Acid Base Indicators compounds whose colors are sensitive to pH.

. Transition Interval the pH range over which an indicator changes color. pH Meter determines the pH of a solution by measuring the voltage between two electrodes that are placed in the solution. Titration the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration. Equivalence Point the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts. End Point the point in a titration at which an indicator changes color. Standard Solution the solution that contains the precisely known concentration of a solute. Primary Standard a highly purified solid compound used to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration.

CHAPTER 14: Acid Properties sour, some react with active metals and release hydrogen gas, react with bases to produce salts and water, conduct electric current. Binary Acid an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements. Oxyacid an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal. Base Properties bitter, slippery, react with acids to produce salts and water, conduct electricity. Arrhenius acid a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. Arrhenius base a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution. Strong Acid one that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. Weak Acid an acid that releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. Bronsted-Lowry Acid a molecule or ion that is a proton donor. Bronsted-Lowry Base a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor. Bronsted-Lowry Reaction protons are transferred from one reactant(theacid) to another(thebase). Monoprotic Acid an acid that can donate only one proton(hydrogen ion) per molecule. Polyprotic Acid an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. Lewis Acid an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Lewis Base an atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Lewis Reaction the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor. Conjugate Base the species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton. Conjugate Acid the species that is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton. Amphoteric any species that can react as either an acid or a base. Neutralization the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules. Salt an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid. CHAPTER 15: Self-ionization of Water when two water molecules produce a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion by transfer of a proton. pH the negative of the common logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+] pOH the negative of the logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-]