Mt s nguyn tc trong pht m ting anh

1. Quy tc pht m cn bn luyn tp, ti thnh tht khuyn bn ng trc gng v nhn cch m v khp ming xc nh xem mnh pht m c ng hay khng. - Nguyn m (vowels): li nm gia khoang ming, v khng chm vo bt c b phn no trong ming. - Ph m (consonants): 3 nhm + mi (lips): pht m, 2 mi phi chm nhau, v d "M", "B", "P"; hoc mi phi chm rng, v d "V", "F". + sau rng (behind the teeth): li chm phn sau ca hm trn, v d "N", "L", "D",... + hng (throat): m i t cung hng (khi pht m phi cm thy cung hng rung), v d "H", "K",... Ngoi ra, ph m cn c chia lm 2 nhm sau: - V thanh (voiceless), hay m c gi: nu bn bn tay trc ming khi pht m, bn s cm thy c gi i ra. - Hu thanh (voiced), hay m khng gi. Tt c nguyn m u l m khng gi. Mt trong nhng "ng dng" quan trng ca cch phn loi ny l pht m danh t s nhiu hoc ng t th hin ti ca ngi th 3 s t, v pht m ng t c quy tc c chia th qu kh. Ch c 8 ph m c gi, theo th t, bn c th nh bng cu "thong t pha kia sao chi sng png" (trong ting Vit, ch "P" khng kt hp vi nguyn m to t, nn bn chu kh c tri mt cht). V nguyn tc, tt c nhng ng t quy tc tn cng bng ph m c gi, khi chuyn sang th qu kh, "ED" c pht m l "T", v d stopped (/t/); m khng gi, pht m l "D", v d lived (/d/).

"S" hoc "ES", c thm vo danh t hoc ng t ngi th 3 s t, c pht m l "S" i vi t tn cng bng m gi, v d thinks (/s/); ngc li, m khng gi, pht m l "Z", v d loves (/z/). Tuy nhin, bn lu 2 trng hp highlight trong bng tm tt. Khi thm "ED" vo ng t tn cng bng m "T" hay "D", bn phi pht m thnh /id/, v d wanted. "S" hoc "ES" sau khi thm vo nhng 2. Quy tc ni m (liaisons) y l mt phn tng i kh i vi ngi chu , v hu ht cc ngn ng chu u khng ni m. V d bn c "cm n", ch khng c "cm mn", c l "im ng", ch khng phi "im mng",... V theo thi quen, khi c ting Anh, bn cng s khng ni m. V vy, bn phi luyn tp rt nhiu c phn x ny. 2.1. Ph m ng trc nguyn m V nguyn tc, khi c mt ph m ng trc mt nguyn m, bn c ni ph m vi nguyn m. V d "mark up", bn c lin ch khng tch ri 2 t (/ma:k k p/*). Tuy nhin, iu ny khng phi d, nht l i vi nhng t tn cng bng nguyn m khng c pht m, v d: "leave (it)" c l /li:v vit/; "Middle (East)", /midl li:st/,... Hoc i vi nhng cm t vit tt, v d "LA" (Los Angeles) bn phi c l /el lei/; "MA" (Master of Arts), /em mei/... Lu , khi mt ph m c gi ng trc nguyn m, trc khi bn ni vi nguyn m, bn phi chuyn ph m sang ph m khng gi tng ng. V d "laugh" c pht m l /f/ tn cng, nhng nu bn dng trong mt cm t, v d "laugh at someone", bn phi chuyn m /f/ thnh /v/ v c l /la:v vt/. 2.2. Nguyn m ng trc nguyn m iu ny c th rt mi m vi nhiu ngi. V nguyn tc, bn s thm mt ph m vo gia 2 nguyn m ni. C 2 quy tc thm ph m nh sau: - i vi nguyn m trn mi (khi pht m, mi bn nhn ging hnh ch

"O"), v d: "OU", "U", "AU",... bn cn thm ph m "W" vo gia. V d "do it" s c c l /du: wit/. - i vi nguyn m di mi (khi pht m, mi bn ko di sang 2 bn), v d: "E", "I", "EI",... bn thm ph m "Y" vo gia. V d "I ask" s c c l /ai ya:sk/. Bn th p dng 2 quy tc ny pht m: USA /ju wes sei/, VOA /vi you wei/, XO /eks sou/,... 2.3. Ph m ng trc ph m V nguyn tc, khi c 2 hay nhiu hn ph m cng nhm ng gn nhau, th ch c 1 ph m m thi. V d "want to" (bao gm 3 ph m N, T, T cng nhm sau rng ng gn nhau) s c c l /won n/*. 2.4. Cc trng hp c bit - Ch U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci T, phi c pht m l /t/, vd. not yet /'not tet/*; picture /'pikt/. - Ch ci U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci D, phi c pht m l /dj/, vd. education /edju:'kein/. - Ph m T, nm gia 2 nguyn m v khng l trng m, phi c pht m l /D/, vd. trong t tomato /tou'meidou/; trong cu I go to school /ai gou d sku:l/. Cc quy tc pht m ting anh i vi ng t c quy tc ( regular vebrs ) - C 3 cch pht m chnh /t/ : nhng t c tn cng : f , s , sh , ch , p , x , v nhng ng t c t pht m cui l " s" Ex: liked , stopped .... /id/ :nhng t c tn cng l : t, d Ex : needed , wanted .... /d/ : nhng trng hp cn li Ex: lived , studied .....

i vi N(danh t) s nhiu c 3 trng hp /s/ : sau cc t c tn cng l ph m khng rung : f , k , p , th ,.... Ex: roofs , books ,..... /z/ : sau cc nguyn m , ph m rung : b , g , n , d , ... Ex: dogs, tables..... /iz/ : sau cc m c ting gi : s, z , dz , tz ..... Ex : pages , watches ...

S ng ho (Assimilation)
S ng ho l mt trong nhng vn kh trong vic pht m ting anh. Tm hiu v
thc hnh n l mt trong nhng k nng rt kh. Chnh v th trong phn ny, Mo xin gii thiu vi cc bn nhng m c ng ho thng gp trong ting anh

1. m / t / chuyn thnh / p / trc / m / / b / or / p / basket maker best man cat burglar cigarette paper circuit board coconut butter court martial direct method dust bowl fast motion first base flight plan foot brake front bench front man fruit machine <ST1:COUNTRYREGIoN w:st="on">Great mixed bag mixed blessing mixed marriage mixed metaphor pocket money post mortem pot plant private property put back put by right pair secret police set point set back set piece sheet metal sit back

Britain</ST1:COUNTRY

-REGIoN> harvest moon hatchet man hit man hot metal hot money last post
Left Bank

soft porn split pea split personality street piano sweet basil sweet pea sweet pepper sweet potato test ban test match test paper that man unit price wet blanket white bag white birch white meat white paper

light bulb light music light meter light middleweight market price midnight blue mint bush private bill private member private patient private parts private practice

2. m / d / chuyn thnh / b / trc / m / / b / or / p / bad pain good cook

blood bank blood bath blood brother blood poisoning blood pressure blood pudding broad bean card punch closed book command module command post custard pie custard powder dead beat food poisoning food processor gold plate gold medal gold mine good man

good morning grand master ground plan head boy hold back lord mayor mud bath mud pie Old Bailey old boy old man old maid old moon
Oxford blue

red bag second mate sound barrier stand by united party word blindness

3. m / n / chuyn thnh / m / trc / m / / b / or / p /

action planning American plan brown paper brown bear chicken breast Common Market con man cotton belt cotton picker down payment fan belt fan mail Foreign minister Foreign mission garden party green belt green bean hen party human being in blue iron maiden (to be continued)

iron man on me one pair open book open market open prison pen pal pin money queen bee queen mother question mark roman mile sun bath sun blind tin plate town planning venetian blind virgin birth wine box wine bar

4. m / t / chuyn thnh / k / trc / k / or /g/ cigarette card credit card cut glass fat girl first class flat cap short cut smart card street credibility street cry that cake

5. m / d / chuyn thnh / g / trc / k / or / g / bad girl bird call closed game cold call cold cream field glasses good cook
Grand Canyon

hard cash hard copy hard core hard court highland cattle red carpet sand castle second class second coming second cousin slide guitar

ground control ground cover had come had gone

6. m / n / chuyn thnh // trc / k / or / g / action group common good common ground garden cress golden gate golden goose human capital in camera iron curtain (to be continued) 7. m / s / chuyn thnh // trc // hoc / j / c theo sau bi open court roman calendar roman candle roman catholic tin can tone control town clerk town crier

mt nguyn m trn mi
bus shelter dress shop nice shoes 8. m / z / chuyn thnh // trc // hoc / j / c theo sau bi nice yacht space shuttle

mt nguyn m trn mi.

cheese shop rose show these sheep 9. m // chuyn thnh / s / trc / s / where's yours?

bath salts bath seat birth certificate both sexes both sides

earth science fifth set fourth season fourth summer north-south divide