SAMBUNGAN LAS

Apakah sambungan las ?

Sambungan las (welding joint) merupakan jenis sambungan tetap. Sambungan las menghasilkan kekuatan sambungan yang besar. Dua kategori kelompok besar yaitu :
Las dengan menggunakan panas saja atau Fusion Welding (cair/lebur) yang meliputi ; thermit welding, gas welding atau las karbit/las asitelin dan electric welding (las listrik). Las dengan menggunakan panas dan tekanan atau Forge Welding (tempa).

Jenis Pengelasan Fusi

Fusion Welding Processes adalah pengelasan yang melibatkan pencairan di daerah sambungan las 1. Oxyacetylene Welding 2. Shielded Metal Arc Welding 3. GasTungsten Arc Welding 4. Plasma Arc Welding 5. GasMetal Arc Welding 6. Flux-Core Arc Welding 7. Submerged Arc Welding 8. Electroslag Welding 9. Electron Beam Welding 10. Laser Beam Welding

Skema Pengelasan

Cara Kerja Pengelasan

Preparasi bentuk sambungan las Pengelasan dilakukan dengan memanaskan daerah yang akan disambung, kemudian mencairkan material pengisi (filler) dan mengisikannya di daerah sambungan lalu keduanya dibiarkan mendingin dan membeku bersama. Material pengisi berupa materialnya sendiri (las asitelin) atau berupa elektroda (las listrik).

Heat Affected Zone ?

Diagram of the heat-affected zone: (I) overheated section, (II) grainrefined (normalized) section, (III) partially grain-refined section, (IV) recrystallized section, (V) aging section; (1) weld metal, (2) fusion zone

Pengelasan SMAW

The shielded metal arc welding process is a simple and versatile arc welding process. This process is used predominantly to weld ferrous metals above 2mm thick in all the welding positions. The welding arc is visible and under the control of the welder. The electrode is clamped in an electrode holder and the welder manipulates the tip of the electrode in relation to the material being welded. The arc is struck, maintained and stopped manually by the welder.

Polaritas pada SMAW

Posisi Pengelasan

The welding position is the orientation of the electrode with respect to the work piece to deposit the molten material, these positions are down hand (flat), horizontal, vertical (up or down), and overhead.

Posisi Pengelasan

Aplikasi SMAW
SMAW is widely mostly used for medium to heavy fabrication, and for maintenance and repair (including surfacing). It is particularly suited to onsite/field work such as buildings and bridges, and for pipelines for gas, oil or water. Materials that can Welded with SMAW include: Carbon and low alloy steels, cast irons (ductile and gray), copper and its alloys, aluminium and aluminium alloys, stainless steels, nickel and its alloys.

Kelebihan & Kekurangan SMAW

1. SMAW is a widely accepted, versatile and well developed welding process. 2. High quality welds are readily achieved on all steels in both the workshop and on site. 3. The equipment is relatively simple, inexpensive and portable. 4. The shielding gas provided by the burning flux is less sensitive to wind and drafts when compared to a process with an external shielding gas.

1. 2.
3.

Deposition rate is generally lower than GMAW, FCAW or SAW. A layer of solidified slag that needs to be removed covers the deposited weld. A high welder skill level is required for high quality welds.

Diskontinuitas dan Cacat pada SMAW

The AWS refers to discontinuities and defects of various types and sizes. Below some given acceptable level these are not considered harmful, however above that level they are considered defects. The following weld problems may occur; these are a collection of the more common types of flaws: Overlap, Slag inclusions, Weld spatter, Incomplete penetration, Incompletely filled groove, Excess penetration, Undercut, Craters, Crater pipes, Uneven profile, Uneven root penetration, Unequal leg lengths, Burn through, Wormholes, Arc strikes Lack of fusion may occur in the following forms: Lack of inter-run fusion, Lack of sidewall fusion, Lack of root fusion. Porosity may occur as: Isolated, Group, Linear, Uniform or Stopstart. Cracking that may occur is Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in low alloy and alloy materials. Other types of cracking can also occur.

Electroslag Welding

FCAW

Broken down the classification E4101T-1- H10 in the CSA system means: E = Electrode; 410 = Weld metal with tensile strength in MPa; 1 = Welding all positions; T = Wire is Tubular; H10 = 10mls H2 / 100g of deposited weld metal. The American Welding Society AWS A5.20 also classifies flux cored arc welding electrodes for carbon steels, using a series of letters and numbers. A typical cored wire classification in the AWS system is E70T1MJH4 E = electrode; 7 = nominal tensile strength of the filler wire in increments of 10,000 pounds per square inch e.g. 7 = 70 ksi. (70,000 psi); 0 indicates the positions the wire can be used T = wire is tubular; 1 gives the performance characteristics of the electrode wire. This number ranges from 1 to 14; MJH4 indicates M is the gas mixture e.g. 75%Ar = 25% CO2, J is the impact toughness and H4 is the diffusible hydrogen content.