MT S BI TP HA HC S DNG BIN LUN

Trong Ha hc c nhiu bi ton cn s dng n vic bin lun v thng l nhng bi tp gy kh khn cho cc th sinh trong cc k thi. Yu t bin lun c s dng a cc n cha bit v mt biu thc lin h hoc kp n trong mt khong xc nh, t th chn hoc kt lun v n. Chnh v vy n y thng l cc s nguyn, xut hin dng phn t khi, ha tr, ch s phn t, (lemongrass.31.08@gmail.com)

PHN I. BI TP
Bi 1. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken cn dng va 0,7 mol O2 , thu c 0,4 mol CO2 . Cng thc ca ankan l: A. C4 H10 B. C3 H 8 C. C2 H 6 D. CH 4 Bi 2. Oxi ha 9,6 gam ancol X n chc, bc 1 thnh axit tng ng bng O2. Ly ton b hn hp sau phn ng (hn hp Y) cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc). Hn hp Y tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH x M. Gi tr ca x l? A. 1 M B. 1,25 M C. 2,5 M D. 0,5 M Bi 3. phn ng ht a mol kim loi M cn 1,25 a mol H2SO4 v sinh ra kh X (sn phm kh duy nht). Ho tan ht 19,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch H2SO4 to ra 4,48 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht,kc). Kim loi M l? A. Fe B. Cu C. Mg D. Al Bi 4. Cho 0,1 mol CH3COOH vo cc cha 30ml dung dch ROH 20% (d = 1,2g/ml, R l mt kim loi nhm IA). C cn dung dch sau phn ng, ri t chy hon ton cht rn khan cn li. Sau khi t chy th cn li 9,54 gam cht rn v c m gam hn hp gm CO2 v hi nc bay ra. Gi tr ca m l: A. 7,54 gam B. 8,26 gam C. 9,3 gam D. 10,02 gam Bi 5. C 2 anken X, Y l ng ng lin tip nhau, trong MY > MX. Hidrat ha hn hp X, Y c H2SO4 lm xc tc, to ra hn hp gm 3 ancol. t chy hon ton 1,94 gam hn hp ancol thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Vy A. Y l but-2-en B. X l etilen C. Y l propen D. Y l isobuten Bi 6. Hn hp X gm 3 axit n chc mch h trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tiSYjPWD[LWNK{QJ QRFyPWOLrQN t i. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH. trung ha lng NaOH d cn 200ml dung dch HCl 1M v thu c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D thu c 52,58 gam cht rn khan E. t chy hon ton E ri hp th ton b sn phm kh v hi vo bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh tng 44,14 gam. Thnh phn % khi lng axit khng no l: A. 44,89 B. 48,19 C. 40,57 D. 36,28 Cu 7. t chy hon ton hai amin no n chc h l ng ng k tip thu c sn phm c VCO2 : VH 2O = 7 :13 . Nu cho 24,9 gam hn hp X tc dng va vi hn hp Y gm hai axit HCOOH v

CH 3COOH c t l s mol l 1:3 th khi lng mui thu c l: A. 54,6 B. 50,4 C. 58,8 D. 26,1 Cu 8. Khi thy phn 30,3 gam mt peptit A thu c 37,5 gam mt a - aminoaxit . A l A. Dipeptit B. Tripeptit C. Tetrapeptit D. Pentapeptit Cu 9. Cho hn hp X gm 2 amin n chc bc I c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 18,5. Bit mt amin c phn t khi nh hn c s mol nh hn 0,15. X tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c kt ta A. em A nung n khi lng khng i thi c 8 gam cht rn. Tng s mol kh v hi thu c sau khi t chy hon ton hn hp X l A. 1,38 B. 1,32 C. 1,44 D. 1,2
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Cu 10. Hn hp X gm imetyl amin v hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c, d th cn li 250 ml kh (Cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l? A. CH4 v C2H6 B. C2H6 v C3H8 C. C2H4 v C3H6 D. C3H6 v C4H8 Cu 11. Hn hp A gm 2 este ng phn n chc phn ng hon ton vi 0,03 mol NaOH thu c 1,76 gam cht rn trong c duy nht mt mui B (B c th phn ng vi Br2 to ra mui cacbonat). Hn hp sn phm hu c cn li gm 1 ancol v 1 andehit u n chc phn ng vi khng n 0,03 mol Br2 . Nu cho X phn ng trng bc th thu c 2,16 gam Ag . t chy A thu c 8,8 gam CO2 cn V lt O2 ktc. Gi tr ca V l A. 20,16 B. 5,04 C. 4,48 D. 5,6 Cu 12. t chy hon ton 1 este n chc h X th c nhn xt nCO2 : nO2 = 8 : 9 . X phn ng c vi khng qu 72 gam brom khan. Nu cho m gam X vo 300 ml dung dch KOH 0,9M ri c cn dung dch thu c 28,62 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 22 B. 22,68 C. 21,5 D. 20,5 Cu 13. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp K 2CO3 (kali cacbonat) v X 2CO3 vo nc ch thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X v nung 400o C n khi lng khng i thu c 10,2 gam cht rn B. Gi tr ca m l: A. 3,8 gam B. 7,4 gam C. 21,72 gam D. 17,8 gam Cu 14. Cho 24,8 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim th R v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 55,5 gam mui khan. Ha tan 19,84 gam X vo H 2O d ri cho tc dng vi Al d th tng s mol H 2 thu c sau phn ng l A. 1,2 B. 1,36 C. 1,5 D. 1,66 Cu 15. t chy hon ton 6,72 gam kim loi M vi oxi thu c 9,28 gam cht rn. Nu cho 5,04 gam M tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X v kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Th tch NO (ktc) thu c l: A. 1,344 lt B. 2,016 lt C. 1,792 lt D. 2,24 lt Cu 16. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hh A gm etan v mt ankin (u th kh) c t l s mol l 1:1. Thm oxi vo bnh th c hn hp kh B c t khi so vi H 2 l 18. t chy hon ton hn hp B sau a v 0o C thy hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi H 2 l 21,4665. Cng thc ankin l: A. C2 H 2 B. C3 H 4 C. C4 H 6 D. C5 H 8 Cu 17. Hn hp A gm bt Al v M. Ha tan hon ton 8,6 gam A bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Nu nung nng 17,2 gam A trong khng kh th thu c cht rn nng 20,4 gam. Ly 17,2 gam A tc dng va vi H 2 SO4 c, nng thu c V lt (ktc) kh SO2 duy nht v dung dch B. Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V l: A. 13,44 lt B. 22,4 lt C. 16,8 lt D. 26,88 lt Cu 18. Cho V1 lt hn hp A gm N2 v NO c s mol bng nhau, V2 lt hn hp B gm hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. Bit V1 + V2 = 1. Ly V1 lt hn hp A v 0,4V2 lt hn hp B t chy va th thu c hn hp sn phm C gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho C i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c d th cn li 1 lt kh D. Nu cho D i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th tng th kh thot ra v th tch b hp th bi axit sunfuric trn l 1,2 lt. Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l A. CH 4 v C2 H 6 B. C2 H 6 v C3 H 8 C. C2 H 4 v C3 H 6 D. C3 H 6 v C4 H 8 Cu 19. Cho 0,9 gam bt n cht M tc dng vi lng d dung dch H 2 SO4 c, nng d thu c kh X (bit SO2 l sn phm kh). Thu ton b kh X vo dung dch Ca (OH ) 2 d thy xut hin 25,5 gam kt ta. Nu cho 0,18 gam M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng d th th tch kh Y thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu (bit NO2 l sn phm kh duy nht)?
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A.1,12 lt B. 1,68 lt C.1,904 lt D. 2,24 lt Cu 20. t chy hon ton 4,4 gam sunfua ca kim loi M (cng thc MS) trong oxi d. Cht rn sau phn ng em ho tan trong 1 lng va dung dch HNO3 37,8% thy nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch thu c l 41,72%. Khi lm lnh dung dch ny th thot ra 8,08 gam mui rn. Lc tch mui rn thy nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch l 34,7%. Cng thc mui rn tch ra sau phn ng l A.Fe(NO3)2.9H2O B.Cu(NO3)2.5H2O C.Fe(NO3)3.9H2O D. A, B, C u sai. Cu 21. Hp cht A to bi kim loi M c ha tr khng i v lu hunh. Ly 13 gam A chia lm hai phn khng bng nhau: *Phn 1: tc dng vi O2 to kh B. *Phn 2: tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to kh C. Trn B v C thu c 7,68 gam kt ta vng v cn li cht kh m khi tc dng vi dung dch nc clo to dung dch D. Cho D tc dng AgNO3 thu c 22,96 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. ZnS B. Al2 S3 C. MgS D. CdS Cu 22. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp M gm ancol X, axit cacboxylic Y v este Z (u no, n chc, mch h v Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon) cn dng va 12,32 lt O2 (ktc), sinh ra 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Cng thc ca Y l: A. HCOOH B. CH3CH2COOH C. CH3CH2CH2COOH D. CH3COOH Cu 23. Hn hp M gm xeton X v anken Y. t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng va 12,32 lt O2 (ktc), sinh ra 8,96 lt CO2 v 7,2 gam H2O. CTCT thu gn ca X l: A. CH3COCH3 B. CH3COCH2CH3 C. CH3COCH2COCH3 D. CH3CH2COCH3 Bi 24. X phng ho mt este no n chc mch h X bng 0,6 mol MOH (M l kim loi kim) thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y v t cht rn thu c trong kh O2 d, n phn ng hon ton to ra 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc), a gam H2O v 31,8 gam mui. Gi tr ca a khng th l? A. 7,2 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 5,4 gam D. 10,8 gam. m Bi 25. Ly m gam kim loi M hoc gam mui sunfua ca n tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c nng d th 2 u thot ra kh NO2 (duy nht) vi th tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc ca mui sunfua trn? A. FeS B. MgS C. Cu2S D. CuS Bi 26. Ly 22,35 gam hn hp mui clorua ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B (A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 43,05 gam kt ta. A, B ln lt l? A. K v Sr B. Rb v Ca C. Na v Ca D. K v Mg Cu 27. Thy phn este E thu c axit cacboxylic A v hn hp B gm hai ancol n chc l ng ng k tip ca nhau. X phng ha hon ton 3,65 gam E cn va ng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c m gam mui v x gam ancol B. Gi tr ca m l? A. 3,4 B. 4,8 C. 4,1 D. 3,7 Bi 28. Hn hp X gm Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO v Cn H 2 m +1CH 2OH (u mch h v m, n l cc s nguyn). Cho X phn ng va vi khng n 3,2 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc ton b lng X trn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH 3 , kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag . t chy hon ton Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO th th tch oxi cn dng l: A. 0,56 lt B. 0,224 lt C. (0,336n + 0,28) lt D. 1,12 lt Bi 29. Ha tan 160 gam hn hp A gm AlCl3 , FeCl2 , FeCl3 vo nc c dung dch B. Chia dung dch B lm hai phn nh nhau. in phn phn 1 trong 77200 giy bng dng in 2 A. Thm t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch sau in phn thy khng xut hin kt ta. Cho 1,68 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo phn 2 thu c m gam kt ta Al (OH )3 . Gi tr nh nht ca m gn vi gi tr no sau y nht?
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A. 6,204 gam B. 21,84 gam C. 25,74 gam D. 23,4 gam Bi 30. Cho 28,8 gam mt oxit A ca kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,82 lt hn hp kh N 2O v NO c t s hi so vi hidro l 230/13. Oxit kim loi A l: A. FeO B. MnO C. Fe3O4 D. p n khc o Bi 31. Mt hn hp X o 82 C, 1 atm gm anken A v hidro c t l th tch tng ng l 1:1. Cho X qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y (hiu sut H%). Bit t khi hi ca Y so vi H 2 l 23,2. Cng thc no ca A khng ng: A. C3 H 6 B. C4 H 8 C. C5 H10 D. C6 H12 Bi 33. Cho 9,6 gam kim loi R tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HNO3 c mol/lt va , thu c 2,24 lt kh A (l kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 59,2 gam mui khan. A khng th l kh no sau y? A. N 2O B. N 2 C. NO D. NO2 Bi 34. Cho 13,32 mol hn hp Zn v ZnO tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 0,38 mol H 2 SO4 thu c mt sn phm duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol sn phm kh thu c l: A. 0,19 B. 0,18 C. 0,16 D. 0,20 Bi 35. Cho 12,4 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 27,75 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l A. Ba B. Mg C. Ca D. Sr Bi 36. Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol HNO3 ( x : y = 16 : 61 ) thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui nitrat. S mol e do lng st trn nhng l khi b ha tan l: A. y B. 3x C. 2x D. 0,75y Bi 37. Cho 11,15 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi Al v kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn ng thu ch c dung dch B v V lt kh (ktc). Cho t t n 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch B. Trong qu trnh thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 15,6 gam, sau kt ta tan mt phn. Kim loi kim l: A. Ba B. Na C. K D. Khng d kin Bi 38. Hn hp X gm Cn H 2 n -1CHO,Cn H 2 n -1COOH ,Cn H 2 n -1CH 2OH (u mch h, n nguyn dng). Cho 2,8 gam X phn ng va vi 8,8 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH 3 , kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag . Phn trm khi lng ca

Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l:
A. 26,63% B. 22,22% C. 20,00% D. 16,42% Bi 39. un 0,4 mol hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip trong dy ng ng bng dung dch H 2 SO4 140o C thu c 7,704 g hn hp 3 ete. Tham gia phn ngs ete ho c 50% s mol ancol c khi lng phn t ln v 40% ancol c khi lng phn t nh. Xc nh cng thc hai ancol. A. Metylic v etylic B. etylic v n-propylic C. n-propylic v n-butylic D. propan-2-ol v butan-2-ol Bi 40. Oxi ha 38 gam hn hp propanal, ancol A no n chc bc 1 v este B (to bi mt axit ng ng ca axit acrylic v ancol A) c hn hp X gm axit v este. Mt khc, cho lng X phn ng vi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 1,5M th sau phn ng trung ha ht NaOH d cn 0,15 mol HCl c dung dch D. C cn D c hi cht hu c E, cn li 62,775 gam hn hp mui. Cho E tch nc 140o C ( H 2 SO4 c xc tc) c F c t khi vi E l 1,61. A v B ln lt l: A. C2 H 5OH v C3 H 5COOC2 H 5 B. CH 3OH v C3 H 5COOCH 3 C. CH 3OH v C4 H 7COOCH 3 D. C2 H 5OH v C4 H 7COOC2 H 5

(Ch . Ti liu gm c 2 phn: Phn I. Bi tp v Phn II. Li gii chi tit)

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PHN II. LI GII CHI TIT

Bi 1. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken cn dng va 0,7 mol O2 , thu c 0,4 mol CO2 . Cng thc ca ankan l: A. C4 H10 B. C3 H 8 C. C2 H 6 D. CH 4 Gii. Bo ton oxi ta tnh c: nH 2O = 0, 6(mol ) t CTPT trung bnh ca hn hp Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k ( 0 < k < 1 ). Phn ng chy

Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k nCO2 + (n + 1 - k ) H 2O
Ta c

n + 1 - k 0, 6 = n + 2k = 2 . Suy ra n < 2, m anken lun c s C ln hn hoc bng 2 nn ankan n 0, 4

trong X ch c 1 C. Vy cng thc ca ankan l CH 4 . Bi 2. Oxi ha 9,6 gam ancol X n chc, bc 1 thnh axit tng ng bng O2. Ly ton b hn hp sau phn ng (hn hp Y) cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc). Hn hp Y tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH x M. Gi tr ca x l? A. 1 M B. 1,25 M C. 2,5 M D. 0,5 M Gii. 9, 6 9, 6 < M ancol < D dng c: . Suy ra ancol l CH 3OH . 0,5 0, 25 9, 6 5, 6 (1) v a + 2b + c, = .2(2) Ta c h phng trnh a + b + c = 32 22, 4 (a l s mol ru bin thnh andehit, b l s mol ru bin thnh axit, c la s mol ru d). Suy ra c = 0, 2; x = 1 Bi 3. phn ng ht a mol kim loi M cn 1,25 a mol H2SO4 v sinh ra kh X (sn phm kh duy nht). Ho tan ht 19,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch H2SO4 to ra 4,48 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht,kc). Kim loi M l? A. Fe B. Cu C. Mg D. Al Gii. 19, 2 19, 2 24 = S mol kim loi M l x = . Suy ra s mol H2SO4 cn dng l nH 2 SO4 = 1, 25 x = 1, 25. M M M 2 M + H 2 SO4 M 2 ( SO4 ) n + SO2 + H 2O
19,2 M 24 M 9,6 M

Bo ton nguyn t S:

9, 6n 24 = - 0, 2 M = 120 - 48n M M

n = 1 th M = 72 : loi n = 2 th M = 24 l Mg. Chn cu C Bi 4. Cho 0,1 mol CH3COOH vo cc cha 30ml dung dch ROH 20% (d = 1,2g/ml, R l mt kim loi nhm IA). C cn dung dch sau phn ng, ri t chy hon ton cht rn khan cn li. Sau khi t chy th cn li 9,54 gam cht rn v c m gam hn hp gm CO2 v hi nc bay ra. Gi tr ca m l: A. 7,54 gam B. 8,26 gam C. 9,3 gam D. 10,02 gam Gii. Cht rn thu c sau khi chy l R2CO3. Khi lng R - OH l mROH = 30.1, 2.0, 2 = 7, 2 gam 2R-OH R2CO3 a-------------0,5a 7, 2 9,54 = R = 23 l Na , v a = 0,18 Suy ra R + 17 2 R + 60
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CH3COOH + NaOH CH3-COONa + H2O 0,1----------0,1-----------0,1 Vy cn 0,08 mol NaOH d C2H3O2Na 1,5 CO2 + 1,5 H2O + 0,5 Na2CO3 0,1---------------0,15------0,15 2 NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O 0,08-----0,04-----------------0,04 Suy ra s mol CO2 l nCO2 = 0,15 - 0, 04 = 0,11 mCO2 = 44.0,11 = 4,84 S mol nc l nH 2O = 0,15 + 0, 04 = 0,19 mH 2O = 18.0,19 = 3, 42 Vy m = mCO2 + mH2O = 8,26. Chn cu B. Bi 5. C 2 anken X, Y l ng ng lin tip nhau, trong MY > MX. Hidrat ha hn hp X, Y c H2SO4 lm xc tc, to ra hn hp gm 3 ancol. t chy hon ton 1,94 gam hn hp ancol thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Vy A. Y l but-2-en B. X l etilen C. Y l propen D. Y l isobuten Gii. Ta c nCO2 = 0,1 mol 0,1 (mol ) 14n + 18 = 19.4n n = 4 / 3 CTTQ ca 2 ancol: CnH2n+2O. Suy ra nancol = n Hai anken l ng ng k tip nn X: C3H6, Y: C4H8 CTCT ca X phi l: CH 2 = CH - CH 3 , phn ng hidrat ha to 2 ancol. Vy hirat ho Y to 1 ancol Suy ra CTCT ca Y l CH 3 - CH = CH - CH 3 Y : but - 2 - en . p n A Bi 6. Hn hp X gm 3 axit n chc mch h trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip v mt axit khng no c mt lin kt i. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH. trung ha lng NaOH d cn 200ml dung dch HCl 1M v thu c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D thu c 52,58 gam cht rn khan E. t chy hon ton E ri hp th ton b sn phm kh v hi vo bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh tng 44,14 gam. Thnh phn % khi lng axit khng no l: A. 44,89 B. 48,19 C. 40,57 D. 36,28 Gii. Ta c naxit = 0, 7 - 0, 2 = 0,5mol

mmuoi.huu .co = 52,58 - 0, 2.58,5 = 40,88 g maxit = 40,88 - 0,5.22 = 29,88 Quy i axit v C v H, gi x l y l s mol C v H c trong hn hp axit. T gi thit v khi lng hn hp axit v khi lng bnh NaOH tng, ta c x + 12 y + 0,5.32 = 29,88 0,5.18 x + 44 y - 0,5.0,5.18 - 0,5.0,5.44 = 44,14 Gii h ta c x = 1.64, y = 1, 02 Vy s nguyn t H trung bnh l: 1, 64 : 0,5 = 3, 28 Vy y l hn hp ca HCOOH , CH 3COOH , Cn H 2 n - 2O2 1, 64 = 0, 2mol Ta c: nCn H 2 n-2O2 = 1, 02 2 S mol 2 axit no l 0,5 - 0, 2 = 0,3 Ta c axit no chy to lng CO2 nCO2 (1) > 0,3.1 = 0,3
Vy axit khng no chy tolng CO2 nCO2 (2) < 1, 02 - 0,3 = 0, 72
0, 72 = 3.6 vy ch c axit acrylic (n = 3) l tha mn. 0, 2 0, 2.72 = 48,19% Vy phn trm axit khng no l: 29,88

Vy : n <

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Cu 7. t chy hon ton hai amin no n chc h l ng ng k tip thu c sn phm c VCO2 : VH 2O = 7 :13 . Nu cho 24,9 gam hn hp X tc dng va vi hn hp Y gm hai axit HCOOH v

CH 3COOH c t l s mol l 1:3 th khi lng mui thu c l: A. 54,6 B. 50,4 C. 58,8

D. 26,1 2n 7 Gii. Gi CTPT trung bnh ca hai amin l Cn H 2 n +3 N . T phn ng chy suy ra = n = 1, 75 2n + 3 13 . Suy ra CTPT trung bnh l C1,75 H 6,5 N hay RNH 2 vi R = 25,5. v nRNH 2 = 0, 6 CTPT trung bnh ca hn hp Y l R ' COOH vi R ' =

Phn ng: RNH 2 + R ' COOH RNH 3OOCR ' Suy ra m = 0, 6(25,5 + 61 + 11,5) = 58,8 Cu 8. Khi thy phn 30,3 gam mt peptit A thu c 37,5 gam mt a - aminoaxit . A l A. Dipeptit B. Tripeptit C. Tetrapeptit D. Pentapeptit 37,5 - 30,3 = 0, 4(mol ). CTCT ca A l H [ HNRCO ]n OH . Gii. Bo ton khi lng suy ra nH 2O = 18 Phn ng xy ra: H [ HNRCO ]n OH + (n - 1) H 2O nNH 2 RCOOH 0, 4n 37,5 = n(37, 25 - R ) = 93, 75 n(32, 75 - 14m) = 93, 75 Suy ra n - 1 61 + R Do 14m < 32, 75 v m nguyn nn m = 1 hoc m = 2. Th chn suy ra m = 1, n = 5. p n D. Cu 9. Cho hn hp X gm 2 amin n chc bc I c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 18,5. Bit mt amin c phn t khi nh hn c s mol nh hn 0,15. X tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c kt ta A. em A nung n khi lng khng i thi c 8 gam cht rn. Tng s mol kh v hi thu c sau khi t chy hon ton hn hp X l A. 1,38 B. 1,32 C. 1,44 D. 1,2 Gii. Khi lng PT trung bnh ca X: M = 37 . Suy ra c 1 amin l CH 5 N (= 31) T phn ng vi FeCl3 , d dng suy ra namin = 0,3. Gi x, y, M ln lt l s mol ca hai amin v khi lng phn t ca amin c PTK ln hn. ( y > 0,15; M 37) x.31 + y.M = 37 1,8 = y ( M - 31) > 0,15( M - 31) M < 43 Suy ra: M = x+ y Vy M = 41. Amin cn li l CH C - NH 2 . Suy ra y = 0,18; x = 0,12, d dng tnh c tng s mol kh l 1,2. Cu 10. Hn hp X gm imetyl amin v hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c, d th cn li 250 ml kh (Cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l? A. CH 4 v C2 H 6 C. C2 H 6 v C3 H 8 B. C2 H 4 v C3 H 6 D. C3 H 6 v C4 H 8 Gii. t cng thc phn t trung bnh ca hai hidrocacbon l Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k (do hai hidrocacbon ng ng nn

1.1 + 3.5 = 11,5 4

k N)
Gi s c x mol C2 H 7 N v y mol Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k T bi suy ra c V( CO2 + N2 ) = 250(ml ) v VH 2O = 300(ml )
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Ta c

n( CO2 + N2 ) nX
nH 2O nX

2x +

x + ny 250 2 = = 2,5 n = 2,5 . Do hai hidrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nn cc x+ y 100

hidrocacbon c 2 C v 3 C. Li c
=
7 2

x + n +1- k y x+ y

300 1 x = 3 x + n - 2 - k y = 0 0,5 - k = - < 0 k > 0,5 100 2 y

Kt lun. Hai hidrocacbon l anken: C2 H 4 v C3 H 6 Cu 11. Hn hp A gm 2 este ng phn n chc phn ng hon ton vi 0,03 mol NaOH thu c 1,76 gam cht rn trong c duy nht mt mui B (B c th phn ng vi Br2 to ra mui cacbonat). Hn hp sn phm hu c cn li gm 1 ancol v 1 andehit u n chc phn ng vi khng n 0,03 mol Br2 . Nu cho X phn ng trng bc th thu c 2,16 gam Ag . t chy A thu c 8,8 gam CO2 cn V lt O2 ktc. Gi tr ca V l A. 20,16 B. 5,04 C. 4,48 D. 5,6 Gii. B l HCOONa. Gi x l s mol mui HCOONa, ta c 68 x + 40(0, 03 - x) = 1, 76 x = 0, 02 neste = 0, 02 Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca andehit v ancol, suy ra a + b = neste = 0, 02 Do hai este ng phn nen ancol v andehit c cng s lin kt p . Gi k l s lin kt p c trong mt phn t ancol v andehit, th k (a + b) < 0, 03 k < 1,5 k = 1 Li c nC = 4 nn CTPT ca A l C4 H 6O2 . D dng tnh c p n A. Cu 12. t chy hon ton 1 este n chc h X th c nhn xt nCO2 : nO2 = 8 : 9 . X phn ng c vi khng qu 72 gam brom khan. Nu cho m gam X vo 300 ml dung dch KOH 0,9M ri c cn dung dch thu c 28,62 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 22 B. 22,68 C. 21,5 D. 20,5 n Gii. Ta c nbrom = 0, 45 brom < 3. Gi k l s lin kt p c trong phn t este, suy ra 1 < k < 4 neste k {2;3} 3n - 1 - k 9 = 3n = 4(k + 1) 3 k = 2; n = 4 . Este l C4 H 6O2 PTP chy suy ra 2n 8 Ta li c nKOH = 0, 27(mol ) *TH1. Nu KOH phn ng ht. Cc mui c th to ra l HCOOK , CH 3COOK , C2 H 3COOK u c khi lng khc 28,62 gam *TH2. KOH d. Gi x l s mol este phn ng x( R + 83) + (0, 27 - x).56 = 28, 62 13,5 = 50 x( R + 27) = 13,5 . Do x < 0, 27 R + 27 > 0, 27 R > 23 R = C2 H 3 (V phn t c mt lin kt i gc cacbon) R = 27; x = 0, 025; m = 21,5 gam Bi tp tng t. t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt p nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,56 B. 7,20 C. 8,88 D. 6,66 Cu 13. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp K 2CO3 (kali cacbonat) v X 2CO3 vo nc ch thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X v nung 400o C n khi lng khng i thu c 10,2 gam cht rn B. Gi tr ca m l:
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A. 3,8 gam B. 7,4 gam C. 21,72 gam D. 17,8 gam Gii. V X 2CO3 tan trong nc nn phi l mui ca kim loi kim hoc amoni. Nu l X 2CO3 l mui ca kim loi kim. Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca cc mui.

x + y = 0, 2 Ta c h . H ny v nghim v 2( x + y ).46 = 18, 4 > 10, 2 2x.(39 + 46) + 2 y.( M + 46) = 10, 2 Vy X 2CO3 l ( NH 4 ) 2 CO3 . Suy ra cht rn B ch l KNO2 .
T d dng tnh c: K 2CO3 0,06 mol; ( NH 4 ) 2 CO3 0,14 mol. Suy ra m = 21,72 gam Cu 14. Cho 24,8 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim th R v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 55,5 gam mui khan. Ha tan 19,84 gam X vo H 2O d ri cho tc dng vi Al d th tng s mol

H 2 thu c sau phn ng l A. 1,2 B. 1,36 C. 1,5 Gii. R + 2 HCl RCl2 + H 2 ; RO + 2 HCl RCl2 + H 2
x 2x

D. 1,66

2y

x.R + y.( R + 16) = 24,8 (1) Suy ra ( x + y )( R + 71) = 55,5 (2) 71x + 55 y = 31, 7 (Tr (1) cho (2)) 31, 7 31, 7 55,5 55,5 < x+ y < 55. = 96, 29 < R + 71 < .71 = 124,30 71 55 31, 7 31, 7 R = Ca (40) 40x + 56 y = 24,8 (1') x = 0, 2 Ta c h (2 ') x + y = 0,5 y = 0,3 Trong 18,94 gam X c 0,16 mol Ca v 0,24 mol CaO, phn ng to ra tng cng 1,36 mol H 2 Cch khc. Cc bn c th gi s hn hp ch c kim loi hoc ch c oxit cng tm c khong gi tr ca R. T suy ra R = Ca (40) Cu 15. t chy hon ton 6,72 gam kim loi M vi oxi thu c 9,28 gam cht rn. Nu cho 5,04 gam M tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X v kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Th tch NO (ktc) thu c l: A. 1,344 lt B. 2,016 lt C. 1,792 lt D. 2,24 lt Gii. Gi n l s oxi ha ca M khi phn ng vi oxi, suy ra M = 21n . Vi n nguyn th khng c kim loi tha mn, do M l Fe vi n = 8 / 3 T d dng xc nh c nNO = nFe = 0, 09mol
Cu 16. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hh A gm etan v mt ankin (u th kh) c t l s mol l 1:1. Thm oxi vo bnh th c hn hp kh B c t khi so vi H 2 l 18. t chy hon ton hn hp B sau a v 0o C thy hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi H 2 l 21,4665. Cng thc ankin l: A. C2 H 2 B. C3 H 4 C. C4 H 6 D. C5 H 8 Gii. Ankin th kh, do c s nguyn t C nh hn 5. t: C2 H 6 : a mol; Cn H 2 n - 2 : a mol; O2 : b mol. Gi hn hp sau khi t l hn hp C ta c: MB.nB = MC.nC nB : nC = M C : M B = 21, 4665 :18 = 1, 2 Chn: nB = 1, 2mol suy ra mB = 18.2.1, 2 = 43, 2( gam) Ta c: 2a + b = 1, 2(1) v 30a + (14n - 2)a + 32b = 43, 2(2) .T (2) suy ra

14na - 36a + 32.(2a + b) = 43, 2 14na - 36a + 32.1, 2 = 43, 2 14na - 36a = 4,8 a =
M 2a < 1, 2 suy ra a < 0, 6 hay

2, 4 7 n - 18

2, 4 < 0, 6 7 n - 18 > 4 n > 3,14 7 n - 18

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Vy n = 4 . Suy ra ankin l C4 H 6 . Cu 17. Hn hp A gm bt Al v M. Ha tan hon ton 8,6 gam A bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Nu nung nng 17,2 gam A trong khng kh th thu c cht rn nng 20,4 gam. Ly 17,2 gam A tc dng va vi H 2 SO4 c, nng thu c V lt (ktc) kh SO2 duy nht v dung dch B. Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V l: A. 13,44 lt B. 22,4 lt C. 16,8 lt D. 26,88 lt Gii. - Nu M l kim loi ng trc H: nH 2 = 0,3mol , suy ra s mol e trao i ne = 0, 6(mol ) , suy ra nO 2 = 2.0, 6 : 4 = 0,3(mol ) . Khi lng cht rn thu c m = 17, 2 + 32.0,3 = 26,8 gam > 20, 4 gam (loi). - Nu M l kim loi ng sau H: nH 2 = 0,3mol , suy ra s mol Al trong 8,6 gam A l nAl = 0, 2mol mcht rn > mAl2O3 = 0,2.102 = 20,4 gam (loi). Vy M phi l phi kim, khi nung vi O2 th to oxit l cht kh. V A tc dng vi H 2 SO4 c, nng ch thu c SO2 duy nht M l S . D dng tnh c trong 17,2 gam A cha 0,4 mol Al v 0,2 mol S . n Suy ra: S mol e trao i: ne = 0, 4.3 + 0, 2.4 = 2(mol ) nSO2 = e + nS = 1, 2 mol 2 Cu 18. Cho V1 lt hn hp A gm N2 v NO c s mol bng nhau, V2 lt hn hp B gm hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. Bit V1 + V2 = 1. Ly V1 lt hn hp A v 0,4V2 lt hn hp B t chy va th thu c hn hp sn phm C gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho C i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c d th cn li 1 lt kh D. Nu cho D i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th tng th kh thot ra v th tch b hp th bi axit sunfuric trn l 1,2 lt. Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l A. CH 4 v C2 H 6 B. C2 H 6 v C3 H 8 C. C2 H 4 v C3 H 6 D. C3 H 6 v C4 H 8 Gii. Gi s c y mol N 2 v y mol NO trong V1 lt A; z mol Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k ( k nguyn dng, n > 0 ) Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s 2 y + z = 1 Phn ng t chy to ra y mol N 2 v y mol NO2 cng 0, 4nz mol CO2 v 0, 4(n + 1 - k ) z mol H 2O 0, 4nz + 2 y = 1:1 . Suy ra n = 2,5. Suy ra 2y + z Ta li c NO2 v CO2 b hp th bi dung dch Ca (OH ) 2 nn

y + 0, 4.2,5.z + 0, 4 z - 0, 4kz = 1, 2 y + 1, 4 z - 0, 4kz = 2, 4 y + 1, 2 z 2y + z 1, 4 y + z (-0, 2 + 0, 4k ) = 0 0, 4k - 0, 2 < 0 k < 0,5 k = 0. Vy chn p n B Cu 19. Cho 0,9 gam bt n cht M tc dng vi lng d dung dch H 2 SO4 c, nng d thu c kh X
(bit SO2 l sn phm kh). Thu ton b kh X vo dung dch Ca (OH ) 2 d thy xut hin 25,5 gam kt ta. Nu cho 0,18 gam M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng d th th tch kh Y thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu (bit NO2 l sn phm kh duy nht)? A.1,12 lt B. 1,68 lt C.1,904 lt D. 2,24 lt Gii. Gi s kh A l SO2 duy nht. 25,5 = 0, 2125 mol nSO2 = 0, 2125 mol - Nu M l kim loi nCaSO3 = 120 S mol e trao i = 0,2125.2 = 0,425 mol

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0,9 = 2,12n Loi 2.0,2125 n - Nu M l S: S + 2 H 2 SO4 3SO2 + 2 H 2O 3.0,9 = 0, 084375 < 0, 2125 mol Loi D thy nSO2 = 3nS = 32 Vy A phi c kh khc. V SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht nn kh cn li phi l hp cht ca M . D dng xc nh c M l Cacbon. C + 2 H 2 SO4 CO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H 2O n C = 0,015 n CO2 = 0,015 mol; n SO2 = 0,03 mol m(kt ta) = 0,015.100 + 0,03.120 = 5,1 (ph hp vi bi) C + 4 HNO3 CO - 2 + 4 NO2 + 2 H 2O nY = nCO2 + nNO2 = 0, 015 + 4.0, 015 = 0, 075 mol V = 1,68 lt
D thy M = Cu 20. t chy hon ton 4,4 gam sunfua ca kim loi M (cng thc MS) trong oxi d. Cht rn sau phn ng em ho tan trong 1 lng va dung dch HNO3 37,8% thy nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch thu c l 41,72%. Khi lm lnh dung dch ny th thot ra 8,08 gam mui rn. Lc tch mui rn thy nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch l 34,7%. Cng thc mui rn tch ra sau phn ng l A.Fe(NO3)2.9H2O B.Cu(NO3)2.5H2O C.Fe(NO3)3.9H2O D. A, B, C u sai. Gii. V O2 d do oxit s c dng M 2On .

M 2On + 2nHNO3 2 M ( NO3 ) n + nH 2O 1(mol)---2n(mol)------2(mol)

2n.63 1045n = 2M + (g) 0,378 3 M = 56 2 M + 124n 56n Ta c = 0, 4172 M = Fe( NO3 )3 1045n 3 n = 3 2M + 3 0,15.63 = 29( g ) Ta c. nFeS = nFe ( NO3 )3 = 0, 05(mol ) msau = 4 + 0,378 Sau khi lm lnh mdd = 20,92( g ) mFe ( NO3 )3 = 7, 2594 nFe ( NO3 )3 = 0, 03(mol ) nFe.trong .muoi = 0, 02(mol )
Ta c khi lng dung dch sau msau = 2 M + 15n +

8, 08 = 404 Fe( NO3 )3 .9 H 2O 0, 02 Cu 21. Hp cht A to bi kim loi M c ha tr khng i v lu hunh. Ly 13 gam A chia lm hai phn khng bng nhau: *Phn 1: tc dng vi O2 to kh B. *Phn 2: tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to kh C. Trn B v C thu c 7,68 gam kt ta vng v cn li cht kh m khi tc dng vi dung dch nc clo to dung dch D. Cho D tc dng AgNO3 thu c 22,96 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. ZnS B. Al2 S3 C. MgS D. CdS mmuoi =
Gii. Gi CTPT ca mui l M 2 S n Kt ta vng l S, kh cn li tc dng c vi nc clo l H 2 S hoc SO2 d

2 H 2 S + SO2 3S + 2 H 2O 0,16--0,08-----0,24---0,16 H 2 S + 3Cl2 + 4 H 2O H 2 SO4 + 6 HCl hoc SO2 + Cl2 + 2 H 2O H 2 SO4 + 2 HCl

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Suy ra nHCl = nAgCl = 0,16 *Nu kh sau (1) l H 2 S th nH 2 S = 0, 02 + 0,16 , dn ti s mol nguyn t S trong A l

13 .n = 0,18 + 0, 06 2 M + 32n Suy ra M = 9n . Xt n vi cc gi tr 1,2,3 suy ra M = Al , n = 3 *Nu kh sau (1) l SO2 th nSO2 = 0, 08 + 0, 08 13 69 .n = 0,16 + 0,16 .Suy ra M = n , khng c gi tr no ph hp vi M , n 2 M + 32n 16 Vy chn p n B.
Tng t ra c Cu 22. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp M gm ancol X, axit cacboxylic Y v este Z (u no, n chc, mch h v Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon) cn dng va 12,32 lt O2 (ktc), sinh ra 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Cng thc ca Y l: A. HCOOH B. CH3CH2COOH C. CH3CH2CH2COOH D. CH3COOH Gii. Do Y, Z cng s C nn Y, Z ng phn. Gi CTPT ca X, Y ln lt l Cm H 2 m + 2O v Cn H 2 nO2 . Gi s mol ca X l, tng s mol Y v Z l b

3m - 2 3n = 0,55 (1) a + b T phng trnh t chy suy ra 2 . Suy ra b = 0, 2 2 (2) am + bn = 0,5 Vy 0, 2n < 0,5 n < 2,5 . Suy ra n = 2 . p n D.
Cu 23. Hn hp M gm xeton X v anken Y. t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng va 12,32 lt O2 (ktc), sinh ra 8,96 lt CO2 v 7,2 gam H2O. CTCT thu gn ca X l: A. CH3COCH3 B. CH3COCH2CH3 C. CH3COCH2COCH3 D. CH3CH2COCH3 Gii. D dng tnh c nCO2 = nH 2O = 0, 4(mol ) . Vy X l xeton n chc v no. Gi CTPT ca X v Y ln lt l Cm H 2 mO v Cn H 2 n . Bo ton nguyn t C v O, suy ra

am + bn = 0, 4 (1) (vi a, b ln lt l s mol ca xeton v anken) (2) a = 0,1 V X l xeton nn m 3 T (1)(2), cng c: am < 0, 4 m < 4
Vy m = 3, chn p n A. Bi 24. X phng ho mt este no n chc mch h X bng 0,6 mol MOH (M l kim loi kim) thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y v t cht rn thu c trong kh O2 d, n phn ng hon ton to ra 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc), a gam H2O v 31,8 gam mui. Gi tr ca a khng th l? A. 7,2 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 5,4 gam D. 10,8 gam. Gii. Cht rn thu c sau khi chy l M2CO3, bo ton s mol nguyn t M: 2 MOH M2CO3 0,6----------0,3 Sau khi c cn dd Y thu c x mol mui CnH2n-1O2M v (0,6-x) mol MOH Sau phn ng chy thu c : 0,1 mol CO2, y mol H2O v 0,3 mol M2CO3. Bo ton s mol nguyn t C : nx = 0,1 + 0,3 = 0, 4(1) Bo ton s mol nguyn t H : x(2n - 1) + (0, 6 - x) = 2 y Suy ra y = 0, 7 - x mH 2O = 18.0, 7 - 18 x = 12, 6 - 18 x(2)
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Nu n = 1: (1) x = 0, 4, (2) mH 2O = 5, 4 Nu n = 2: (1) x = 0, 2, (2) mH 2O = 9 Nu n = 3: (1) x = 0,1333, (2) mH 2O = 10, 2 Nu n = 4: (1) x = 0,1, (2) mH 2O = 10,8 Vy gi tr a khng th l 7,2 gam. Chn cu A
m gam mui sunfua ca n tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c nng d th 2 u thot ra kh NO2 (duy nht) vi th tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc ca mui sunfua trn? A. FeS B. MgS C. Cu2S D. CuS

Bi 25. Ly m gam kim loi M hoc

Gii. Khng mt tnh tng qut c th t s mol kim loi M l 1 (mol) v ca MxSy l a (mol). S mol kh NO2 l b. Cc phn ng oxi ha kh l: M ne Mn+ (Da vo p n suy ra n = 2 hoc n = 3) 1-----n-----1 (MxSy)o (nx + 6y)e x Mn+ + y S6+ a---------a(nx+6y) N5+ + e N4+ b------b-----b Khi lng kim loi gp i khi lng mui nn: M .1 = 2a ( Mx + 32 y ) M (1 - 2ax) = 64ay (1) Bo ton s mol e vi M: n = b v vi MxSy: a (nx + 6 y ) = b(2) Cn c vo p n c 2 trng hp sau: *Vi n = b = 3 : t (2) suy ra a (3x + 6 y ) = 3 a ( x + 2 y ) = 1 - Nu x = y = 1 a = 1/ 3 v t (1) suy ra M = 64 : Cu loi v Cu c s oxy ha cao nht l +2 - Nu x = 2, y = 1 a = 0, 25 suy ra M .0 = 16 (loi) *Vi n = b = 2 : t (2) suy ra 2 = a (2 x + 6 y ) a ( x + 3 y ) = 1 - Vi x = y = 1 a = 0, 25 v t (1) suy ra M = 16 (loi) - Vi x = 2, y = 1 a = 0, 2 v t (1) suy ra M = 64 Vy M v oxit ca n l Cu v Cu2S. Bi 26. Ly 22,35 gam hn hp mui clorua ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B (A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 43,05 gam kt ta. A, B ln lt l? A. K v Sr B. Rb v Ca C. Na v Ca D. K v Mg Gii. Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca ACl v BCl2 Ta c h phng trnh a + 2b a + 2b = 0,3 b aA + .2 B = 11, 7 aA + bB = 22,35 - 0,3.35,5 = 11, 7 2 B 11, 7 Vy mt trong hai gi tr A hoc phi nh hn = 39 2 0,3 Trong cc p n cho nhn thy ch c A l Rb, B l Ca l ph hp. Cu 27. Thy phn este E thu c axit cacboxylic A v hn hp B gm hai ancol n chc l ng ng k tip ca nhau. X phng ha hon ton 3,65 gam E cn va ng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c m gam mui v x gam ancol B. Gi tr ca m l? A. 3,4 B. 4,8 C. 4,1 D. 3,7

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Gii. Ta d nhn thy E l este hai chc. Suy ra neste = ca este l R (COOR ') 2 , th R + 2 R ' = 58

1 nNaOH = 0, 025(mol ) M E = 146 . Gi CTPT 2

Do hai ancol n chc ng ng k tip nn R ' 29 15 < R ' < 29 0 < R < 28 R = 14(-CH 2 ) (Ch : R ' > 15 v ancol c PTK nh nht l CH 3OH . Nu R ' = 29 th hai ancol phi l CH 3OH v

C3 H 7 OH khng k tip nhau) Mui l CH 2 (COONa ) 2 m = 148.0, 025 = 3, 7

Bi 28. Hn hp X gm Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO v Cn H 2 m +1CH 2OH (u mch h v m, n l cc s nguyn). Cho X phn ng va vi khng n 3,2 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc ton b lng X trn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH 3 , kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag . t chy hon ton Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO th th tch oxi cn dng l: A. 0,56 lt B. 0,224 lt C. (0,336n + 0,28) lt D. 1,12 lt Gii. Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO v Cn H 2 m +1COOH trong X. Theo phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH 3 , ta c x = 0, 01 Ta li c xa + yb < 0, 02 (vi a, b ln lt l s mol brom phn ng vi 1 mol mi cht Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO v

Cn H 2 m +1CH 2OH phn ng). D thy a 1 . Mt khc xa = 0, 01.a < 0, 02 nn a < 2. Vy a = 1 hay
Cn H n2 - m2 +3CHO no. Suy ra 2n + 1 = n 2 - m 2 + 3 ( n - 1) + 1 = m 2 . Nhn thy ( n - 1) v m 2 l hai s chnh
2
2

phng lin tip nn (n - 1) 2 = 0 n = 1. Do m = 1. D dng tnh c p n A. Bi 29. Ha tan 160 gam hn hp A gm AlCl3 , FeCl2 , FeCl3 vo nc c dung dch B. Chia dung dch B lm hai phn nh nhau. in phn phn 1 trong 77200 giy bng dng in 2 A. Thm t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch sau in phn thy khng xut hin kt ta. Cho 1,68 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo phn 2 thu c m gam kt ta Al (OH )3 . Gi tr nh nht ca m gn vi gi tr no sau y nht? A. 6,204 gam B. 21,84 gam C. 25,74 gam D. 23,4 gam Gii. Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol cc cht trong hn hp A. T khi lng hn hp v phn ng in phn, d dng suy ra h phng trnh 325 .(3z) = 80 (1) 133,5x + 127 y + 162,5z = 80 133,5x + 62,5.(2 y ) + 6 3x + 2 y + 3z = 1, 6 (2) 3x + 2 y + 3z = 1, 6 Ta i tm khong gi tr ca x. 325 T (1) suy ra ( 2 y + 3x ) < 115 - 133,5x < 63,5 ( 2 y + 3x ) 6 80 - 133,5x 80 - 133,5x 20 36 Thay vo (2) suy ra 1, 6 < 3x < 1, 6 <x< 325 63,5 87 95 6 Ta thy phn 2 c thm vo 0,84 mol NaOH . Xt cc trng hp n n 20 20 < x < 0, 28 = NaOH th m = (4 x - 0,84).78. Khi x Nu NaOH = 0, 21 < th m 6, 204 ( gam) 4 87 3 87 n 36 Nu NaOH = 0, 28 x < th m = 0, 28.78 = 21,84 gam 3 95 Nh vy, gi tr gn nht vi m l 6,204 gam.

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Bi 30. Cho 28,8 gam mt oxit A ca kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,82 lt hn hp kh N 2O v NO c t s hi so vi hidro l 230/13. Oxit kim loi A l: A. FeO B. MnO C. Fe3O4 D. p n khc Gii. Tnh c tng s mol e m NO3- nhng l 0,4 (mol) Ta c M + n M n +Dn + Dn.e 28,8 Bo ton e suy ra: .Dn = 0, 4 A = 72.Dn A (vi A l phn t khi ca oxit kim loi) Ln lt cho Dn nhn cc gi tr 1, 2, 3 ta tm c A l Cu2O hoc FeO. Bi 31. Mt hn hp X o 82oC, 1 atm gm anken A v hidro c t l th tch tng ng l 1:1. Cho X qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y (hiu sut H%). Bit t khi hi ca Y so vi H 2 l 23,2. Cng thc no ca A khng ng: A. C3 H 6 B. C4 H 8 C. C5 H10 D. C6 H12 Gii. Ci cng thc v s mol anken A l Cn H 2 n v x Phn ng Cn H 2 n + H 2 Cn H 2 n + 2 Do phn ng c th cha hon ton nn s mol ca Y l a, vi x a 2 x (14n + 2) x (14n + 2) x (14n + 2) x 14n + 1 46, 4 25n + 2 3, 2 n 6,5 Ta c: 2x a x Vy n nhn cc gi tr 4, 5, 6. Chn p n A. Bi 32. Hn hp A gm mui sunfit, hidrosunfit v sunfat ca cng mt kim loi kim M. Cho 17,775 gam hn hp A vo dung dch Ba (OH ) 2 d, to thnh 24,5275 gam hn hp kt ta. Lc kt ta, ra sch v cho kt ta tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thy cn 2,33 g cht rn. Kim loi kim M l A. Li B. K C. Rb D. Na Gii. Phng trnh phn ng 2Ba 2+ + SO4 BaSO4
OH - + HSO3 H 2O + SO32Ba 2+ + SO32- BaSO3

Cht rn cn li l BaSO4 : nBaSO4 =

2,33 = 0, 01(mol ) 233

nBaSO3 =

(24,5275 - 2,33) = 0,1023(mol ) 217 17, 775 M trung binh = = 158 0,1023 + 0, 01

Ta c M + 80 < M TB = 158 < 2 M + 96 . Ch c M = 39 tha mn iu kin ny. Chn p n B. Bi tp tng t. Hn hp X gm M 2CO3 , MHCO3 v MCl (M l kim loi kim). Cho 32,65 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y v c 17,6 gam CO2 thot ra. Dung dch T tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d c 100,45 gam kt ta. Kim loi M l A. Na B. Li C. K D. Rb HNO Bi 33. Cho 9,6 gam kim loi R tc dng vi 500ml dung dch 3 c mol/lt va , thu c 2,24 lt kh A (l kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 59,2 gam mui khan. A khng th l kh no sau y?
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A. N 2O

B. N 2

C. NO

D. NO2

Gii. Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca R ( NO3 ) n v NH 4 NO3 trong dung dch sau phn ng. Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh l

R R + n + ne
x nx

N + k .e N +5- k N +5 + 8e N -3 Gi N e l s mol electron m HNO3 nhn to thnh 1 mol kh. D thy N e c th nhn cc gi tr l
1, 3, 8,10 ln lt tng ng vi cc kh NO2 , NO, N 2O, N 2 Bo ton electron ta c: xn = 8 y + 0,1N e (1) Khi lng ca kim loi v ca mui ln lt cho ta cc phng trnh l (2) xR = 9, 6 xR + 80 y + xn.62 = 59, 2 (3) Thay (1) v (3) vo (2) ta c 9, 6 + 80 y + (8 y + 0,1N e )62 = 59, 2 576 y + 6, 2 N e = 49, 6 Suy ra N e 8. Vy A khng th l N 2 . Chn p n B. Bi 34. Cho 13,32 mol hn hp Zn v ZnO tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 0,38 mol H 2 SO4 thu c mt sn phm duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol sn phm kh thu c l: A. 0,19 B. 0,18 C. 0,16 D. 0,20 Gii. Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp Gi N e l s mol electron m H 2 SO4 nhn to thnh 1 mol kh. D thy N e c th nhn cc gi tr l 2, 6, 8 tng ng vi cc sn phm kh l SO2 , S , H 2 S . Vi vic tnh khi lng hn hp v bo ton nguyn t S ta c h phng trnh 65x + 81 y = 13,32 (1) 2x N + x + y = 0,38 (2) e T (1) suy ra 13,32 13,32 < x+ y < 81 65 2x 0,164 < 0,38 < 0, 216 Ne
0,175 < 2x < 0, 216 Ne

+5

Cng t (1) ta suy ra x <

2x 2.0, 205 13,32 < = 2,35 . Vy N e = 2 . Thay vo h = 0, 205 , do N e < 0,175 0,175 65

phng trnh ta tm c

x = 0,18

y = 0, 02. Vy s mol sn phm kh

SO2

0,18.2 = 0,18(mol ) . 2 Chn p n B. Bnh lun. Do N e ch nhn cc gi tr 2, 6, 8 nn ta c th thay N e vo h phng trnh (1)(2) gii ba trng nSO2 =
hp v tm nghim x, y ph hp.
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Bi 35. Cho 12,4 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 27,75 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l A. Ba B. Mg C. Ca D. Sr Gii. Gi x v y ln lt l l s mol ca kim loi kim M cn phi tm v oxit ca n, ta c 2 M + 2 HCl 2 MCl + H 2
x x

M 2O + 2 HCl 2 MCl + H 2O
y y

Ta c cc phng trnh da trn khi lng hn hp ban u v khi lng mui.

x.M + y ( 2 M + 16 ) = 12, 4 ( M + 35,5)( x + y ) = 27, 75 12, 4 27, 75 12, 4 < x+ y = < T (1)(2) suy ra . Gii h bt phng trnh ny ta c 0 < M < 28, 7 2 M + 16 M + 35,5 M Vy suy ra gi tr thch hp nht ca M l 24. M l Mg.
Bi 36. Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol HNO3 ( x : y = 16 : 61 ) thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui nitrat. S mol e do lng st trn nhng l khi b ha tan l: A. y B. 3x C. 2x D. 0,75y Gii. C th gi s x = 16 v y = 61 Dung dch sau phn ng c th c mui Fe 2+ (a mol) v Fe3+ (b mol) Ta c qu trnh oxi ha kh l:

Fe Fe 2+ + 2e; Fe Fe3+ + 3e
a 2a b 3b

N + ke N Gi k l s mol electron m 1 mol HNO3 nhn to ra 1 mol nguyn t N trong kh sn phm kh. k nhn
cc gi tr 1, 3, 4, 5 tng ng vi cc sn phm kh NO2 , NO, N 2O, N 2 Bo ton e, suy ra s mol sn phm kh l nN 5-k = Bo ton nguyn t Fe v N ta c h phng trnh

+5

5- k

2a + 3b k

a + b = 16 2a + 3b 2a + 3b + = 61 k
61k < 3(a + b) = 48 1,1 < k < 3, 7 k +1 Vy k = 3, v kh l NO . T tm c a = 2, 25 v b = 13, 75. Suy ra ne = 2a + 3b = 45, 75 = 0, 75 y
Suy ra 2(a + b) = 32 < 2a + 3b = Chn p n D. Bi 37. Cho 11,15 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi Al v kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn ng thu ch c dung dch B v V lt kh (ktc). Cho t t n 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch B. Trong qu trnh thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 15,6 gam, sau kt ta tan mt phn. Kim loi kim l: A. Ba B. Na C. K D. Khng d kin Gii. Nhn xt. Do sau phn ng thu ch c dung dch B v kh, vy nn Al phn ng ht v bazo c th ht hoc d. 3 M + H 2O MOH + 1 2 H 2 ; Al + MOH MAlO2 + 2 H 2 (d x - 0, 2 mol MOH )
x x
0,2 0 ,2 0,2

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OH - + H + H 2O ; H + + H 2O + MAlO2 Al (OH )3 + M +
0,2 0,2 0,2

Do kt thc phn ng th 2, kt ta tan mt phn nn nHCl = 0, 4 > ( x - 0, 2) + 0, 2 = x Ta c 0, 2 < x < 0, 4, li c x = Suy ra M l Na. Bi 38. Hn hp X gm Cn H 2 n -1CHO,Cn H 2 n -1COOH ,Cn H 2 n -1CH 2OH (u mch h, n nguyn dng). Cho 2,8 gam X phn ng va vi 8,8 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH 3 , kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag . Phn trm khi lng ca

11,15 - 27.0, 2 , nn suy ra 14,375 < M < 28, 75 M

Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l:
A. 26,63% B. 22,22% C. 20,00% Gii. Gi s mol ca cc cht trong hn hp X ln lt l x, y, z Ta c nAg = 0, 02(mol ) x = nCn H 2 n-1CHO = 0, 01(mol ) Xt phn ng vi dung dch brom, ta c mi cht trong X u phn ng vi brom lin kt i, ring Cn H 2 n -1CHO cn c phn ng gc CHO Ta c nBr2 = 0, 055(mol ) 2 x + y + z = 0, 055 Vy suy ra tng s mol cc cht l n = x + y + z = 0, 055 - 0, 01 = 0, 045 Do khi lng phn t trung bnh ca cc cht l M TB = D. 16,42%

2,8 62, 2 0, 045

Nn M Cn H 2 n-1CHO < M TB < M Cn H 2 n-1COOH 14n + 28 < 62, 2 < 14n + 44 1,3 < n < 2,5 n = 2 Phn trm khi lng Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l % M =

0, 01.56 .100% = 20% 2,8

Chn p n C. Bi 39. un 0,4 mol hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip trong dy ng ng bng dung dch H 2 SO4 140o C thu c 7,704 g hn hp 3 ete. Tham gia phn ngs ete ho c 50% s mol ancol c khi lng phn t ln v 40% ancol c khi lng phn t nh. Xc nh cng thc hai ancol. A.Metylic v etylic B. etylic v n-propylic C. n-propylic v n-butylic D. propan-2-ol v butan-2-ol Gii. Gi hn hp 2 ancol l ROH vi R = 14n + 1 (do hai ancol no, n chc, h) Hai ancol l ROH (x mol), ROH (y mol). Vi R > R Ta c h phng trnh h phng trnh

x + y = 0, 4 0,5 x + 0, 4 y (2 R + 16)( ) = 7, 704 2

x=

12,848 - 0,32 R 0, 2 R + 1, 6

T iu kin 0 < x < 0, 4 30,52 < R < 40,15 Li do hai ancol ny k tip nhau nn CTPT ca hai ancol l C2 H 5OH v C3 H 7 OH . Bi 40. Oxi ha 38 gam hn hp propanal, ancol A no n chc bc 1 v este B (to bi mt axit ng ng ca axit acrylic v ancol A) c hn hp X gm axit v este. Mt khc, cho lng X phn ng vi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 1,5M th sau phn ng trung ha ht NaOH d cn 0,15 mol HCl c dung dch D. C cn D

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c hi cht hu c E, cn li 62,775 gam hn hp mui. Cho E tch nc 140o C ( H 2 SO4 c xc tc) c F c t khi vi E l 1,61. A v B ln lt l: A. C2 H 5OH v C3 H 5COOC2 H 5 B. CH 3OH v C3 H 5COOCH 3 Gii. C. CH 3OH v C4 H 7COOCH 3 D. C2 H 5OH v C4 H 7COOC2 H 5
MF = 1, 61 > 1 nn F l ete, do ME

Ta nhn thy E chnh l ancol to este B. t CTPT ca E l ROH. Do

2 R + 16 = 1, 61 R = 29 ( C2 H 5 - ) . Vy E hay ancol A chnh l C2 H 5OH . Loi p n B v C R + 17 Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca C2 H 5CHO, C2 H 5OH , Cm H 2 m -1COOC2 H 5 (Lu , do axit to thnh este l ng ng ca axit acrylic nn m 3 ) Ta c 58 x + 46 y + z (72 + 14m) = 38 Oxi ha hn hp s to ra hn hp X gm x mol C2 H 5COOH , y mol CH 3COOH , z mol este S mol NaOH phn ng vi hn hp sn phm: nNaOH = 0,5.1,5 - 0,15 = 0, 6(mol ) x + y + z = 0, 6 .
C cn D s to ra x mol C2 H 5COONa, y mol CH 3COONa, z mol Cm H 2 m -1COONa v 0,15 mol NaCl. Suy ra 96 x + 82 y + z (66 + 14m) + 0,15.78,5 = 64, 775 Nh vy ta c h 3 phng trnh: 38 - 58x - 46 y - 72z m= 58 x + 46 y + z (72 + 14 m ) = 38 (1) (1') 14z (2) 38x + 36 y - 6z = 16 (2 ') x + y + z = 0, 6 96 x + 82 y + z (66 + 14m) + 0,15.58,5 = 62, 775 (3) x + y + z = 0, 6 (3') T (2) v (3) suy ra 2 17 36( x + y ) < 16 + 6 z < 38( x + y ) 36(0, 6 - z ) < 16 + 6 z < 38(0, 6 - z ) < z < (*) 15 110 y = 3, 4 - 22 z T (2) v (3) cng suy ra c x = 21z - 2,8 22 139 Thay vo (1), ta c m = . Thay (*) vo bt phng trnh trn suy ra: 0, 47 < m < 3,8 7z 7 Suy ra m = 3. Chn p n A. Bnh lun. T h phng trnh (1)(2)(3), ta c th da vo p n v th vi cc gi tr m = 3, 4. Vi trng hp m = 4 ta tm c nghim m, loi. Do m = 3. Chc chn rng nhng li gii trn cha phi l li gii duy nht v ti u nht cho cc bi ton. Nhiu bi ton c th gii vi mt cch n gin hn bng phng php th chn (t cc p n A, B,) hoc quy cht hn hp cht thnh ln lt cc cht trong hn hp. T gi ny, mong cc bn c th tm ra c cch lm nhanh hn v hay hn cho chnh mnh. Chc cc bn lun thnh cng trn con ng hc tp. J__________________________________________________________J Cc bi tp c trch dn t thi th ca cc trng THPT chuyn HSP, THPT chuyn i hc Vinh, THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu, THPT chuyn KHTN, THPT Qunh Lu I (Ngh An) v thi th ca cc din n BoxMath, Dayhoahoc.

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Li gii c tham kho t li gii ca cc thnh vin v p n chi tit ca cc din n nu trn, t Tuyn tp cc bi tp Ha hc hay ca din n BoxMath nm 2011 Ti liu chc chn cn nhiu sai st, v mong nhn c s gp ca bn c. Mi kin ng gp xin gi v lemongrass.31.08@gmail.com

(Hy c kht khao, hy c di kh)

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