kt ta trng xut hin. D. kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan dn. Cu 13: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thot ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tn ca kim loi kim th l A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr. Cu 14: Ho tan 8,2 gam hn hp bt CaCO3 v MgCO3 trong nc cn 2,016 lt kh CO2 (ktc). S gam mi mui ban u l A. 2,0 gam v 6,2 gam B. 6,1 gam v 2,1 gam C. 4,0 gam v 4,2 gam D. 1,48 gam v 6,72 gam Cu 15: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO 2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l: A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml B. 224 ml C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml D. 44,8 ml Cu 16: Dn 17,6 gam CO2 vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,6M. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? A. 20 gam. B. 30 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 25 gam. Cu 17: Dn V lit CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 25 gam kt ta v dung dch X, un nng dung dch li thu thm c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l A. 7,84 lit B. 11,2 lit C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit Cu 18: Khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,15 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,10 mol Ba(OH)2, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = , Ba = 137) A. 39,40 gam. B. 19,70 gam. C. 39,40 gam. D. 29,55 gam. Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 8,4 gam mui cacbonat ca kim loi M (MCO 3) bng dung dch H2SO4 long va , thu c mt cht kh v dung dch G1. C cn G1, c 12,0 gam mui sunfat trung ho, khan. Cng thc ho hc ca mui cacbonat l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Fe = 56, Ba = 137) A. CaCO3. B. MgCO3. C. BaCO3. D. FeCO3. Cu 20: Ho tan ht 5,00 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO2(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c mt hn hp mui khan nng A. 7,800 gam. B. 5,825 gam. C. 11,100 gam. D. 8,900 gam.

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM A./ Nhm: I./ V tr cu hnh electron: Nhm IIIA , chu k 3 , th 13. Cu hnh electron: Al (Z=13): 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 Al3+: 1s22s22p6 II./ Tnh cht vt l: + Mu trng bc, nng chy 660oc + Nh bng 1/3 Cu, do, d dt mng. + dn in bng 2/3 Cu, dn nhit gp 3 ln Fe III./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh (yu hn kim loi kim, kim th) Al --> Al3+ + 3e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 2Al + 3Cl2 ---> 2AlCl3 4Al + 3O2 ---> 2Al2O3 2./ Tc dng vi axit: a./ Vi axit HCl , H2SO4 long: Th d: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 b./ Vi axit HNO3 , H2SO4 c: Th d: Al + 4HNO3 (long) ---> Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Al + 6H2SO4 (c) t Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Ch : Al khng tc dng vi HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui 3./ Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: Th d: 2Al + Fe2O3 t Al2O3 + 2Fe 4./ Tc dng vi nc: Nhm khng tc dng vi nc d nhit cao v trn b mt ca Al ph kin mt lp Al2O3 rt mng, bn v mn khng cho nc v kh thm qua. 5./ Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Th d: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ---> 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 IV./ Sn xut nhm: 1./ nguyn liu: qung boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) 2./ Phng php: in phn nhm oxit nng chy 4Al + 3O2 Th d: 2Al2O3 pnc B./ Mt s hp cht ca nhm I./ Nhm oxit A2O3: Al2O3 l oxit lng tnh Tc dng vi axit: Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al2O3 + 2NaOH ---> 2NaAlO2 + H2O II./ Nhm hidroxit Al(OH)3: Al(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh. Tc dng vi axit: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl ---> AlCl3 + 3H2O Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al(OH)3 + NaOH ---> NaAlO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 km bn vi nhit: Al(OH)3 t Al2O3 + H2O Mui NaAlO2 c th tc dng vi axit to kt ta nhm hiroxit NaAlO2 + CO2 + H2O ---> Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 iu ch Al(OH)3: AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O ---> Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl Hay: AlCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl - Mt s hp kim quan trng ca nhm: uyara, silumin, almelec, electron. III./ Nhm sunfat: Quan trng l phn chua, cng thc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O IV./ Cch nhn bit ion Al3+ trong dung dch: + Thuc th: dung dch NaOH d + Hin tng: kt ta keo trng xut hin sau tan trong NaOH d B. BAI TP Cu 1: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch: A. Na2SO4, KOH. B. NaOH, HCl. C. KCl, NaNO3. D. NaCl, H2SO4. Cu 2: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch
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A. NaOH long. B. H2SO4 c, ngui. C. H2SO4 c, nng. D. H2SO4 long. Cu 3: Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l A. qung pirit. B. qung boxit. C. qung manhetit. D. qung lmit. Cu 4: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y? A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg. Cu 6: Cht c tnh cht lng tnh l A. NaCl. B. Al(OH)3. C. AlCl3. D. NaOH. Cu 7: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch A. H2SO4 c, ngui. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. HCl. D. NaOH. Cu 8: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. Al2O3. B. MgO. C. KOH. D. CuO. Cu 9: Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh l A. NaHCO3. B. AlCl3. C. Al(OH)3. D. Al2O3. Cu 10: Phn ng ha hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm? A. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng. C. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c nng Cu 11: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch: A. KCl, NaNO3. B. Na2SO4, KOH. C. NaCl, H2SO4. D. NaOH, HCl. Cu 12: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. C. ch c kt ta keo trng. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. Cu 13: Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta nu . B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta li tan. C. c kt ta keo trng. D. dung dch vn trong sut. Cu 14: Nhm hidroxit thu c t cch no sau y? A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat. B. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch natri aluminat. C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. D. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi nc Cu 15: Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh H2 ( ktc) thot ra l (Cho Al = 27) A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Cu 16: Cho 5,4 gam bt nhm tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt kh hiro ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cho H = 1, Al = 27) A. 0,336 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,224 lt. Cu 17: Ho tan m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long ch thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Gi tr ca m l A. 8,1 gam. B. 1,53 gam. C. 1,35 gam. D. 13,5 gam. Cu 18: kh hon ton m gam hn hp CuO v PbO cn 8,1 gam kim loi nhm, sau phn ng thu c 50,2 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l A. 54,4 gam. B. 53,4 gam. C. 56,4 gam. D. 57,4 gam. Cu 19: 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thot ra 13,44 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u l A. 21,6 gam Al v 9,6 gam Al2O3 B. 5,4 gam Al v 25,8 gam Al2O3 C. 16,2 gam Al v 15,0 gam Al2O3 D. 10,8 gam Al v 20,4 gam Al2O3 Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton hp kim Al - Mg trong dung dch HCl, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cng cho mt lng hp kim nh trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l A. 69,2%. B. 65,4%. C. 80,2%. D. 75,4%. Cu 21. Cho dung dch cha 2,8 gam NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3. Sau phn ng khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 3,12 gam. B. 2,34 gam. C. 1,56 gam. D. 0,78 gam. Cu 22: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27) A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.

ST v HP CHT I./ V tr cu hnh electron: St th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4 Cu hnh electron: Fe (Z=26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar]3d64s2 2+ 6 Fe : [Ar]3d Fe3+: [Ar]3d5 II./Tnh cht vt l : St c tnh nhim t kh b nam chm ht.Dn in km v gim dn :Ag>Cu>Au>Al>Fe III./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh trung bnh Fe ---> Fe+2 + 2e Fe ---> Fe+3 + 3e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: Fe + S t FeS 3Fe + 2O2 t Fe3O4 2Fe + 3Cl2 t 2FeCl3 2./ Tc dng vi axit: a./ Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long: to mui Fe (II) v H2 Th d: Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 b./ Vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng: to mui Fe (III) Th d: Fe + 4 HNO3 (long) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) t Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Ch : Fe khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Fe kh c ion ca cc kim loi ng sau n. Th d: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu 4./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng st khng kh nc nhit cao: < 570 Th d: 3Fe + 4H2O t Fe3O4 + 4H2 t > 570 Fe + H2O FeO + H2 HP CHT CA ST I./Hp cht st (II) Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh (d b oxi ha) 1./ St (II) oxit: FeO Th d: 3FeO + 10HNO3 (long) t 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O Fe2O3 + CO t 2FeO + CO2 2./ St (II) hidroxit: Fe(OH)2 Th d: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O ---> 4Fe(OH)3 3./ Mui st (II): Th d: 2FeCl2 + Cl2 ---> 2FeCl3 Ch : FeO , Fe(OH)2 khi tc dng vi HCl hay H2SO4 long to mui st (II) Th d: FeO + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2 Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + 2H2O II./ Hp cht st (III): Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ha. 1./ St (III) oxit: Fe2O3 L oxit baz: tc dng vi axit to mui st (III) v nc. Th d: Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 ---> 2Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2O B CO, H2 , Al kh thnh Fe nhit cao: Th d: Fe2O3 + 3CO t 2Fe + 3CO2 iu ch: phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao. Th d: 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O 2./ St (III) hidroxit: Fe(OH)3 Tc dng vi axit: to mui v nc
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Th d: Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O iu ch: cho dung dch kim tc dng vi mui st (III). Th d: FeCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl 3./ Mui st (III): C tnh oxi ha (d b kh) Th d: Fe + 2FeCl3 ---> 3FeCl2 Cu + 2FeCl3 ---> 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 B. BAI TAP Cu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe2+? A. [Ar]3d6. B. [Ar]3d5. C. [Ar]3d4. D. [Ar]3d3. Cu 2: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe3+? A. [Ar]3d6. B. [Ar]3d5. C. [Ar]3d4. D. [Ar]3d3. Cu 3: Cho phng trnh ho hc: aAl + bFe3O4 cFe + dAl2O3 (a, b, c, d l cc s nguyn, ti gin). Tng cc h s a, b, c, d l A. 25. B. 24. C. 27. D. 26. Cu 4: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l A. hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit . Cu 5: Hai dung dch u phn ng c vi kim loi Fe l A. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. B. CuSO4 v HCl. C. ZnCl2 v FeCl3. D. HCl v AlCl3. Cu 6. Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi st to ra 32,5 gam FeCl3? A. 21,3 gam B. 14,2 gam. C. 13,2 gam. D. 23,1 gam. Cu 7: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 6,84 gam mui sunfat. Kim loi l: A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Al. Cu 8: Cho mt t bt st nguyn cht tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh ( ktc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 th thu c m gam mt cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 1,4 gam. B. 4,2 gam. C. 2,3 gam. D. 3,2 gam. Cu 9: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 10: Ngm mt inh st nng 4 gam trong dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly inh st ra, sy kh, cn nng 4,2857 gam. Khi lng st tham gia phn ng l A. 1,9990 gam. B. 1,9999 gam. C. 0,3999 gam. D. 2,1000 gam Cu 11. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l. A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit. Cu 12: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn l A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe(OH)2. Cu 13: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch A. NaOH. B. Na2SO4. C. NaCl. D. CuSO4. Cu 14: Dy gm hai cht ch c tnh oxi ho l A. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3. B. Fe(OH)2, FeO. C. Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeO, Fe2O3. Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe X FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 (mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng). Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. HCl, NaOH. B. HCl, Al(OH)3. C. NaCl, Cu(OH)2. D. Cl2, NaOH. A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Fe(NO3)3. Cu 16: Nhn nh no sau y sai? A. St tan c trong dung dch CuSO4. B. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl3. C. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl2. D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3. Cu 17: Cht c tnh oxi ho nhng khng c tnh kh l A. Fe. B. Fe2O3. C. FeCl2. D. FeO. Cu 18: Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 cho kt ta l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3OH. C. CH3NH2. D. CH3COOH. Cu 19: Cho phn ng: a Fe + b HNO3 c Fe(NO3)3 + d NO + e H2O
Y

Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Th tng (a+b) bng A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 20: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 21: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thot ra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 22: kh hon ton 30 gam hn hp CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MgO cn dng 5,6 lt kh CO ( ktc). Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l A. 28 gam. B. 26 gam. C. 22 gam. D. 24 gam. Cu 23: Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu c l A. 5,6 gam. B. 6,72 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 8,0 gam. Cu 24: Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 15 gam B. 20 gam. C. 25 gam. D. 30 gam. Cu 25: Nung mt mu thp thng c khi lng 10 gam trong O2 d thu c 0,1568 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca cacbon trong mu thp l A. 0,82%. B. 0,84%. C. 0,85%. D. 0,86%. Cu 26: Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe2O3, CuO tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 60 gam. B. 80 gam. C. 85 gam. D. 90 gam. Cu 27: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56) A. 40. B. 80. C. 60. D. 20. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CRM v HP CHT I./ V tr cu hnh electron: th 24, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4 Cu hnh electron: Cr (Z=24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar]3d54s1 II./ Tnh cht ha hc: Crom c tnh kh mnh hn st, cc s oxi ha thng gp ca crom l: +2 , +3 , +6 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: to hp cht crom (III) Th d: 4Cr + 3O2 t 2Cr2O3 2Cr + 3Cl2 t 2CrCl3 2Cr + 3S t Cr2S3 2./ Tc dng vi nc: Crom (Cr) khng tc dng vi nc bt k nhit no 3./ Tc dng vi axit:HCl v H2SO4 to mui Cr+2 Th d: Cr + 2HCl ---> CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 ---> CrSO4 + H2 Ch : Cr khng tc dng vi HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui. III./ Hp cht ca crom: 1./ Hp cht crom (III): a./ Crom (III) oxit: (Cr2O3) l oxit lng tnh Th d: Cr2O3 + 2NaOH ---> 2NaCrO2 + H2O Cr2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2CrCl3 + 3H2O b./ Crom (III) hidroxit: (Cr(OH)3) l mt hidroxit lng tnh. Th d: Cr(OH)3 + NaOH ---> NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl ---> CrCl3 + 3H2O Ch : mui crom (III) va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh. Th d: 2CrCl3 + Zn ---> 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH ---> 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O 2./ Hp cht crom (VI): a./ Crom (VI) oxit: CrO3 L oxit axit. C tnh oxi ha mnh
o o o

S , P , C , C2H5OH bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3 b./ Mui crom (VI): C tnh oxi ha mnh Th d: K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 ---> 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O B. BAI TP Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr3+ l: A. [Ar]3d5. B. [Ar]3d4. C. [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d2. Cu 2: Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l: A. +2; +4, +6. B. +2, +3, +6. C. +1, +2, +4, +6. D. +3, +4, +6. Cu 3: Nh t t dung dch H2SO4 long vo dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch chuyn t A. khng mu sang mu vng. B. mu da cam sang mu vng. C. khng mu sang mu da cam. D. mu vng sang mu da cam. Cu 4: Oxit lng tnh l A. Cr2O3. B. MgO. C. CrO. D. CaO. Cu 5: Cho phan ng : NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O Khi cn bng phan ng trn, h s cua NaCrO2 la A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 6: Cp kim loai no sau y bn trong khng khi va nc do co mang oxit bao v? A. Fe va Al. B. Fe va Cr. C. Mn va Cr. D. Al va Cr. Cu 7: Suc khi Cl2 vao dung dich CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH. San phm thu c la A. Na2Cr2O7, NaCl, H2O. B. Na2CrO4, NaClO3, H2O. C. Na[Cr(OH)4], NaCl, NaClO, H2O. D. Na2CrO4, NaCl, H2O. Cu 8: Khi so snh trong cng mt iu kin th Cr l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn A. Fe. B. K. C. Na. D. Ca. Cu 9: Khi lung K2Cr2O7 cn dng oxi ho ht 0,6 mol FeSO 4 trong dung dch c H2SO4 long lm mi trng l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52) A. 29,4 gam B. 59,2 gam. C. 24,9 gam. D. 29,6 gam Cu 10: Mun iu ch 6,72 lit khi clo (kc) thi khi lung K 2Cr2O7 ti thiu cn dng tac dung vi dung dch HCl c, d la (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52) A. 29,4 gam B. 27,4 gam. C. 24,9 gam. D. 26,4 gam Cu 11: oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH, lng ti thiu Cl2 v KOH tng ng l A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol. B. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol. C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol. D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol. Cu 12: Khi lng bt nhm cn dung thu c 78 gam crom t Cr 2O3 bng phan ng nhit nhm (gia s hiu sut phan ng la 100%) la A. 13,5 gam B. 27,0 gam. C. 54,0 gam. D. 40,5 gam Cu 13: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (cho O = 16, Al = 27, Cr = 52) A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08. Cu 14: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.

PHN BIT MT S CHT V C Cu 1: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y? A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg. Cu 2: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l A. dung dch Ba(OH)2.B. CaO. C. dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom. Cu 3: C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau y: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+ (nng khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th nhn bit ti a c my dung dch? A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch. Cu 4: C 5 l cha ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch cha cation sau (nng mi dung dch khong 0,01M): Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Al3+, Fe3+. Ch dng mt dung dch thuc th KOH c th nhn bit c ti a my dung dch? A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch. Cu 5: C 5 dung dch ho cht khng nhn, mi dung dch nng khong 0,1M ca mt trong cc mui sau: KCl, Ba(HCO3)2, K2CO3, K2S, K2SO3. Ch dng mt dung dch thuc th l dung dch H2SO4 long nh trc tip vo mi dung dch th c th phn bit ti a my dung dch? A. 1 dung dch. B. 2 dung dch. C. 3 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch. Cu 6: Kh CO2 c ln tp cht l kh HCl. loi tr tp cht HCl nn cho kh CO2 i qua dung dch no sau y l tt nht? A. Dung dch NaOH d. B. Dung dch NaHCO3 bo ho d. C. Dung dch Na2CO3 d. D. Dung dch AgNO3 d. Cu 7: C cc l dung dch ho cht khng nhn, mi l ng dung dch khng mu ca cc mui sau: Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. Ch dng thuc th l dung dch H2SO4 long nh trc tip vo mi dung dch th c th c cc dung dch A. Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. B. Na2CO3, Na2S. C. Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S. D. Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. Cu 8: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch khng mu sau(nng khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo tng dung dch, quan st s i mu ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no? A. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4. B. Hai dung dch CH3NH2 v KHSO4. C. Dung dch NaCl. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, Na2CO3 v KHSO4. Cu 9: phn bit dung dch Cr2(SO4)3 v dung dch FeCl2 ngi ta dng lng d dung dch A. K2SO4. B. KNO3. C. NaNO3. D. NaOH. Cu 10: C 4 mu kim loi l Na, Ca, Al, Fe. Ch dng thm nc lm thuc th c th nhn bit c ti a A. 2 cht. B. 3 cht. C. 1 cht. D. 4 cht. Cu 11: nhn bit ion NO3 ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long v un nng, bi v: A. to ra kh c mu nu. B. to ra dung dch c mu vng. C. to ra kt ta c mu vng. D. to ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Cu 12: C 4 dung dch l: NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, Na2CO3. Ch dng mt ha cht nhn bit th dng cht no trong s cc cht cho di y? A. Dung dch HNO3 B. Dung dch KOH. C. Dung dch BaCl2 D. Dung dch NaCl. Cu 13: Sc mt kh vo nc brom, thy nc brom b nht mu. Kh l A. CO2. B. CO. C. HCl. D. SO2. Cu 14: Kh no sau c trong khng kh lm cho cc dng bng bc lu ngy b xm en? A. CO2. B. O2. C. H2S. D. SO2. Cu 15: Hn hp kh no sau ay tn ti bt k iu kin no? A. H2 v Cl2. B. N2 v O2. C. HCl v CO2. D. H2 v O2.

HA HC V VN MI TRNG Cu 1: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn ri gom li l A. vi sng. B. ct. C. lu hunh. D. mui n.

Cu 2: Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu l do cht no sau y? A. Kh cacbonic. B. Kh clo. C. Kh hidroclorua. D. Kh cacbon oxit. Cu 3: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht thuc l. Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l A. nicotin. B. aspirin. C. cafein. D. moocphin. Cu 4: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l A. CO v CH4. B. CH4 v NH3. C. SO2 v NO2. D. CO v CO2. Cu 5: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh dung dch no sau y? A. Dung dch HCl. B. Dung dch NH3. C. Dung dch H2SO4. D. Dung dch NaCl. Cu 6: Dn khng kh b nhim i qua giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 thy dung dch xut hin mu en. Khng kh b nhim bn kh no sau y? A. Cl2. B. H2S. C. SO2. D. NO2. Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l A. penixilin, paradol, cocain. B. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin C. cocain, seduxen, cafein. D. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein. Cu 8: Trong kh thi cng nghip thng cha cc kh: SO2, NO2, HF. C th dng cht no (r tin) sau y loi cc kh ? A. NaOH. B. Ca(OH)2. C. HCl. D. NH3.

 CNG N THI TT NGHIP CHNG I CNG KIM LOI

Chng 5 : L THUYT I CNG V KIM LOI I. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI: 1. Tnh cht vt l chung : tnh do, dn in , dn nhit, nh kim. Nguyn nhn : do c s tham gia ca cc electron t do Kim loi do nht : vng (Au), dn in , nhit tt nht : bc(Ag) Tnh cht vt l ring: + Tnh cng : cng nht : crom(Cr) ; mm nht : Xesi (Cs) + Nhit nng chy : cao nht : Vonfram(W) ; thp nht :thu ngn(Hg) + Khi lng ring : nh nht :Liti(Li) ; nng nht :osimi(Os) 2. Tnh cht chung ca kim loi : M Mn+ + ne Kim loi ch th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng ha hc : d nhng electron tr thnh ion dng ( do bn knh nguyn t ln , m in nh, in tch ht nhn nh, nng lng ion ho nh ) II. DY IN HO : Tnh oxi ha tng dn K Ca Ba Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr3+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Hg2+ Pt2+ Au3+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( axit ) ------------------------------K Ca Ba Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Fe2+ Ag Hg Pt Au Tnh kh gim dn - ngha : cho php d on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ha kh theo quy tc .VD:
+ 2+ 2+ + 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+

Cu 2 + Cu

Ag + > Ag

III. N MN KIM LOI : * Phn bit : Gng : u l p oxi ho kh Khc : - n mn ha hc : khng pht sinh dng in. - n mn in ha hc : pht sinh dng in. + iu kin c n mn in ha (3 k ) + C ch n mn in ha. in cc m (ant) : M Mn+ + ne : qu trnh oxh ( kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn b n mn) in cc dng (catt) : 2H+ +2e H2 : qu trnh kh * Cch chng n mn kim loi : bo v b mt ( sn , m,)v bo v in ha(dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn bo v kim loi c tnh kh yu hn) IV. IU CH KIM LOI: -Nguyn tc : kh cc ion kim loi thnh nguyn t kim loi : Mn+ + ne M - Chn phng php iu ch kim loi thch hp v cc nguyn tc c th ca mi phng php K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu Hg Ag Au in phn nng chy Nhit luyn, thy luyn, in phn dung dch Thc t phng php thy luyn thng c dng iu ch cc kim loi yu nh: Cu, Hg Ag,Au... in phn : P nng chy : iu ch cc kim loi t nhm tr v trc trong dy in ho P dung dch : iu ch cc kim loi t sau nhm trong dy in ho Cc m : (Catt ) xy ra qu trnh kh Cc dng : (Ant ) xy ra qu trnh oxi ho Nu l cc cation t nhm tr v trc th nc Nu l cc anion : SO 2 ; NO ; CO 2 ;OH- th 4 3 3 s tham gia in phn nc s tham gia in phn 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2H2O O2 + 4H++ 4e Nu l cc cation t sau nhm th chnh cation Nu l cc anion : Cl- ;Br - ; I- th chnh anion s tham gia in phn s tham gia in phn Mn+ + ne M 2X- X2 +2e * Ch : + Nm vng th t oxi ha kh cc in cc : - Kh nng nhn electron tng dn ti catt : K+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Cr3+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Au3+ - Kh nng nhng electron tng dn ti ant : 2 2 SO 2 NO3 CO3 H2O O OH- Cl- Br- I- anot tan 4 - Nu ant lm bng cc kim loi ( tr Pt ) th kim loi lm ant nhng electron (in phn ant tan).

+ Vn dng cng thc : m =

AIt tnh khi lng cht sinh ra ti cc in cc. nF

Cu hi l thuyt V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 2: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 3: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO. Cu 4: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO. Cu 5: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2. B. 1s22s2 2p6. C. 1s22s22p63s1. D. 1s22s22p6 3s23p1. Cu 6: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l A. Sr, K. B. Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba. Cu 7: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IA trong bng tun hon l A. Sr, K. B. Na, K. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba. Cu 8: Nguyn t Fe c Z = 26, cu hnh e ca Fe l A. [Ar ] 3d6 4s2. B. [Ar ] 4s13d7. C. [Ar ] 3d7 4s1. D. [Ar ] 4s23d6. Cu 9: Nguyn t Cu c Z = 29, cu hnh e ca Cu l A. [Ar ] 3d9 4s2. B. [Ar ] 4s23d9. C. [Ar ] 3d10 4s1. D. [Ar ] 4s13d10. Cu 10: Nguyn t Cr c Z = 24, cu hnh e ca Cr l A. [Ar ] 3d4 4s2. B. [Ar ] 4s23d4. C. [Ar ] 3d5 4s1. D. [Ar ] 4s13d5. Cu 11: Nguyn t Al c Z = 13, cu hnh e ca Al l A. 1s22s22p63s23p1. B. 1s22s22p63s3. C. 1s22s22p63s23p3. D. 1s22s22p63s23p2. Cu 12: Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 2s22p6 l A. Rb+. B. Na+. C. Li+. D. K+. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOI Cu 13: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm. Cu 14: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm. Cu 15: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. Crom C. St D. ng Cu 16: Kim loi no sau y l kim loi mm nht trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Liti. B. Xesi. C. Natri. D. Kali. Cu 17: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. St. C. ng. D. Km. Cu 18: Kim loi no sau y nh nht ( c khi lng ring nh nht ) trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Natri B. Liti C. Kali D. Rubidi Cu 19: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l A. tnh baz. B. tnh oxi ha. C. tnh axit. D. tnh kh. Cu 20: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO3)2 gii phng kim loi Cu l A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag. Cu 21: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l A. Fe + Cu(NO3)2. B. Cu + AgNO3. C. Zn + Fe(NO3)2. D. Ag + Cu(NO3)2. Cu 22: Hai kim loi Al v Cu u phn ng c vi dung dch A. NaCl long. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. NaOH long Cu 23: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch A. FeSO4. B. AgNO3. C. KNO3. D. HCl. Cu 24: Dung dch FeSO4 v dung dch CuSO4 u tc dng c vi

A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn. Cu 25: ho tan hon ton hn hp gm hai kim loi Cu v Zn, ta c th dng mt lng d dung dch A. HCl. B. AlCl3. C. AgNO3. D. CuSO4. Cu 26: Hai dung dch u tc dng c vi Fe l A. CuSO4 v HCl. B. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. C. HCl v CaCl2. D. MgCl2 v FeCl3. Cu 27: Cho cc kim loi: Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn; s kim loi tc dng vi dung dch Pb(NO3)2 l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 28: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb? A. Pb(NO3)2. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Ni(NO3)2. Cu 29: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch A. HCl. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. KOH. Cu 30: Cho cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe, Al; kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l A. Al. B. Na. C. Mg. D. Fe. Cu 31: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3 c Al(NO ) + dNO + eH O. 3 3 2 H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 32: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 ? A. Zn, Cu, Mg B. Al, Fe, CuO C. Fe, Ni, Sn D. Hg, Na, Ca Cu 33: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+. C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+. Cu 34: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. Cu 35: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl 2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M c th l A. Mg B. Al C. Zn D. Fe Cu 36: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi A. K B. Na C. Ba D. Fe Cu 37: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d A. Kim loi Mg B. Kim loi Ba C. Kim loi Cu D. Kim loi Ag Cu 38: Th t mt s cp oxi ha - kh trong dy in ha nh sau : Fe 2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l A. Cu v dung dch FeCl3 B. Fe v dung dch CuCl2 C. Fe v dung dch FeCl3 D. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2 Cu 39: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag) A. Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag. Cu 40: Dy gm cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi l A. Mg, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Mg, Al. C. Fe, Al, Mg. D. Al, Mg, Fe. Cu 41: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l A. Na, Ba, K. B. Be, Na, Ca. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K. 2+ Cu 42: Trong dung dch CuSO4, ion Cu khng b kh bi kim loi A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Mg. D. Zn. Cu 43: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 44: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long l A. Ag. B. Au. C. Cu. D. Al. Cu 45: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 46: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch A. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl.

Cu 47: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 48: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Na, Al. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht trong dy l A. Na. B. Mg. C. Al. D. K. S N MN KIM LOI Cu 49: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung bng kim loi. Sau 1 thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no di y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn? A. Ancol etylic. B. Dy nhm. C. Du ho. D. Axit clohydric. 2+ Cu 50: Bit rng ion Pb trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho. C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho. Cu 51: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau : Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn; Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hy trc l A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Cu 52: Khi lu trong khng kh m mt vt bng st ty (st trng thic) b sy st su ti lp st bn trong, s xy ra qu trnh: A. Sn b n mn in ha. B. Fe b n mn in ha. C. Fe b n mn ha hc. D. Sn b n mn ha hc. Cu 53: bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn ngm di nc) nhng tm kim loi A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Sn. D. Pb. Cu 54: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 55: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l: A. I, II v III. B. I, II v IV. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV. IU CH KIM LOI Cu 56: Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l cht A. b kh. B. nhn proton. C. b oxi ho. D. cho proton. Cu 57: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo lng d dung dch A. AgNO3. B. HNO3. C. Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2. Cu 58: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H2. Cu 59: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C. Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu. Cu 60: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l A. nhit phn CaCl2. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. C. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2. D. in phn dung dch CaCl2. Cu 61: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l A. Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O. Cu 62: Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ? A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O C. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 D. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 Cu 63: Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag t AgNO 3 theo phng php thu luyn ? A. 2AgNO3 + Zn 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2 B. 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 C. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2 D. Ag2O + CO 2Ag + CO2. Cu 64: Trong phng php thu luyn, iu ch Cu t dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi no lm cht kh? A. K. B. Ca. C. Zn. D. Ag.

Cu 65: Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3, MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm A. Cu, Al, Mg. B. Cu, Al, MgO. C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg. D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO. Cu 66: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l: A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO. Cu 67: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn. Cu 68: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. Cu 69: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l: A. Ba, Ag, Au. B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu. Cu 70: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn. Cu 71: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra A. s kh ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Cl-. C. s oxi ho ion Na+. D. s kh ion Na+. Cu 72: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l A. Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O. Cu 73: Trong cng nghip, kim loi c iu ch bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy ca kim loi l A. Na. B. Ag. C. Fe. D. Cu. Cu 74: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Mg t MgCl2 l A. in phn dung dch MgCl2. B. in phn MgCl2 nng chy. C. nhit phn MgCl2. D. dng K kh Mg2+ trong dung dch MgCl2. CC DNG BI TP PHN I CNG KIM LOI DNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM Cu 1: t chy bt Al trong bnh kh Clo d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng cht rn trong bnh tng 4,26 gam. Khi lng Al phn ng l A. 1,08 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 1,62 gam. D. 3,24 gam. Cu 2. Bao nhiu gam Cu tc dng va vi clo to ra 27 gam CuCl2? A. 12,4 gam B. 12,8 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 25,6 gam. Cu 3. Cho m gam 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu vo mt bnh kn cha 0,9 mol oxi. Nung nng bnh 1 thi gian cho n khi s mol O2 trong bnh ch cn 0,865 mol v cht rn trong bnh c khi lng 2,12 gam. Gi tr m dng l: A. 1,2 gam. B. 0,2 gam. C. 0,1 gam. D. 1,0 gam. Cu 4: t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2 (cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam. DNG 2: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT Cu 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c 3,733 lit H2(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l: A. 50%. B. 35%. C. 20%. D. 40%. Cu 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l. A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit. Cu 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l A. 2,52 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,26 lt. Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (kc). Phn % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%.

Cu 6: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5) A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2. Cu 7: Ha tan 6,5 gam Zn trong dung dch axit HCl d, sau phn ng c cn dung dch th s gam mui khan thu c l (Cho H = 1, Zn = 65, Cl = 35,5) A. 20,7 gam. B. 13,6 gam. C. 14,96 gam. D. 27,2 gam. Cu 8: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H 2SO4 c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 3,36. D. 2,24. Cu 9: Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 5,40. D. 1,35. Cu 10: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 2,24. D. 3,36. Cu 11: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1, Fe = 56, Cu = 64) A. 6,4 gam. B. 3,4 gam. C. 5,6 gam. D. 4,4 gam. Cu 12: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H 2 bay ra. Lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ? A. 40,5g. B. 45,5g. C. 55,5g. D. 60,5g. Cu 13: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 15,6. B. 10,5. C. 11,5. D. 12,3. Cu 14: Trong hp kim Al Mg, c c 9 mol Al th c 1 mol Mg. Thnh phn phn % khi lng ca hp kim l A. 80% Al v 20% Mg. B. 81% Al v 19% Mg. C. 91% Al v 9% Mg.D. 83% Al v 17% Mg. Cu 15: Ho tan 6 gam hp kim Cu, Fe v Al trong axit HCl d thy thot ra 3,024 lt kh (kc) v 1,86 gam cht rn khng tan. Thnh phn phn % ca hp kim l A. 40% Fe, 28% Al 32% Cu. B. 41% Fe, 29% Al, 30% Cu. C. 42% Fe, 27% Al, 31% Cu. D. 43% Fe, 26% Al, 31% Cu. Cu 16. Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 8,96 lt kh H2 (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 18,1 gam. B. 36,2 gam. C. 54,3 gam. D. 63,2 gam. Cu 17. Cho 11,9 gam hn hp gm Zn, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thy c 8,96 lit kh (kc) thot ra. Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l: A. 44,9 gam. B. 74,1 gam. C. 50,3 gam. D. 24,7 gam. Cu 18. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v NO2 c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,56 gam. B. 1,12 gam. C. 11,2 gam. D. 5,6 gam. Cu 19. Cho 60 gam hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 13,44 lit kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Phn % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp l: A. 69%. B. 96%. C. 44% D. 56%. Cu 20. Cho 2,8 gam hn hp bt kim loi bc v ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c, d th thu c 0,896 lt kh NO2 duy nht ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm ca bc v ng trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 73% ; 27%. B. 77,14% ; 22,86% C. 50%; 50%. D. 44% ; 56% Cu 21. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 45,5 gam mui nitrat khan. Th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) thot ra l: A. 4,48 lt. B. 6,72 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 22. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N2O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l: A. 40,5 gam. B. 14,62 gam. C. 24,16 gam. D. 14,26 gam. Cu 23. Cho 5 gam hn hp bt Cu v Al vo dung dch HCl d thu 3,36 lt H2 ktc. Phn trm Al theo khi lng hn hp u l A. 27%. B. 51%. C. 64%. D. 54%.

Cu 24: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X l A. 21,95%. B. 78,05%. C. 68,05%. D. 29,15%. Cu 25. Cho a gam bt Al tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A ch cha mt mui duy nht v 0,1792 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2 c t khi hi so H2 l 14,25. Tnh a ? A. 0,459 gam. B. 0,594 gam. C. 5,94 gam. D. 0,954 gam. Cu 26. Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al trong dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng dung dch tng thm 7 gam. Khi lng ca Al c trong hn hp ban u l A. 2,7 gam. B. 5,4 gam. C. 4,5 gam. D. 2,4 gam. Cu 27: Cho hn hp A gm Cu v Mg vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc) khng mu v mt cht rn khng tan B. Dng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng ho tan cht rn B thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 (kc). Khi lng hn hp A ban u l: A. 6,4 gam. B. 12,4 gam. C. 6,0 gam. D. 8,0 gam. Cu 28: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (kc). Phn % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%. DNG 3 : XC NH TN KIM LOI Cu 1. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84 gam mui khan. Kim loi l: A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe. Cu 2. Ho tan ht m gam kim loi M bng dung dch H2SO4 long, ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5m gam mui khan. Kim loi M l: A. Al. B. Mg. C. Zn. D. Fe. Cu 3: Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml kh H2 (ktc) th khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l A. Zn. B. Fe. C. Ni. D. Al. Cu 4. Nhit phn hon ton 3,5 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 thu c 1,96 gam cht rn. Mui cacbonat ca kim loi dng l: A. FeCO3. B. BaCO3. C. MgCO3. D. CaCO3. Cu 5. Ho tan hon ton 0,575 gam mt kim loi km vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 25 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. Kim loi ho tan l: A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb. Cu 6. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l: A. K v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. Rb v Cs. Cu 7. Ho tan 1,3 gam mt kim loi M trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung ho lng axit d cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Xc nh kim loi M? A. Al. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Mg. Cu 8. Lng kh clo sinh ra khi cho dung dch HCl c d tc dng vi 6,96 gam MnO2 oxi ho kim loi M (thuc nhm IIA), to ra 7,6 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l: A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Be. Cu 9. Ho tan hon ton 2 gam kim loi thuc nhm IIA vo dung dch HCl v sau c cn dung dch ngi ta thu c 5,55 gam mui khan. Kim loi nhm IIA l: A. Be. B. Ba. C. Ca. D. Mg. Cu 10: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l (Mg= 24, Ca= 40, Sr= 87, Ba = 137) A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr. Cu 11. Khi in phn mui clorua kim loi nng chy, ngi ta thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc) anot v 3,12 gam kim loi catot. Cng thc mui clorua in phn l A. NaCl. B. CaCl2. C. KCl. D. MgCl2. DNG 4: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI Cu 1. Ho tan 58 gam CuSO4. 5H2O vo nc c 500ml dung dch CuSO4. Cho dn dn mt st vo 50 ml dung dch trn, khuy nh cho ti khi dung dch ht mu xanh th lng mt st dng l:

A. 0,65g. B. 1,2992g. C. 1,36g. D. 12,99g. Cu 2. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi dung dch ra nh lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8 gam. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch CuSO4 dng l: A. 0,25M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,5M. Cu 3. Ngm mt l km vo dung dch c ho tan 8,32 gam CdSO4. Phn ng xong ly l km ra khi dung dch, ra nh, lm kh th thy khi lng l km tng thm 2,35% so vi khi lng l km trc phn ng. Khi lng l km trc phn ng l: A. 80gam B. 60gam C. 20gam D. 40gam Cu 4. Nhng mt inh st c khi lng 8 gam vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 2M. Sau mt thi gian ly inh st ra cn li thy nng 8,8 gam. Nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch sau phn ng l: A. 0,27M B. 1,36M C. 1,8M D. 2,3M Cu 5: Ngm l km trong dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO4. Phn ng xong thy khi lng l km: A. tng 0,1 gam. B. tng 0,01 gam. C. gim 0,1 gam. D. khng thay i. Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton 28 gam bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l A. 108 gam. B. 162 gam. C. 216 gam. D. 154 gam. Cu 7: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 50 gam vo 400ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38 gam. Hi khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu? A. 0,64gam. B. 1,28gam. C. 1,92gam. D. 2,56gam. Cu 8: Ngm mt l Fe trong dung dch CuSO 4. Sau mt thi gian phn ng ly l Fe ra ra nh lm kh, em cn thy khi lng tng thm 1,6 gam. Khi lng Cu bm trn l Fe l bao nhiu gam? A. 12,8 gam. B. 8,2 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 9,6 gam. Cu 9: Ngm mt l km trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M. Khi phn ng kt thc, khi lng l km tng thm A. 0,65 gam. B. 1,51 gam. C. 0,755 gam. D. 1,3 gam. DNG 5: NHIT LUYN Cc bi tp tng t Cu 1: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560. Cu 2: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224. Cu 3: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thot ra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 4: Thi mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp Fe 3O4 v CuO nung nng thu c 2,32 gam hn hp rn. Ton b kh thot ra cho hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 3,22 gam. B. 3,12 gam. C. 4,0 gam. D. 4,2 gam. Cu 5: kh hon ton 30 gam hn hp CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MgO cn dng 5,6 lt kh CO ( ktc). Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l A. 28 gam. B. 26 gam. C. 22 gam. D. 24 gam. Cu 6: Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu c lA. 5,6 gam. B. 6,72 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 8,0 gam. Cu 7: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam. Cu 8. Cho dng kh CO d i qua hn hp (X) cha 31,9 gam gm Al 2O3, ZnO, FeO v CaO th thu c 28,7 gam hn hp cht rn (Y). Cho ton b hn hp cht rn (Y) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2 (kc). Gi tr V l A. 5,60 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 2,24 lt. DNG 6: IN PHN

Cu 1. Khi cho dng in mt chiu I=2A qua dung dch CuCl2 trong 10 pht. Khi lng ng thot ra catod l A. 40 gam. B. 0,4 gam. C. 0,2 gam. D. 4 gam. Cu 2. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO 3)2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr, th sau in phn khi lng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam? A. 1,6 gam. B. 6,4 gam. C. 8,0 gam. D. 18,8 gam. Cu 3. in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr 2 vi cng dng in 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1,92 gam. Mui sunfat in phn l A. CuSO4. B. NiSO4. C. MgSO4. D. ZnSO4. Cu 4. in phn hon ton 1 lt dung dch AgNO3 vi 2 in cc tr thu c mt dung dch c pH= 2. Xem th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k th lng Ag bm catod l: A. 0,54 gam. B. 0,108 gam. C. 1,08 gam. D. 0,216 gam. Cu 5: in phn 200 ml dung dch mui CuSO4 trong thi gian, thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam. Dung dch sau in phn cho tc dng vi dd H2S d thu c 9,6g kt ta en. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l A. 1M. B.0,5M. C. 2M. D. 1,125M. Cu 6: in phn dung dch AgNO3 (in cc tr) trong thi gian 15 pht, thu c 0,432 gam Ag catot. Sau lm kt ta ht ion Ag+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn cn dng 25 ml dung dch NaCl 0,4M. Cng dng in v khi lng AgNO3 ban u l (Ag=108) A. 0,429 A v 2,38 gam. B. 0,492 A v 3,28 gam. C. 0,429 A v 3,82 gam. D. 0,249 A v 2,38 gam. Cu 7: in phn 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,4M (in cc tr) trong thi gian 4 gi, cng dng in l 0,402A. Nng mol/l cc cht c trong dung dch sau in phn l A. AgNO3 0,15M v HNO3 0,3M. B. AgNO3 0,1M v HNO3 0,3M. C. AgNO3 0,1M D. HNO3 0,3M Cu 8: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuCl2 thu c 1,12 lt kh X ( ktc). Ngm inh st vo dung dch sau in phn, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng inh st tng thm 1,2 gam. Nng mol ca CuCl2 ban u l A. 1M. B. 1,5M. C. 1,2M. D. 2M. Cu 9: in phn bng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ho tr II vi dng in c cng 6A. Sau 29 pht in phn thy khi lng catot tng ln 3,45 gam. Kim loi l: A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Ni. D. Sn.