NỘI DUNG. Đồ án cô đặc 3 nồi

TRNG I HC B RA VNG TU
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
KHOA HA HC & CNTP
c lp- T do- Hnh phc
B MN CN HA HC V HA DU
NHIM V THIT K MN HC
1. H v tn: 1. Ng Tin Vit Anh
2. Nguyn Hong Anh
3. Nguyn Hunh Tun Anh
Nhm 1 - Lp DH10H1
Mn hc: Cc qu trnh v thit b trong CNHH v Thc phm
2. u thit k:
Thit k h thng c c 3 ni xui chiu lm vic lin tc dung dch KNO3 bng thit b c c loi
ng tun hon trung tm.
3. D kin ban u
- Nng sut theo dung dch u: G = 30000kg/h
- Nng u: x = 8% khi lng
- Nng cui: xc = 48% khi lng
- p sut hi t: P1 = 12 at
- p sut hi ngng t baromet: Png = 0,2 at
4. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton
- S dy truyn cng ngh c c v cu to thit b chnh (km bn v m t )
- Tnh ton b mt truyn nhit b mt truyn nhit thit b c c
- Tnh ton b dy lp cch nhit
- Tnh ton thit b ngng t baromet v bm chn khng
- Tnh c kh
5. Bn v
- S dy truyn cng ngh h thng c c: kh A1 ( 1 bn)
- Ni c c v cc chi tit: kh A1 (1 bn )
Ngy giao nhim v: 21/1/2013
Ngy hon thnh: 29/4/2013
Vng Tu, ngy 22 thng 12 nm 2013
Xc nhn ca trng khoa
Xc nhn ca ging vin hng dn:

Sinh vin hon thnh y nhim v
n mn hc QTTB
GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

MC LC
LI M U .................................................................................................................... 5
CHNG I ........................................................................................................................ 6
TNG QUAN ..................................................................................................................... 6
I.
TNG QUAN V SN PHM ................................................................................ 6

I.1.
Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3 .............................................................................. 6
I.2.
Cc ng dng ca KNO3 ...................................................................................... 6
II. C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP C C .......................................... 7

II.1.
nh ngha ......................................................................................................... 7
II.2.
La chn phng n thit k ............................................................................ 8
II.3.
Thuyt minh s cng ngh ........................................................................... 9
CHNG II ..................................................................................................................... 11
TNH TON CNG NGH........................................................................................... 11
I.
BI V CC GI THUYT BAN U ....................................................... 11
II. TNH TON ............................................................................................................ 11

II.1.
Xc nh tng lng hi th bc ra khi h thng ....................................... 11
II.2.
S phn b hi th trong cc ni : ................................................................. 12
II.3.
Nng dung dch tng ni: ....................................................................... 12
II.4.
Tnh chnh lch p sut chung ca ton h thng ........................................ 13
II.5.
Xc nh p sut, nhit hi t ca mi ni.............................................. 13
II.6.
Tnh nhit v p sut hi th mi ni ....................................................... 15
II.7.
Tnh tn tht nhit cho tng ni ................................................................ 16
II.7.1 Tn tht nhit do nhit (
) ....................................................................... 16
II.7.2 Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh (): ................................................... 17

II.7.3 Tn tht do tr lc ca ng ng,(): ....................................................... 19
II.7.4. Tn tht do ton b h thng: ......................................................................... 19
II.8.
Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch trong ton h thng ....................................... 19
II.9.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ............................................................... 21
II.10. Cc thng s k thut chnh ............................................................................ 26
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II.10.1. Sc cng b mt ............................................................................................ 26

II.10.2. nht: ....................................................................................................... 26
II.10.3. H s dn nhit ca dung dch: .................................................................... 28
II.10.4. H s cp nhit: ............................................................................................ 30
II.10.5. H s phn b nhit hu ch cho cc ni: .................................................... 35
II.10.6 Tnh ton b mt truyn nhit: ....................................................................... 38
CHNG III ............................................................................................................... 39
TNH TON C KH THIT B CHNH ............................................................... 39
III.1. Bung t ............................................................................................................ 39
III.1.1 S ng trong bung t: ................................................................................. 39
III.1.2. Tnh thit b ng tun hon trung tm.( tnh theo b mt trong) .................. 40
III.1.3. ng knh trong bung t. ....................................................................... 40
III.1.4. Chiu dy bung t. ..................................................................................... 41
II.1.5. B dy y bung t: .................................................................................... 44
III.2. Bung bc ............................................................................................................ 46
III.2.1. Th tch bung t ......................................................................................... 46
III.2.2. Chiu cao bung bc: .................................................................................... 46
III.2.3. B dy bung bc: ......................................................................................... 47
III.2.4. B dy np bung bc: .................................................................................. 48
III.3. Ca lm v sinh................................................................................................... 50
III.4. ng knh cc ng dn .................................................................................... 50
III.4.1. ng knh ng dn hi t .......................................................................... 50
III.4.2. ng knh ng dn dung dch ..................................................................... 51
III.4.3. ng knh ng dn hi th ra ..................................................................... 51
III.4.4. ng knh ng dn dung dch ra................................................................. 52
III.4.5. ng knh ng tho nc ngng................................................................. 52
III.5. B dy lp cch nhit ca thit b ...................................................................... 52
III.5.1. B dy lp cch nhit cho cc ng dn:........................................................ 52
III.5.2. B dy lp cch nhit cho thn thit b: ........................................................ 55
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III.6. Mt bch ............................................................................................................... 56

III.7. Tai treo................................................................................................................. 58
IV.1 Thit b ngng t Baromet ................................................................................... 62
IV.1.1. Lng nc lnh cn cung cp cho thit b ngng t: ............................. 62
IV.1.2. Lng khng kh cn ht ra khi thit b : .................................................... 62
IV.1.3. ng knh thit b ngng t: ....................................................................... 63
IV.1.4. Kch thc tm chn: .................................................................................... 65
IV.1.5. Chiu cao thit b ngng t: .......................................................................... 66
IV.1.6. Kch thc ng baromet: ............................................................................... 67
IV.1.7. Chiu cao ng Baromet : ............................................................................... 67
IV.2 Tnh ton v chn bm ........................................................................................ 70
IV.2.1. Bm ly tm bm nc vo thit b Baromet: ............................................ 70
IV.2.2. Bm dung dch vo thng cao v: .................................................................. 72
Ti Liu Tham Kho ....................................................................................................... 75
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LI M U
Cng nghip ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu v ha cht ngy cng tng. Do ngnh
cng nghip ha cht c bn cng pht trin khng ngng, nhu cu v sn phm ngy
cng phong ph. Trn c s , quy trnh cng ngh lun c ci tin v i mi
ngy cng hon thin hn. Vn t ra l vic s dng hiu qu nng lng cho qu
trnh sn xut nhng vn m bo nng sut.
Kali nitrat (potassium nitrate) cn c tn gi khc l dim sinh vi cng thc ha hc
KNO3 l mt trong nhng ha cht thng dng. Vi nhiu ng dng thc tin, hin nay
KNO3 c sn xut vi s lng ngy cng ln. KNO3 c ng dng rng ri trong
cc ngnh cng nghip nh phn bn, thc phm, thuc sng Vy lm th no thu
c KNO3 c nng cao v tinh khit. Mt trong nhng phng php c s dng
hiu qu tng nng KNO3 l phng php c c. y cng l ti m nhm
chng ti thc hin trong n ny l thit k h thng c c 3 ni xui chiu dung dch
KNO3 bng thit b c c loi ng tun hon trung tm.
Cu trc ca n c th chia thnh cc phn nh sau:
Chng I: Tng quan
Chng II: Tnh ton cng ngh,
Chng III: Tnh v chn thit b chnh.
Chng IV: Tnh v chn thit b ph.
Ti liu tham kho.
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CHNG I
TNG QUAN
I.
TNG QUAN V SN PHM

I.1.
Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3
Bng 1: Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3

Cng thc phn t
KNO3
Phn t gam
101,1032 g/mol
B ngoi
Tinh th trong sut, khng mu
Mi
Chua hay mn
T trng
2,106 g/cm3
Nhit nng chy
3360C (609 K)
Nhit si
4000C ( 673 K)
ha tan trong nc
32 mg/ 100ml ( 200C)
pH
ca. 7
I.2. Cc ng dng ca KNO3

Phn bn: Nitrat kali c s dng ch yu trong phn bn , nh l mt
ngun nit v kali - hai trong s nhng cht dinh dng cho cy trng.
Cht oxi ha: Nitrat kali l mt cht oxy ha hiu qu, sn xut ra mt
ngn la mu hoa c khi t chy do s hin din ca kali. y l mt
trong ba thnh phn ca bt mu en, cng vi than bt (ng k
carbon) v lu hunh. Nh vy n c s dng trong bt mu en
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ng c tn la. N cng c s dng trong pho hoa nh bom khi ,

vi mt hn hp sucroe v kali nitrat.
Bo qun thc phm
Ngoi ra, KNO3 cn c mt s ng dng khc nh: l thnh phn ht
chnh vng chc ca aerosol c ch c chy h thng, l thnh phn
chnh (thng l khong 98%) ca mt s sn phm loi b gc cy. N
lm tng tc s phn hy t nhin ca gc cy bng cch cung cp nit
cho nm tn cng g ca gc cy, x l nhit kim loi nh mt dung
mi ra, l mt phng tin lu tr nhit.
II.
C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP C C

II.1. nh ngha
C c l qu trnh lm bay hi mt phn dung mi ca dung dch cha cht tan khng
bay hi vi mc ch:
Lm tng nng cht tan.
Tch cht rn ha tan dang tinh th (kt tinh).
Thu dung mi dng nguyn cht (ct nc).
Thng thng c 2 loi c c lm bc hi dung mi:
C c dng tc nhn l nhit cung cp nng lng cho hi dung mi
(c c trng thi hi).
C c kt tinh, bng cch lm lnh v gim p sut ring phn hi trn
mt thong ca dung dch lm tng qu trnh bc hi.
Qu trnh c c tin hnh trng thi si ngha l p sut ring phn ca dung mi cn
bng vi p sut chung trn b mt thong ca cht lng. Khc vi qu trnh chng
luyn, trong qu trnh c c, ch c dung mi bay hi. ng lu l trong qu trnh c
c, nng cht tan tng, nh hng n qu trnh tnh ton ca thit b. Khi h s
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dn nhit , nhit dung ring C, h s cp nhit gim, ng thi khi lng ring ,
nht , tn tht nhit tng.
II.2. La chn phng n thit k
C th s dng c c dung dch bng mt ni hay nhiu ni, ti ny, chng ta ch
xt h thng c c nhiu ni. C c nhiu ni l qu trnh s dng hi th thay cho hi
t, do n c ngha kinh t cao v s dng nhit. Nguyn tc ca qu trnh c c
nhiu ni c th tm tt nh sau: ni th nht, dung dch c un nng bng hi t,
hi th ca ni ny a vo ni th hai, hi th ni th hai a vo ni th ba hi th
cui cng i vo thit b ngng t. Cn dung dch i vo ln lt t ni ny sang ni kia,
qua mi ni u bc hi mt phn, nng tng dn ln. iu kin cn thit truyn
nhit trong cc ni l phi c chnh lch nhit gia hi t v dung dch si, hay ni
cch khc l chnh lch p sut gia hi t v hi th trong cc ni, ngha l p sut lm
vic trong mi ni phi gim dn v hi th ca ni trc l hi t ca ni sau. Thng
thng ni u lm vic p sut d, cn ni cui lm vic p sut thp hn p sut
kh quyn.
C th phn loi h thng c c nhiu ni theo cc cch khc nhau:
Theo s b tr b mt un: nm ngang, thng ng, nm nghing.
Theo cht ti nhit: hi (hi nc bo ha, hi qu nhit), khi l, dng
in, cc cht ti nhit c bit (du, hydrocarbon).
Theo ch tun hon: xui chiu, cho chiu, ngc chiu.
Cu to b mt un nng: v bc ngoi, ng chm, ng xon.
Trong n thit k h thng c c dung dch KNO3 ny, ta s dng h thng c c 3
ni xui chiu ( tun hon t nhin), bung t trong, ng tun hon trung tm v nhng
u im sau:
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Dung dch t di chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc nh s chnh lch p

sut v nhit gia cc ni. Nhit ni trc ln hn ni sau, tc l
p sut ni trc ln hn ni sau.
Dung dch vo ni u tin nhit si nh c gia nhit trc bng
hi nc, ngoi tr ni u tin, dung dch i vo ni th 2, 3 c nhit
cao hn nhit si, do dung dch c lm lnh, lng nhit
ny s lm bc hi thm mt phn nc, gi l qu trnh t bc hi.
C c ng tun hon trung tm c u im l dung dch tun hon
trong ni d dng, vn tc tun hon ln v ng tun hon khng b t
nng dn n i lu d dng.
Tuy nhin, phng php c c xui chiu cng c nhc im l nhit dung dch
cc ni sau thp dn, nhng nng dung dch tng dn, lm cho nht dung dch tng
nhanh, kt qu l h s truyn nhit gim t ni u n ni cui.
II.3. Thuyt minh s cng ngh
H thng c c 3 ni, lm vic xui chiu lin tc. Dung dch u KNO3 8% khi lng
c cha thng cha nguyn liu (3), sau c bm ly tm (6) bm ln thng cao v
(4). Dung dch sau i qua lu lng k (7) ch vo thit b gia nhit (8). y, dung
dch c un nng s b n nhit si, sau i vo ni c c (1), (2), (3). Ti ni
c c, dung dch c un si bng thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm, bung
t trong, trong cc ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon tng i ln. Dung dch i
trong ng cn hi t i vo khong khng gian pha ngoi ng. Khi lm vic, dung dch
trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh hn hp hi lng c khi lng ring gim i v b
y t di ln trn ming ng, cn trong ng tun hon trung tm th tch theo mt n
v b mt truyn nhit ln hn so vi ng truyn nhit do lng hi to ra trong ng t
hn, v vy khi lng ring ca hn hp hi lng y ln hn so vi ng truyn
nhit, s b y xung di. Kt qu l trong thit b c s chuyn ng tun hon t
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nhin t di ln trn ng truyn nhit v t trn xung di ng tun hon trung

tm.
Hi t c ly ra ni hi (1) cung cp nhit cho thit b gia nhit (3) v ni c c
(1). Ti ni 1, hi t ngng t, ta nhit lm si dung dch, bc hi mt lng hi th.
Hi th t ni th (1) c dung lm hi t cho ni th (2) v tng t th hi th ni
(2) s l hi t cho ni (3). Hi th t ni (3) c ngng t nh thit b baromet (13)
v c ht chn khng nh bm chn khng (15). Nc ngng t phng t ca cc ni
c c i qua ca x nc ngng, qua by hi (5) ch xung thng ch nc ngng
(2). Dung dch t ni c c (3) c bm ly tm (6) ly ra cho vo thng cha sn
phm (18).
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CHNG II
TNH TON CNG NGH

I.
BI V CC GI THUYT BAN U
Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm.

Nng sut u vo: G = 30000 kg/h
Nng u: x = 8% ( khi lng)
Nng cui: xc = 48% ( khi lng)
p sut hi t ni 1: Ph1 = 12at
p sut thit b ngng t: Png = 0,2at
Dung dch: KNO3
Phn t mol: Mpt = 101 kg/kmol
II.
TNH TON
II.1. Xc nh tng lng hi th bc ra khi h thng
Gi: G, Gc l lng dung dch lc u v cui, kg/h
x, xc l nng u v cui, % khi lng
W
l lng hi th bc hi, kg/h
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho ton h thng:

G = Gc + W
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho cu t phn b:
G.x = Gcxc + W xw
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y ta coi qu trnh c c coi khi lng cht tan khng b mt theo lng hi
bc ra nn ta c:
G x = G c xc
T (1) v (2) ta c :
W = G (1 x/xc)
(VI.1/55 [II])
Theo s liu ti ta c lng hi th bc ra ton h thng l :

W = 30000 (1 8/48) = 25000 (kg/h)
II.2. S phn b hi th trong cc ni :
Gi
W1, W2, W3 l lng hi th ca ni 1, ni 2, ni 3 kg/h.
Chn s phn b hi th theo t l : W1 : W2 :W3 = 1 : 1,1 : 1,2

T cch chn t l ny ta tnh c lng hi th bc ra tng ni:
Ni 1:
W1
W
3,3
Ni 2:
W2 1,1.
Ni 3:
W3 1,2.
25000
7575,76kg / h
3,3
W
3,3
1,1.
25000
8333,33(kg / h)
3,3
W 1,2 25000 9090,91(kg / h)

3,3
3,3
II.3. Nng dung dch tng ni:

p dng cng thc VI.2/ 57- [II], ta c
xi = G
x
3
G W i
, % khi lng
i 1
Vi xi l nng dung dch ti ni I
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Vy:
Nng ca ni 1:
x1 = G
x
G W 1
=30000
= 10,70 (% khi lng)
Nng ca ni 2:
x2 = G
x
G W 1W2
=30000
= 17,03 (% khi lng)
Nng ca ni 3:
x3 = G
x
G W 1W2 W3
= 30000
= 48 (%khi lng)
II.4. Tnh chnh lch p sut chung ca ton h thng
Ta c: P = Ph1 Png
(at)
P = 12 0,2 = 11,8 (at)

II.5. Xc nh p sut, nhit hi t ca mi ni
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Gi s p hiu s phn b sut hi t cc ni l: P1 : P2 : P3 = 4,183 : 2,043 : 1

V ta c: P = P1+ P2+ P3 = 11,8 at
P3 =
= 1,633 at
P2 =
= 3,336 at
P1 =
= 6,831 at
M ta c:
Ph1 = 12 at
P1 = Ph1 - Ph2 => Ph2 = Ph1 - P1 = 12 6,831 =5,169 at
P2 = Ph2 - Ph3 => Ph3 = Ph2 - P2 = 5,169 3,336 = 1,833 at
Gi: Thi l nhit ca hi t ni th i

ihi l nhit lng ring hi t ni th i
rhi l nhit ha hi
tng ng vi p sut hi t Phi
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Theo bng 57/46 [III], ta c bng s liu sau:

Bng 2: Cc thng s ca hi t
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
Ph (at)
12
5,169
1,833
Th (0C)
187,1
152,366
116,845
ih (kJ/kg)
2790
2756,366
2769,165
rh (kJ/kg)
1995
2113,282
2215,515
Vi thit b ngng t baromet Png = 0,2 at => Tng = 59,70C

II.6. Tnh nhit v p sut hi th mi ni
Gi
l tn tht nhit do tr lc ng ng.
Chn 1 = 2 = 3 = 10C
Gi thti l nhit hi th ni th i, 0C
p dng cng thc: thti = Thi +
Nhit hi th ni sau = nhit hi t ni trc 10C
Nhit hi th ni cui = nhit thit b baromet + 10C
Vy t nhng d kin trn, ta c:
tht1 = Th2 + 1 = 152,213 + 1 = 153,2130C
tht2 = Th3 + 1 = 116,845 + 1 = 117,8450C
tht3 = Tng + 1 = 59,7 + 1 = 60,70C
Gi: phti l nhit ca hi th ni th i
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ihti l nhit lng ring hi th i

rhti l nhit ha hi
tng ng vi p sut hi t thti
Theo bng 57/46 [III], ta c bng s liu sau:
Bng 3: Cc thng s ca hi th
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
Tht (0C)
153,213
117,845
60,7
Pht (at)
5,302
1,894
0,206
iht (kJ/kg)
2758,226
2709,468
2608,444
rht (kJ/kg)
2110,359
2212,786
2355,556
II.7. Tnh tn tht nhit cho tng ni

Tn tht nhit cho tng ni gm:
Tn tht nhit do nng
Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh
Tn tht nhit do tr lc ng ng
II.7.1 Tn tht nhit do nhit ( )
Ta s dng cng thc Tisenc:
= 0.f
(VI.10/59 [II])
Trong 0 tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si

ca dung mi p sut thng.
f = 16,2. T2/r
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Trong : T l nhit si ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut cho, 0K;

r l n nhit ha hi ca dung mi nguyn cht
p sut lm
vic,J/kg.
Da vo bng (VI.2/63 [II]) ta bit c tn tht nhit 0 theo nng a (%
khi lng)
Bng 4: Tn tht nhit do nhit
Ni1
Ni 2
Ni 3
Nng ca dung dch (% kl)
10.70
17.03
48.00
0 (0C)
0,970
1,653
5,75
Vy: 1 = 0.16,2
= 0,97 . 16,2.
= 1,3530C
Tng t ta c
2 = 1,8490C
3 = 4,4040C
II.7.2 Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh ():
Theo CT VI.12/60 [II] ta c:
h
2
Ptb P o h1 2 dds .g (N/m )
2
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C 1at = 9,81.104 N/m2

i cng thc theo n v at
h
Ptb P o h1 2 dd .10 4 at
2 2
Vi:
Pol p sut hi th trn b mt dung dch.
h1 l chiu cao ca lp dung dch si k t ming ng truyn nhit n mt
thong dung dch, chn h=0,5 cho c 3 ni.
h2 l chiu cao ng truyn nhit, chn h = 4m cho c 3 ni.
g l gia tc trng trng, =9,81 m/s2.
dds l khi lng ring ca dung dch khi si, kg/m3
dds =
dd
2
Do cha xc nh c nhit si ca dung dch nn gi thit ly khi lng ring

nhit 200C.
xdd1 = 10,7% => dd1 = 1059,03 kg/m3
xdd2 = 17,03% => dd2 = 1110,92 kg/m3
xdd3 = 48% => dd3 = 1502,86 kg/m3
T , ta c
h
Ptb1 P ht1 h1 2 dd1 .10 4

2 2
Ptb1 5,3020 C 0,5

2
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Ptb1 = 5,434 at
Tng t, ta c Ptb2 = 2,033 at v Ptb3 = 0,394 at
Vi Ptbi ta c ttbi l nhit si ng vi Ptbi
Ptb1 = 5,434 at => ttb1 = 154,1380C
Ptb2 = 2,033 at => ttb2 = 120,03890C
Ptb3 = 0,394 at => ttb3 = 74,9980C
Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh tng cao:
= ttbi - thti
= ttb1 - tht1 = 154,138 153,213 = 0,9250C

= ttb2 - tht2 = 120,0359 117,845 = 2,19390C
= ttb3 - tht3 = 71,998 60,7 = 14,2980C
II.7.3 Tn tht do tr lc ca ng ng,():
Chn tn tht p sut do tr lc ca ng ng trong tng ni l ' ' ' = 1 1,50C
Chn tn tht = 10C => "1' "2' '"3 1o C
' ' ' = "1' "2' '"3 3o C
II.7.4. Tn tht do ton b h thng:
II.8. Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch trong ton h thng
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 19
n mn hc QTTB
Hiu s nhit hu ch l hiu s hi t v nhit si trung bnh dung dch:

Ti = Thi tsi , 0C
Vi tsi l nhit si ca dung dch ti ni th i
tsi = thti +
Vy ta c:
ts1 = tht1 +
= 153,213 + 1,353 + 0,925 = 155,4910C
Tng t, ta c: ts2 = 121,88790C , ts3 = 79,4020C

=> Hiu s nhit hu ch :
T1 = Th1 ts1 = 187,1 155,491 = 31,6090C

T2 = Th2 ts2 = 152,213 121,8879 = 30,32510C
T3 = Th3 ts3 = 116,845 79,402 = 37,4430C
Bng 5: Hiu s nhit hu ch
Ni
, 0C
, 0C
, 0C
T, 0C
ts , 0 C
1,353
0,925
31,609
155,491
1,849
2,1939
30,3251
121,8879
4,404
14,,298
37,443
79,402
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 20
n mn hc QTTB
II.9. Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng
Gi:
D1, D2, D3 l lng hi t ni 1, ni 2, ni 3, kg/h.
G, Gc l lng dung dch u v cui, kg/h.
W1, W2, W3 l lng hi th bc ra t ni 1, ni 2, ni 3, kg/h.
C, Cc l nhit dung ring ca dung dch u v cui, J/kg..
t, tc nhit u v nhit cui ca dung dch, 0C.
ts1, ts1, ts1 nhit si ca dung dch ni 1, 2, 3, 0C.
ih1, ih2, ih3 l hm nhit ca hi t ni 1, ni 2, ni 3, kg/h.
iht1, iht2, iht3 l hm nhit ca hi th ni 1, ni 2, ni 3,J/kg.
C1, C2, C3 nhit dung ring ca dung dch ni 1,2,3, J/kg.
Cn1, Cn2, Cn3 l nhit dung ring ca nc ngng ni 1, 2, 3, J/kg..
1 2 3 nhit nc ca ngng ni 1,2,3, 0C.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 21
n mn hc QTTB
Qtt1, Qtt2, Qtt3 nhit tn tht ra mi trng sung quanh, J

Theo phng trnh cn bng nhit, lng nhit vo bng lng nhit ra:
Nhit lng vo:
Ni 1:
- Do dung dch u: G.C.t
- Do hi t: D1.ih1
Ni 2:
- Do hi t mang vo: D2.ih2
- Do dung dch ni 1 mang vo: (G W1).C1.ts1
Ni 3:
- Do hi t mang vo : D3.ih3
- Do dung dch ni 2 mang vo: (G W1 W2).C2.ts2
Nhit lng ra:
Ni 1:
-
Do hi t mang ra: W1.iht1
Do dung dch mang ra: (G W1).C1.ts1
Do nc ngng mang ra: D1.Cn1 .1
Do tn tht nhit chung: Qtt1 = 0,05.D1.(ih1- Cn1 1)
Ni 2:
-
Do hi th mang ra: W2.iht2
Do dung dch mang ra: (G W1 W2).C2.ts2
Do nc ngng mang ra: D2.Cn2.2
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 22
n mn hc QTTB
-
Do tn tht nhit chung: Qtt2 = 0,05.D2.(ih2 Cn2.2)
Ni 3:
-
Do hi th mang ra: W3.iht3
Do dung dch mang ra: (G W1 W2 W3).C3.ts3
Do nc ngng mang ra: D3.Cn3.3
Do tn tht nhit chung: Qtt3 = 0,05.D3.(ih3 Cn3 3)
Vit phng trnh cn bng nhit lng cho tng ni:

Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
Qvo = Qra
Ni 1:
GCt + D1.ih1 = W1.iht1 + (G W1).C1.ts1+ D1.Cn1 .1+ 0,05.D1.(ih1- Cn1 1)
(1)
Ni 2:
D2.ih2 + (G W1).C1.ts1 = W2.iht2 + (G W1 W2).C2.ts2 + D2Cn2 2 + 0,05.D2.(ih2
Cn2.2)
(2)
Ni 3:
D3.ih3 + (G W1 W2).C2.ts2 = W3.iht3 + (G W1 W2 W3).C3.ts3 + D3Cn33+
0,05.D3.(ih3 Cn3 3)
(3)
Tnh C1, C2, C3

Cng thc tnh C vi dung dch long c x < 20% nn p dng CT I.43/152 [I]
Co 4186(1
x
) J/kg.
100
Dung dch c c x > 20% nn p dng CT I.44/152 [I]
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 23
n mn hc QTTB
Co Cht .
x
x
4186(1
) J/kg.
100
100
Vi Cht c tnh theo cng thc I.41/152- [I]

M ct .Cht nK .C K nN .C N nO .CO
Trong : Cht ha tan KNO3 c:

M = 101 kg/kmol
nK, nN, nO:
l s nguyn t K, N, O trong hp cht.
CK, CN, CO: l nhit dung ring ca cc nguyn t K, N, O v

CK = 26000J/kg.
CN = 26000J/kg.
CO =16800J/kg.
Cht
1
nK .CK nN .C N nO .CO
M
Cht
1
1.26000 1.26000 3.16800 1013,864 J/kg.
101
Vy, vi dung dch u, x = 8% < 20%, ta c:

C 4186.(1
8
) 3851,129 J/kg.
100
Vi dung dch 1, c xdd1 = 10,7 % < 20%

C1 4186.(1
10,7
) 3738,098 J/kg.
100
Vi dung dch 2, c xdd2 = 17,03% < 20%

C2 4186.(1
17,03
) 3473,124 J/kg.
100
Vi dung dch 3, c xdd3 = 48% > 20%
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 24
n mn hc QTTB
C3 1013,861.
48
48
4186(1
) 2663,373 J/kg.
100
100
Tnh Qtt ly bng 5% lng nhit tiu tn bc hi tng ni:

Ta c: =th; D2 = W1; D3 = W2; W= W1+W2+W3
D1.Cn1 .1 = D1.il1
D2Cn2 2 = D2.il2 = W1.il2
D3Cn3 3 = D3.il3 = W2.il3
Vi ili l nhit lng ring ca nc ngng ni 1,2,3
Theo Bng 57/46- [III], ra c:
Ph1 = 12 at il1 = 759,3 kJ/kg
Ph2 = 5,169 at il1 = 642,8 kJ/kg
Ph3 = 1,833 at il3 = 486,7 kJ/kg
Qtt1 = 0,05.D1.(ih1- Cn1 1) = 0,05.D1( ih1 il1), J
Qtt2 = 0,05.D2.(ih2 Cn2.2) = 0,05.W1( ih2- il2), J
Qtt3 = 0,05.D3.(ih3 Cn3.3) = 0,05.W2( ih3- il3), J
Thay cc d kin trn vo phng trnh (1), (2), (3), vi cc n l W1, W2, W3, D1 ta c
kt qu nh bng sau:
Bng 6: Kt qu tnh ton ca phng trnh cn bng nhit lng
Ni
il
W ( kg/h)
(J/kg.)
(kJ/kg)
(0C)
Gi thit
Tnh ton
Sai s
3738,098 795,3
187,1
7575,76
7634,362
0,771
3473,124 642,8
152,213
8333,33
8573,708
2,885
2663,373 486,7
116,845
9090,91
8791,930
3,289
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 25
n mn hc QTTB
Sai s:
. 100%
%Wi =
Nhn thy sai s < 5% => gi thit a ra l ph hp.

V c D1 = 11161,399 kg/h.
II.10. Cc thng s k thut chnh
II.10.1. Sc cng b mt
Theo I.245/305 [I], ta c sc cng b mt ca dung dch nh sau:
xdd1 = 10,7% 1 = 73,698.10-3 N/m
xdd2 = 17,07% 2 = 74,5848.10-3 N/m
xdd3 = 48% 3 = 79,253.10-3 N/m
II.10.2. nht:
Ta s dng cng thc Paplov:
t 1 t 2
1 2
k =const
(I.17/85 - [I])
Trong : t1, t2 nhit ca cht lng c nht tng ng 1 , 2 .
1 , 2 l nhit ca cht lng tiu chun c nht tng ng.

Ni 1: x1= 10,7 %, chn cht chun l nc
t1 = 200C ta c 1 = 0,9714. 10-3 (N.s/m2)
1 = 21,22280C
t2 = 300C ta c 2 = 0,8. 10-3 (N.s/m2)
2 = 300C
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.102/94 [I])
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.102/94 [I])
Page 26
n mn hc QTTB
Nn ta c
k=
T ta c :

t 1 t 2
1 2
20 30
= 1,139
21,2228 30
t s1 t 2
k
C c ta tra bng I.110/108 [I] ta bit c

V:
ts1 = 155,491 0C

155 ,491 30
30 140 ,176 0 C
1,139
Vy dd 1 = 0,196.10-3 (Ns/m2)
Ni 2: x2 = 17,03%, chn cht chun l nc
t1 = 200C ta c 1 = 0,9922. 10-3 (N.s/m2)
1 = 21,66650C
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.102/94 [I])
t2 = 300C ta c 2 = 0,8041.10-3 (N.s/m2)
2 = 29,80350C
Nn ta c
t 1 t 2
1 2
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.102/94 [I])
20 30
= 1,1,229
21,6665 29,8035
ts2 = 121,88790C

121,8879 30
30 104 ,57 0 C
1,229
Vy dd 2 = 0,292.10-3 (Ns/m2)
Ni 3: x3 = 48%, chn cht chun l nc
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 27
n mn hc QTTB
t1 = 200C ta c 1 = 1,152. 10-3 (N.s/m2)
1 = 14,6130C
(I.102/94 [I])
t2 = 300C ta c 2 = 1,005.10-3 (N.s/m2)
2 = 200C
Nn ta c
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.107/101 [I])
(I.102/94 [I])
t 1 t 2
1 2
20 30
= 1,856
14,613 20
ts3 =79,4020C

79 ,402 30
20 46 ,617 0 C
1,856
Vy dd 3 = 0,582.10-3(Ns/m2)
II.10.3. H s dn nhit ca dung dch:
Tnh theo cng thc (I.32/123- [I])
d A.C P . 3
Trong :
, W/m.;
M
Cp l nhit dung ring ng p ca cht lng, J/kg.;

l khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m3;
M l khi lng mol ca cht lng;
A l h s ph thuc mc lin kt ca cht lng;
y A = 3,58.10-8;
Trong :
M = mi .Mct + (1- mi). MH2O
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 28
n mn hc QTTB
mi
xi
M ct
xi
M ct
1 xi
M H 2O
Vy ni 1:
10,7
101
m1
0,0209
10,7 100 10,7
101
18
M1 = m1.Mct + (1- m1).MH2O

= 0,0209. 101 + (1 0,0209).18
= 19,7374
d 1 A.C P ..3
M1
3,58.108.3738,098.1059,03.3
1059,33
= 0,5345(W/m.)
19,7374
Ni 2:
17,03
101
m2
0,0353
17,03 100 17,03
101
18
M2 = m2.Mct + (1- m2).MH2O

= 0,0353.101 + (1 0,0353).18
= 20,93
d 2 A.C P 2 . .2 3
2
M2
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
3,58.108.3473,124.1110,92.3
1110,92
=0,519(W/m.)
20,93
Page 29
n mn hc QTTB
Ni 3:
48
101
m2
0,141
48 100 48
101
18
M3 = m3.Mct + (1- m3).MH2O

=0,141.101 + (1- 0,141).18
= 29,703
d 3 A.C P3 ..3 3
3
M3
3,58.108.2663,373.1502,86.3
1502,86
=0,53(W/m.)
29,703
II.10.4. H s cp nhit:
M t s truyn nhit qua thnh ng:
y ta dng hi nc bo ha lm hi t i ngoi ng, cn dung dch c c i
trong ng. Do khu vc si b tr bn trong ng cn pha ngoi ng l lp nc
ngng t. Mng nc ngng ny nh hng n qu trnh truyn nhit. Cn st
thnh ng s c mt lp cn dung dch bm vo,v vn tc khu vc ny gn bng
khng. Lp cn ny cng nh hng n qua trnh truyn nhit.
Qua trnh truyn nhit t hi t n dung dch trong ng dn gm ba giai on:
-
Truyn nhit t hi t n b mt ngoi ca ng truyn nhit vi h s cp

nhit l 1 vi nhit ti l q1 (W/m2).
Dn nhit qua ng truyn nhit c b dy l , m;
Truyn nhit t ng truyn nhit vo dung dch vi h s cp nhit l 2 vi

nhit lng ti ring l q2 (W/m2).
a) Giai on cp nhit t hi t n thnh thit b:

Theo nh lut Niutn ta c:
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 30
n mn hc QTTB
q1i = 1i.t1i
Trong t1i h s nhit gia nhit hi ngng t (nhit bo ha) v nhit
thnh t1i = Thi tTi;
y l trng hp nc ngng chy thnh dng, khi h s cp nhit tnh theo
cng thc Nuxen:
1 2,04. A.4
r
, [W/m2.]
t1 .H
(V.101/28 [I])
H l chiu cao ca ng truyn nhit H = 4m;

2 3 0, 25
) , i vi nc gi tr A ph thuc vo nhit mng tm,
Trong : A = (
, 0C (29 [II]), cn r l n nhit ha hi ca hi t.

T cc d kin trn, p dng ta c c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 7: Lng nhit truyn t hi t n thnh thit b
Ni
Thi
0
rhi
kJ/kg
187,1
1995
tT1
t1
tm
183
4,1
185,05
199
1i
q1i
W/m2.
W/m2
7581,55
31084,355
152,213 2113,282
148,8
3,413
150,507 195,576 7913,817 27009,857
116,845 2215,515
112
4,845
114,423
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
185,49
6957,944 33711,239
Page 31
n mn hc QTTB
b) Giai on cp nhit t thnh thit b n dung dch:

p dng cng thc V.93/27 [II]
Tnh 2 = 780.
, W/m2.
Trong :
: h s dn nhit ca dung dch, W/m.
dd: khi lng ring ca dung dch, kg/m3
ht: khi lng ring ca hi th, kg/m3
Theo bng 57/46 [III], ta c: Pht1 = 5,302 at => ht1 = 2,762 kg/m3
Pht2 = 1,894 at => ht2 = 1,052 kg/m3
Pht3 = 0,206 at => ht3 = 0,132 kg/m3
: sc cng b mt, N/m
r: n nhit ha hi hi th, J/kg
0: khi lng ting ca hi nc P = 9,81.104 N/m2, i vi nc chn 0 = 0,579
kg/m3
C: nhit dung ring ca dung dch J/kg.
q: nhit ti ring, W/m2
: nht ca dung dch, N.s/m2
21 = 780.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 32
n mn hc QTTB
= 2719,569 W/m2.
22 = 780.
=
= 2090,897 W/m2.
22 = 780.
=
= 2412,802 W/m2.
Ta c:
Trong :
q2i 2i .t 21
t2 l hiu s nhit gia thnh ng v dung dch si

t2 = tT2 tddi = tT2i tsi ( Thi tT1i) ( tT1i tT2i) = Ti - t1i - tTi
Vi: Ti l hiu s nhit hu ch trong mi ni, 0C

t1i l hiu s nhit gia hi ngng t v thnh ng pha hi ngng t, 0C
tTi l hiu s nhit gia hai b mt thnh ng, 0C
M:
tTi = q1.r, 0C
vi r l tng nhit tr: r = r1 + r2 + r3

Trong :
r1 l nhit tr ca nc ngng
r2 l nhit tr do lp cn bm ln thnh
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 33
n mn hc QTTB
r3 l nhit tr qua lp vt liu

Theo bng V.1/4 [II] ta chn:
Vi lp nc sch: r1 = 0,232.10-3 m2./W
Vi lp cn b :
r2 = 0,247.10-3 m2./W
Cn
r3 =
Vi ng truyn nhit ngi ta thng dng thp CT3 c b dy =2(mm)

Lp vt liu tra bng I.125/127 [1] ta c h s dn nhit l 46,1 W/m.
Vy ta c: r 0,232 .10 3 0,247.10
-3
2
.10 3 0,522 .10 3 , m2./W
46 ,1
tT1 q11 r 31084,355.0,522.103 16,226o C

tT 2 q12 r 27009,857.0,522.103 14,099o C
tT 3 q13 r 33711,239.0,522.103 17,597o C
Thay s vo tnh ton ta c : t2i = Ti - t1i - tTi

Bng 8: Hiu s nhit gia cc ni
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
Ti, 0C
31,609
30,3251
37,443
t1i, 0C
4,1
3,413
4,845
tTi, 0C
16,226
14,099
17,597
t2i, 0C
11,283
12,8131
15,001
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 34
n mn hc QTTB
Vy t y :
q21 21t 21 2719 ,569 .11,283 30684 ,897 W / m 2
q22 22 t 22 2090 ,897 .12 ,8131 26790 ,872W / m 2
q23 23 t 23 2412 ,802 .15,001 36194 ,443W / m 2
Vy cui cng, ta c nhit ti ring cho qu trnh vi sai s c tnh nh sau:

Sai s =
. 100%
Bng 9: Chnh lch nhit lng l thuyt v tnh ton

q1
q2
Sai s %
Ni 1
31084,355
30684,897
1,285
Ni 2
27006,857
26790,872
0,7997
Ni 3
33711,239
36194,443
7,366
Nhit ti ring trung bnh qtbi = . ( q1i + q2i) , W/m2

qtb1 = 30884,42 W/m2
qtb2 = 26898,8645 W/m2
qtb3 = 34952,841 W/m2
II.10.5. H s phn b nhit hu ch cho cc ni:
y phn b theo iu kin b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau:
F1 = F2 = F3 = const
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 35
n mn hc QTTB
Trong trng hp ny hiu s nhit hu ch trong mi ni t l bc nht vi t

s Q/K ca cc ni tng ng:
Qi
Thii (k ) nKi
. T
3
Qi hi
i 1 Ki
(VI.20/68 [II])
Trong : Thi tng hiu s nhit c ch ca cc ni, Th = 99,3771 0C

Qi - nhit lng cung cp, W
Ki h s truyn nhit,W/m2.;
Wi .rhti
3600
Ta c:
Qi
Trong :
Wi- lng hi t ca mi ni;

rhti- n nhit ngng t ca hi;
Ki
1
1
1i
2i
Tuy nhin, nu tnh theo phng php phn phi hiu s nhit hu ch theo iu kin
b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau th h s truyn nhit tnh theo cng thc:
W/m2.
Ki =
Ni 1:
Q1
K1
W1 .rht1 7634 ,362 .2110 ,359 .10 3
5,372 .10 6 ( W )
3600
3600
30884,42
31,609
= 997,077 W/m2.
Suy ra :
Q1 5,372.106
2
5388,119 m .
K1 997,077
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 36
n mn hc QTTB
Ni 2:
Q2
K2
W2 .rht 2 8573 ,708 .2212 ,786 .10 3
4,472 .10 6 ( W )
3600
3600
26898,8645
=887,017 W/m2.
30 ,3251
Suy ra:
Q 2 5,27.106
2
5041,261 m .
K 2 887,017
Ni 3:
W3 .rht 3 8791 ,930 .2355 ,556 .10 3
Q3
5,752 .10 6 ( W )
3600
3600
K3
34952,841
37 ,443
= 933,494 W/m2.
Suy ra:
Q 3 5,752.106
2
6161,796 m .
K3
933,494
Nn ta c:
n 3
Qi
Q1
Ki K
i 1
Q2 Q3
16591 ,176 m2.

K2 K3
Vy :
5388 ,119
32 ,273 0C
16591 ,176
Ni 1
t hi1 99 ,3771 .
Ni 2:
t hi 2 99 ,3771 .
5041 ,261
30 ,195 0C
16591 ,176
Ni 3:
t hi 3 99 ,3771 .
6161 ,796
36 ,908 0C
16591 ,176
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 37
n mn hc QTTB
Bng 10: H s phn b nhit hu ch

Thi ( gi thit)
Thi (tnh ton)
Sai s %
Ni 1
31,609
32,273
2,1
Ni 2
30,3251
30,195
0,429
Ni 3
37,443
36,908
1,42
Vi sai s Ti =
Nh vy cc sai s so vi gi thit ban u u nh hn 5%.
II.10.6 Tnh ton b mt truyn nhit:
B mt truyn nhit ca mi ni:
Q1
5,273.106
2
166,94 m
K1 .Thi1 997,077.32,273
Ni 1
F1
Ni 2:
Q2
4,472.106
= 166,97 m2
F2
K 2 .Thi 2 887,017.30,195
Ni 3:
F3
Q3
5,752.106
= 166,95 m2
K 3 .Thi 3 933,494.36,908
Vy chn F1 = F2 = F3 = 167 m2.

Quy chun F = 160 m2 theo bng 6.2/172 [IV]
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 38
n mn hc QTTB

CHNG III
TNH TON C KH THIT B CHNH

Thit b lm vic p sut cao nht l P= 12at = 12.9,81.104 = 1,1772.106 N/m2 <
1,6.106 N/m2 nn coi nh lm vic p sut thp.
Cc chi tit, b phn khng b t nng, c cch ly vi ngun t nng trc tip. Thit
b khng sn xut v khng cha cc cht chy n c hi p sut thng.
Vy thit b thuc nhm 2, loi II, c h s iu chnh = 1 (XIII.2/356 [II])
III.1. Bung t
III.1.1 S ng trong bung t:
n=
Vi:
F l tng b mt t, m2. F = 160 m2
d l ng knh ca ng truyn nhit, m
Do trong c ba ni h s cp nhit ca hi t 1 > h s cp nhit 2 t b mt t n
cht lng si. Vy chn d l ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit.
ng truyn nhit loi 38x2, tc l:
ng knh ngoi: dn = 38 mm =38.10-3m
dy: = 2mm = 2.10-3m
ng knh trong ca ng d = dn - 2 = 38.10-3 - 2.10-3 = 0,034m
l l chiu di ng truyn nhit, m. Chn l = 4m
Vy t cc gi thit trn, ta c s ng trong bung t l:
n=
= 374,672 ng
Quy chun theo bng V.11/48 [II]

S ng theo hnh 6 cnh
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 39
n mn hc QTTB
S hnh 6 cnh = 11
S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh 6 cnh = 23 ng
Tng s ng khng k cc ng trong cc hnh vin phn = 397 ng
Tng s ng trong tt c hnh vin phn = 42 ng
Tng s ng ca thit b = 439 ng
III.1.2. Tnh thit b ng tun hon trung tm.( tnh theo b mt trong)
V y l thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm .Nn tit din tun hon trung tm
Fth ly bng khong 25% - 35% tng b mt tit din tt c cc ng truyn nhit.
Tng b mt tit din ca cc ng truyn nhit l:
Ftng = n.
= 439.
Ly Fth = 0,25.Ftng = 0,25.0,3986 = 0,09965 m2

Vy dth =
= 0,3562 m
Quy chun theo 416 [II] ta c:

ng knh trong dth = 0,4m
ng knh ngoi dn = 0,426m
dy ng = 0,013m
Tnh li Fth =
Xt
. Vy ph hp.
III.1.3. ng knh trong bung t.

ng knh trong ca bung t tnh theo cng thc:
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 40
n mn hc QTTB
Dtr =
,m
vi t l bc ng (m), = 1,4
dn l ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit, dn = 0,038m

sin = sin 600 =
do xp ng theo hnh lc gic u
F l tng din tch b mt t, m2

F = nng.hng..dtr = 439.4..0,034= 187,566m2
l h s s dng li ng.
= 0,8
l l chiu di ng truyn nhit, m. Chn l = 4m

dth l ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm, m. dth = 0,426m
Vy, t cc d kin trn ta c:
dtr =
= 1,34 m
Quy chun Dtr = 1,4 m

III.1.4. Chiu dy bung t.
Thng dng thp chu nhit CT3
Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr lm vic chu p sut trong P c xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
S
Dtr .P
C, m
2. . P
(XIII.8/360 [II])
Trong :
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 41
n mn hc QTTB
Dtr: l ng knh trong ca bung t, m.

: h s bn ca thnh hnh tr tnh theo phng dc,chon =0,95.
(Theo bng XIII.8/362 [II]).
C: h s b sung n mn
C =C1 + C2 + C3 , m ;
(XIII.17/363 [II])
Trong :
C1 l i lng chng n mn mi trng 1, mm/nm
Vi thp CT3, ta chn C1 = 1 mm/nm.
C2 l i lng chng n mn khi nguyn liu c cha cc ht rn
chuyn ng vi tc ln. y coi mi trng bo ha nn C2 = 0.
C3 i lng b sung o dung sai ca chiu dy, ph thuc vo chiu
dy tm vt liu, theo bng XIII.9/364 [II] ta chn C3 = 0,4 mm
C = 1 + 0 + 0.4 = 1.4 mm = 0.0014 m
P: p sut trong thit b(N/m2). Do mi trng lm vic l bo ha nn

P = Ph1= 12at = 12. 9,81.104 = 117,72.104 N/m2.
[] -ng sut cho php gm ng sut ko [k],v ng sut theo gii hn
chy [ch];
ng sut ko:
k k , N/m2;
t
nb
(XIII.1/355 [II])
Vi l h s iu chnh,theo bng XIII.2/356 [II] ta chn = 1

nb l h s an ton theo gii hn bn theo bng XIII.3/356 [II] ta chn
nb = 2.6
k gii hn bn khi ko theo bng XII.4/309 [II] ta chn
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 42
n mn hc QTTB
= 380.106 N/m2
k
380 .10 6
.1 146 ,154 .10 6 ( N / m 2 )
2,6
ng sut cho php gii hn chy:
c c .
t
(N/m2)
nc
(XIII.2/355 [II])
= 240.106 N/m2
Tng t ta chn : = 1; nc = 1,5;

c
240 .10 6
.1 160 .10 6 ( N / m 2 )
1,5
ng sut cho php phi ly gi tr nh tnh ton m bo iu kin bn m c
k < c nn chn [] = [k]= 146 ,154 .10 6 ( N / m 2 )

Hay [] = 146 ,154 .10 6 ( N / m 2 )
Xt t s:
. =
0,95 = 117,946 > 50, nn b qua P di mu trong
cng thc tnh S.

Khi ta c:
Dtr .P
1,4.117 ,72 .10 4
S
C
0,0014 7,335 .10 3 m
6
2. . P
2.146 ,154 .10 .0,95
Chn S= 10 mm = 0,01m
*Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
Dtr S C Po
2S C
c
12
, N / m2
Trong : Po l p sut th, tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 43
n mn hc QTTB
Po=Pth+P1 , N/m2
(CT XIII.27/366 [II]).
Pth p sut th thu tnh ly theo bng XIII.5/358 [II]

Kim tra vi p sut lm vic ln nht v dung dch c t trng ln nht
chn Pth=1,5.Phd, v Phd = 117,72.104 < 1,6.106 (N/m2).
Po 1,5.117,72.10
176,58.10 4 ( N / m 2 )
c 240 .10 6
2.10 8 ( N / m 2 )
1,2
1,2
Ta thy:
1,4 10 1,410 .176 ,58 .10

3
2.10 1,4 10 .0,95

3
1,52 .10 8 2.10 8 ( N / m 2 )
Vy b dy bung t cho c 3 ni l 10mm.

II.1.5. B dy y bung t:
Ta chn y hnh nn c g v gc y l 600
Ta c b dy y hnh nn tnh theo cng thc sau:
Sd
Dtr Po y
C (m)
2 u h
(XIII.52/399 [II])
Trong : y l yu t hnh dng y,xc nh theo th hnh XIII.25/400 [II] ta c

R/Dtr=0.15 nn ta c y = 2
P = Pht + Pl = 176,58.104 N/m2,
[u] = 145.106N/m2
Theo bng XIII.21/394 [II] c:
Dtr = 1,4 m
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 44
n mn hc QTTB
H = 1269mm
R= 210mm
h = 0,95
C = 0,0014 m
Sd
1,4.176 ,58 .10 4 .2

0,0014 = 0,0193m
2.145 .10 6.0,95
Vy ta chn chiu dy ca y l 20 mm
Gi ta kim tra ng sut thnh y bung t p sut thy lc
Vi cng thc sau:
Dtr .P0 . y
c
2.( S d C ). h 1,2
N/m2
Ta c: Po 176 ,58 .10 4 N / m 2
1,4.176 ,58 .10 4.2

= 1,34.108N/m2
2.( 0,02 0,0014 ). 0,95
c
1,2
= 2.108N/m2
c
1,2
Vy thun tin trong cng vic ch to ta chn b dy y bung t cho c 3 ni l

20 mm
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 45
n mn hc QTTB
III.2. Bung bc
III.2.1. Th tch bung t
V=
, m3
(VI.32/71 [II])
V lng hi th ni 3 bc ra l ln nht, nn ta tnh theo ni 3 v quy chun cho 2 ni

cn li.
W l lng hi th bc ln trong thit b, kg/h
W = W3 = 8791,930 kg/h
l khi lng ring ca hi th, kg/m3.
=
= 0,132 kg/m3
Utt l cng bc hi th tch cho php ca khong khng gian hi, m3/m3.h
Utt= f.Utt(1at) , m3/m3h ;
y Utt(1at)-cng bc hi th tch cho php khi p = 1at ,m3/m3h;
Utt(1at)=1700 m3/m3h;
f- l h s iu chnh-xc nh theo th VI.3/72 [II]
Khi Ph < 1at th th khng chnh xc vi Pht3 = 0,206 at f = 4,5
Utt = 4,5.1700 = 7650 m3/m3h
8791,930
= 8,7 (m3)
0,132 .7650
III.2.2. Chiu cao bung bc:

Vy ta tnh c chiu cao khng gian hi H bng cng thc VI.34/72 [II]
4.V
,m
.Dtr .bb 2
Vi Dtr.bb l ng knh trong bung bc. Dtr.bb = 1,8m

V l th tch bung t, m3
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 46
n mn hc QTTB
=> H
4.V
4.16 ,74
3,41m
2
.1,4 2
.Dtr .bb
Vy chn H= 3,4m.
III.2.3. B dy bung bc:
Vt liu ch to bung bc l thp CT3 v b dy bung bc tnh theo cng thc
sau:
S
Dtr .P
C (m)
2. P
(XIII.8/360 [II])
Vi: Dtr= 1,8m
= 0,95
[k] = 146,154.106 (N/m2)
C= 0,0014 m
Kho st vi ni 1 l ni c p sut lm vic ln nht.
P = Pht = 5,302 at = 5,302.9,81.104= 520126,2 N/m2
Xt t s:
. =
0,95 = 266,947 > 50, nn b qua P di mu trong
cng thc tnh S.
1,8.520126 ,2
0,0014 = 4,4.10-3 m
6
2.146 ,154 .10 .0,95
Ta thy S C < 10 mm nn ta tng thm C thm 3 mm nn ta chn S = 7 mm.

Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
Vi
Dtr (S C ).P0
2.( S C ).
c
1,2
(N/m2)
(XIII.26/365 [II])
P0 = 1,5Pht+ Pl
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 47
n mn hc QTTB
Pth l p sut thy lc, N/m2, Pth = 1,5. Pht1= 1,5.520126,2= 780189,3 N/m2\
P1 p sut thy tnh ca nc ti 200C. Ti 200C, c nc = 998 kg/m3.
P1= g.H. = 9,81.1,6.998= 15664,608 N/m2
P0 = 780189,3+15664,608 = 795853,908 (N/m2)
1,4 (0,006 0,0014 ).795853,908

2.( 0,006 0,0014 ).0,95
c
1,2
= 1,279.108 (N/m2)
= 2.108 (N/m2)
c
1,2
Vy b dy bung bc ca c 3 ni c thit k l 7 mm.

thng nht vi dy phng t nn chn S = 10 mm.
III.2.4. B dy np bung bc:
Thit k np cho c 2 ni theo hnh elip c g,vt liu bng thp cacbon
Sb
Dtr .P
D
. tr C (m)
3,8 k k . h P 2.hb
(XIII.47/385 [II])
Trong :
Dtr = 1,4 m
[k] = 146,154.106 N/m2
h = 0,95
hb l chiu cao phn li ca np;
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 48
n mn hc QTTB
Dtr
D
D
l h s hnh hc, theo kinh nghim tr = 2 => hb = tr = 0,35 m
2.hb
2.hb
4
k l h s khng th nguyn, xc nh nh sau:

k= 1-
d
Db
(XIII.48/385 [II])
y d l ng knh l khot y np, m. Theo phn III.4.3 th c d = 0,25 m.
k= 1-
0,25
= 0,8214
1,34
P l p sut ca hi th thit b, Pht = 520126,2N/m2
Tnh
.k. =
. 0,8214.0,95 = 219,271 > 30 nn ta c th b P di mu
s trong cng thc tnh S trn.
1,4.520126,2
.2 0,0014 = 4,76.10-3 m.
3,8.146 ,154 .10 6.0,8214 .0,95
Ta thy S C < 10 mm nn ta tng C thm 3mm nn ta chn S = 4,6.10-3 + 3.10-3 =

7,76.10-3 m
Chn S = 0,01 m.
KIm tra ng sut np ng sut th thy lc theo cng thc:
2.hb ( S C ) Po c
7,6.k. h .hb S C
1,2
2
tr
(XIII.49/386 [II])
Ta c P0 = 795853,908 N/m2 ( theo mc III.2.3 tnh trn)
1,4
2.0,35 .10 4,4 ,10 3 .795853 ,908

0,877 .10 8 2.10 8 N / m 2
3
7,6.0,8214 .0,95 .0,35 10 4,4 10
2
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 49
n mn hc QTTB
Vy np y ni 1 c b dy l 10 mm l m bo bn
Do p sut ni hai v n ba nh hn ni 1 nn ta cng chn b dy l 10 mm
III.3. Ca lm v sinh
Chn ng knh sa cha v lm v sinh l 0,5 m cho thun tin cho
vic sa cha v lm v sinh thit b
III.4. ng knh cc ng dn
ng knh ng dn v ca ra vo ca thit b xc nh theo phng trnh
Lu lng:
dd
Vs
,m
0,785.w
(VII.42/74 [II])
Trong : Vs l lu lng hi t i trong ng, m3/h; Vs =

w l vn tc ca hi i trong ng, m/s
Vi cht lng nht chn w = 0,5 1 m/s
Vi hi nc bo ha chn w = 15 25 m/s
III.4.1. ng knh ng dn hi t
Ni 1 c lng hi t vo ln nht trong 3 ni, nn tnh ng knh ni 1 l ln
nht, quy chun cho cc ni cn li.
D1 = 11161,399 kg/h
= 5,996 kg/m3 Ph1 = 12 at
Chn w = 20 m/s
d1
11161,399
= 0,181 m
0,785.20.5,996.3600
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 50
n mn hc QTTB
Quy chun cho ng dn hi t ca c 3 ni l 0,2 m.

III.4.2. ng knh ng dn dung dch
Lu lng khi lng G = G = 30000 kg/h
Nng x = 8% => = 1049,4(kg/m3)
Chn: w = 1 (m/s)
d1=
30000
= 0,1m
3600.0,785.1049,4.1
Quy chun ng dn dung dch vo cc ni l 0,1 m.

Tnh li w =
= 1m/s
w = 1m/s ( 0,5 1 m/s) tha mn.

Vy ng knh ng dn dung dch vo cc ni l 0,1 m.
III.4.3. ng knh ng dn hi th ra
Hi th ra khi ni 1 c : W1 = 7634,362 kg/h
ht1 = 2,762 kg/m3
Chn w = 20 m/s
d1=
= 0,22 m
Quy chun d = 0,25 m

Tnh li w =
= 15,65 m/s
w = 15,65 ( 15 25 m/s) nn tha mn.

Vy ng dn hi th cho cc ni l 0,25 m.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 51
n mn hc QTTB
III.4.4. ng knh ng dn dung dch ra

Dung dch ra khi ni 1 c: G1 = G W1 = 30000 7634,362 = 22365,638 kg/h
Khi lng ring ca dung dch 1 l dd1 = 1059,03 kg/m3
Chn w =1 m/s
22365,638
= 0.086 m
3600.0,785.1.1059,03
dn1=
Quy chun d = 0,1 m.

Tnh li w =
= 0,747m/s
w ( 0,5 1 m/s) tha mn.

Vy ng knh cc ng dn dung dch ra l 0,1 m.
III.4.5. ng knh ng tho nc ngng
Chn kch thc ng tho nc ngng nh ng dn dung dch ra:
ng knh trong, dtr = 0,1 m
ng knh ngoi, dng = 0,108 m
dy, = 4.10-3 m.
III.5. B dy lp cch nhit ca thit b
III.5.1. B dy lp cch nhit cho cc ng dn:
B dy lp cch nhit bc cc ng dn trong iu kin cp nhit ra ngoi khng
kh chuyn ng t do,nhit mi trng xung quanh khong 20(oC) c tnh theo
cng thc:
2,8
dn
1, 2
.1,35 .tT 2
q1,5
1.3
,mm (V.137/41 [II])
Vi: dn l ng knh ngoi ca ng dn (khng k lp cch nhit),mm;

l h s dn nhit ca lp cch nhit,(W/m.);
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 52
n mn hc QTTB
q l nhit tn tht tnh theo 1 m chiu di ng, W/m; ta tm c bng cch tra bng
V.7/42 - [II]
tT2 l nhit mt ngoi ca ng kim loi cha k lp cch nhit, oC
Chn cht cch nhit l bng thy tinh..
i vi ng dn hi t:
Tra bng I.126/128 [I] ta c bng tng hp sau:
Bng 11: Tnh ton b dy ng dn hi t
Hi t
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
dn, m
0,2
0,2
0,2
t0h, 0C
187,1
152,213
116,845
, W/m.
0,0327
0,0327
0,0327
q1, W/m
175,422
146,815
118,476
Vy
2,8.0,21, 2.0,0327 1,35.187 ,11,3
= 1,55.10-3 m = 1,55 mm
1, 5
175 ,422
Ni 1:
Ni 2:
2,8.0,21, 2.0,0327 1,35.152 ,213 1,3

2
= 1,55.10-3 m = 1,55 mm
1, 5
146 ,815
Ni 3:
2,8.0,21, 2.0,0327 1,35.116 ,845 1,3

3
= 1,53.10-3 m = 1,53 mm
1, 5
118 ,476
Chn chiu dy lp cch nhit chung l 2 mm.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 53
n mn hc QTTB
i vi ng dn hi th:
Bng 12: Tnh ton b dy ng dn hi th
Hi th
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
dn,mm
0,25
0,25
0,25
tht,0C
153,213
117,845
60,7
, W/m.
0,0327
0,0327
0,0327
q1, W/m
171,956
138,774
82,412
Ni 1:
2,8.0,25 1, 2.0,0327 1,35.153 ,213 1,3

= 1,6.10-3 m = 1,6 mm
1, 5
171,956
Ni 2:
2,8.0,25 1, 2.0,0327 1,35.117 ,845 1,3

= 1,6.10-3 m = 1,6 mm
138 ,774 1,5
Ni 3:
2,8.0,25 1, 2.0,0327 1,35.60 ,71,3

= 1,46.10-3 m = 1,46 mm
82 ,412 1,5
Chn chiu dy chung cho cc ng dn hi th l 2 mm.

i vi ng dn dung dch
Bng 13: Tnh ton b dy ng dn dung dch
Dung dch
Sau TBTN
Ni 1
Ni 2
Ni 3
dn,mm
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
tdd,0C
100.7
155,491
121,8879
79,402
, W/m.
0,0327
0,0327
0,0327
0,0327
q1, W/m
70,406
102,185
82,695
60,195
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 54
n mn hc QTTB
Ni 1:
1 2,8
0,11, 2.0,0327 1,35.155 ,491 1,3

= 1,2.10-3 m = 1,2 mm
1, 5
102 ,185
Ni 2:
2 2,8
0,11, 2.0,0327 1,35.121,8879 1,3

= 1,2.10-3 m = 1,2 mm
82 ,695 1,5
Ni 3:
3 2,8
0,11, 2.0,0327 1,35.79 ,402 1,3

= 1,1. 10-3 m = 1,1 mm
60 ,195 1,5
B dy cch nhit ca ng dn dung dch vo v ra hn km nhau khng dng k v

thun tin cho vic thit k nn ta chn cung b dy v bng 2mm
III.5.2. B dy lp cch nhit cho thn thit b:
Tnh b dy lp cch nhit c theo cng thc sau:
n (t T 2 t KK )
c
(t T 1 t T 2 ) ,
c
(VI.66/92 [II])
Trong n l h s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit n khng kh

n = 9,3 + 0,058.tT2, W/m2.
(VI.67/92 [II])
tT2 l nhit b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh vo khong 40-500C;

tT1 l nhit lp cch nhit tip gip b mt thit b v tr lc nhit tng thit b
rt nh so vi tr lc nhit ca lp cch nhit, cho nn tT1 c th ly bng nhit hi t
i vi bung t v nhit hi th i vi bung bc;
tKK- nhit khng kh,0C; tKK = 250C;
c- h s dn nhit ca vt liu cch nhit,W/m..
Ta ch tnh b dy lp cch nhit cho ni 1, cn lp cch nhit ca ni sau ly nh ni 1;
Ta c: n = 9.3 + 0.058tT2 = 9.3 + 0.058.50 = 12.2 W/m2.
Ni 1:Vi thn bung t : tT1 = 187,10C;
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 55
n mn hc QTTB
c =
c (t T 1 t T 2 ) 0,0327 .(187 ,1 50 )
=
= 0,01m = 10 mm
n (t T 2 t Tkk )
12 ,2.(50 25 )
Vi thn bung bc : tT1 = 153,2130C

c =
c (t T 1 t T 2 ) 0.0327 .(153 ,213 50 )

=
= 0,01m = 10 mm
n (t T 2 t Tkk )
12 .2.(50 25 )
Chn gi tr l 10 mm. Cc ni cn li do c nhit thp hn nn vi chiu dy ny s

bo m s cch nhit cn thit cho thit b.
III.6. Mt bch
Mt bch l b phn quan trong dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh
ni cc thit b ny vi thit b khc.
Nhng yu cu ca mt bch: mi ghp phi lun kn p sut v nhit lm
vic, lun bn, tho lp nhanh v m bo sn xut hng lot, gi thnh r
Mt bch ni thn thit b vi y v np:
Chn bch lin bng thp loi mt ni thit b. Da vo p sut lm vic P =
520126,2 N/m2.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 56
n mn hc QTTB
Theo Bng XIII.27/417 [II] ta c bng s liu sau:

Bng 14: Mt bch ni thn thit b vi y v np
Bung bc
Bung t
0,6.106 N/m2
0,6.106 N/m2
Dtr, mm
1800
1400
D, mm
1970
1550
Db, mm
1900
1500
D1, mm
1860
1460
D0, mm
1815
1413
h, mm
40
35
M30
M24
40
40
Py
Bu lng
S lng Z
Bch lin bng kim loi en loi 1 ni cc b phn thit b v ng dn:

Theo bng XIII.26/409 [II] ta c bng s liu sau:
Bng 15: Mt bch ni cc b phn thit b v ng
ng dn
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni Bulng
(mm) (mm) D
Dt
D1
db
h
(mm)
Hi t
200
219
290 255 232 M16 8
22
d2 vo
100
108
205 170 148 M16 4
18
d2 ra
100
108
205 170 148 M16 4
18
Hi th
250
273
370 355 312 M16 12 24
Nc ngng 100
108
205 170 148 M16 4
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
18
Page 57
n mn hc QTTB
III.7. Tai treo

Chn 4 tai treo bng thp CT3 cho mt bung t.
Vy ti trng cho1tai treo l: Q =
G
4
(N)
Vi: G=Gng+2.Gv+Gy+Gnp+Gthnh+2.Gbch+Glng+Gh
Trng lng thn bung t Gth:
Gth = 0,25 .((D+2S)2-D2).H. t .g
Vi t - khi lng ring ca thp, t = 7,85.103 kg/m3
D l ng knh ca bung t, Dt = 1,4m
l b dy ca bung t, = 10.10-3 m
H l chiu cao ca bung t, H = 4m
b l trng lng ring, g = 9.81 m/s2
Gth = 13645,234N
Trng lng ca ng truyn nhit:
Gtn =0,25 n.((d+2S)2-d2). .h. t .g + 0,25 ((dtt+2S)2-dtt2).h t g
Vi: n l s ng truyn nhit, n = 439 ng;
d l ng knh ng truyn nhit, d = 38.10-3 m;
h l chiu cao ng truyn nhit, h = 4m;
l b dy ng truyn nhit, = 2.10-3m;
dtt l ng knh ng trung tm,dtt = 0,4 m;
Gtn = 34764,279 N
Trng lng ca dung dch trong thit b:
D2
d 2 tt
d2
Gl= n. .
.h. d .g +
.h. d .g +
hl. ds .g
4
4
4
Vi d =1502,86kg/m3, ds =
d
2
Tnh cho ni 3 vi nng cao nht.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 58
n mn hc QTTB
Gl = 82161,897 N
Trng lng v ng:
Gv= 2.( .
D2
d2
d 2 tt
n. .
-
)S. t .g
4
4
4
Vi S l chiu dy ca v ng S = 0,01 m
Gv = 1410,55 N
Trng lng ca y bung t:
G= F.S. t .g
Trong F- mt trong ca y thit b, F c tnh bng cch tra bng
XIII.21/394 [II] da vo ng knh bung t.
Vi: Dt = 1400 mm , F= 3,529 m2
S l b dy y bung t, S = 0,02 m;
G= 3,529.0,02.7,85.103.9,81= 5435,26 N
Trng lng ca np bung t.
Gn= Fn.Sn. t .g
Fn b mt trong ca np bung t,xc nh theo bng XIII.10/382 [II] da vo
ng knh bung t.
Vi Db = 1400 mm , Fn= 2,31m2
Sn- b y np bung t, Sn = 0,02 m;
Gn= 2,31.0,006.7,85.103.9,81= 3557,79 N

Trng lng thn bung bc.
Gthb= 0,25. .(( D+2 )2 - D2).H. t .g
Vi: D =1,4 m; H= 4 m; =0,002 m;
Gthb= 2713,479N
Trng lng ca bch.
Trng lng ca 4 bch bung bc:
h.(D D0 )
2
Gb= 4.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
. . t .g
Page 59
n mn hc QTTB
Vi
h = 0,04 m;
D = 1,55 m;
D0 = 1,413m;
Gb = 4
0,04 .(1,55 2 1,413 2 )

.3,14.7,85.103.9,81= 3928,264 N
4
Trng lng ca hi:
D 2
3,14 .1,4 2
H . h .9,81
4.0,896 .9,81 54 ,123 N .
Gh
4
4
Vy trng lng thit b:

G = Gth+ Gtn+ Gl+2.Gv+ G+ Gn+ Gthb+ 2.Gb + Ghn= 1,53.105N
Vy ti trng tc dng ln mi tai treo:

G1 = G/4 =38250N
Theo bng XIII.36/438 [II] ta chn ti trng cho php trn mi tai treo l
G = 0,5.105N
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 60
n mn hc QTTB
bo m bn.
Nn ta c cc thng s sau:
B mt F = 72,5.10-4 m2
Ti trng cho php ln b mt: q = 0,69.106 N
L = 100 mm
B =75 mm
B1 = 85 mm
H = 155 mm
S = 6 mm
l = 40 mm
a = 15 mm
d = 18 mm
Khi lng mt tai treo l 1,23 kg.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 61
n mn hc QTTB

CHNG IV
TNH V CHN THIT B PH

IV.1 Thit b ngng t Baromet
IV.1.1. Lng nc lnh cn cung cp cho thit b ngng t:
Gn=
W (i C n .t 2 c )
C n (t 2 c t 2 d )
Trong :
(kg/s)
(VI.51/84 [II])
W : lng hi ngng i vo thit b ngng t, kg/h;

Gn : lng nc lnh cn thit ngng t, kg/h;
i : nhit lng ring (hm nhit) ca hi ngng, J/kg;
t2,t2c : nhit u v cui ca nc lnh, 0C;
Cn : nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc,J/kg.;
t2 = 200C, t2c = 500C ( trnh cc mui d kt ta v ng cn trn b mt
Ta chn:
truyn nhit).
= 350C => Cn = 0,99859 kcal/kg. = 4180,89 J/kg.
=> ta c ttb =
( I.147/165 [II])
W = W3 = 8791,930 kg/h
i = iht3 = 2608,444.103J/kg
Gn=
8791 ,930 .( 2608 ,444 .10 3 4180 ,89 .50 )

= 168188,691 kg/h
4180 ,89 .(50 30 )
IV.1.2. Lng khng kh cn ht ra khi thit b :

Lng kh khng ngng v khng kh cn ht c th l:
C sn trong hi th;
Chui qua nhng l h ca thit b;
Bc ra t nc lm lnh;
Chnh lng ny vo thit b ngng t lm gim chn khng, p sut ring phn v
hm lng tng i ca hi trong hn hp gim ng thi lm gim h s truyn nhit
ca thit b .V vy cn lin tc ht kh khng ngng v khng kh ra khi thit b.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 62
n mn hc QTTB
Lng kh khng ngng v khng kh ht ra khi thit bi tnh theo cng thc:
Gkk= 0,000025W+ 0,000025Gn+ 0,01W,kg/s
(VI.47/84 [II])
= 25.10-6(8791,930 + 168188,691) + 0,01. 8791,930

= 92,344 kg/h
Khi th tch khng kh 00C v 760 mm Hg cn ht l:
(VI.48/84 [II])
Vkk= 0,001.[ 0,02.(W+ Gn) + 8.W]
= 0,001.[0,02.(8791,930 +168188,691) +8. 8791,930]

= 73,875 m3/h.
IV.1.3. ng knh thit b ngng t:
ng knh ca thit b ngng t c xc nh theo hi ngng t v tc hi
qua thit b. Thit b lm vic p sut 0,2 at nn tc la chn khong 35(m/s).
Thc t th ngi ta ly nng sut ca thit b gp 1,5 ln so vi nng sut thc
ca n.Khi , ng knh ca thit b tnh theo cng thc:
Dtr 1,383.
W
(m).
h . h
(VI.52/84 [2]).
Vi: Dtr: ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t, m

W: lng hi ngng t, kg/s. W = 8791,930/3600 = 2,442 m3/s
h : khi lng ring ca hi, kg/m3.
h
: tc hi trong thit b ngng t, (m/s).
chn h =35m/s
Dtr 1,383.
2,442
1,02m
0,1283.35
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 63
n mn hc QTTB
Quy chun Dtr = 1,2 m.

Theo bng VI.8/88 [II], ta c cc thong s c bn ca thit b ngng t baromet( tnh
bng mm):
ng knh trong ca thit b Dtr = 1200 mm.
Chiu dy ca thit b S = 6 mm.
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b: a= 1300 mm.
Khong cch t ngn cui cng n y thit b: P = 1200 mm.
B rng tm ngn: b = 750 mm.
Khong cch gia tm ca thit b ngng t v thit thit b thu hi:
K1 = 1200 mm; K2 = 1095 mm
Chiu cao ca h thng thit b: H = 6320 mm.
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b: T = 2975 mm.
ng knh ca thit b ngng t : D1 = 600 mm.
Chiu cao ca thit b ngng t: h1 = 2100 mm.
ng knh ca thit b thu hi: D2 = 500 mm.
Chiu cao ca thit b thu hi: h2 = 1400 mm.
Khong cch gia cc ngn:
a1 = 300 mm; a2 = 400 mm; a3 = 480 mm; a4 = 575 mm; a5 = 660 mm.
ng knh cc ca vo:
Hi vo: d1 = 450 mm.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 64
n mn hc QTTB
Nc vo: d2 = 250 mm.

Hn hp kh v hi ra: d3 = 200 mm.
Ni vi ng baromet: d4 = 250 mm.
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi: d5 = 200 mm.
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi: d6 = 150 mm.
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng baromet: d7 = 80 mm.
ng thng kh: d8 = 25 mm.
IV.1.4. Kch thc tm chn:
m bo lm vic tt, tm ngn phi c dng hnh vin phn,do chiu rng
ca tm ngn c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
b
Dtr
50, mm
2
( VI.53/85 [II]).
Vi: Dtr: l ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t, (mm).

V trn tm ngn c nhiu l nh, chn ng knh ca l l, 2 mm.
Ly nc sch lm ngui.
Ta c: b
1200
50 650mm
2
Chiu cao ca g cnh tm ngn l 40 mm.

Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b ngng t
ngha l trn mt cp tm ngn:
f
Gn
, m2
(VI/85 [II])
Vi: Gn l lu lng nc, m3/s; Gn = 168188,691 kg/h = 46,719 m/s.

c l tc tia nc chn c =0,62m/s khi chiu cao ca g tm ngn l 40 mm.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 65
n mn hc QTTB
nc = 995,06kg/m3
168188,691
3600
f
0,0757m 2
0,62.995,06
Cc l trn tm ngn sp xp theo hnh lc gic u nn ta c th xc nh bc ca cc

l bng cng thc:
t 0,866.d
fe
(mm)
f tb
(VI.55/85 [II]).
Vi: d l ng knh ca l, (mm).

fe
l t s gia tng s din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit b
f tb
ngng t, thng ly 0,025-0,1.

Vy chn
fc
= 0,1.
f tb
t 0,886.2. 0,1 0,55mm
IV.1.5. Chiu cao thit b ngng t:

chn khong cch trung bnh gia cc tm ngn v tng chiu cao hu ch ca
thit b ngng t, ta da vo mc un nng nc v thi gian lu ca nc trong thit
b ngng t.
Mc un nng nc c xc nh bng cng thc:
P
t 2 c t 2 d
t bh t 2 d
(VI.56/85 [II])
Vi: t2c, t2 l nhit cui, u ca nc ti vo thit b, 0C.

tbh l nhit hi nc bo ho ngng t, 0C.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 66
n mn hc QTTB
P
50 20
0,756
59 ,7 20
Quy chun theo bng VI.7/ 86 [II], ta c P = 0,774

Tra bng VI.7/ 86 [II], ta c:
S bc: 4
S ngn: 8
Khong cch gia cc ngn: 400 mm
Thi gian ri qua 1 bc: 0,41 s
IV.1.6. Kch thc ng baromet:
p sut trong thit b l 0.2 at do tho nc ngng v hi ngng t
mt cch t nhin th cn phi c ng barmet:
ng knh ng barmet tnh theo cng thc:
dB
0,004 (Gn W)
m
.
(VI.57/86 [II]).
Trong : W l lng hi ngng, kg/s

Gn l lng nc lnh ti vo thp, kg/s
l tc ca hn hp nc v cht lng ngng chy trong ng
barmet, m/s; thng ly =0,5 0,6 m/s
dB
0,00446,719 2,442
0,354m
.0,5
Theo qui chun d = 0,4 m

IV.1.7. Chiu cao ng Baromet :
c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 67
n mn hc QTTB
H = h1 + h2 + 0,5 m
( VI.58/ 86 [II])
Trong :
0,5 m l chiu cao d tr ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v ch trn vo
ng n dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng.
h1 l chiu cao ct nc trong ng barmet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut kh
quyn v p trong thit b ngng t:
h1 10,33
b
,m
760
(VI.59/86 [II])
y b l chn khng trong thit b ngng t, mmHg

b = 1- 0,2 = 0,8 at = 0,8.735,6 = 588,48 mmHg
h1 10,33
588,48
7,999m 8m
760
h2 l chiu cao ct nc trong ng barmet cn khc phc ton b tr lc khi

nc chy trong ng :
h2
1 (m).
2g
d
(VI.60/87 [II])
H s tr lc khi vo ng ng ly = 0,5; khi ra khi ng ly = 1 th cng thc trn

c dng nh sau:
h2
H
2,5 (m)
2g
d
Vi: H: ton b chiu cao ng Bazomet, m

d: ng knh trong ca ng Bazomet, m; d = 0,4 m.
: h s ma st khi nc chy trong ng.

tnh ta tnh h s chun Re khi cht lng chy trong ng Bazomet:
Re
d B . n .
(II.58/377 [II]).
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 68
n mn hc QTTB
Vi: dB l ng knh ng dn, m

l tc nc chy trong ng baromet, = 0,5 m/s
n l khi lng ring ca nc tra theo ttb=35oC; n =995,06 kg/m3.
Theo bng I.251/314 [II]

l nht ca nc tra 35 oC: = 0,722.10-3N.s/m2
Re
0,5.995 ,06 .0,4

275639 ,89 10 4
3
0,722 .10
Vy ng barmet ch chy xoy ta dng cng thc sau tnh h s ma st:

6,81 0,9
2 lg

;
3,7
Re
(II.65/380 [I])
Trong : nhm tng i xc nh theo cng thc sau:
.
d td
(II.66/380 [I])
y l nhm tuyt i: =0,2mm theo bng II.15/381 [I]

dtd l ng knh tng i ca ng
0,2.10 3
5.10 4
0,4
6,81 0,9 5.10 4

2 lg

7,37
3,7
275639 ,89
0,184m.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 69
n mn hc QTTB
Nn: h2
0,52
H
2,5 0,184
0,032 5,86.103.H
2.9,81
0,4
Vy: H = h1 + h2 + 0,5 = 8+ 0,032 + 5,86.10-3.H + 0,5

H = 8,582 m ; ta chn H = 8,6m
Nhng trong thc t ngi ta ly chiu cao ca Bazomet l 10m.
IV.2 Tnh ton v chn bm
IV.2.1. Bm ly tm bm nc vo thit b Baromet:
Ta dng bm ly tm bm nc vo thit b v cng sut bm
c tnh theo cng thc:
N=
Q. .g .H
(kW)
1000
(II.189/439 [I])
Trong :
Q l nng sut ca bm, m3/s;
Q=
G n 168188,691
=
= 0,047 m3/s
3600 .995 ,06
l khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m3;

g l gia tc trng trng, m2/s;
H l p sut ton phn ca bm, m;
l hiu sut chung ca bm; ta c th chn = 0.85;
p sut ton phn ca bm c xc nh theo cng thc:
H=
P2 P1
+ H0 + hms , m;
.g
(II.185/438 [I])
Trong :
P1 v P2 l p sut trn b mt cht lng trong khng gian y v ht, N/m2;
P1= 0,2 at; P2=1 at
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 70
n mn hc QTTB
H0 l chiu cao nng cht lng, m

H0 = H h + H
Vi: Hh l chiu cao ht; H l chiu cao y
350C chiu cao ht thng l Hh = 5 m;
Chiu cao y = chiu cao ng barmet = 10 m
Vy H0 = 5 + 10 = 15 m;
hms l p sut tiu tn thng ton b tr lc trn ng ng ht v y, m;
Tnh hms:
2
l
hms
(m).
d
2.g
l chiu di ton b, l=25 m;
d l ng knh trong ca ng ht v y d =
4.W
.w.
W l lng nc trong ng; W= Gn = 168188,691 kg/h;

w l vn tc nc trong ng coi vn tc trong ng ht v y
bng nhau v bng w = 6 m/s
d =
4.168188,691
= 0,0998m
.6.995,06.3600
Vy dh = d = 0,1 m
-
l h s ma st; = 0,184 m
: tr lc chung.
Vn tc ca nc trong ng:
Tng tr lc:theo bng II.16/382 [I], ta c:
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Q
6m / s
0,785 .( 0,1) 2
Page 71
n mn hc QTTB
ca vo=0,5; ca ra=1
khuu ng (3 khuu) =1,16
( Bng N030/394 [I])
van tiu chun = 4,1.
(Bng N037/397 [I])
van chn = 0,5
(Bng N045/399 [I])
= 0,5 + 1 + 3.1,16 + 4,1 + 0,5 = 9,58
Vy: hms 0,184.
25
62
9,58
5,02m
0,1
2.9,81
Chnh lch p sut cui ng y v u ng ht:
Hc
P2 P1
( m)
.g
(0,2 1)9,81 .10 4

Hc
8,04 m
995 ,06 .9,81
p sut ton phn ca bm l:

Cng sut ca bm: N
H = 5,02 + 15 - 8,02 = 12 m
0,047 .12 .995 ,06 .9,81

6,48 KW
1000 .0,85
Cng sut ca ng c in: N dc
N
6,48
7.58 KW
tr . dc 0,9.0,95
(II.190/439 [I])
Ngi ta thng ly ng c c cng sut ln hn cng sut tnh ton trnh

hin tng qu ti.Chn h s d tr =1,2 ( bng II.33/440 [I]).
Suy ra:N= .Nc = 9,1KW
IV.2.2. Bm dung dch vo thng cao v:
Chn bm ly tm, dung dch bm ban u c nhit t0 = 200C v
Nng u l 8% khi KNO3 = 1049,4 kg/m3; KNO3 = 0,974.10-3Nm/s
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 72
n mn hc QTTB
Chn tc i trong ng ht v y l 1 m/s.

ng knh ng ht v y:
d=
4.G d
; G- lng dung dch u; G= 30000 kg/h;
.w.
d=
4.12000
= 0,1m
3,14.997,5.3600
C d = 0,1 m nn vn tc thc l 1,01m/s

Tnh H:
+ Tnh Hm:
2
l
H m
(m).
d
2.g
H s ma st c tnh qua ch chy Re:

Re
.d . dd 1,01 .0,1.1049 ,4
1,088 .10 5 10 4.
0,974 .10 3
Ch chy xoy, suy ra:

6,81 0,9

2 lg

3,7
Re
Ta c:
( II.65/380 [1]).
0,2.10 3
2.10 3.
3
100 .10
6,81 0,9 2.10 3
2 lg

6,3
5
3,7
1,088 .10
1
0,025
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 73
n mn hc QTTB
Tr lc chung: = 0,5 + 1 + 3.1,16 + 4,1 + 0,5 = 9,58

20
1,012
H m 0,025. 9,58
0,76m
0,1
2.9,81
+Chiu cao ca ng ht; Hh = 2 m;

+Chiu cao ca ng y;H = 10 m
+Mt thong cht lng ca thng cha v thng cao v c p sut tng ng nhau, nn
p sut ton phn ca bm l:
H = H+Hh+Hm= 2+10+0,76 = 12,82m
+ Cng sut ca bm:
N=
G d . . g .H
30000 .9,81 .12 ,76
=
= 1,23 KW
1000 .
1000 .0,85 .3600
+Cng sut ng c in:

Cng sut ca ng c in: N dc
N
1,23
1,44 KW II.190/439 [I]

tr . dc 0,9.0,95
Ngi ta thng ly ng c c cng sut ln hn cng sut tnh ton trnh

hin tng qu ti.Chn h s d tr =1,5 ( bng II.33/440 [I]).
Suy ra:N= .Nc = 2,16 KW.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 74
n mn hc QTTB
Ti Liu Tham Kho

1. GS, TSKH Nguyn Bin v tp th tc gi. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh
ha cht Tp 1 NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2006
2. GS, TSKH Nguyn Bin v tp th tc gi. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh
ha cht Tp 2 NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2006
3. Tp th tc gi. Bng tra cu qu trnh c hc truyn nhit- truyn khi.
NXB i hc quc gia TP. HCM, 2008.
4. I.L.IOPha. Thit k qu trnh thit b cng ngh ha hc. NXB Ha Hc
St.Peterburg, 1991.
Nhm 1- Lp DH10H1
Page 75

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NỘI DUNG. Đồ án cô đặc 3 nồi

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TRNG I HC B RA VNG TU

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

KHOA HA HC & CNTP

c lp- T do- Hnh phc

Xc nhn ca ging vin hng dn:

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

TNG QUAN V SN PHM ................................................................................ 6

Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3 .............................................................................. 6

Cc ng dng ca KNO3 ...................................................................................... 6

II. C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP C C .......................................... 7

La chn phng n thit k ............................................................................ 8

Thuyt minh s cng ngh ........................................................................... 9

BI V CC GI THUYT BAN U ....................................................... 11

II. TNH TON ............................................................................................................ 11

Xc nh tng lng hi th bc ra khi h thng ....................................... 11

S phn b hi th trong cc ni : ................................................................. 12

Nng dung dch tng ni: ....................................................................... 12

Tnh chnh lch p sut chung ca ton h thng ........................................ 13

Xc nh p sut, nhit hi t ca mi ni.............................................. 13

Tnh nhit v p sut hi th mi ni ....................................................... 15

Tnh tn tht nhit cho tng ni ................................................................ 16

II.7.1 Tn tht nhit do nhit (

II.7.2 Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh (): ................................................... 17

Tnh hiu s nhit hu ch trong ton h thng ....................................... 19

Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ............................................................... 21

II.10. Cc thng s k thut chnh ............................................................................ 26

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

II.10.1. Sc cng b mt ............................................................................................ 26

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

III.6. Mt bch ............................................................................................................... 56

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

TNG QUAN V SN PHM

Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3

Bng 1: Cc tnh cht vt l ca KNO3

Tinh th trong sut, khng mu

Nhit nng chy

32 mg/ 100ml ( 200C)

I.2. Cc ng dng ca KNO3

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

ng c tn la. N cng c s dng trong pho hoa nh bom khi ,

C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP C C

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

Dung dch t di chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc nh s chnh lch p

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

nhin t di ln trn ng truyn nhit v t trn xung di ng tun hon trung

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

TNH TON CNG NGH

Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm.

l lng hi th bc hi, kg/h

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho ton h thng:

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

Theo s liu ti ta c lng hi th bc ra ton h thng l :

W1, W2, W3 l lng hi th ca ni 1, ni 2, ni 3 kg/h.

Chn s phn b hi th theo t l : W1 : W2 :W3 = 1 : 1,1 : 1,2

W 1,2 25000 9090,91(kg / h)

II.3. Nng dung dch tng ni:

Vi xi l nng dung dch ti ni I

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

P = 12 0,2 = 11,8 (at)

GVHD: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Thng

Gi s p hiu s phn b sut hi t cc ni l: P1 : P2 : P3 = 4,183 : 2,043 : 1

Gi: Thi l nhit ca hi t ni th i