DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND CONTROLS

131305 - ELECTRICAL DRIVES & CONTROLS III SEM - MECHANICAL & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PART A (Q & A) UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION 1. What is meant by electrical drives? Systems employed for motion control are called "Drives" and many employ any of the prime movers such as, diesel or petrol engines, gas or steam turbines, hydraulic motors and electric motors for supplying mechanical energy for motion control. Drives employing electrical motors are known as "Electrical drives". 2 . What are the different types of drives? 1. Group drive 2. Individual drive 3. Multi motor drive 3. What are the different types of electrical drives? 1. DC drives 2. AC drives 4. What are the advantages of electric drives? 1. They have flexible control characteristics. The steady state and dynamic characteristics of electrical drives can be shaped to satisfy load requirements. 2. Drives can be provided with automatic fault detection systems. Programmable logic controllers and computers can be employed to automatically control the drive operations in a desired sequence. 3. They are available in wide range of torque, speed and power. 4. It can operate in all the four quadrants of speed-torque plane. Electric baking gives smooth deceleration and increases life of the equipment compound to other forms of braking. 5. Control gear enquired for speed control, starting and braking is usually simple and easy to operate. 5 . Mention the different factors for the selection of electric drives. 1. Steady state operation requirements 2. Transient operation requirements 3. Requirements related to the source 4. Capital and running cost, maintenance needs, life. 5. Environment and location 6. Reliability 6. What are the parts of electrical drives? 1. Electrical motors and load Page 1

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2. 3. 4. 5. 7.

Power modulator Sources Control unit Sensing unit What are the applications of electrical drives? 1. Paper mills 2. Electric traction 3. Cement mills 4. Steel mills 8. What are the different types of classes of duty? Continuous duty Short time duty operation of motorMain classes of duties Intermittent periodic duty Intermittent periodic duty with starting Intermittent periodic duty with starting & braking Continuous duty with intermittent periodic loading Continuous duty with starting & braking Continuous duty with periodic load changes 9. Define equivalent current method. The motor selected should have a current rating more than or equal to the equal current. It is also necessary to check the overload capacity of the motor. This method of determining the power rating of motor is known as the equivalent current method. 10. What is meant by cooling time constant? It is defined as the ratio between C and A. Cooling time constant is denoted as = C/A
Where C = amount of heat required to rise the temperature of the motor body by 1 degree Celsius in J C.
o

A = amount of heat dissipated by the motor per unit time per degree Celsius in J/S/oC. 11. What are the assumptions made while performing heating & cooling calculation of an electric motor? i. The machine is considered to be a homogeneous body having a uniform temperature gradient. All the points at which heat generated have the same temperature. All the points at which heat is dissipated are also at same temperature. Heat dissipation taking place is proportional to the difference of temperature of the body and surrounding medium. No heat is radiated. The rate of dissipation of heat is constant at all temperatures. Page 2 ii. iii.

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12. What are the factors that influence the choice of electrical drives? 1. Shaft power & speed 2. Power range 3. Starting torque 4. Maintenance 5. Total purchase cost 6. Influence on power supply 7. Availability 8. Nature of electric supply 9. Types of drive 10.Service cost 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Speed range Efficiency Influence on the supply network Special competence Cost of energy losses Environment Accessibility Nature of load Electrical Characteristics Service capacity & rating 13. Why the losses at starting is not a factor of consideration in a continuous duty motor? While selecting a motor for this type of duty it is not necessary to give importance to the heating caused by losses at starting even though they are more than the losses at rated load. This is because the motor does not require frequent starting it is started only once in its duty cycle and the losses during starting do not have much influence on heating. 14. What is meant by short time rating of motor? Any electric motor that is rated for a power rating P for continuous operation can be loaded for a short time duty (Psh) that is much higher than P, if the temperature rise is the consideration. 15. What is meant by load equalization? In the method of load Equalization intentionally the motor inertia is increased by adding a flywheel on the motor shaft, if the motor is not to be reversed. For effectiveness of the flywheel, the motor should have a prominent drooping characteristic so that on load there is a considerable speed drop. 16. What is short time duty? In short time duty the period of operation is so short that the temperature rise of the motor does not reach its final steady value and the period of rest is so long that the motor returns to cold conditions. 17. What is heating time constant? Heating time constant is defined as the time taken by the machine to attain 0.632 of its final steady temperature rise. The heating time constant of the machine is the index of the time taken by the machine to attain its final steady temperature rise. UNIT 2 - DRIVE MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS 18. What is meant by mechanical characteristics? A curve is drawn between speed-torque. This characteristic is called mechanical characteristics. Page 3

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19. Draw the speed-torque characteristics of dc shunt motor. 20.Draw the speed-torque characteristics of dc series motor. 21. A series motor should never be started without some mechanical load why? When the load current Ia falls to a small value, speed becomes dangerously high. Hence a series motor should never be started without some mechanical load. 22. What are the different types of dc motor? I. DC series motor2. Shunt motor 3. Compound motor4. Separately excited de motor 23. a)What is meant by electrical characteristics?
A curve is drawn torque and armature current. It is known as electrical characteristics.

24. What is the relation between speed and flux of a dc motor? The speed of a dc motor is inversely proportional to field flux. 25. What is the application of dc motor? DC shunt motor:1. For driving constant speed operations 2. Lathes 3. Centrifugal pumps DC series motor:1. Electric locomotives 2. Rapid transit systems 3. Trolley cars 4. Cranes and hoists 5. Conveyors DC compound motor:1. Elevators. 2. Air compressors 3. Rolling mills 4. Heavy planers Page 4 4. Machine tools 5. Blowers and fans 6. Reciprocating pumps

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26. A dc shunt motor is called as constant speed motor-why? The drop in speed from no-load fuel-load is small; hence the dc shunt motor is also called as constant speed motor. 27. What is mean by braking? Whenever an electric drive is disconnected from the supply, the speed of the driving motor gradually decreases and becomes zero. Braking is a generic term used to describe a set of operating conditions for electric drive systems. It includes rapid stopping of the electric motor holding the motor shaft to a specific position, maintaining the speed to a desired value of preventing the motor from over speeding. 28. What are the two types of braking? 1. Mechanical braking 2. Electrical braking 29. What is meant by mechanical braking? In mechanical braking, the frictional force between the rotating parts and brake drums provide thee required brake. 30. What is meant by electric braking? In electric braking, the motor is made to work as generator. So it produces a negative slip and negative torque (braking torque). This is achieved by suitably changing the electrical connections of the motor. 31. What are the different types of electric braking? 1. Regenerative braking 2. Dynamic braking 3. Plugging 32. What are the advantages of electric braking? 1. High efficient method 2. Low maintenance. 3. Braking is very smooth. 33. What is meant by regenerative braking? In the regenerative braking operation, the motor operators as a generator, while it is still connected to the supply. Here, the motor speed is greater than the synchronous speed. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, part of which is returned to the supply and rest of the energy is last as heat in the winding and bearings. 34. What is meant by dynamic braking? When an electric motor rotates, a kinetic energy of the motor is converted into electric energy. This energy is dissipated in resistive elements. 35. What is meant by plugging? Page 5

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The plugging operation can be obtained by changing the polarity of the motor. For a machine, the phase sequence of the starter windings and dc machines the polarities of the field or armature terminals. 36. Draw the plugging characteristics of dc series and separately excited motor.
37. Draw the dynamic braking characteristics of separately excited and series motor.

38. Draw the regenerative 6raking characteristics of separately excited motor. 39. What are the disadvantages of dc machine? 1. Higher cost 2. Higher rotor inertia 3. Maintains problems with commutator and brushes 4. EMI problems 5. Do not permit a machine to operate in dirty and explosive environments. 40. What are the advantages of squirrel cage induction motor? 1. Rugged 2. Cheaper Page 6

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3. Lighter 4. More efficient 5. Less maintenance 6. Can operate in explosive and dirty environment. UNIT 3 - STARTING METHODS 41. What is the use of a starter for dc motor? The starter mainly used to reduce the starting current of the dc motor. At the time of starting back e.m.f. is zero. Armature resistance also very small. Hence starting current is very high through armature.
Ia= (V-Eb)/Ra

42. What are the different types of DC motor starters? Three point starter, four point starter for shunt & compound motors and two point starter for series motor. 43. What are the different types of AC motor starters? Direct on Line starter, Auto transformer starter, Star - Delta starter, Stator resistance starter for Squirrel cage induction motor and Rotor resistance starter for slip ring induction motor. 44. What are the starters used for Squirrel cage induction motor? Direct on Line starter, Auto transformer starter, Star - Delta starter, Stator resistance starter for Squirrel cage induction motor. 45. Which type of starter is used for slip ring induction motor? Rotor resistance starter for slip ring induction motor. 46. What are the applications of DC motor? Electric traction, Machine tool, Steel mills, Textile mills. 47. What are the advantages of DC drives? Lower cost, Reliability, Simple control. 48. Give some advantages and disadvantages of D.O.L starter. Advantages: Highest starting torque Low cost Greatest simplicity Disadvantages: The inrush current of large motors may cause excessive voltage drop in the weak power system The torque may be limited to protect certain types of loads. 49. What is the objective of rotor resistance starter (stator rotor starter)? Page 7

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To include resistance in the rotor circuit there by reducing the induced rotor current at starting. This can be implemented only on a slip ring induction motor. 50. Give the prime purpose of a starter for motors. when motor is switched on to the supply, it takes about 5 to 8 times full load current at starting. This starting current may be of such a magnitude as to cause objectionable voltage drop in the lines. So Starters are necessary 51. Why motor take heavy current at starting? When 3 phase supply is given to the stator of an induction motor, magnetic field rotating in space at synchronous speed is produced. This magnetic field is cut by the rotor conductors, which are short circuited. This gives to induced current in them. Since rotor of an induction motor behaves as a short circuited secondary of a transformer whose primary is stator winding, heavy rotor current will require corresponding heavy stator balancing currents. Thus motor draws heavy current at starting 52. Mention the Starters used to start an Induction motor. D.O.L Starter (Direct Online Starter) Star-Delta Starter Auto Transformer Starter Reactance or Resistance starter Stator Rotor Starter (Rotor Resistance Starter) 53. Draw the Speed-Torque characteristics of an Induction motor with various values of Rotor Resistance. Rotor Resistance Increasing Tmax Torque Speed Page 8

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54. What are the protective devices in a DC/AC motor Starter. Over load Release (O.L.R) or No volt coil Hold on Coil Thermal Relays Fuses(Starting /Running) Over load relay
UNIT 4 CONVENTIONAL AND SOLID STATE SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. DRIVES

55. Write down the speed equation of a dc motor. N = (V IaRa) / Kb Where V = applied voltage Ia = armature current Ra = armature resistance =flux
Kb= constant

56. What are the methods of speed control of dc motors? Armature resistance control, Flux control, Voltage control. 57. What is meant by armature resistance control? A controller resistance is connected in series with armature. By varying the controller resistance R, the potential drop across the armature is varied. Therefore, the motor speed also varied. This method of speed control only applicable for speed less than no load speed. 58. What are the advantages and disadvantages of armature resistance control of dc shunt motor? Advantages: Simple method of speed control. Disadvantages: 1. This method is highly inefficient, because more power is wasted in controller resistance. 2. Change in speed with Change in load becomes large. 59. What is meant by flux control method? The speed of the dc motor can be controlled by varying the field flux. This can be increasing the speed of the motor above its rated speed, because the speed is inversely proportional to the field flux. 60. What are the methods of speed control of dc series motor? 1. Variable resistance in series with motor Page 9

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2. Flux control method i. Field diverter ii. Armature diverter iii. Tapped field control iv. Paralleling field coils and v. Series parallel control 61. What is meant Ward Leonard system? The speed of the dc shunt motor can be controlled by above and below rated speed using the system. It consists of motor generator set. The armature voltage control can be achieved by varying the field of the dc generator. The flux control can be achieved by varying the field of the dc motor. 62. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ward Leonard system? Full forward and reverse speed can be achieved. A wide range of speed control is possible. Power is automatically regenerated to the ac line to the mg set when speed is reduced. Short time overload capacity is large, The armature current is smooth. High initial cost. Overall efficiency low (less than 80%, because of the additional MG set). Costly foundation and large amount of space is required. This produces noise. It requires frequent maintenance
Disadvantages: Advantages:-

63. What are the methods of speed control of induction motors? Stator voltage control, frequency control, Pole changing method, Cascaded control, slip power control. 64. What it is meant by voltage control? The induction motor speed can be controlled by varying the stator voltage. This can be done by using auto transformer. Using this method speed below rated speed is only possible. 65. What is frequency control? N = 120f/P Where N= speed of the motorf = supply frequency p= number of poles Speed of the induction motor can be controlled by varying supply frequency as speed is directly proportional to supply frequency. 66. What are the different types of slip power control system? Page 10

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Kramer system, Scherbius system. 67. What is meant by slip power? The portion of air gap power, which is not converted into mechanical power, is called slip power. Slip power is nothing but multiplication of slip (s) and air gap power (P ag)
Slip power = s (P ag)

68. What are the advantages of slip power recovery system? The slip power can be recovered and fed back to the supply. The overall efficiency also improved. 69. What are the different types of slip power recovery system? These are classified two types. 1. Kramer system i. Conventional Kramer system ii. Static Kramer system 2. Scherbius system i. Conventional Scherbius system ii. Static Scherbius system iii. DC link static Scherbius system iv. Cycloconverter Scherbius system 70. What is meant by Kramer system? The Kramer system is only applicable for sub-synchronous speed operation because the slip power is fed back to the supply. 71. What are advantages of conventional Kramer method? 1) The main advantage of this method is that any speed, within the working range, can be obtained instead of only two or three, as with other methods of speed control. 2) If the rotor converter is over excited, it will take a leading current which compensates for the lagging current drawn by SRIM & hence improves the power factor of the system. 72. What is the function of static Kramer system? The slip power is converted into dc by diode bridge rectifier and the DC voltage is converted into AC by line commutated inverter and fed back to supply. As the slip power can flow only in one direction, static Kramer drive offers speed control below synchronous speed only. 73. Define slip power control. What is meant by slip power recovery system? In slip ring induction motor the rotor power (slip power can be recover and fed back to supply or can be used to supply and additional motor which is mechanically coupled to the main motor. This type of drive is known as slip power recovery system and improves overall efficiency of the system. Page 11

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74. What is the function of conventional Kramer System? In conventional Kramer system, the slip power is converted into dc by rotary converter. The dc voltage is fed to dc motor. The dc motor is coupled with slip ring induction motor. The speed of the SRIM can be controlled by varying the field regulator of the de motor. 75. Where static Kramer drive is used? In large power pump and fan type drives, where speed control within narrow range and below synchronous speed. 76. What are the advantages of static Kramer system? 1. The drive system is very efficient and the converter power rating is low, because it has to handle only the slip power. 2. The drive system has dc machine-like characteristics and the control is very simple. 77. What are applications of static Scherbius drive system? 1. Multi-MW, variable speed pumps/generators. 2. Flywheel energy storage system. 78. What are the advantages and disadvantages of static Scherbius drive? Advantages: 1. In this method, the problem of commutation near synchronous speed disappears. 2. The cyclo-converter can easily operates as a phase-controlled rectifier, supplying dc current in the rotor and permitting true synchronous machine operation. 3. The near-sinusoidal current waves in the rotor, which reduce harmonic loss, and a machine over excitation capacity that permits leading power factor operation on the stator side. So the line's power factor is unity. 4. The cyclo-converter is to be controlled so that its output frequency tracks precisely with the slip frequency. Disadvantages: 1. The cyclo-converter cost is increases. 2. The control of the Scherbius drive is some what complex. 79. Compare conventional method of Kramer and Scherbius system Kramer Method This system consists of SRIM, Rotary converter and dc motor and Induction generator Here, the return power is Mechanical Less cost. Scherbius Method This system consists of SRIM, Rotary converter and dc motor Here, the return power is mechanical More cost 80. What is meant by controlled rectifier? It converts fixed ac voltage into variable dc output voltage. Page 12

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81. What is meant by electric drive? An electric motor together with its control equipment and energy-transmitting device forms an electric drive. A ceiling-fan motor with its speed regulator but without blades is an example of electric device. 82. What is meant by electric-drive system? An electric drive together with its working machines constitutes an electric drive system. 83: What is meant by dc drives? A dc motor speed can be controlled by using power-electronic converters. It is called as dc drives. 84. What are the different types of dc drives? Single phase dc drives, three phase dc drives, Chopper drives. 85. What are the two basic methods of speed control of dc motors? The dc motor speed controlled by (1) armature voltage control (below base speed) (2) Flux control (above base speed). 86. What are the different types of single phase dc drives? Single phase half controlled dc drives. Single phase full controlled dc drives. 87. What are the different types of chopper? 1. First quadrant chopper-motoring control 2. Second quadrant chopper-braking controls 3. Two quadrant chopper 4. Four quadrant chopper. 88. What is meant by duty cycle? Duty cycle is defined as the ratio between on time of chopper and total time of chopper = Ton/T 89. What are the advantages of dc chopper drives? Dc chopper drives has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility in control, light weight, small size, quick response and regeneration down to very low speed. 90. What are the different methods of speed control of induction motors? 1. Stator voltage control2. Voltage/frequency control (v/f) 3. Rotor resistance control4. Slip energy recovery control. 91. What is stator voltage control? Page 13

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Three phase induction motor speed can be controlled by varying the stator voltage. This stator voltage can be varied by using ac voltage controllers. This method of speed control of induction motor is called as stator voltage control. It is also called soft start. 92. What is meant by ac voltage controller? Ac voltage controller means, it converts fixed ac voltage into variable ac voltage without change in supply of frequency. 93. What are advantages of stator voltage control? 1. The control is very simple 2. More compact and less weight 3. Its response time is quick 4. This is an economical method 94. What are disadvantages of stator voltage control? 1. The input power factor is very low. 2. Voltage and current waveforms are highly distorted due to harmonics, which affects the efficiency of the machine. 3. Operating efficiency is low as resistance losses are high. 4. Performance is poor under running conditions at low speeds. 95. Define base speed. The base speed is defined as the synchronous speed corresponding to the rated frequency. 96. What is meant by stator frequency control? Three phase induction motor speed can be controlled by varying the stator frequency. The variable stator frequency can be obtained by inverters circuit. 97. What is meant by v/f control? If the ratio of voltage to frequency is kept constant; the flux also remains constant. At low frequency, the air gap flux is reduced due to the drop in the stator impedance and the voltage has to be increased to maintain the torque level. This type of control is usually known as volts/hertz (v/f) control. The voltage at variable frequency can be obtained from three-phase inverter or cyclo-converter. 98. What are main features of v/f control? The maximum torque should be constant & the starting current is also constant. 99. What type of motor is applicable for slip power recovery system? Slip ring induction motor 100. What is slip? Page 14

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The difference between the synchronous speed Ns and the actual speed N of the rotor is known as slip. 101. What is uncontrolled rectifier? A diode is an uncontrolled rectifier, which converts fixed ac to fixed dc. 102. What is rheostatic braking? In rheostatic braking the armature is disconnected from the supply and is connected as a variable resistance. The braking is controlled by varying the series resistance. 103. What are the applications of induction motors? Domestic applications like washing machines, refrigeration, air conditioners, etc. pumps and compressors. Industrial applications such as lifts, cranes, pumps, lathes, machines tools etc. 104. What is a chopper? A chopper is a DC to DC converter. The fixed voltage of a dc source can be converted into an adjustable average voltage across a load by inserting a high speed switch between the dc source and the load. The high speed switch is called the chopper. 105. What is an individual drive? A drive which is allotted for each process equipment is known as individual drive. 106. What are the disadvantages of an individual drive? Initial cost is high. 107. What are the classifications of drives? The classifications of drives are a) Group Drive b) Individual Drive c) Multi motor drive 108. What are the advantages of group drive? a) Initial cost is less b) Group drive system is useful because all operation are stopped simultaneously c) Less space is required in group drive d) Maintenance cost is less 109. Define continuous duty Continuous duty is defined as the load that may be carried by the machine for an indefinite time without the temperature rise of any part exceeding the maximum permissible value. 110. What are the advantages of star delta starter? a) Cheaper than the auto-transformer starter b) Simple arrangement c) Commonly employed for both small and medium size motors Page 15

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111. What is the function of Over Load Release present in the starter? If there is any overload conditions, then the motor will draw large current. This large current will flow through the over load release coil. Due to this, the electromagnet gets energized and pulls the iron piece upward which short circuits the coils of the hold on electromagnet. The hold on electromagnet gets de-energized and therefore the starter arm returns to the off position, thus protecting the motor against overload. 112. What is the function of No-Load release present in the starter? If there is no load or low load, the speed of DC series motor will be dangerously high. During this condition, no load release makes the control arm to return to OFF position and prevent the motor from over speeding. 113. Draw the torque slip characteristics of an Induction motor.

PART-B UNIT-1 1. Explain the factors governing the selection of motors. (16) 2. Discuss in detail the determination of power rating of motors. (16) 3. (i) Explain the different types of loading of drives. (8) (ii) Explain the choice of selection of the motor for different loads. (8) 4. (i) Describe the simplifications based on which the heating and cooling calculations of an electric motor are made. (3)
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(ii) Establish the heating time constant and the heating curves. (13) 5. (i) Compare the D.C and A.C drives. (6) (ii) Write a brief note on classes of duty for an electric motor. (10) 6. Draw the typical temperature rise-time curve and derive the equation for temperature rise in an electric drive. (16) 7. Explain the loading of an electric motor and its duty cycle with a simple diagram. (16) 8. Explain in detail about the various types of electric drives. (16) 9. A 100 kW motor, having rated temperature rise of 60C, has full-load efficiency of 80% and the maximum efficiency occurs at 85% full load. It has thermal time constants of 80 minutes and 65 minutes. It is cyclically loaded, 120% of full load for one hour and 50% of full load for the next hour. Find the temperature rise after 3 hours. (16) 10. The thermal time constant and final steady temperature of a motor on continuous running is 30 minutes and 60C. Find out the temperature. i) After 15 minutes at this load. ii) After 1 hour at this load. iii) If temperature rise at 1 hour rating is 60C, find the maximum steady temperature. iv) What will be the time required to increase the temperature from 40C to 60C at 1 hour rating. (16) UNIT-2 1. (i) List out the advantages and disadvantages of electrical braking over mechanical braking. (8) (ii) Discuss any one method of electrical braking of DC Machines. (8) 2. Explain the Speed-Torque characteristics of three phase induction motor with neat diagrams. (16) 3. Explain about the speed-torque characteristics of a DC Shunt Motor with suitable graph and equations. (16) 4. Explain about the quadrantal diagram of speed-torque characteristics for a motor driving hoist load. (16) 5. Explain how an induction motor is brought to stop by (i) Plugging and (ii) dynamic braking. (16) 6. Explain the various methods of braking of induction motors. (16) 7. Draw and explain various load characteristics of DC Shunt Motor. (16) 8. Explain Rheostat braking in DC Series Motor and Plugging in DC Shunt Motor. (16) 9. Explain various methods of braking of DC Shunt Motors with neat
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diagrams. (16) 10. Explain Various methods of braking of DC Series Motors with neat diagrams. (16) 11. (i) Explain the speed torque curve of single phase induction motors in detail. (8) (ii) Explain the method of regenerative braking employed in DC Motors.(8) 12. Explain about the speed-torque characteristics of a DC Compound Motor with suitable graph and equations. (16) 13. A 220V shunt Motor has an armature resistance of 0.062 and with full field has an emf of 215V at a speed of 960 rpm, the motor is driving an overhauling load with a torque of 172 Nm. Calculate the minimum speed at which the motor can hold the load by means of regenerative braking. UNIT-3 1. Draw a neat schematic diagram of a three point starter and explain its working. (16) 2. Draw a neat schematic diagram of a four point starter and explain its working. (16) 3. Explain with neat circuit diagram, the star-delta starter method of starting squirrel cage induction motor. (16) 4. Explain the typical control circuits for DC Series and Shunt motors (16) 5. Explain the different starting methods of three phase squirrel cage induction motors with neat sketches. (16) 6. Explain different methods of starting of DC Motors. (16) 7. Explain with neat diagram the starting of three phase slip ring induction motor. (16) 8. Draw and explain the push-button operated direct-on line starter for three phase induction motor. (16) 9. Draw and explain the manual auto-transformer starter for three phase induction motor. (16) UNIT-4 1. Explain with neat sketch the chopper control method of speed control of DC Motors. (16) 2. Explain with neat sketches about the DC Shunt Motor speed control by using single phase fully controlled bridge converter. (16) 3. Discuss the Ward-Leonard speed control system with a neat circuit diagram. Also mention its advantages and disadvantages. (16) 4. Explain how the speed of a DC Shunt Motor can be varied both above and below the speed at which it runs with full field current. (16)
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5. (i) Explain with neat sketch the operation of chopper fed DC Series Motor drive. Also, derive the expression for average motor current. (10) (ii) Explain Time ratio control and Current limit control. (6) 6. Explain the speed control schemes of DC Series Motor. (16) 7. Explain the different methods of speed control employed in DC Shunt Motor. (16) 8. Explain the control of DC drives using rectifiers and choppers. (16) 9. Explain the single phase half wave converter drive speed control for DC drive with waveforms. (16) 10. Explain in detail the single phase semi-converter speed control for DC drive for separately excited motor. (16) 11. A 500V series motor having armature resistance and field resistance of 0.2 and 0.3 respectively runs at 500 rpm when taking 70A. Assuming unsaturated field, find out its speed when field diverter of 0.684 is used constant load torque. (16) 12. A 250V DC Series Motor takes 40A of current when developing a full load torque at 1500 rpm. Its resistance is 0.5 . If the load torque varies as the square of the speed determine the resistance to be connected in series with the armature to reduce the speed to 122 rpm. Assume the flux is proportional to the field current.(16) UNIT-5 1.Draw the power circuit arrangement of three phase variable Frequency inverter for the speed control of three phase induction motor and explain its working. (16) 2. Explain the V/f control method of AC drive with neat sketches. (16) 3. Discuss the speed control of AC motors by using three phase AC Voltage regulators. (16) 4. Explain the speed control schemes of phase wound induction motors. (16) 5. Explain the concatenation operation of three phase induction motors.Hence derive the speed experienced for the cascaded set. 6. Explain in detail about Slip power recovery scheme. (16) 7. Explain the different methods of speed control used in three phase induction motors. (16) 8. Explain the working of following methods with neat circuit diagram. i) Kramer system ii) Scherbius system (16) 9. Explain in detail rotor resistance method of speed control of a slip Ring induction motor. (16)
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10. (i) Explain the operation of Pole changing method of speed control. (8) (ii) Explain the pole amplitude modulation method. (8) 11. Explain the static Kramer method and static scherbius method of Speed control of three phase induction motor. (16) 12. Explain in detail about the various methods of solid state speed Control techniques by using inverters. (16) 13. Explain the solid state stator voltage control technique for the Speed control of three phase induction motor. (16) 14. Explain the various methods of speed control of a three phase Induction motor when fed through semiconductor devices. (16)
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