Code No.

: MTE 3105
LrsT oF FORMULAE rN STATTSTTCS (MTE 3105)
PROBABILITY

(1)

GeneralAdditionRule
P (A

(21

B) = P (A) + P

(B)-

P (A

n B)

General Multiplication Rule

P(AnB)=P(A)'P(B)
SAMPLING AND ESTIMATION THEORY

(1)

Standard error of the means (Samples drawn from a finite

population)

o- =(

-n

N-1

Where

o;
o
N
n
(2t

Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the means

Standard deviation of the population
Population size
Sample size

Standard error of the means (Samples drawn from a infinite

population)

o;= or

NN

(3)

Transformation to z-score

--x-lt
o

Where

Z
X
p
o

standardized score
value of variable
the mean of distribution
standard deviation of the distribution

Gode No. : MTE 3105

(4)

The confidence limit of the mean of sample from finite population

- zo lw-n
--+
^L

\,1/ -

-^t

"1"
(5)

The confidence limit of the mean of sample infinite population

y*

zo

------

"ln
(6)

The confidence limit of the mean value of the population

.F; L

pl

z,o,

Where

It;
zc
o;
(71

Mean of sampling distribution of means

Confidence coefficient / confidence level
Standard error of the means

The confidence limits of the standard deviation of the population

s*zocx
Where

(8)

Standard deviation of a sample

The confidence limits of the mean value of the population (based

on small sample size)

ts
c

vI

AL

"ln

-l

Where

tc
s
n

confidence coefficient of small sample size

standard deviation of a sample
sample size

Code No. : MTE 3105

CHI-SQUARE HYPOTHESIS TEST

(1)

When expected frequencies are eggi[

L-

k
Where

n
k

(21

Sum of all observed frequencies

Number of categories

When expected frequencies are not all equal

-E=hp
Where

n
p

(3)

Sum of all observed frequencies

Probability for the category

Ghi-Square Test Statistic

,, -rlio-D'l
ul E
'1'
-J

Where

O
E

Observed frequencies
Expected frequencies

ANALYSTS OF VARTANCE (ANOVA)

(1)

Test Statistic for One-Way ANOVA (Calculations with Equal

Sample Sizes)

- _ variancebetween samples
L=

variance within samples

Where
Variance between samples =nsx2{sx2 variance of sampte means)
Variance within samples = sp' (sp' pooled variance or the mean
of the sample variances)

Code No. : MTE 3105

(21

Test Statistic for One-Way ANOVA (Calculations with Unequal

Sample Sizes)

- _ variancebetween samples
L-

variance within samples

r-l

lZ',@,-')'I

'

lfrrl

r= L

I >,<",

- 1)'r,' I

L-t('q-r) l
Where

x
k
o;
X;
s1
(3)

mean of all sample scores combined

number of population means being compared
number of values in the lh sample
mean values in the /h sample
variance of values in the lh sample

Key Components of ANOVA Method

SS(Total)

=Z*'-tr')'
nr

SS(BetweD)=

(tr)'
Ir' -\L"t
L-t
nff

SS(Within) = SS(Total)

SS(Between)

Where

N
Ti
n

Total number of elements in all the groups

Sum of elements in each group
number of elements in each group

Code No. : MTE 3105

LINEAR REGRESSION

(1)

Prediction of equation in linear regression

V=bo+brx
where

br=

Z*'-(I')' Zv'- (Iv)'

and bo=i-b,i
(21

Coefficient of determination

R2

Z*'-(I")' Zv'-(Iv)'
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

(1)

Testing claims about a population standard deviation or variance

-, - (r- l)t'
^- o'
Where

n^
s'
o2
l2l

Testing claims about population mean based on small sample

using Student t-distribution

l=

(3)

sample size
sample variance
population variance (given in null hypothesis)

x-

u-

ax

t
4n

Testing claims about population mean based on big sample using

standard Normal distribution

x-

u-

t-

o
t-

4n

(4)

Testing a claim about a population proportion

==

F-

lpq

!;

Where

n
i,
p
q

number of trials

Ilsampleproportion)
n
population proportion (used in the null hyppthesis)

1-p

19

Code No. : MTE 3105

Standard Normal Distribution Table

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source:spiegel, M.R. and stephens, 1.J., sfafisfics

Hill Companies, lnc., Singapore.

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Edition;, Appendix ll, The McGraw-

Code No. : MTE 3105

Student's f Distribution Table

with v Degrees of Freedom
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Code No. : MTE 3105

Chi-Square Distribution Table
with v Degrees of Freedom
(shaded area = p)

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souree:spiegel, M.R. and stephens, L.J., sfafi.sflcs 13'd Edition;, Appendix lV, The McGrawHill Companies, lnc., Singapore.

Gode No. : MTE 3105

95th Percentile Values

for the F Distribution

(v1 degrees of freedom in numerator)
(v2 degrees of freedom in denominator)

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source:spiegel, M.R. and stephens, 1.J., sfaflsflcs

Hill Companies, lnc., Singapore.

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