LTE-Advanced

yw.yun@lge.com LG

Contents

Generals on LTE-Advanced Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies More details on LTE-Advanced Component Technologies

LTE-Advanced

LTE-Advanced : Generals
Definition of LTE-Advanced Major milestones for LTE-Advanced Requirements and targets for LTE-Advanced Current status of LTE-Advanced Self Evaluation Results Bands identified for IMT-Advanced

3GPP specification releases

Cited

from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements

Release 99

W-CDMA 1.28Mcps TDD HSDPA, IMS

Release 6

Release 4

Release 5

HSUPA, MBMS, IMS+

Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)

ITU-R M.1457 IMT-2000 Recommendations

Release 8

LTE, SAE
Release 9
Small LTE/SAE enhancements

LTE-Advanced

Release 10 LTE-Advanced

Definitions

What is IMT-Advanced?
A family of radio access technologies fulfilling IMT-Advanced requirements Relates to 4G as IMT-2000 relates to 3G IMT spectrum will be available to both IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced

What is LTE-Advanced?
System now under study in 3GPP aiming toward IMT-Advanced within WP5D time line Formal name: Advanced E-UTRA /Advanced E-UTRAN Evolution from 3GPP LTE specifications, not a revolution

Comparable potential of 3GPP LTE with target requirements of IMT-advanced Fast and efficient correspondence against the timeline of WP5Ds specification and commercialization for IMT-advanced Cost-efficient support for backward and forward compatibility between LTE and LTE-A Natural evolution of LTE (LTE release 10 & beyond)

LTE-Advanced

Detailed Timeline for ITU-R

Detailed Timelines for ITU-R Steps 1- 4
RAN #39 RAN #40 RAN #41 RAN #42 RAN #43 RAN #44 RAN #45 RAN #46 RAN #47

3/08 3GPP
LTE-Advanced SI Approved

6/08

9/08

12/08

3/09 5/09

9/09

12/09

3/10

3GPP work on ITU-R Step 2 Technology Development

LTE-Advanced Specifications
LTE-Advanced Specifications to ITU-R ~ Jan 2011
[~Release 10 ] [~RAN #50 12/10]

3GPP LTE3GPP LTEAdvanced Advanced Complete Early Technical Submission to Submission to ITU-R 3GPP work on ITU-R Step 3 ITU-R
Technology Submission

Initiate 3GPP LTEAdvanced Self-Evaluation IMT-Advanced Evaluation Group(s) Formed (notify ITU-R)

3GPP LTEAdvanced Final Submission to ITU-R including Updated Technical Submission & Required SelfEvaluation

3GPP Q&A with evaluation groups (as required)

INDUSTRY

Evaluation of ITU-R Submissions

WP 5D #1

WP 5D #2

WP 5D #3

ITU-R 3/08
ITU-R Circular Letter 5/LCCE/2 Process & Timelines

6/08
ITU-R Circular Letter Addendum 5/LCCE/2 + Requirements & Submission Templates

10/08

Steps 1 & 2 Circular Letter & Development of Candidate RITs 3/08 to 10/09 Step 3 Submission 3/09 to 10/09
WP 5D #4 WP 5D #5

WP 5D #6

10/09
Eval Reports
WP 5D #6

ITU-R Evaluation Criteria

3/09
WP 5D #4

6/09

10/09
Step 4 Evaluations 1/09 to 6/10

3/09
5
Source: RP-080651

Cutoff for Evaluation Reports to ITU-R June 2010

6/10
WP 5D #8

LTE-Advanced

IMT-Advanced Process
WP 5D meetings

2008
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 Step1 and 2 (20 months)

2009
No.5 No.6 No.7

2010
No.8 No.9

2011
No.10

(0)

Step 3 (8 months)

(1)
Step 4 (16 months) Steps 5,6 and 7 (20 months)

(2) (3)
Steps 8 (12 months)

(4)

Steps in radio interface development process:

Step 1: Issuance of the circular letter Step 2: Development of candidate RITs and SRITs Step 3: Submission/Reception of the RIT and SRIT proposals and acknowledgement of receipt Step 4: Evaluation of candidate RITs and SRITs by evaluation groups (0): Issue an invitation to propose RITs (1): ITU proposed cut off for submission of candidate RIT and SRIT proposals March 2008 October 2009 Step 5: Review and coordination of outside evaluation activities Step 6: Review to assess compliance with minimum requirements Step 7: Consideration of evaluation results, consensus building and decision Step 8: Development of radio interface Recommendation(s)

Critical milestones in radio interface development process:

(2): Cut off for evaluation report to ITU June 2010 (3): WP 5D decides framework and key October 2010 characteristics of IMT-Advanced RITs and SRITs (4): WP 5D completes development of radio February 2011 interface specification Recommendations
IMT-Advanced A2-01

LTE-Advanced

Major Milestones for LTE-Advanced

Major milestones for LTE-Advanced in 3GPP

1st workshop in November 2007 Cancun Approval of LTE-Advanced study item: Rapporteur: NTT DoCoMo 2nd workshop in April 2008 Shenzhen 3rd workshop in May 2008 Prague Approval of LTE-A requirement TR: TR 36.913 v8.0.0 approved in RAN#40 in May Early proposal to ITU-R WP5D in October 2008 Complete submission to ITU-R in June 2009 (WP5D #5) Approval for RAN TR (TR 36.912) for ITU-R submission in September, 2009 Final proposal update to ITU-R in October 2009 (WP5D #6) Study item completion in March 2010

LTE-Advanced function block work items started in December, 2009, irrespective of completion for LTE-Advanced study item Functional freezing will be done at the same time in December next year

Initial approval of LTE-A (Rel-10 specification) will be done in December, 2010

ASN.1 freezing is expected to be done in March or June 2011

Standard Roadmap

2009
Complete Tech Final Submission Proposals Evaluation Consensus

2010

2011

2012

ITU-R WP5D

Specification

3GPP LTE-A

LTE Rel.9 LTE-A SI

LTE Rel.10

[LTE Rel.11]

[LTE Rel.12] Beyond LTE-A SI

LTE-A Functional Work Items

LTE-Advanced

Agreed upon Time Plan for Rel-10

12.09 3.10 6.10 9.10 12.10 3.11 6.11

#46

#47

#48

#49

#50

#51

#52

RAN1 has to complete their specification by Sept. 10 (only 9 month)

Expected Functional freeze In RAN1

RAN2/3/4 have to their specification by Dec. 10 (only 12 month) reflecting RAN1 agreements
LTE-Advanced

Core spec completeFunctional freeze

ASN.1 freeze

Documents Related to LTE-Advanced

TR (Technical Report)
TR

36.806
Technical report for relay architecture

TR

36.814 (RAN1 technical report)

Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further advancements for E-UTRA Physical layer aspects

TR

36.815
LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4

TR

36.912 (RAN technical report)

Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTEAdvanced)

TR

36.913
Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)

LTE-Advanced

RAN TR for LTE-Advanced

TR 36.912: RAN plenary TR for LTE-Advanced study item

RP-090743: TR36.912 v9.0.0 Approved in RAN #45 Will be submitted to ITU-R after PCG approval

Contents
Scope References 3. Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 4. Introduction 5. Support of wider bandwidth 6. Uplink transmission scheme 7. Downlink transmission scheme 8. CoMP 9. Relaying 10. Improvement for latency 11. Radio transmission and reception 12. Mobility enhancements 13. TS 36.133 requirements enhancements 14. MBMS enhancements 15. SON enhancements 16. Self-evaluation report on LTE Rel.10 & beyond (LTE-Advanced) Annexs
1. 2.

LTE-Advanced

Requirements for LTE-Advanced [1]

General requirement
LTE-Advanced

is an evolution of LTE LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements within the ITU-R time plan Extended LTE-Advanced targets are adopted
LTE-Advanced targets IMT-Advanced requirements and time plan

System Performance

Rel. 8 LTE

Time

Cited

from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond

LTE-Advanced

Requirements for LTE-Advanced [2]

Comparison between IMT-Advanced and LTE-Advanced

LTE-Advanced should at least fulfill or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements

ITU Requirement Peak data rates Bandwidth 40MHz (scalable BW) 10ms 100ms 15bps/Hz in DL 6.75bps/Hz in UL 3GPP Requirement 1Gbps in DL 500Mbps in UL Up to 100MHz Improved compared to LTE Active Active dormant(<10ms) Camped Active (<50ms) 30bps/Hz in DL 15bps/Hz in UL

User plane latency Control plane latency Peak spectrum efficiency Average spectrum efficiency Cell edge spectrum effciency VoIP capacity

Set for four scenarios and several antenna configurations See next slide for case 1 requirement Up to200 UEs per 5MHz Improved compared to LTE

LTE-Advanced

Requirements for LTE-Advanced [3]

System performance requirements for IMT-Advanced

ITU system performance requirement Enviromnet DL (4x2 MIMO) UL (2x4 MIMO) DL (4x2 MIMO) UL (2x4 MIMO) Indoor 3 2.25 0.1 0.07 Micro-cell 2.6 1.8 0.075 0.05 Base coverage Urban 2.2 1.4 0.06 0.03 Rural/ High speed 1.1 0.7 0.04 0.015

Spectrum Efficiency

Cell Edge Spectrum Efficiency

LTE-Advanced

Requirements for LTE-Advanced [4]

System Performance Requirements from TR 36.913

Peak Spectral Efficiency:

DL 30bits/Hz (8x8 MIMO), UL 15bps/Hz (4x4 MIMO)

Seem to be easily achievable by means of extended utilization of # of antennas

Average Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Edge Spectral Efficiency for LTE Case-1

System performances of LTE Rel-8 are about 30% ~ 70% lower than 3GPP target

What would be key enabling technologies to fill up the gap between two?

Case-1 Ant. Config UL 1x2 2x4 2x2 DL 4x2 4x4

LTE Cell Avg. SE [bps/Hz/cell] (3GPP R1-072580) 0.735 1.69 1.87 2.67

LTE-ADV Cell Avg. SE [bps/Hz/cell] (3GPP TR36.913) 1.2 2.0 2.4 2.6 3.7

LTE Cell Edge SE [bps/Hz/user] (3GPP R1-072580) 0.024 0.05 0.06 0.08

LTE-ADV Cell Edge SE [bps/Hz/user] (3GPP TR36.913) 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.12

LTE-Advanced

Frequency Bands Identified for LTE-A

WRC 07 identified some new IMT spectrum that is now under band planning There should be either a clear FDD band plan or TDD band plan
Existing IMT identified New Global
5150 450 470 300 400 500 600 698 700 790 806 800

New Region 2 New for IMT in some countries of Regions 1 & 3

100

200

890915 925 960 900 1000

1710 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

2025 2000

2110 2170 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600

2690 2700 2800 2900

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

3900

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

IMT bands can be used by all IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced technologies

LTE-Advanced

Current Status of LTE-Advanced

Status related to IMT-Advanced submission

Early proposal in October 2008

Main purpose was to inform ITU-R of 3GPPs resolution for IMT-Advanced and provide updated status of LTE-Advanced to ITU-R Initial proposal submission from 3GPP Compliant with the formal form of submissition requested by ITU-R Separate RIT for FDD and TDD Performance results were not included in the submission Final proposal update to ITU-R Self evaluation results for LTE-Advanced were included

Complete technology submission in June 2009

Final submission in October 2009

Status of LTE-Advanced in 3GPP

Study item has been formally completed in last RAN plenary meeting in March Several new work items with respect to LTE-Advanced were created, targetting Rel10 time frame

Carrier aggregation work item: created in December 2009 Enhanced DL MIMO work item: created in December 2009 UL MIMO work item: created in December 2009 Relay work item: created in December 2009 Enhanced ICIC for non-ca based HetNet: created in March 2010

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Activities in 3GPP

RAN1 activities with respect to self evaluations for LTE-Advanced

List of companies who submitted self evaluation results:

Alcatel-Lucent, CATT, CMCC, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, LGE, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, NTT DOCOMO, Panasonic, Qualcomm, RITT, Samsung, Texas Instruments, ZTE Since different companies have somewhat different assumptions on the overhead, the group had to make decision on the common assumption for the overhead so that the results from different companies can be comparable with each other What kinds of features should be prioritized?

How to capture self evaluation results from a lot of companies

LTE-Advanced is based on LTE Rel.8 and it is the long term evolution of LTE, thus It is good to inform that LTE Rel.8 can fulfill the most of requirements without any enhanced techniques. It is also good to inform that only small updates from Rel.8 can fulfill the requirements even in the very tough conditions (UMi and Uma). Thus, Rel-8 performance is captured if it fulfills the requirements. If Rel-8 cannot meet the req. , we should prioritize ones with small extension from Rel-8, i.e.,

DL: Rel-8 > MUMIMO > CS/BF-CoMP and JP-CoMP UL: Rel-8 > MUMIMO, SUMIMO and CoMP

LTE-Advanced

Summary of Self-Evaluation Results

From the self evaluation activities, it was found that

For LTE Release 10,

FDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test environments TDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test environments The complete SRIT meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test environments. LTE release 8 fulfills the requirements in most cases (no extensions needed) Extensions to Multi-user MIMO from Release 8 fulfills the requirements in some scenarios (Urban Macro/Micro DL)

Baseline configuration exceeding ITU-R requirements with minimum extension

More advanced configurations, e.g. CoMP, with further enhanced performance Many (18) companies perticipated in the simulations, ensuring high reliability Self evaluation reports are captured in section 16 of Technical Report TR 36.912

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [1]

Peak spectrum efficiency

DL

peak spectrum efficiency

Scheme ITU requirement Rel-8 4 layer spatial multiplexing 8 layer spatial multiplexing FDD spectral efficiency (bps/Hz) 15 16.3 30.6 TDD spectral efficiency (bps/Hz) 15 16.0 30.0

UL

peak spectrum efficiency

Scheme ITU requirement 2 layer spatial multiplexing 4 layer spatial multiplexing FDD spectral efficiency (bps/Hz) 6.75 8.4 16.8 TDD spectral efficiency (bps/Hz) 6.75 8.1 16.1

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [2]

Indoor Hotspot / downlink / FDD

LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 3 / 0.1 3 / 0.1 Number of samples 15 3 Cell average L=1 4.8 6.6 L=2 4.5 6.1 L=3 4.1 5.5 L=1 0.23 0.26 Cell edge L=2 0.21 0.24 L=3 0.19 0.22

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) MU-MIMO 4X2 (C)

Indoor Hotspot / downlink / TDD

LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 3 / 0.1 3 / 0.1 Number of samples 10 4 Cell average L=1 4.7 6.5 L=2 4.4 6.1 L=3 4.1 5.7 L=1 0.22 0.23 Cell edge L=2 0.20 0.22 L=3 0.19 0.20

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) MU-MIMO 4X2 (C)

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [3]

Indoor Hotspot / uplink / FDD

LTE

Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 Number of samples 13 10 2 5 Cell average 3.3 3.3 5.8 4.3 Cell edge 0.23 0.24 0.42 0.25

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (A) Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) SU-MIMO 2X4 (A)

Indoor Hotspot / uplink / TDD

LTE

Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 2.5 / 0.07 Number of samples 9 7 2 2 Cell average 3.1 3.1 5.5 3.9 Cell edge 0.22 0.23 0.39 0.25 Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (A) Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C)

Scheme and antenna conf.

Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) SU-MIMO 2X4 (A)

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [4]

Urban Micro/downlink/FDD:Single cell MU-MIMO meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 4X2 (A) CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 Number of samples 8 3 5 1 4 Cell average L=1 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.5 4.2 L=2 3.2 3.1 3.3 4.1 3.8 L=3 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.7 3.5 L=1 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.15 Cell edge L=2 0.096 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.14 L=3 0.087 0.099 0.089 0.12 0.13

Urban Micro/downlink/TDD: single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 4X2 (A) CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 2.6 / 0.075 Number of samples 8 1 3 1 4 Cell average L=1 3.4 3.1 3.5 4.5 4.1 L=2 3.2 2.9 3.3 4.2 3.9 L=3 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.9 3.6 L=1 0.10 0.11 0.099 0.098 0.11 Cell edge L=2 0.096 0.10 0.092 0.092 0.11 L=3 0.089 0.095 0.086 0.085 0.10

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [5]

Urban Micro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) MU-MIMO 2X4 (A) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.8 / 0.05 1.8 / 0.05 1.8 / 0.05 Number of samples 13 2 1 Cell average 1.9 2.5 2.5 Cell edge 0.072 0.077 0.086

Urban Micro / uplink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) MU-MIMO 2X4 (A) MU-MIMO 1X8 (E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.8 / 0.05 1.8 / 0.05 1.8 / 0.05 1.8 / 0.05 Number of samples 9 2 1 1 Cell average 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.0 Cell edge 0.070 0.071 0.068 0.079

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [6]

Urban Macro / downlink / FDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf. MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) JP-CoMP 4X2 (A) CS/BF-CoMP 8X2 (C) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 Number of samples 7 6 1 3 Cell average L=1 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.8 L=2 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.5 L=3 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.2 L=1 0.079 0.081 0.080 0.10 Cell edge L=2 0.073 0.074 0.073 0.093 L=3 0.066 0.067 0.066 0.085

Urban Macro / downlink / TDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf. MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) CS/BF-CoMP 8X2 (C/E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 2.2 / 0.06 Number of samples 7 4 1 3 Cell average L=1 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.5 L=2 2.6 2.6 3.3 3.3 L=3 2.4 2.4 3.1 3.1 L=1 0.076 0.082 0.087 0.10 Cell edge L=2 0.071 0.076 0.082 0.093 L=3 0.067 0.071 0.076 0.087

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [7]

Urban Macro / uplink / FDD

LTE

Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.4 / 0.03 1.4 / 0.03 1.4 / 0.03 Number of samples 12 2 1 Cell average 1.5 1.7 2.1 Cell edge 0.062 0.086 0.099

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) CoMP 1X4 (A) CoMP 2X4 (C)

Urban Macro / uplink / TDD

LTE

Rel-8 meets the requirement

ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.4 / 0.03 1.4 / 0.03 1.4 / 0.03 1.4 / 0.03 Number of samples 9 1 1 1 Cell average 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.7 Cell edge 0.062 0.090 0.097 0.076

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) CoMP 1X4 (C) CoMP 2X4 (C) MU-MIMO 1X8 (E)

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [8]

Rural Macro / downlink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 8X2 (C) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 Number of samples 15 14 3 1 Cell average L=1 2.3 2.1 3.9 4.1 L=2 2.1 2.0 3.5 3.7 L=3 1.9 1.8 3.2 3.4 L=1 0.081 0.067 0.11 0.13 Cell edge L=2 0.076 0.063 0.099 0.12 L=3 0.069 0.057 0.090 0.11

Rural Macro / downlink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) Rel-8 single-layer BF 8X2 (E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 1.1 / 0.04 Number of samples 8 7 4 2 4 Cell average L=1 2.0 1.9 3.4 3.9 2.4 L=2 1.9 1.7 3.2 3.6 2.3 L=3 1.8 1.6 3.0 3.4 2.1 L=1 0.072 0.057 0.095 0.11 0.11 Cell edge L=2 0.067 0.053 0.089 0.11 0.10 L=3 0.063 0.049 0.083 0.10 0.093

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [9]

Rural Macro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) CoMP 2X4 (A) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 0.7 / 0.015 0.7 / 0.015 0.7 / 0.015 Number of samples 11 2 2 Cell average 1.8 2.2 2.3 Cell edge 0.082 0.097 0.13

Rural Macro / uplink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement

Scheme and antenna conf. Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) CoMP 2X4 (A) MU-MIMO 1X8 (E) ITU requirement (Ave./Edge) 0.7 / 0.015 0.7 / 0.015 0.7 / 0.015 0.7 / 0.015 Number of samples 8 2 1 1 Cell average 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.6 Cell edge 0.080 0.093 0.15 0.10

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [10]

VoIP capacity: Rel-8 LTE meets all the requirements

FDD TDD Scenarios ITU requirement

Antenna conf.

Number of samples 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Capacity (user/MHz/cell) 140 80 68 91 131 75 69 94

Number of samples 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

Capacity (user/MHz/cell) 137 74 65 86 130 74 67 92

Indoor Hotspot (A) Urban Micro Urban Macro Rural Macro Indoor Hotspot Urban Micro (C) Urban Macro Rural Macro

50 40 40 30 50 40 40 30

LTE-Advanced

Self-Evaluation Results [11]

Mobility Traffic Channel Link Data Rates

Rel-8

LTE can meet all the requirements

FDD TDD UL spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz) 2.63 1.14 0.95 1.03 3.11 1.48 1.36 1.38 ITU requirement Median SINR (dB)

LOS/ NLOS

Scenarios

Number of samples

UL spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz) 2.56 1.21 1.08 1.22 3.15 1.42 1.36 1.45

Number of samples

Indoor Hotspot Antenna conf. 1X4, NLOS Urban Micro Urban Macro Rural Macro Indoor Hotspot Antenna conf. 1X4, LOS Urban Micro Urban Macro Rural Macro

1.0 0.75 0.55 0.25 1.0 0.75 0.55 0.25

13.89 4.54 4.30 5.42 13.89 4.54 4.30 5.42

7 7 7 7 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2

LTE-Advanced

Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies

Outlining of candidate technologies for LTE-Advanced LTE enhancement areas for LTE-Advanced Emerging technology areas for LTE-Advanced

Outline of Candidate Technologies for LTE-A

Emerging technologies for LTE-Advanced

Multi-hop transmission (relay) Multi-cell cooperation (CoMP: Cooperative Multipoint Tx/Rx) Heterogeneous cell overlay Self-organizing network

Enhancements from LTE Rel-8/9

Bandwidth/spectrum aggregation

Contiguous and non-contiguous Control channel design for UL/DL Extended utilization of antennas (increasing the number of layers) UL SU-MIMO Enhanced UL/DL MU-MIMO Clustered SC-FDMA in addition to SC-FDMA

MIMO enhancement

Hybrid multiple access scheme for UL

DL/UL Inter-cell Interference Management

LTE-Advanced

LTE Enhancement Areas for LTE-Advanced

Spectrum Aggregation Advanced MIMO
High-order MIMO UL SU-MIMO

Enhanced DL/UL MU-MIMO

FFR & Power Control

Power Spectral Density

UL Hybrid Multiple Access

: mapping to a RB

Sector 1

D Frequency

Cluster

Sector 2

Modulation symbols

S/P DFT

IFFT P/S

Time Domain signal

Sector 3

A Reuse 1

B Reuse 1/3

LTE-Advanced

Emerging Technologies for LTE-Advaced

Multihop Transmission (Relay) Multi-cell Cooperation (Collaborative MIMO)

Self Organizing Network (SON)

Heterogeneous Cell Overlay

Mobile Core Network
Femto-cell Controller

Macro eNB

X2

Pico eNB

Relay eNB

Femto eNB

Interne t

LTE-Advanced

LTE-Advanced Improvements

A schematic view on LTE-Advanced improvements

LTE-Advanced Data rate Higher Order MIMO LTE CoMP Coverage Extension HeNB/Relay Spectrum Aggregation

CoMP

eNodeB

SON

LTE-Advanced

Spectrum and Carrier Aggregation

Motivation

Higher data rate support in wider bandwidth

LTE-Advanced should extend up to 100MHz Aggregation of muliple component carriers into overall wider bandwidth Each component carrier can appear as LTE carrier to LTE UE

Backward compatible co-existence with LTE and LTE-A in IMT carrier bands

Two types of aggregation

Case 1: Contiguous BW aggregation Aggregated allocation of contiguous carrier BWs Need of further clarification for feasibility of contiguous BW allocation up to 100MHz

Case 2: Non-contiguous BW aggregation Aggregated allocation of separated carrier BWs Need of further clarification for spectrum range of BW aggregation

Contiguos carrier aggregaion in a same frequency band

Maybe difficult to find out frequency bands where maximum of 200MHz (FDD) can be allocated in contiguos manner Possibility for wider total bandwidth without correspondingly wider contiguous spectum Feasibility, complexity and cost analysis should be done in RAN4 WG

Non-contiguous carrier aggregation in different frequency band

LTE-Advanced

36

MIMO Enhancement for LTE-Advanced

DL MIMO enhancements

Design issues

8 Tx antennas

RS structure to support 8 Tx antennas

DM RS CSI RS

# of codewords Codebook design Tx diversity in case of 8 Tx antennas

MU-MIMO enhancement scheme

UL MIMO enhancements

Design issues

UL SU-MIMO transmission

Up to 4Tx antenna Reference signal design Number of codewords

Tx diversity UL MU-MIMO enhancement

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Multiple Access

Motivation

Problems of SC-FDMA

PAPR/CM gain is not so crucial for UE without power limitation problem Restricted flexibility due to singlecarrier property in scheduling and control channel design

: mapping to a RB

However, low PAPR/CM of SCFDMA at power-limited situation is still very important

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk A

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

Uplink Hybrid Multiple Access of Clustered SC-FDMA and SCFDMA

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk B

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

Clustered SC-FDMA transmission for more flexible scheduling

Non-contiguous resource allocation should also be supported for PUSCH transmission from UE with sufficient amount of power headroom both in absence and presence of spatial multiplexing

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk C

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

SC-FDMA transmission for power-limited UEs

Support of low PAPR/CM property

LTE-Advanced

Relay [1]

Several types of data transmission between eNB and Out of focus in LTE-Advanced study UE
Conventional UE-eNB Tx/Rx
Conventional single-hop Tx/Rx between UE
and eNB as a basic connection scheme

UE Relaying

Direct inter-UE connectivity

Autonomous ad-hoc network configuration and management Support of emergency call status

eNB

Wireless link connection

Relay Node Relay Node

Relay Node Tx/Rx

Remote relay node Tx/Rx
Coverage extension and throughput enhancement

Main focus in LTE-Advanced study LTE-Advanced

Relay [2]

Exemplary use case for relay

LTE-Advanced

CoMP [1]

CoMP stands for coordinated multipoint transmission CoMP in Rel-10 time frame
Agreed not to pursue standardized CoMP solution at least during Rel-10 time frame However, new study item for CoMP was created during last RAN plenary meeting in March

LTE-Advanced

CoMP [2]

CoMP categories under consideration

Joint Processing

Data is available at each point in CoMP cooperating set Joint Transmission Dynamic Cell Selection

Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB)

Data is only available at serving cell

LTE-Advanced

CoMP [3]

Joint Transmission
Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMP cooperating set) at a time

Coherently or non-coherently

To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interference for other UEs CoMP transmission point from a single point

Dynamic Cell Selection

Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set.

Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)

Data is only available at serving cell User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordination among the CoMP cooperating set. CoMP transmission point : serving cell

LTE-Advanced

More Details on LTE-Advanced Component Technologies

Spectrum and carrier aggregation Relay Enhanced DL MIMO UL MIMO CoMP

Spectrum and carrier aggregation

Overview Carrier Types MAC-PHY interface Uplink Multiple Access Uplink Control Channel Downlink Control Channel UL Power control

Overview [1]

Carrier aggregation
Support

wider bandwidth Two or more component carriers Up to 100MHz and for spectrum aggregation Each component carrier limited to a maximum of 110 RBs Using Rel8 numerology

Carrier aggregation type

Contiguous Non-contiguous

LTE/MIMO LTE-Advanced

46

Overview [2]

Concept of carrier aggregation

Contiguous component carrier
LTE bandwidth

Frequency

Non-contiguous component carrier

Aggregated bandwidth Frequency LTE-Advanced

Overview [3]

Deployment scenarios in RAN4

Intraband

contiguous CA

Originally, intraband contiguous CA scenario was proposed only for TDD, but it was agreed also for FDD afterwards for the sole reason of satisfying ITU-R requirement
Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band Channel BW MHz [TBD] [TBD] UE receive / BS transmit FDL_low (MHz) FDL_high (MHz) 2300 2110 2400 2170 Channel BW MHz [TBD] [TBD] Duple x mode TDD FDD

E-UTRA CA Band CA_40 CA_1

E-UTRA operating Band 40 1

UE transmit / BS receive FUL_low (MHz) FUL_high (MHz) 2300 1920 2400 1980

LTE-Advanced

Overview [4]
Interband
E-UTRA CA Band E-UTRA operating Band 1 5

non-contiguous CA
Uplink (UL) band UE transmit / BS receive Channel BW MHz [TBD] [TBD] Downlink (DL) band UE receive / BS transmit FDL_low (MHz) FDL_high (MHz) 2110 869 2170 894 Channel BW MHz [TBD] [TBD] Duple x mode

FUL_low (MHz) FUL_high (MHz) 1920 824 1980 849

CA_1-5

FDD

TBD

bandwidth will be finally decided after having RAN4 discussion

LTE-Advanced

Overview [5]

UE capability regarding carrier aggregation

LTE-A UE

Simultaneous transmission/reception on multiple component carrier Depends on the transmission/reception capability Transmission on a single component carrier only

Rel8 UE

Characteristics of component carrier

It shall be possible to configure all component carriers LTE Release 8 compatible at least when the aggregated numbers of component carriers in the UL and the DL are same Consideration of non-backward-compatible configurations of LTE-A component carriers is not precluded (CC only for LTE-A) CC, e.g., 20 MHz

System bandwidth, e.g., 100 MHz UE capabilities

100-MHz case 40-MHz case 20-MHz case (Rel. 8 LTE)

Frequency

LTE-Advanced

Carrier Types

Backward compatible carrier

A

carrier accessible to UEs of all existing LTE releases Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) or as a part of carrier aggregation For FDD, backwards compatible carriers always occur in pairs, i.e. DL and UL

Non-backward compatible carrier

A

carrier not accessible to UEs of earlier LTE releases Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) from the duplex distance Otherwise, as a part of carrier aggregation

LTE-Advanced

MAC-PHY Interface

From a UE perspective

There is one transport block (in absence of spatial multiplexing) One hybrid-ARQ entity per scheduled component carrier.

Each transport block is mapped to a single component carrier A UE may be scheduled over multiple component carriers simultaneously.
transport block Channel coding Modulation RB mapping
Component carrier 1

transport block Channel coding Modulation RB mapping

Component carrier 2

20MHz

20MHz

One UE

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Multiple Access

SC-FDMA for PUSCH

One

DFT per component carrier Supported for spatial multiplexing

: mapping to a RB

Resource allocation
Frequency-contiguous Frequency-non-contiguous

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk A

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk B

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

Modulation Symbols for TrBlk C

DFT
ClusteredDFTsOFDM

S/P RE mapping

IFFT P/S

Time-domain signal

Uplink multiplexing of L1/L2 control signalling and data

Control signalling is transmitted on PUCCH simultaneously with data on PUSCH Control signalling is multiplexed with data on PUSCH according to the same principle as in Rel-8

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Control Channel

PUCCH design

Rel10 design supports up to 5 DL CC

Consider extendability to larger number of DL CC in the future

All ACK/NACK for a UE can be transmitted on PUCCH in absence of PUSCH transmission

Simultaneous A/N on PUCCH transmission from 1 UE on multiple UL CCs is not supported A single UE-specific UL CC is configured semi-statically for carrying PUCCH A/N Method for assigning PUCCH resource(s) for a UE on the above single UL carrier in case of carrier aggregation

Implicit / Explicit / Hybrid: FFS Note that for a CA-capable UE that is configured for single UL/DL carrier-pair operation , single-antenna PUCCH resource assignment shall be done as per Rel-8.

A single UE-specific UL CC is configured semi-statically for carrying PUCCH A/N, SR, and periodic CSI from a UE

Concept of primary carrier

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Control Channel

One

SR per UE transmitted on PUCCH CSI reporting for up to 5 DL CC supported

Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specific UL CC

Periodic

Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specific UL CC Following Rel8 principles for CQI/PMI/RI

Consider ways to reduce reporting overhead, e.g. DL CC cycling Consider ways to support extending CSI payload

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Control Channel

Further discussion points for ACK/NACK transmission

Method(s) for A/N multiplexing

How many simultaneous PUCCH signals? PUCCH format 1b with SF reduction to 2 or 1 Channel selection with appropriate modification PUCCH format 2 New PUCCH signal/format (e.g. DFT-S-OFDM based) A/N bundling within / across CCs Also consider TDD
H C S D P H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

H C S D P

A/N

A/N

A/N

H C C U P

A/N

H C C U P

H C C U P

H C C U P

A/N H

C C U P

H C C U P

A/N

H C C U P

H Bundling C C U P

A/N

H C C U P

A/N

H C C U P

A/N

Joint coding

Multiple resources transmission

Bundling

Joint coding

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Control Channel

CQI (Channel Quality Indication)

Multiple CQIs on single component carrier Multiple resources transmission Joint coding TDM

DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2

DL CC #0

DL CC #1

DL CC #2

H C C U P

CQI

H C C U P

H C C U P

H C C U P

CQI H

C C U P

H C C U P

CQI

CQI

DL CC #0

DL CC #1

DL CC #2

H C C U P

CQI

H C C U P

CQI Joint coding

Multiple resources transmission

CQI

H C C U P H C C U P H C C U P

CQI

H C C U P H C C U P H C C U P

CQI

Joint coding
Time

subframe #n subframe #n+1 subframe #n+2

TDM

LTE-Advanced

Downlink Control Channel

PDCCH structure
PDCCH is transmitted within one component carrier Mapping of PDCCH information

Separate coding of DL/UL scheduling for each component carrier

Based on DCI format(s) for single carrier Linked carrier scheduling w/o CIF (carrier indicator field)

Rel8 PDCCH structure and DCI formats Rel8 DCI formats extended with 3 bit carrier indicator field Reusing Rel8 PDCCH structure Solutions to PCFICH detection errors on the CC carrying PDSCH to be standardized

Cross carrier scheduling with CIF

PDCCH blind decoding reduction is desirable

CC#2
CFI error PDCCH DTX

CC#1
CFI correct PDCCH correct

CC#1
CFI correct PDCCH PDCCH correct correct Receive PDSCH

CC#2
CFI error PDSCH error due to CFI error, also leads to HARQ buffer corruption.

Receive PDSCH

Not receive PDSCH

Linked Carrier Scheduling

LTE-Advanced

Cross Carrier Scheduling

Downlink Control Channel

Linkage

between PDSCH/PUSCH and PDCCH

Further discussion required on whether at least the following is supported:

A UE only monitors PDCCH on one DL CC for each PDSCH/PUSCH CC

For any DL carrier with CIF where the UE monitors PDCCH, PDCCH on the DL carrier shall be able to schedule PDSCH at least on the same carrier and/or PUSCH on a linked UL carrier

Further discussion required on whether this can be extended to support modified Option 1

LTE-Advanced

Downlink Control Channel

PHICH transmission

Re-use PHICH physical transmission aspects from Rel8

Orthogonal code design, modulation, scrambling sequence, mapping to REs

PHICH transmitted only on the DL CC used to transmit the UL grant PHICH resource mapping rules:

For 1-to-1 or many-to-1 mapping between DL and UL without CIF

Reuse Rel8 mapping

For many-to-1 UL:DL mapping or many-to-1 mapping between DL and UL with CIF

Single set of PHICH resources shared by all UEs (Rel-8 to Rel-10) DM RS cyclic shift mechanism remains available and can be used to reduce collision probability Working assumption to be confirmed at RAN1#60bis if no fundamental problem identified:

Further discussion point

Additional standardised mechanism for handling PHICH collisions needed?

LTE-Advanced

Downlink Control Channel

PCFICH
Independent

control region size per CC On any carrier with a control region, re-use Rel8 design
Modulation Coding RE mapping

PCFICH

for cross-CC scheduling

In case of cross carrier scheduling, a standardized solution will be supported to provide CFI to the UE for the carriers on which PDSCH is assigned

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Power Control

Assume similar operation of Rel8:

Mainly compensate for slow-varying channel conditions while reducing the interference generated towards neighboring cells Fractional PC or full path-loss compensation is used on PUSCH and full pathloss compensation on PUCCH

Supports component carrier specific UL PC for both contiguous and non-contiguous CC aggregation

Which PC parameters are CC-specific?

P0_PUSCH, P0_PUCCH, , pusch, TF are CC-specific There is a max power for the total UE transmit power (provided by RAN4) There is a CC-specific max power The DL CC used for pathloss derivation for power control of each UL CC is configured by the network (any restrictions on correspondence between DL and UL CCs for this purpose are up to RAN4) Whether a pathloss offset per CC needs to be signalled to the UE is FFS The number of DL CCs measured is up to RAN4 TPC in UL grant is applied to UL CC for which the grant applies TPC in DL grant is applied to UL CC on which the ACK/NACK is transmitted

Pathloss derivation

TPC command transmission

LTE-Advanced

Uplink Power Control

PHR

Per CC FFS whether or not PHR is per channel (i.e. PUSCH / PUCCH) within each per-CC PHR

Max

power scaling

Starting point:
PUCCH power is prioritised; remaining power may be used by PUSCH (i.e. PUSCH power is scaled down first, maybe to zero)

scaling is per channel Detailed formula is FFS

Power

control for multiple antennas: FFS

LTE-Advanced

Relay

Overview Type 1 Relay Type 2 Relay Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB link Access-Backhaul Partitioning Backward compatible backhaul partitioning Backhaul Resource Assignment R-Channel design

Overview

Relaying

as a tool to improve e.g. the coverage of high data rates, group mobility, temporary network deployment, the cell-edge throughput and/or to provide coverage in new areas. Wirelessly connected to radio-access network via a donor cell. Connection type

Relay functionalities

Inband, Outband Half duplex relay resource partioning required Full duplex relay

Duplexing

Outband relay Inband relay with enough spatial separtion or enhanced interference cancellation no need to consider resource partioning

Relay classification w.r.t the knowledge in the UE

Transparent Non-transparent Control cells of its own (similar to eNB : type 1 relay) Be part of the donor cell (L2 relay, Type 2 relay)

Depending on the relaying strategy, a relay may

Relay in Rel10 LTE-Advanced

Inband half duplex relay and outband relay will be included in the initial version of LTEAdvanced

LTE-Advanced

Type 1 Relay

Control Cells of its own

It control cells, each of which appears to a UE as a separate cell distinct from the donor cell Has unique physical-layer cell identity (defined in Rel-8) Shall transmit its own synchronization, reference symbols, .. The same RRM mechanisms as normal eNB No difference in accessing cells controlled by a relay and cells controlled by a normal eNB from a UE perspective Shall appear as a Rel-8 eNB to Rel.8 UE To LTE-A UEs, it should be possible for a type 1 relay node to appear differently than Rel.8 eNB to allow for further performance enhancement UE shall receive scheduling information and HARQ feedback directly from the relay node and send its control channels (SR/CQI/ACK) to the relay node Self-backhauling, in-band relay

LTE-Advanced

Type 2 Relay

Part of the donor cell

It

does not have a separate Physical Cell ID

Would not create any new cells A Rel-8 UE should not be aware of the presence of a type 2 relay node

It

is transparent to Rel-8 UEs;

At

least part of the RRM is controlled by the eNB to which the donor cell belongs It can transmit PDSCH At least, it does not transmit CRS and PDCCH L2 relay, smart repeaters, decode-and-forward relays

LTE-Advanced

Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link

Link definition
Backhaul

link

DL backhaul : eNB-> RN UL backhaul : RN -> eNB

Access

link

DL access : RN -> UE UL access : UE -> RN

LTE-Advanced

Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link

Inband Backhauling of Relay

eNB-to-relay

link operates in the same frequency spectrum as the relay-to-UE link In this case, half duplex relay operation is more feasible

Simultaneous eNB-to-relay and relay-to-UE transmissions on the same frequency resource may not be feasible

Due to relay transmitter causing interference to its own receiver Unless sufficient isolation of the outgoing and incoming signals is provided

Similarly,

relay may not be possible to receive UE transmissions simultaneously with the relay transmitting to the eNB Therefore, resource partioning scheme should be taken into account in case of inband half duplex relay

LTE-Advanced

Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link

Relay functionalities
In-band

backhauling of the relay traffic

General principle for resource partitioning at the relay:

eNB RN and RN UE links are time division multiplexed in a single frequency band (only one is active at any time) RN eNB and UE RN links are time division multiplexed in a single frequency band (only one is active at any time) eNB RN transmissions are done in the DL frequency band RN eNB transmissions are done in the UL frequency band eNB RN transmissions are done in the DL subframes of the eNB and RN RN eNB transmissions are done in the UL subframes of the eNB and RN

Multiplexing of backhaul links in FDD:

Multiplexing of backhaul links in TDD:

LTE-Advanced

Access-Backhaul Partitioning

Example of UL resource TDM partitioning

eNB UL RX
subframe

UL RX

Relay UL TX

UL TX

No TX

Relay UL RX

No RX

UL RX

R-UE UL TX

e.g. blocked subframe

UL TX

LTE-Advanced

Access-Backhaul Partitioning

Illustration
F2 UE1 UL (F2) eNB UL (F2) RN
One link active at a time One link active at a time

F1 DL (F1) F1: DL frequency (FDD) F2: UL frequency (FDD) DL (F1)

UL (F2) UE2

DL (F1)

LTE-Advanced

Backward Compatible Backhaul Partitioning

Backward compatibility of Relay node

In certain subframes, a relay node receives DL transmissions In certain other subframes, a relay node transmits on DL In the subframes where a relay node receives DL transmissions, Rel. 8 UE does not expect any relay transmission in PDSCH by configuring MBSFN subframe Create transmission gap in the relay-to-UE transmission

Relay backhauling subframe

Relay is not transmitting any signal to UE when it is supposed to receive data from the donor eNB During gaps, UEs(including Rel-8 UEs) are not supposed to expect any relay transmission Relay-to-eNB transmissions can be facilitated by not allowing any terminal-to-relay transmission in some subframes Relay should transmit PDCCH and CRSs in PDCCH region
eNB-to-relay transmission One subframe
transmission gap (MBSFN subframe)

Configuring MBSFN subframes

Ctrl

Data

Ctrl

No relay-to-UE transmission

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Resource Assignment

Backhaul Subframe allocation

At the RN, the access link DL subframe boundary is aligned with the backhaul link DL subframe boundary, except for possible adjustment to allow for RN transmit/receive switching The set of DL backhaul subframes

During which DL backhaul transmission may occur Semi-statically assigned During which UL backhaul transmission may occur, Can be semi-statically assigned, Or implicitly derived from the DL backhaul subframes using the HARQ timing relationship

The set of UL backhaul subframes

R-PDCCH (Relay Physical Downlink Control CHannel)

R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the DL backhaul data

Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources May assign DL resources in the same and/or in one or more later subframes. Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources May assign UL resources in one or more later subframes.

R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the UL backhaul data

LTE-Advanced

R-Channel Design (TR 36.814)

R-PDCCH resources
PRBs for R-PDCCH transmission is semi-statically assigned Resources for R-PDCCH transmission within semi-statically assigned may vary dynamically between subframes Resources that are not used for R-PDCCH within the semi-statically assigned PRBs may be used to carry R-PDSCH or PDSCH

R-PDCCH decoding
R-PDCCH transmitter processing (channel coding, interleaving, multiplexing, etc.) should reuse Rel-8 functionality to the extent possible Search space approach of R8 is used for the backhaul link

Use of common search space, which can be semi-statically configured (and potentially includes entire system bandwidth If RN-specific search space is configured, it could be implicitly or explicitly known by RN.

The R-PDCCH is transmitted starting from an OFDM symbol within the subframe that is late enough so that the relay can receive it. R-PDSCH and R-PDCCH can be transmitted within the same PRBs or within separated PRBs.

LTE-Advanced

R-Channel Design

Backhaul link reference signal

For R-PDCCH,

For a given RN, R-PDCCH demodulation RS type (CRS or DM-RS) shall not change dynamically nor depend on subframe type. Demodulate with

In normal subframes:

Rel-10 DM-RS when DM-RS are configured by eNB Otherwise Rel-8 CRS

In MBSFN subframes, Rel-10 DM-RS Baseline may be modified (in relation to which OFDM symbols contain DM RS) depending on RAN4 response on the timing.

For downlink shared data transmission on Un

Same possibilities as for R-PDCCH

Further discussion point

R-PDCCH multiplexing Backhaul link HARQ timing Detailed R-PDCCH design

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: DL [1]

Backhaul downlink timing

The RN can receive Un DL transmissions starting with OFDM symbol numbered m and it can stop receiving with the OFDM symbol numbered n.

Here OFDM symbol numbering within the subframe starts at 0 k is equal to the number of OFDM symbols used for the L1/L2 control region at the RN access Case 1: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m=k+1 until the end of the subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)

The following cases are deemed for further consideration:

This corresponds to the case when RN switching time is longer (> cyclic prefix) and RN DL access transmit time is slightly offset with respect to DL backhaul reception time at the RN

Case 2: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m=k until the end of the subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)

This corresponds to the case when RN switching time is sufficiently shorter than the cyclic prefix and RN DL access transmit time is aligned to the DL backhaul reception time at the RN

Case 3: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m k until OFDM symbol n<13 (depending on the propagation delay and the switching time)

This corresponds to the case when RN DL Uu transmissions is synchronized with the eNB DL transmissions

Case 4: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol 0 until OFDM symbol n=13-(k+1)

This corresponds to the case when RN can receive the normal PDCCH.

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: DL [2]

Case 1: DL (-) timing offset

A

fixed delay in addition to propagation delay

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: DL [3]

Case 2 (DL): No offset, Switching time < CP

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: DL [4]

Case 3 (DL): Global Tx timing sync

Cas3

3a: [(Tp<L)&(Tp<G1)&(Tp+G2<L), symbol_length = L]

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: DL [5]

Case 3 (DL): Global Tx timing sync

Case

3b: [(G1<Tp<L)&(Tp+G2<L), symbol_length = L]

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: UL [1]

Backhaul link UL timing

RN

should transmit SC-FDMA symbols m=0 until the end of the UL backhaul subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)
This corresponds to the case when the access link and backhaul link UL subframe boundary is staggered by a fixed gap and RN switching time is considered by configuring the UE not to transmit the last SCFDMA symbol of the Uu link

Further

discussion point

There are concerns about the impact of Case 2b on the usage of SRS and/or CQI on the access link Companies are encouraged to analyze the impact and evaluate the pe rformance, especially for TDD, for the next meeting If impact is not acceptable, consider other RN UL timing cases

LTE-Advanced

Backhaul Link Timing: UL [2]

UL timing: (-) time offset

Not

listening to the symbol#13 (or SRS) in Uu link

LTE-Advanced

Enhanced DL MIMO Transmission

DL RS: Overview DL-RS: DM-RS DL-RS: CSI-RS DL MIMO: Overview DL-MIMO: DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: Overview [1]

RS types in LTE-Advanced

Two types of new RS are introduced in LTE-Advanced in addition to CRS (Common Reference Signal) defined in Rel-8

DMRS (Demodulation RS) CSI-RS (Channel State Information RS)

UE-specific DM-RS, which is precoded, makes it possible to apply noncodebook-based precoding UE-specific DM-RS will enable application of enhanced multi-user beamforming such as zero forcing (ZF) for, e.g., 4-by-2 MIMO

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: Overview [2]

DM-RS based system in LTE-Advanced

Support of Rel-8 Common RS

LTE-Advanced eNB should always support LTE UE as well Rel-8 CRS is also used for LTE-Advanced UEs to detect PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, PBCH and PDSCH (TxD only) Employing DM-RS for demodulation of PDSCH only (except TxD)

RS overhead optimization main motivation for DM-RS based approach

Transmitted only in an RB allocated for a UE in every subframe 12RE up to rank-2 24RE up to rank-8 Transmitted by pucturing PDSCH RE in a duty cycle Idea is that CSI-RS overhead can be made very small (e.g. less than 1% for 8Tx antenna support) LTE-Advanced PDSCH only in these subframe Rel-8 CRS is not transmitted in PDSCH region Although LTE-Advanced antenna port is larger than 4Tx, Rel-8 antenna port can be defined less than 4Tx

Employing CSI-RS for measurment

Define LTE-Advanced only subframe by MBSFN type signalling

Independent antenna configuration

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: Overview [3]

Allow transmissions of PDSCH to Rel-10 UEs in MBSFN (LTEadvanced) subframes

Possible to configure CSI RS for transmission in LTE-Advanced subframes

Possible to use LTE-Advanced features without any LTEadvanced subframes

Cell specific CSI-RS possible to transmit in normal Rel-8 subframes Consideration on CSI-RS impact on PDSCH transmissions to Rel-8 UEs for various RS densities needed

There should be no impact from CSI RS transmission on transmission of PBCH/PSS/SSS

Strive for same CSI RS and DM-RS patterns regardless of subframe type (DL Rel-8 or DL LTE-A subframes) DM-RS in support of up-to 8 transmission layers should be defined

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: DM-RS [1]

Characteristics
UE

specific Transmitted only in scheduled RBs and the corresponding layers: Design principle is an extension of the concept of Rel-8 UEspecific RS (used for beamforming) to multiple layers RSs on different layers are mutually orthogonal RS and data are subject to the same precoding operation
No need to transmit precoding information Per-PRB based channel estimation

Precoding granularity indication is FFS

Complementary

use of Rel-8 CRS by the UE is not precluded

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: DM-RS [2]

DM-RS pattern for rank-1 and rank-2

Forward

compatible DM-RS pattern design from LTE Rel-9 dual layer beamforming CDM between two layers DM-RS pattern agreed for Rel-9 dual layer beamforming

Normal subframe

DwPTS (symbols >= 11)

DwPTS (symbols<11)

Extended CP was not agreed and thus is not supported in conjunction with transmission mode 8 in Rel-9. Note that this does not preclude a solution being introduced in a later release

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: DM-RS [3]

DM-RS pattern for rank-3 and rank-4

Baseline is alternative 1 in the figure below

CDM+FDM, OCC length=2 24RE in an RB

DwPTS with 11,12 OFDM symbols

DwPTS with 9,10 OFDM symbols

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: DM-RS [4]

DM-RS pattern for rank5~8

Hybrid CDM+FDM DMRS patterns are adopted for rank 5-8 transmission with normal CP (normal subframe, DwPTS) Same location with same density (24RE per PRB) as the rank3-4

The length of OCC in time domain is 4 for both CDM groups 2 CDM group, OCC length=4

Normal subframe

DwPTS with 11,12 OFDM symbols

DwPTS with 9,10 OFDM symbols

Multiple RB optimization

Followings are FFS

DM-RS pattern optimization according to the number of RBs allocated Precoding granularity indication

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: CSI-RS [1]

Baseline assumption for CSI-RS

CSI-RS is transmitted by puncturing data RE on both LTE Rel-8/9 and LTE-Advanced PDSCH

Some performance impacts on the legacy Ues are inevitable

Loss of information due to puncturing Interference from CSI-RS

Uniform frequency spacing and periodic time domain transmission

Agreed to transmit all the CSI-RS for every antenna port within the same subframe CSI-RS density in frequency domain 1 RE per PRB for 2, 4 and 8 antenna port CSI-RS density in time domain

Overhead assumption

Multiple of 5 msec is baseline for further evaluations. 10ms periodicity is prioritized

Assuming 10ms periodicity, CSI-RS overhead can be calculated as 0.06% (1/1680) (8 antenna port = 0.48 %)

Time density: 1 symbol every 10ms per antenna port 1/140 Frequency density: 1 RE per PRB 1/12

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: CSI-RS [2]

Relationship between CSI-RS and Rel-8 CRS

No mixed use of Rel-8 CRS and Rel-10 CSI RS for a configured Rel-10 CSI measurement of a given cell at Rel-10 UE (for all possible number of antenna ports in the cell)

For the configured CSI measurement the UE measures either on Rel-8 CRS or on Rel-10 CSI RS for the given cell

8 Rel-10 CSI RS can be configured for Rel-10 CSI measurements in a given cell

For this case of Rel-10 CSI measurements, only the 8 Rel-10 CSI RS are used for the CSI measurements corresponding to the given cell

CSI RS are punctured into the data region of normal/MBSFN subframes However, independent antennea configuration is possible

LTE-Advanced

DL-RS: CSI-RS [3]

Further agreement in RAN1 with respect to CSI-RS

Full-power utilization is the design target.

Send an LS to RAN4 asking about the feasibility of 9 dB boosting.

Same data RE power between a data RE in the OFDM symbol containing CSI-RS and a data RE in the OFDM symbol without CSI-RS/Rel-8 CRS is assumed within a subframe Resource elements (REs) of CSI-RS are configured and/or tied to system parameters for inter-cell orthogonality, i.e, no collision between CSI-RS

Partial collision of CSI-RS for inter-cell randomization is not precluded. Port 0 is fully configured (subframe, OFDM symbol, frequency location) by L3 signaling and /or tied to system parameters The other ports follow port0 (implicit) FFS if all ports have the same shift or different shift in time and frequency

CSI-RS pattern for {2,4,8} CSI-RS ports

For intra-cell CSI-RS, FDM/TDM/CDM/CSM needs further study. Study RE muting, i.e., no collision between CSI-RS and data, for multi-cell CSI measurement

Consider the impact of muting on UE interference measurement Consider the impact on Rel-8 UE Power reallocation of muted REs is FFS

LTE-Advanced

DL-MIMO: Overview

Gains from MIMO

LTE-Advanced

DL-MIMO: Overview

LTE-Advanced

DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced

The number of transmit antennas in DL: up to 8 Design issue

Number of codewords Reference signal (RS) Transmit diversity Precoding Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)

Maximum number of codewords: 2

2 transport blocks in a subframe

Number of MCS fields: 2

Separate link adapation of two codewords

LTE-Advanced

DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced

CW-to-Layer mapping in support of 8-Tx antenna

Up to 4 layers, same mapping rule as in Rel-8 For higher number layers, it was agreed to simply extend the Rel-8 mapping so that two codewords are as much evenly distributed over each layer as possible

LTE-Advanced

DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced

Transmit Diversity Scheme

Rel-8

TxD will be reused with CRS in normal subframe TBD: TxD definition in LTE-Advanced only subframe
Alt 1: rank-2 DRS supports SFBC Alt 2: channel interpolation with the CRS in the next subrame PDCCH region Alt 3: no definition of TxD in LTE-Advanced only subframe

LTE-Advanced

DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced

MU-MIMO

In Rel-9, DM-RS based MU-MIMO scheme was decided

Dynamic indication of DM-RS port is supported in case of rank 1 transmission

To enable scheduling of two UEs with rank-1 transmission using different orthogonal DMRS ports on the same PDSCH resources no explicit signaling of the presence of co-scheduled UE in case of rank 1 transmissions in case of rank-1 transmission, the UE cannot assume that the other DM RS antenna port is not associated with PDSCH assigned to another UE

SU/MU assumption

Dynamic SU/MU switching in LTE-Advanced

Switching between SU- and MU-MIMO transmission is possible without RRC reconfiguration Transparent here means that no downlink signalling is provided to indicate to a UE whether a downlink transmission to another UE is taking place in the same RB. No clear preference for transparent or non-transparent MU-MIMO at this stage. If MU-MIMO were to be non-transparent, strongest possibilities to consider for downlink signalling include:

Transparent vs. Non-transparent MU-MIMO

whether / which DM-RS ports are used for other UEs Power offset

LTE-Advanced

DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced

Target design criteria for 8Tx Codebook

8Tx codebook is now under discussion for feedback purpose only Design criteria

For rank > 2, optimize for SU-MIMO only For rank <= 2, optimize for both SU- and MU-MIMO

For MUMIMO, target UE separation in correlation domain

Suitable for various antenna configurations

Feedback of precoding codebook

Implicit feedback (PMI/RI/CQI) is used also for Rel-10

UE spatial feedback for a subband represents a precoder (as constructed below) CQI computed based on the assumption that eNodeB uses a specific precoder (or precoders), as given by the feedback, on each subband within the CQI reference resource

Note that a subband can correspond to the whole system bandwidth

A precoder for a subband is composed of two matrices

The precoder structure is applied to all Tx antenna array configurations Each of the two matrices belong to a separate codebook

The codebooks are for further study The codebooks are known (or synchronized) at both the eNodeB and UE Codebooks may or may not change/vary over time and/or different subbands

That is, two codebook indices together determine the precoder One of the two matrices targets wideband and/or long-term channel properties The other matrix targets frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties Note that a matrix codebook in this context should be interpreted as a finite enumerated set of matrices that for each RB is known to both UE and eNodeB. Note that Rel-8 precoder feedback can be deemed as a special case of this structure

LTE-Advanced

UL MIMO

UL MIMO: Overview UL MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme UL MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO UL MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support UL MIMO: Reference Signal

UL-MIMO: Overview [1]

UL-MIMO in Rel8

UL MIMO was not supported for complexity reason

64QAM was introduced instead during Rel8 time frame

Only antenna switching Tx diversity is defined in Rel-8 LTE MU-MIMO was supported in an implicit manner (specification transparent way)

LTE-Advanced

Agreed to employ SU-MIMO in LTE-Advanced Crucial in satisfying 3GPPs own peak spectrum efficiency requirement The number of transmit antennas in UL

Up to 4 transmit antenna will be supported

4 layer transmission

Design issue

Multiple access scheme Number of codewords Precoder design Transmit diversity

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Overview [2]

Necessity of Preserving CM

OFDM vs. SC-FDMA discussion in early LTE-Advanced SI phase

SC-FDMA is agreed as an uplink multiplexing scheme MIMO transmission should be implemented with SC-FDMA CM can be one of design criteria for uplink MIMO scheme

SC-FDMA based MIMO transmission

Single antenna mode support

In this mode, the UE behavior is same as the UE behaviour with single antenna from eNBs perspective Exact UE implementation is left to UE vendors (e.g., PA archiecture) PUCCH and/or PUSCH and/or SRS transmission can be independently configured for single uplink antenna port transmission

Detail scenario and operation is FFS

UL single antenna port mode is the default operation mode before eNB is aware of the UE transmit antenna configuration

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme

SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA

Complexity

SC-FDMA: turbo SIC OFDMA: maximum likelihood detector (MLD) MLD is more complex in 16/64 QAM, especially for 4x4 configuration Depends on computational complexity SC-FDMA and OFDMA may not give significant difference OFDMA shows gain over SC-FDMA in high SNR range for 2x2 configuration Similar performance for 2x4 configuration OFDMA shows system level gain over SC-FDMA in 2x2 and 4x4 configuration

Latency

Performance

SC-FDMA was adopted for multiple access scheme as UL MIMO transmission

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO

Soft interference canceller (SIC): turbo SIC

Implementation

flexibility: various algorithms One implementation [1]: R1-083732

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [1]

Number of codewords: 2
2

transport blocks in a subframe

Same codeword-to-layer mapping as in LTE downlink codeword to layer mapping for 2 Tx and 4 Tx

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [2]

Candidates forTx diversity for PRACH

PVS, CDD, TSTD

Candidates for Tx Diversity for PUSCH

No consensus on the necessity of TxD in Rel-10

Identify target use cases where 2 TxD bring additional benefit, compared to single antenna mode and SM mode

Following candidates are on the table 2 transmit antennas

FSTD STBC: special care of unpaired symbol due to SRS Modified SFBC Closed loop rank 1 precoding STBC + FSTD STBC + PSD CDD + FSTD Modified SFBC + FSTD Closed loop rank 1 precoding

4 transmit antennas

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [3]

PUCCH TxD

2 Tx PUCCH transmit diveristy scheme

Rel-8 PUCCH format 1/1a/1b: Spatial Orthogonal Tramsit Diveristy (SORTD) is applied

The same modulation symbol d(0) is transmitted on different orthogonal resources for different antennas Exact resource allocation: FFS Three major camps for PUCCH format 2 :

PUCCH format 2 TxD

No TxD, SORTD, STBC without slot hopping

4 Tx PUCCH transmit diversity: 2Tx TxD is applied (UE implementation issue)

n_r=(n_cs, n_oc, n_PRB) for PUCCH format 1 n_r=(n_cs, n_PRB) for PUCCH format 2 Ant#0
d_0 (n)

Spreading with n_r0 . . .

Modulation symbol

d_0 (n)

Ant#M-1

d_0 (n)

Spreading with n_rM-1

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [4]

SU-MIMO

Codebook based precoding

Independent codebook design for different ranks Single wideband TPMI per UL component carrier

Frequency non-selective precoding in a component carrier Codebook size

2 Tx: 1-layer+2-layer 8 (3 -bit codebook) 4 Tx: 1-layer+2-layer+3-layer+4-layer 64 (6 -bit codebook

Dynamic rank adaptation Alphabet size: QPSK alphabet: {1, -1, j, -j} Further consideration point

UL frequency selective precoding Impact on antenna gain imbalance (AGI) due to hand-gripping problem Antenna power amp (PA) configuration

2 Tx antenna

20dBm + 20dBm 23dBm + 23dBm 23dBm + x, where x 23dBm 17dBm + 17dBm + 17dBm + 17dBm 23dBm + 23dBm + 23dBm + 23dBm and 23dBm + x + x + x where x 23dBm

4 Tx antenna

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [5]

Precoder design for 2 Tx

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [6]

Precoder design for 4Tx

Separate

design of each rank No nested property Alphabet in codebook element: from {1, -1, j, -j} Antenna selection codebook elements in rank 1 Cubic metric preserving (CMP) codebook in rank 2 and rank 3 Identity precoding matrix in rank 4

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [7]

4Tx rank-1 codebook

Size-24:

16 constant modulus + 8 antenna pair turn-off vectors

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [8]

4Tx rank-2 codebook

Size-16:

CM-preserving matrices QPSK alphabet

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [9]

4Tx rank-3 codebook

Size-12 CMP codebook BPSK alphabet

Index 0 to 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 10 2 0 1 0 11 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 10 2 1 0 0 11 2 1 0 0 10 21 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

Index 4 to 7

Index 8 to 11

4Tx rank-4 codebook

Single identity matrix

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [10]

Number of MCS fields: 2

Separate link adapation of two codewords Among the followings, alternative 2 was agreed

Discussion on layer shifting

Alt1: No HARQ-ACK Spatial Bundling and no layer shifting. Alt2: No layer shifting, and continue discussion on HARQ bundling. Alt 3: Layer shifting with HARQ bundling

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Reference Signal [1]

UL DM-RS in support of UL-MIMO

Precoded UL DM-RS

2Tx

rank 1-rank 2: precoded RS rank 1-rank2, rank 4: precoded RS rank 3 : FFS, but potential agreement of precoded DM-RS in case of rank-3 Same precoding for DM RS and PUSCH

4Tx

UL DM-RS multiplexing

Cyclic shift (CS) separation for DM-RS multiplexing TBD: Orthogonal cover code (OCC) separation between slots for interference suppression Working assumption: Base sequence according to the whole allocation size and split into clusters.

DM-RS sequence design for non-contiguous resource allocations

LTE-Advanced

UL-MIMO: Reference Signal [2]

UL sounding reference signal

Re-use of Rel-8 principles (CS separation, IFDM separation) with some possible modifications SRS configuration per CC in case of carrier aggregation Dynamic aperiodic SRS is supported

Continue discussion on PDCCH signaling aspects, how to provide aperiodic SRS resources (including for multiple antennas), how to share these resources with ones for periodic SRS, and for the duration of the dynamic SRS transmission (e.g. one-shot, with a timer, semi-persistent until disabled, etc.)

Precoded SRS is not supported in Rel-10 Further discussion point

need for sounding via DMRS need for increased SRS multiplexing possibilities (if so, which methods) need for multi-cell coordination / randomisation (which methods if any) need for SRS coverage enhancement need for non-contiguous SRS transmission

LTE-Advanced

CoMP

Overview Carrier Types MAC-PHY interface Uplink Multiple Access Uplink Control Channel Downlink Control Channel UL Power control

Terminology and Definition CoMP Set

CoMP Cooperating Set

Set of (geographically separated) points directly or indirectly participating in PDSCH transmission to UE. COMP transmission point(s)

Point or set of points actively transmitting PDSCH to UE CoMP transmission point(s) is a subset of the CoMP cooperating set For Joint transmission, the points in the CoMP cooperating set For Dynamic cell selection, a single point is the transmission point at every subframe. This transmission point can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set. For Coordinated scheduling/beamforming, the serving cell Transparent/non-transparent to UE

CoMP measurement set

Set of cells about which channel state/statistical information related to their link to the UE is reported May be the same as the CoMP cooperating set The actual UE reports may down-select cells for which actual feedback information is transmitted (reported cells)

LTE-Advanced

CoMP Category

Joint Processing

Data is available at each point in CoMP cooperating set Joint Transmission Dynamic Cell Selection Data is only available at serving cell

Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB)

Joint Transmission

Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMP cooperating set) at a time Coherently or non-coherently To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interference for other UEs CoMP transmission point from a single point Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set. Data is only available at serving cell User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordination cooperating set. CoMP transmission point : serving cell

Dynamic Cell Selection

Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)

among the CoMP

LTE-Advanced

CoMP Operation- Joint Transmission

LTE-Advanced

CoMP Operation CS/CB

) R1-092232, Summary of email discussion for CoMP Qualcomm

LTE-Advanced

Joint Processing: Transparent vs. Non-transparent

Transparent to UE
DL joint transmission is based on the dedicated reference signals (DRS) for demodulation UEs need not know which eNBs participate in transmission Easy to implement and minimal spec change May cause performance degradation due to CRS and PDSCH collision RE collision may be resolved by alignment among CoMP transmission points

Non-transparent to UE
CRS and PDSCH RE mapping collision among transmission points Enable resource mapping optimization Increase overhead for DL control channels

Transmission Points : semi-statically (or dynamically) configured

LTE-Advanced

Joint processing: Coherent vs. Non-coherent

In terms of manner of the combination of signal from multiple cells at UE

Coherent transmission Non-coherent transmission

Coherent transmission
UE could combine transmitted signal coherently Network obtains channel state information of all the cooperating cell sites Phase correction + precoding Phase factor obtained from feedback or calculated at network side The transmitted signal from each cell is multiplied by a distinct phase factor Global precoding

Non-coherent transmission

Signal arriving at UE is unable to combine coherently

LTE-Advanced

Precoding Codebook for CoMP

Global precoding (joint design)

A single super-cell codebook is designed considering multiple points. A codebook needs to be designed for each combinations

Number of cooperating points Number of transmit antennas Number of layers

The performance is upper bound of all precoding schemes for CoMP High Complexity

Large global codebook to quantize Codebook varies with the size of CoMP cells

Local precoding (disjoint design)

A single super-cell codebook is composed by the N(number of cooperating points) single-cell codebook Local precoding design is simpler The performance is worse than that of global precoding

LTE-Advanced

Cell Clustering for CoMP

UE-specific Clustering
Cluster of coordinated cells chosen based on the preference of the UE Largest throughput gain Scheduling among all eNBs in the system needed Excessive Backhaul overhead

Fixed Clustering
Simple in terms of implementation Throughput gain obtained is limited

Hybrid UE-specific clustering UE specific with Network assistance

Cluster of eNB serving a particular UE is a subset of a larger fixed cluster Throughput gain Reduce scheduling complexity and backhaul demand

Semi-statically (or dynamically) configured

LTE-Advanced

Feedback in Support of DL CoMP

CoMP Feedback mechanisms

Explicit

channel state/statistical information feedback

Channel as observed by the receiver, without assuming any transmission or receiver processing

Implicit

channel state/statistical information feedback

Use hypotheses of different transmission and/or reception processing, e.g., CQI/PMI/RI

Channel

reciprocity

UE transmission of SRS can be used for CSI estimation at eNB

UE CoMP feedback reports target the serving cell

on

UL resources from serving cell

LTE-Advanced

Explicit Feedback

Channel part
For

each cell in the UEs measurement set that is reported in a given subframe, one or several channel properties are reported Channel properties include (but are not limited to) the following
Channel matrix short term (instantaneous) Transmit channel covariance Inter-cell channel properties may also be reported

Noise-and interference part

Interference

outside the

Cells reported by the UE CoMP transmission points

Total

receive power (Io) or total received signal covariance matrix Covariance matrix of the noise-and-interference
LTE-Advanced

Implicit Feedback

Hypotheses at the UE and the feedback

based on one or a combination of two or more of the following, e.g.: Single user vs. Multi user MIMO Single cell vs. Coordinated transmission

Within coordinated transmission : Single point (CB/CS) vs. multi-point (JP) transmission Within Joint processing CoMP

Subsets of transmission points or subsets of reported cells (Joint Transmission)

CoMP transmission point(s) (Dynamic Cell Selection)

Transmit precoder (i.e. tx weights)

JP : multiple single-cell or multi-cell PMI capturing CB/CS : single-cell or multiple single-cell PMIs Other types of feedbacks, e.g. main Multi-cell eigen-component, instead of PMIs are being considered

Receive processing (i.e. rx weights) Interference based on particular tx/rx processing

LTE-Advanced

Reference [1]
[1] ITU-R, Revision 1 to Document IMT-ADV/2-E, Submission and evaluation process and consensus building [2] 3GPP, RP-08099, Proposed schedule for the submission of LTEAdvanced to ITU-R as a candidate for IMT-Advanced, AT&T et. Al [3] ITU-R, Addendum 2 to circular letter 5/LCCE/2 [4] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2133 Requirements, evaluation criteria, and submission templates for the development of IMT-Advanced [5] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2134 Requirements related to technical system performance for IMT-Advanced Radio interface(s) [6] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2135 Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced [7] 3GPP, RP-091000, Release 10 time plan [8] ITU-R WP5D/291, Initial 3GPP submission of a candidate IMTAdvanced technology [9] ITU-R WP5D/496, AN INITIAL TECHNOLOGY SUBMISSION OF 3GPP LTE RELEASE 10

LTE-Advanced

Reference [2]
[10] 3GPP, RP-090743, TR TR36.912 v9.0.0, Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA, September 2009 [11] 3GPP, RP-090745, Annex C1: Characteristics template [12] 3GPP, RP-090746, Annex C2: Link budget template [13] 3GPP, RP-090747, Annex C3: Compliance template [14] 3GPP, RP-090744, Annex A3: Self-evaluation results [15] ITU-R, WP5D/564-E, COMPLETE SUBMISSION OF 3GPP LTE RELEASE 10 & BEYOND (LTE-ADVANCED) UNDER STEP 3 OF THE IMT-ADVANCED PROCESS [16] 3GPP, TR 36.913, Requirements for further advancements for EUTRA (LTE-Advanced), V8.0.0, June 2008 [17] 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond [18] 3GPP, RP-100357, TR36.814, Further Advancements for E-UTRA Physical Layer Aspects (Release 9), V2.0.1, March 2010

LTE-Advanced

Thanks !!

LTE-Advanced