Step (1) : Determine overland flow time of concentration (minutes) From Equation 14.1, to = 107 n L 0.333 / S0.

2 For segment A; n = 0.045 (from Table 14.1 for average grass surface) TA = 107 x 0.045 x 7500.333 / 0.50.5 = 61.73 minute Adopted time of concentration = 60 minutes

Step (2) : Sizing of sediment basin

From Table 39.4, the predominant soil type is categorised as type C. From Table 39.5 for a 3 month ARI, the required surface area is 121 m2/ha and the required total volume is 145 m3/ha. The surface area required for the site = 121 x 40 = 4840 m2 The total basin volume required for the site = 145 x 40 = 5800 m3

(a) Settling Zone: From Table 39.5, the required settling zone V 1 = 2900 m3 (half the total volume) and the settling zone depth

y1 = 0.6 m.

Try a settling zone average width W1 = 45 m

Required settling zone average length L1= V1 / (W1 x y1) = 2900 / (45 x 0.6) = 107.41 m, say 108m Average surface area = 108 x 45 = 4860 m2 > 4840 m2 ; OK

Check settling zone dimensions L1/y1 ratio = 108/0.6 = 180 < 200; OK L1/W1 ratio = 108/45 = 2.4 > 2; OK

(b) Sediment Storage Zone: The required sediment storage zone volume is half the total volume, V2 = 2900 m3 For a side slope Z = 2(H):1(V), the dimensions at the top of the sediment storage zone are,

W2 = W1-2(y1/2)Z L2 = L1-2(y1/2)Z

= 45 2 x 0.3 x 2 = 43.8m = 108 2 x 0.3 x 2 = 106.8m

The required depth for the sediment storage zone, which must be at least 0.3 m, can be calculated from the following relationship, V2 = z2y23 - zy22 (W2 + L2) + y2(W2L2)

Which gives, 2900= 4.0 y23 306 y22 + 4860 y2

Use trial and error to find y2 For y2 = 0.63 m , V2 = 2941 m3 y2 > 0.3 m and V2 > 2900 m3 ; OK

(c) Overall Basin Dimensions

At top water level:

WTWL LTWL

= W1 + 2Z(y1/2) =46.2 = L1 + 2Z(y1/2) = 109.2

, say = 46m , say = 109m

Base :

WB LB

= W1 - 2Z[(y1/2) + y2] = L1 - 2Z[(y1/2) + y2]

= 41.28, say = 41m = 104.28, say = 104m

Depth :

Settling zone, = 0.6 m Sediment storage, = 0.63m Side Slope, Z = 2 (H): 1 (V)

Step (3) : Sizing of outlet pipe (refer Section 39.7.6 (c))

Outlet riser: 900 mm diameter perforated MS pipe.

The pipe is to be provided with sufficient small orifice openings to ensure that the basin will completely drain within 24 hours after filling.

An estimate of the total area of orifice openings required can be obtained by rearranging Equation 19.5 and using the average surface area and total depth of the basin,

Average surface area, Aav = (WTWLx LTWL + WB x LB) /2 = 4639 m2

Orifice area, total = 2Aav(y)1/2 / [t Cd(2g)1/2] = 2(4639)(1.23) / [(24x 60x 60) x 0.6 (2x 9.81) ] = 0.045 m2 Using an orifice size of 50 mm, the area of each orifice is A0 = 1.96 x 10-3 m2

Total number of orifices required = (0.045 / 1.96 x 10-3) = 24

At height increments of 200 mm, starting at the bottom of the pipe, put six rows of 4 x 50 mm orifices evenly spaced around the pipe.

Step (4) : Sizing of emergency spillway

The emergency spillway must be designed for a 10 year ARI flood (see Section 39.7.6(c)). The sill level must be set a minimum 300 mm above the basin top water level. To simplify the calculations, the following assumptions are made: assume riser pipe flow is orifice flow through the top of the pipe only riser pipe head is 300 mm, i.e. the height between the top of the pipe and the spillway crest level Qspillway = Q10 Qriser

From Equation 14.7, Q10 = C 10I10 A / 360 The 10 year ARI rainfall intensity is derived from Equation 13.3 and Table 13.3, for a 60 minute duration. 10I60 = 463.5 mm/h C = 0.906

Q10 = 0.906 x 463.5 x 40 / 360 = 46.66 m3/s

From equation 20.2 for orifice flow and assuming an orifice discharge coefficient of 0.6 Qriser = C0 A0 (2gH0)1/2 = 0.6 (0.92/4) (2x9.81x0.3)1/2 = 0.93 m3/s

Therefore, allowing for the riser pipe flow the required spillway capacity is: Qspillway = 46.66 - 0.93 = 45.73 m3/s

From Equation 20.9, 1.5 Qspillway = Csp B Hp1.5 Trial dimensions: B = 5.0 m , Hp = 0.5 m and Csp = 1.65 from Design Chart 20.2, Qspillway = 1.65 x 5.0 x 0.51.5 = 2.74 m3/s > 2.50 m3/s; OK Therefore, the total basin depth including the spillway is, 0.6 + 0.68 + 0.3 + 0.5 = 2.08 m