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B xy dng S : 08/ 2003/ Q-BXD

cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam c lp - T do - Hnh phc H Ni , ngy 26 thng 3 nm 2003

Quyt nh ca B tr|ng b xy dng V vic ban hnh Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN 276 : 2003 '' Cng trnh cng cng - Nguyn tc c bn thit k'' B tr|ng b xy dng - Cn c Ngh nh s 15 / CP ngy 04 / 03 / 1994 ca Chnh Ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng. - Cn c bin bn s 157/ BXD HKHKT ngy 12 / 11 / 2002 ca Hi ng Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu tiu chun '' Nh - Nguyn tc c bn thit k'' - Xt ngh ca V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Vin tr|ng Vin nghin cu Kin trc B Xy dng. Quyt nh iu 1 : Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun Xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN276 : 2003 '' Cng trnh cng cng - Nguyn tc c bn thit k'' iu 2 : Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy k ban hnh. iu 3 : Cc ng : Chnh Vn phng B, V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh, Vin tr|ng Vin Nghin cu Kin trc v Th tr|ng cc n v c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./. Ni nhn : - Nh| iu 3 - Tng Cc TCLCL - L|u VP&V KHCN K/T b tr|ng b xy dng Th tr|ng

PGS.TSKH Nguyn Vn Lin 3

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TCXDVN 276 :2003 Tiu chun xy dng vit nam

TCXDVN 276: 2003

Cng trnh cng cng Nguyn tc c bn thit k

Public Building. Basic rules for design

H Ni-2003 4

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Li ni u TCXDVN 276: 2003- Cng trnh cng cng- Nguyn tc c bn thit k do Vin nghin cu Kin trc bin son, V Khoa hc cng ngh- B Xy dng ngh v |c B Xy dng ban hnh.

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Vin nghin cu kin trc

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Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

S :

--------/NCKT-TC

c lp - T do - Hnh phc ---------------------------H Ni, ngy thng nm 2002

Knh gi : V Khoa hc Cng ngh- B Xy dng Thc hin k hoch sot xt tiu chun Nh v cng trnh cng cngNguyn tc c bn thit k- TCVN 4319-1986, n nay Vin Nghin cu Kin trc hon chnh ni dung d tho tiu chun trnh duyt ni trn D tho trnh duyt k ban hnh |c sa i v hon chnh da trn cc kin gp ca cc chuyn gia v kt lun ti Bin bn Hi ng Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh B Xy dng ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2001. D tho tiu chun |c trnh by theo ng tiu chun TCVN 1-1995. Mu trnh by tiu chun Vit Nam. Vin Nghin cu Kin trc xin np V Khoa hc Cng ngh bn d tho tiu chun trnh duyt V trnh k ban hnh.
Vin nghin cu Kin trc

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cng trnh cng cng- nguyn tc c bn thit k

Public Building. Basic rules for design

1. Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny p dng thit k xy dng mi hoc ci to cc cng trnh cng cng trong cc th, bao gm cc cng trnh y t, th thao, vn ho, gio dc, tr s c quan hnh chnh cc cp, cc cng trnh dch v cng cng nhm m bo nhng yu cu c bn v s dng, an ton v v sinh. Ch thch: 1. Khi thit k cc cng trnh cng cng nh| nu trn, ngoi nhng qui nh trong tiu chun ny, cn phi tun theo nhng qui nh trong cc tiu chun thit k hin hnh i vi tng loi cng trnh. 2. Cc cng trnh cng cng xy dng vng nng thn c th tham kho tiu chun ny. 2. Tiu chun trch dn Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam TCVN 2748- 1991. Phn cp cng trnh xy dng- Nguyn tc chung TCVN 2622-1995. Phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh- Yu cu thit k TCVN 5568-1991. iu hp kch th|c m un trong xy dng. Nguyn tc c bn TCVN 2737-1995. Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu chun thit k TCXDVN 264:2002. Nh v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh m bo ng|i tn tt tip cn s dng. TCVN 5744-1993 Thang my. Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng TCXD 192-1996. Ca g- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut TCXD 237-1999. Ca kim loi- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut TCVN 5682-1992. Thng gi iu tit khng kh, s|i m. Tiu chun thit k TCXD 29-1991. Chiu sng t nhin trong cng trnh dn dng. Tiu chun thit k. TCXD 16-1986 . Chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh dn dng TCXD 46-1986 . Chng st cho nh v cng trnh xy dng 3. Quy nh chung 3.1. Phn loi cc cng trnh cng cng xem ph lc A trong tiu chun ny.

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3.2. Khi thit k cc cng trnh cng cng phi cn c vo nhng iu kin kh hu t nhin, a cht thu vn, cc tin nghi phc v cng cng, kh nng xy lp, cung ng vt t| v s dng vt liu a ph|ng. 3.3. Gii php b cc cc loi cng trnh cng cng phi ph hp vi quy hoch v truyn thng xy dng a ph|ng. 3.4. Cn c vo tiu chun din tch, khi tch, cht l|ng hon thin bn trong v bn ngoi, cc thit b k thut (v sinh, in n|c, thng hi, thng gi, iu ho khng kh, s|i m,...), cht l|ng cng trnh, cp ca cng trnh cng cng |c ly t cp I n cp III nh| quy nh trong TCVN 2748 - 1991 Phn cp cng trnh xy dng- Nguyn tc chung. Cc ngi nh trong mt cng trnh cng cng nn |c thit k cng mt cp cng trnh. Ch thch: 1. Cc cng trnh cng cng c ngha quan trng v nh cao tng |c thit k cp cng trnh cp I. 2. Cc cng trnh cng cng |c xy dng ti cc th x, th trn, th t |c php thit k t cp II tr xung. 3. Nhng ngi nh, cng trnh hay b phn cng trnh c yu cu s dng ngn hn, cho php xy dng cp cng trnh thp hn so vi cp ca cng trnh chnh, nh|ng phi tun theo nhng quy nh trong tiu chun Phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh - Yu cu thit k- TCVN 2622-1995. 4. Cng trnh cng cng cp cng trnh no th mc s dng vt liu trang tr, mc tin nghi v thit b v sinh, in n|c t|ng |ng vi cp cng trnh y. Tr|ng hp c yu cu s dng c bit, c th cho php s dng mc cao hn. 3.5.Tu thuc vo iu kin c th m cc cng trnh cng cng c th |c xy dng thp tng hay cao tng. Cng trnh thp tng l cng trnh c t 1 n 3 tng. Cng trnh nhiu tng l cng trnh c t 4 n 9 tng Cng trnh cao tng l cng trnh c t 9 tng tr ln. 3.6. Cht l|ng xy dng cng trnh |c xc nh bi bn vng tnh bng nin hn s dng v bc chu la ca cng trnh. 3.7. Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng vng c ng t v trn nn t ln phi tun theo tiu chun Xy dng cng trnh trong vng ng t. 8

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3.8. H s thit k cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo nhng quy nh trong cc tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan. 3.9. B|c m un Bo, Lo ca cc cng trnh cng cng phi ly cc theo quy nh trong tiu chun iu hp kch th|c m un trong xy dng. Nguyn tc c bn- TCVN 5568-1991 . 3.10. Chiu cao tng nh ca cng trnh cng cng tu thuc vo n quy hoch |c duyt, tnh cht cng trnh, yu cu k thut v iu kin kinh t ca tng a ph|ng la chn cho ph hp. 3.11. Phn nh din tch trong cng trnh cng cng |c quy nh ph lc B ca tiu chun ny bao gm din tch s dng, din tch lm vic, din tch sn, din tch kt cu, din tch xy dng. 3.12. H s mt bng K1 : l h s th hin mc tin nghi s dng mt bng cng trnh. H s K1 cng nh th mc tin nghi cng ln. H s mt bng K1 |c tnh theo cng thc sau: K1= Din tch lm vic Din tch s dng

Ch thch: H s mt bng K1 th|ng ly t 0,4 n 0,6. 3.13. H s khi tch K2: l h s th hin mc tin nghi s dng khi tch cng trnh. H s mt bng K2 |c tnh theo cng thc sau: K2= Khi tch ngi nh Din tch lm vic

3.14. Mt xy dng: l t s ca din tch xy dng cng trnh trn din tch khu t (%): Din tch xy dng cng trnh x 100% Din tch khu t Trong din tch xy dng cng trnh |c tnh theo hnh chiu bng ca mi cng trnh. 3.15. H s s dng t: l t s ca tng din tch sn ton cng trnh trn din tch khu t: HSD = Tng din tch sn ton cng trnh Din tch khu t 9

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Trong tng din tch sn ton cng trnh khng bao gm din tchsn ca tng hm v mi. 4. Yu cu v khu t xy dng v t chc quy hoch tng mt bng
Yu

cu i vi khu t xy dng

4.1. Khi la chn khu t xy dng cng trnh cng cng cn tun theo cc nguyn tc c bn d|i y: a) Ph hp vi d n quy hoch |c duyt; b) t |c hiu qu kinh t, x hi, mi tr|ng trong thit k xy dng; c) S dng t ai v khng gian th hp l; d) Ph hp trnh pht trin kinh t ca tng a ph|ng, p ng nhng nhu cu hin ti, xem xt kh nng nng cp v ci to trong t|ng lai; e) Tit kim chi ph nng l|ng, m bo tnh nng kt cu; g) Ph hp vi nhu cu ca tng cng trnh s xy dng; h) An ton phng chy, chng ng t, phng v chng l; i) Nu trn khu t xy dng c cc cng trnh vn ho ni ting, cc di tch lch s |c Nh n|c v a ph|ng cng nhn, phi thc hin theo cc vn bn quy nh ca Nh n|c hoc a ph|ng. Ch thch : Trong tr|ng hp ch|a c quy hoch, khi xy dng cng trnh cc vng t trng, t mi, ci to hoc xy chen trong khu vc quc phng, khu vc th|ng xuyn c l, lt... cn phi |c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt. 4.2. Mt bng cng trnh ch |c xy dng st vi ch gii |ng khi ch gii xy dng trng vi ch gii |ng v |c c quan qun l quy hoch xy dng cho php. Ch thch: 1. Ch gii |ng l |ng ranh gii |c xc nh trn bn quy hoch v thc a phn nh ranh gii gia phn t xy dng cng trnh v phn t |c dnh cho |ng giao thng hoc cc cng trnh k thut h tng, khng gian cng cng khc. 2. Ch gii xy dng l |ng gii hn cho php xy dng nh, cng trnh trn khu t . 4.3. cao cng trnh phi thit k theo cao khng ch m quy hoch th quy nh cho tng vng. 4.4. Cao nn nh phi cao hn mt |ng th, nu khng phi c bin php thot n|c b mt. Nu cng trnh xy dng trongkhu vc c kh nng b tr|t l, ngp n|c hoc hi triu xm thc, phi c bin php bo v an ton. 10

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Ch thch: Khi cn thit k s dng tng ngm hoc tng na ngm phi c bin php thot n|c v chng thm hu hiu. 4.5. Phi m bo khong cch an ton phng chng chy gia cc cng trnh cng cng khng |c nh hn 6m. |ng dnh cho xe cha chy phi c chiu rng thng thu khng nh hn 3,5m v chiu cao thng thu khng nh hn 4,25m. Cui |ng ct phi c khong trng quay xe. Kch th|c ch quay xe khng nh 15m x 15m. 4.6. Nu cc cng trnh cng cng t trn cc tuyn |ng giao thng chnh th v tr li vo cng trnh phi ph hp vi yu cu d|i y: a) Cch ng t| |ng giao thng chnh, khng nh hn 70m; b) Cch bn xe cng cng, khng nh hn 10m; c) Cch li ra ca cng vin, tr|ng hc, cc cng trnh kin trc cho tr em v ng|i tn tt khng |c nh hn 20m; 4.7. i vi nhng khu vc tp trung nhiu ng|i nh| rp chiu bng, nh ht, trung tm vn ho, hi tr|ng, trin lm, hi ch, ngoi vic tun theo cc tiu chun hin hnh cn phi tun theo cc nguyn tc d|i y: a) Mt bng t nht phi c mt mt trc tip m ra |ng ph; b) Trnh m cng chnh trc tip ra trc |ng giao thng; c) Tr|c cng chnh ca cng trnh nn c khong t trng dnh cho bi xe hoc l ni tp kt ng|i. Din tch ny |c xc nh theo yu cu s dng v quy m cng trnh; d) Cng v phn hng ro gip hai bn cng phi li su vo so vi ch gii xy dng khng nh hn 4m. 4.8. i vi nhng cng trnh |c xy mi hoc ci to, cn c vo quy m v th loi cng trnh, s ng|i s dng trong cng trnh m tnh ton din tch bi xe cho ph hp. Bi xe c th t ngay trong cng trnh hoc ngoi cng trnh. Din tch tnh ton ch xe |c ly nh| sau: - Xe mt, xe my: t 2,35m2/xe n 3,0m2/xe; - Xe p : 0,9m2/xe; - Xe t: t 15m2//xe n 18m2/xe. Yu cu v tng mt bng cng trnh 4.9. Thit k tng mt bng cng trnh phi cn c vo cng nng s dng ca tng th loi cng trnh, dy chuyn cng ngh c phn khu chc nng r rng ng thi phi ph hp vi quy hoch th |c duyt, m bo tnh khoa hc v tnh thm m. 4.10. B cc v khong cch kin trc phi m bo cc yu cu v phng, chng chy, chiu sng, thng gi, chng n, khong cch ly v sinh, ng thi ph hp nhng yu cu d|i y: 11

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a) Gii quyt tt mi quan h gia vic xy dng tr|c mt v d kin pht trin t|ng lai, gia cng trnh xy dng kin c vi cng trnh xy dng tm thi; b) B tr kin trc phi c li cho thng gi t nhin mt ma h, hn ch gi lnh v ma ng. i vi nh cao tng, nn trnh to thnh vng p lc gi; c) Thun tin cho vic thit k h thng k thut cng trnh bao gm : cung cp in, n|c, thot n|c, trang thit b k thut, thng tin lin lc; d) Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng nn thit k ng b trang tr ni, ngoi tht , |ng giao thng , sn v|n , cng v t|ng ro. 4.11. Trn mt bng cng trnh phi b tr h thng thot n|c mt v n|c m|a. Gii php thit k thot n|c phi xc nh da theo yu cu quy hoch th ca a ph|ng. 4.12. Cc cng trnh phi m bo mt cy xanh theo iu l qun l xy dng a ph|ng, |c ly t 30% n 40% din tch khu t. Loi cy v ph|ng thc b tr cy xanh phi cn c vo iu kin kh hu ca tng a ph|ng, cht t v cng nng ca mi tr|ng xc nh. Khong cch cc di cy xanh vi cng trnh, |ng x v |ng ng phi ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh c lin quan. 4.13. Vic lp t h thng k thut h tng nh| |ng ng cp thot n|c, thng tin lin lc, cp in... khng |c nh h|ng n an ton ca cng trnh, ng thi phi c bin php ngn nga nh h|ng ca n mn, ln, chn ng, ti trng gy h| hng. Yu cu v cc b phn kin trc ca cng trnh 4.14. Khng cho php cc b phn kin trc sau y nh qu ch gii |ng : a) Ban cng, vng ca s ca cng trnh; b) Cng trnh ngm v mng cng trnh; c) Tt c cc |ng ng ngm d|i t, tr |ng ng ngm thng vi |ng ng thnh ph; 4.15. Cc b phn kin trc ca cng trnh cng cng |c php nh ra khi ch gi |ng trong tr|ng hp ch gii xy dng trng vi ch gii |ng v tr|ng hp ch gii xy dng li vo sau ch gii |ng , nh| quy nh trong iu 7.4 v 7.5 Tp I - Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam. Ch thch: 1. Ngoi vic tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny cn cn phi tun theo cc quy nh ca c quan qun l quy hoch th ca a ph|ng. 2. i vi cc cng trnh c yu cu v kin trc tm thi, |c c quan qun l quy hoch a ph|ng cho php, c th nh ra qu ch gii |ng .

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Yu cu v chiu cao kin trc cng trnh 4.16. Chiu cao kin trc ca cc cng trnh trong cc khu vc d|i y |c gii hn theo nhng quy nh trong iu l qun l xy dng th ca a ph|ng, tr cc cng trnh |c chn lm im nhn cho khng gian kin trc th v mt s |ng ph c bit theo quy hoch. a) i vi cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc th, phi ly theo chiu cao khng ch nh| quy nh trong mt bng quy hoch tng th th |c duyt ; b) i vi cc cng trnh gn trung tm thnh ph, phi khng ch cao nh bng |ng ti hn. Gc ti hn khng |c ln hn 600. Ch thch : 1. Khng ch cao nh bng |ng ti hn xem hnh 1. 2. Khng ch cao nh cn c th s dng gc ti hn |c xc nh t im gia trn mt ct ngang |ng ph vi mi quan h gia loi |ng v cp th. 4.17. Tr|ng hp ch|a c quy hoch, khi tnh ton cao thit k cng trnh phi cn c vo cc yu t sau: a) Chiu rng l gii; b) Chiu cao ca nhng ngi nh xung quanh; c) Chiu rng ca bn thn ngi nh ; d) Chc nng s dng, quy m v t l hnh khi, bc chu la ca cng trnh; e) Chiu cao hot ng ca thit b cha chy ca lc l|ng phng chy cha chy th. Ch thch : Cc b phn khng tnh vo chiu cao gii hn ca cng trnh l gian cu thang, bung thang my, b n|c v ng khi cc b nh ra ngoi mt nh, nh|ng t l gia phn nh ra v din tch cng trnh phi ph hp vi quy nh ca iu l qun l xy dng th ca a ph|ng;

Hnh 1. minh ho gc ti hn v |ng ti hn khi xc nh cao cng trnh

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5. Ni dung cng trnh v gii php thit k Chiu cao thng thu trong phng 5.1. Chiu cao thng thu trong phng l chiu cao thng gc tnh t mt sn n mt d|i ca trn treo hoc n mt d|i ca sn tng trn. Nu kt cu chu lc d|i sn hoc mi nh h|ng ti khng gian s dng, phi tnh theo chiu cao thng gc t mt sn n mp d|i ca kt cu chu lc. 5.2. Tu thuc vo chc nng s dng ca cng trnh m quy nh chiu cao phng cho thch hp. Ch thch 1. Thng th|ng chiu cao ca nhng tng trn mt t, tnh t mt sn tng d|i n mt sn tng trn ly t 3m n 3,6m. 2. i vi cc cng trnh cng cng c cc phng ln nh| hi tr|ng, phng khn gi, nh th thao, ca hng c din tch trn 300m2, ging |ng, phng trin lm, bo tng, phng th nghim ... tu theo yu cu s dng v kch th|c trang thit b, chiu cao |c ly t 3,6m tr ln. 3. Chiu cao thng thu ca cc phng ph nh| tng hm, nh kho, tng xp cc b, hnh lang v phng v sinh ... cho php |c gim xung nh|ng khng thp hn 2,2m. 5.3. Chiu cao cc phng ng trong cc cng trnh cng cng ly theo quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 4451-1987 Nh -Nguyn tc c bn thit k. 5.4. i vi nh v cng trnh cng cng c tng k thut th chiu cao ca tng k thut xc nh theo thit k, khng k vo chiu cao ca tng nh, nh|ng phi tnh vo chiu cao cng trnh tnh khi tch ca ngi nh. Cu thang, bc thm, |ng dc, lan can, thang my
5.5. Cu thang

5.5.1. S l|ng, v tr cu thang v hnh thc gian cu thang phi p ng yu cu s dng thun tin v thot ng|i an ton. 5.5.2. Chiu rng thng thu ca cu thang ngoi vic p ng quy nh ca quy phm phng chy, cn phi da vo c tr|ng s dng ca cng trnh. Chiu rng ca cu thang dng thot ng|i khi c s c |c thit k khng nh hn 0,9m. 5.5.3. Khi on cu thang i h|ng, chiu rng nh nht ni c tay vn chiu ngh khng |c nh hn v thang. Nu c yu cu vn chuyn nhng hng ho ln, c th m rng cho ph hp vi yu cu s dng. 14

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5.5.4. Chiu cao ca mt t thang khng |c ln hn 1,8m v phi b tr chiu ngh. Chiu rng chiu ngh khng nh hn 1,2m (xem hnh 2). 5.5.5. Chiu cao thng thu (khng k v thang u tin ti tng trt) ca pha trn v pha d|i chiu ngh cu thang khng |c nh hn 2m. Chiu cao thng thu ca v thang khng |c nh hn 2,2m. Ch thch: Chiu cao thng thu ca v thang l chiu cao thng ng tnh t mt bc ca v thang d|i n mt trn nghing ca v thang trn. 5.5.6. Cu thang t nht phi c mt pha c tay vn. V thang c chiu rng cho ba dng ng|i th phi b tr tay vn hai pha, nu c chiu rng cho bn dng ng|i th nn b tr tay vn gia. 5.5.7. Chiu cao tay vn ca cu thang trong phng tnh t mp tr|c ca bc khng |c nh hn 0,9m. i vi cc cng trnh dnh cho thiu nhi, ng|i tn tt phi ly theo cc tiu chun thit k hin hnh c lin quan.

Hnh 2. Kch th|c cu thang v bc thang

5.5.8. Mt bc nn c bin php x l chng trn, tr|t. 5.5.9. T l gia chiu cao vi chiu rng ca bc thang phi ph hp vi quy nh trong bng 1. 15

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Bng 1. Chiu rng nh nht v chiu cao ln nht ca bc thang

Loi cng trnh - Tr|ng hc, tr|ng mm non - Rp chiu bng, nh ht, nh thi u, ca hng, bnh vin - Cc cng trnh kin trc khc Cu thang phc v chuyn dng

Chiu rng Chiu cao nh nht (m) ln nht (m) 0,26 0,15 0,28 0,30 0,22 0,16 0,15-0,17 0,20

Ch thch: 1. Chiu rng mt bc ca cu thang xon c khng c ct gia v cu thang hnh cung ti im cch tay vn 0,25m, khng |c nh hn 0,22m. 2. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng cn ch n i t|ng s dng l ng|i tn tt. Yu cu thit k cn tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCXDVN 264:2002 Nh v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh m bo ng|i tn tt tip cn s dng
5.6. Bc thm

5.6.1. Chiu rng mt bc ca bc thm trong v ngoi nh khng |c nh hn 0,3m. Chiu cao bc khng |c ln hn 0,15m. Khi s bc li vo cng trnh ln hn 3 cn b tr tay vn.hai bn. 5.6.2. Chiu cao bc thm ca ni tp trung nhiu ng|i khng |c cao qu 1m v phi c lan can bo v.
5.7. |ng dc

5.7.1. i vi nhng cng trnh nh| cc tr s c quan hnh chnh quan trng, th| vin, bo tng, cung vn ho, nh ht, cng vin, tr|ng hc, bnh vin, khch sn phi thit k |ng dc cho ng|i i xe ln. Tiu chun thit k |ng dc ly theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCXDVN 264:2002 Nh v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh m bo ng|i tn tt tip cn s dng nh|ng khng |c ln hn 1:12. 5.7.2. |ng dc phi phng, khng g gh, khng trn, tr|t v phi b tr tay vn c hai pha |ng dc .
5.8. Lan can

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5.8.1. tt c ni c tip gip vi bn ngoi nh| ban cng, hnh lang ngoi, hnh lang bn trong, ging tri bn trong, mi c ng|i ln, cu thang ngoi nh u phi b tr lan can bo v, ng thi phi ph hp nhng yu cu d|i y: a) Lan can phi lm bng vt liu kin c, vng chc, c th chu |c ti trng ngang, |c tnh ton theo c|ng v n nh d|i tc ng ca ti trng theo tiu chun TCVN 2737-1995 Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu chun thit k; b) Chiu cao lan can ph thuc vo cao ca mt sn nh nh|ng khng |c nh hn 0,9m tnh t cao mt sn n pha trn tay vn. Chiu cao lan can ca nh cao tng |c nng ln cao hn nh|ng khng |c v|t qu 1,2m. c) Trong khong cch 0,1m tnh t mt nh hoc mt sn ca lan can khng |c h. d) Ni c nhiu tr em hot ng, lan can phi c cu to kh tro. Khong cch thng thu gia cc thanh ng khng |c ln hn 0,1m.
5.9. Thang my

5.9.1. i vi cng trnh cao trn 5 tng cn thit k thang my. S l|ng thang ph thuc vo loi thang v l|ng ng|i phc v . Tr|ng hp c yu cu c bit phi |c cp c thm quyn ph duyt. 5.9.2. Khng s dng thang my lm li thot ng|i khi c s c. Trong cng trnh c thang my vn phi b tr cu thang b, nh| quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 2622-1995 Phng chy cha chy cho nh v cng trnh. Yu cu thit k. 5.9.3. Mi mt n nguyn cng trnh hay mt khu phc v trong cng trnh nu dng thang my lm ph|ng tin giao thng ng ch yu th s thang my ch ng|i khng |c t hn 2. 5.9.4. Thang my phi |c b tr gn li vo chnh. Bung thang my phi rng, c b tr tay vn v bng iu khin cho ng|i tn tt i xe ln v ng|i khim th s dng. 5.9.5. Ging thang my khng nn b tr st bn cnh cc phng chnh ca cng trnh, nu khng phi c bin php cch m, cch chn ng. 5.9.6. Kt cu bao che ca bung thang my phi |c cch nhit. Trong phng phi c thng gi, chng m v chng bi. Khng |c b tr trc tip b n|c trn bung thang my v khng cho cc |ng ng cp n|c, cp nhit i qua bung thang my. 5. 9.7. Vic lp t thang my v yu cu an ton khi s dng cn tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 5744-1993 Thang my. Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng.

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Mi 5.10. dc ca mi phi xc nh trn c s iu kin ca vt liu chng thm, cu to v thi tit a ph|ng. dc nh nht ca mi |c quy nh ca bng 2.
Bng 2. dc nh nht ca mi

Cu to mi - Ngi xi mng, ngi t st khng c lp lt - Ngi xi mng, ngi t st c lp lt - Tm lp xi mng aming - Tm lp kim loi - Mi b tng ct thp (c lp cch nhit v chng xm thc - Tm thp hnh

dc nh nht 1: 2 1: 2,5 1: 3 1: 4 1: 50 1: 7

5.11. Cc lp ca mi (bao gm phn nh ra ca mi v tng gip mi) u phi dng vt liu khng chy. 5.12. Thot n|c mi phi |u tin dng thot n|c bn ngoi nh. Mi ca nh cao tng, c khu ln v din tch tp trung n|c t|ng i ln phi dng thot n|c bn trong nh. 5.13. Mi c b tr lp cch nhit phi tnh ton nhit, ng thi phi c bin php chng ng s|ng, chng thm n|c bc hi v chng m cho lp cch nhit trong khi thi cng. 5.14. Dng mi c tng khung cch nhit th lp khng kh ny phi c cao v khng lm cn tr |ng thng gi. 5.15. Dng mi tm xi mng l|i thp hoc kt cu b tng ct thp v mng, phi c bin php bo v chng phong ho, chng xm thc; Mi chng thm cng phi c bin php chng nt. 5.16. Phi c bin php gia c cho mi ngi v mi dng vt liu cun nhng ni c gi mnh. 5.17. Cc cng trnh c chiu cao trn 10m nu khng c cu thang i ln mi, phi b tr l ng|i i ln mi hoc cu thang leo bn ngoi.

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Trn 5.18. C rt nhiu loi trn |c s dng trong cc cng trnh cng cng. Tu thuc vo yu cu ca tng cng trnh m la chn cho ph hp. i vi trn treo trt vi phi b tr l thng gi v l cho ng|i ln kim tra sa cha . 5.19. i vi trn ca hi tr|ng ln v trn treo c h thng |ng ng t|ng i nhiu, phi b tr tng gip mi kim tra sa cha, ng thi b tr sn i li nu c yu cu. Nn v sn nh 5.20. Mt sn v nn nh ca cc gian phng phi bo m khng trn tr|t, khng c k h, khng b mi mn, d lau chi v chng |c nm, m. i vi cc cng trnh th thao cn phi c tnh nng n hi v cch m tt. i vi cc bnh vin, phng th nghim phi khng b bin dng do thuc st trng hoc ty u, chng |c tc dng ca cc cht ho hc... 5.21. Nn nh xy dng trn lp t nn phi c cc bin php chng m v ngn nga kh nng ln khng u. 5.22. Khng |c dng vt liu hoc cc cht ph gia c tnh c hi lm vt liu lt nn. Ca i v ca s 5.23. Cc yu cu k thut ca ca i v ca s phi ph hp cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCXD 192-1996 Ca g- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut v TCXD 237-1999 Ca kim loi- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut . 5.24. Ca s phi s dng thun li, an ton v d lm sch. i vi nh cao tng nn dng ca s ko y; nu dng ca s m ra ngoi, phi c bin php gia c chc chn cnh ca s. Nu ca s m ra hnh lang chung, cao t mt sn n mp d|i ca ca khng |c nh hn 2m. 5.25. Cu to ca ca i phi ng m thun li, bn v chc chn. Cc ca ln ng m bng tay, phi c b phn hm. Ca ko, y phi c bin php chng tr|t khi |ng ray. Ca l xo hai mt, phi b tr tm knh trng phn trn cao c th nhn thy |c . 19

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Cnh khu vc ca quay, ca t ng v ca loi ln phi b tr ca ra vo thng th|ng. Ca m ra hnh lang thot ng|i v gian cu thang khng |c nh h|ng n chiu rng thot ng|i ca hnh lang v mt bng cu thang. Khe ln 5.26. Khe ln phi thit k khi c chuyn dch v bin dng khng lm hng cng trnh v sn ca tng. Khong cch gia cc khe ln ca cng trnh khng nn ln hn 60m, khong cch khe co gin trn mi khng nn ln hn 15m. 5.27. Cu to v vt liu ca khe ln phi da vo v tr v yu cu dng cc bin php chng thm, chng chy, gi nhit, chng mi mt. ng khi, |ng thng gi, |ng ng rc 5.28. Cu to ng khi v |ng ng thng gi t nhin trong cc cng trnh cng cng phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh d|i y: a) ng khi v |ng ng thng gi phi lm bng vt liu khng chy; b) Mt ct, hnh dng, kch th|c v mt trong ca ng khi v |ng ng thng gi phi thun tin cho vic thot khi (kh) d dng, trnh sinh ra hin t|ng cn tr, tc, r r khi v thot ng|c; c) Nu |ng ng nhnh ni vi |ng ng chnh, th mt ct thng thu ca |ng ng nhnh khng |c nh hn 0,015m2. Tng din tch mt ct |ng ng phi |c xc nh thng qua tnh ton. d) ng thot khi v thng gi khng |c s dng cng mt h thng |ng ng; e) ng khi v |ng ng thng gi phi v|t ln trn mi. Chiu cao nh ln phi xc nh trn c s: loi mi, chiu cao v khong cch vt chn xung quanh ca l thot ra, nh|ng khng |c nh hn 0,7m. Trn nh phi c bin php trnh thot ng|c; g) L vo khi ca |ng ng khi mi tng phi c np, l gi vo ca |ng thng gi phi c l|i chn. 5.29. |ng ng rc phi b tr da vo t|ng ngoi nh, thng ng, ng thi lm bng vt liu khng chy, mt trong nn nhn, khng r r, khng c vt nh ra. Din tch mt ct thng thu khng |c nh hn 0,5m K 0,5m. 5.30. Ca ly rc phi m bo khong cch li v sinh. Ph|ng thc thu gom v vn chuyn rc phi ph hp vi ph|ng thc qun l rc ca thnh ph. i vi nh cao tng phi phi hp xe vn chuyn rc bung rc, ng thi nn c thit b ra, chng bn. 5.31. u |ng ng rc phi c |ng ng thot hi nh ln pha trn mi khng nh hn 0,7m. Din tch mt ct khng |c nh hn 0,05m2, ng thi phi c np v c l|i. 20

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6. Yu cu chung v v sinh 6.1. Cc cng trnh cng cng phi |c xy dng nhng ni m bo yu cu v sinh, mi tr|ng xung quanh khng b nhim, khng gy c hi, khng gy n qu mc cho php . 6.2. Cc phng lm vic, phng phc v cng cng v phng sinh hot chung phi |c thng gi t nhin. Tu theo yu cu c th ca tng tr|ng hp c th thng gi bng ph|ng php c gii v thit b iu ho nhit . Khi tnh ton thit k phi tun theo tiu chun TCVN 5682-1992 Thng gi iu tit khng kh, s|i m. Tiu chun thit k 6.3. Khi thit k h thng cp thot n|c bn ngoi v bn trong nh v cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun cp thot n|c hin hnh . 6.4. Nhng cng trnh cng cng c yu cu thit k h thng cp n|c nng, phi p dng cc quy nh c th trong tiu chun thit k ca tng loi cng trnh cng cng c th. 6.5. S l|ng thit b trong khu v sinh |c ly theo quy nh trong cc tiu chun thit k ca tng loi cng trnh. 6.6. Phi gii quyt chng thm, chng m |t, thot mi hi thi v thng thong cc khu v sinh trong cng trnh cng cng. dc rnh v dc nn trong cc phng tm, khu v sinh ly t 1% n 2%. 6.7. Khu v sinh trong cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo nhng quy nh d|i y: a) Khng |c b tr cc phng c yu cu v sinh v yu cu chng m cao t trc tip trn cc phng nh| nh n, khu vc ch bin thc phm, kho cha thc phm, phng phn phi in v bin p; b) S l|ng cc loi thit b v sinh phi ph hp vi quy nh ca tng loi cng trnh theo cc tiu chun hin hnh. c) Khu v sinh phi |c |u tin chiu sng t nhin v thng gi t nhin trc tip; nu thng gi t nhin khng p ng yu cu th phi dng thng gi c kh; d) B mt sn, rnh trn mt sn v b mt tip xc ca |ng ng xuyn qua sn v sn vi mt t|ng phi thit k chng thm, ngn n|c; e) Nn, mt t|ng khu v sinh phi dng loi vt liu khng ht n|c, khng ht bn, chu xm thc, d lm v sinh; f) Cao mt nn phi thp hn cao ca |ng i, ng thi c dc khng nh hn 2%0 h|ng v rnh thot n|c hay phu thu. g) Trong phng ra tay nn b tr bn, g|ng, mc treo;

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h) Trong bung tm phi b tr chu ra mt v mc treo qun o. Khi s l|ng phng tm t|ng i nhiu, nn b tr phng thay qun o v ngn qun o chung. 6.8. Khong cch b tr thit b v sinh phi ph hp nhng quy nh d|i y: a) Khong cch thng thu gia tm vi n|c ca bn ra mt hoc mng ra tay n mt t|ng bn khng |c nh hn 0,55m; b) Khong cch gia cc vi n|c ca dy bn ra mt hoc mng ra tay khng |c nh hn 0,7m; c) Khong cch thng thu t mp ngoi ca dy bn ra mt hoc mng ra tay n mt t|ng i din khng |c nh hn 0,8m; d) Khong cch thng thu ca mp ngoi hai dy bn ra mt hoc mng ra tay i din khng |c nh hn 1,8m. 7. Yu cu v chiu sng 7.1. Thit k chiu sng t nhin cho nh v cng trnh cng cng |c ly theo tiu chun TCXD 29-1991 Chiu sng t nhin trong cng trnh dn dng. Tiu chun thit k. Chiu sng t nhin c th l chiu sng bn, chiu sng trn hoc chiu sng hn hp; 7.2. ch lm vic khng b chi la do nh sng trc tip hay phn chiu khi c mt tri chiu sng, c th hn ch chi lo bng cch t h|ng nh hp l hoc x l bng cc gii php kin trc hay thit b chng chi lo. 7.3. Khi khng c hoc thiu nh sng t nhin trong cng trnh cng cng phi b tr chiu sng nhn to m bo s lm vic v hot ng bnh th|ng ca ng|i v cc ph|ng tin vn chuyn. Tnh ton thit k |c p dng theo tiu chun TCXD 16-1986 Chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh dn dng. Ch thch : Chiu sng nhn to bao gm chiu sng lm vic, chiu sng s c, chiu sng phn tn ng|i, chiu sng bo v v chiu sng trang tr, qung co trong v ngoi nh. 7.4. |c php s dng n hunh quang v n nung sng (k c n halgen nung sng) trong cc cng trnh cng cng. 7.5. Khi chiu sng nhn to |c php s dng 2 h thng chiu sng: chiu sng chung v chiu sng hn hp. H thng chiu sng chung |c chia ra nh| sau: - Chiu sng chung u - Chiu sng chung khu vc H thng chiu sng hn hp bao gm chiu sng chung v chiu sng ti ch. Khng nn s dng ch c chiu sng ti ch chiu sng lm vic. 22

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7.7. Thit k chng st cho nh v cng trnh cng cng phi tun theocc quy nh trong tiu chun TCXD 46-1986 Chng st cho nh v cng trnh xy dng 8. Yu cu v phng chy cha chy 8.1. Khi thit k phng chng chy cho cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo nhng quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 2622 - 1995 Phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh . Yu cu thit k . 8.2. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng phi m bo yu cu thot nn an ton khi c chy. Cc li thot |c coi l an ton khi m bo nhng yu cu sau y : a) i t cc phng tng mt trc tip ra ngoi hay qua tin snh ra ngoi; b) i t cc phng bt k tng no (khng k tng mt ) ra hnh lang c li thot ra ngoi; c) i t cc phng vo bung thang c li ra trc tip bn ngoi hay qua tin snh ra ngoi . Ch thch: Cc ph|ng tin c gii di chuyn ng|i (thang my nng, thang my dc) khng |c coi l li thot nn an ton. 8.3. Trong cng trnh cng cng, chiu rng tng cng ca ca thot ra ngoi hay ca v thang hoc ca li i trn |ng thot nn phi tnh theo s ng|i ca tng ng nht (khng k tng mt) v |c quy nh nh| sau: a) i vi nh 1 n 2 tng tnh 1m cho 125 ng|i; b) i vi nh t 3 tng tr ln tnh 1m cho 100 ng|i; c) i vi cc phng khn gi (nh ht, rp chiu bng, rp xic, hi tr|ng...) tnh 0,55m cho 100 ng|i. Ch thch: 1. Chiu rng nh nht ca ca i thot nn l 0,8m. Chiu cao ca ca i, li i trn |ng thot nn khng d|i 2m. Chiu cao li thot nn ra khi tng hm hay tng chn t|ng c th h thp 1,9m. Chiu cao li vo tng gip mi (khng s dng th|ng xuyn) c th h thp n 1,5m. 2. Trong phng khn gi c bc chu la III, IV v V, chiu rng tng cng ca ca i, v thang hay li i trn |ng thot nn phi tnh 0,8m cho 100 ng|i. 8.4. Chiu rng ca li i, hnh lang, ca i, cu thang trn |ng thot nn |c quy nh trong bng 3.

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bng 3. Chiu rng li i, hnh lang, ca i, cu thang

Loi li i Li i Hnh lang Ca i Cu thang Nh nht 1 1,4 0,8 0,9

Chiu rng (m) Ln nht Theo tnh ton Theo tnh ton 2,4 2,4

Ch thch: 1. Chiu rng chiu ngh cu thang khng |c nh hn chiu rng cu thang. Chiu rng chiu ngh tr|c khi vo thang my c ca m y ngang khng c nh hn 1,6m, Chiu rng chiu ngh cu thang trong cc cng trnh y t, nh h sinh khng |c nh hn 1,8m. 2. Trong khch sn, bnh vin, tr|ng hc, chiu rng hnh lang gia khng |c nh hn 1,6m. 8.5. Khi thit k cu thang xon c v bc thang hnh r qut phi tnh n yu cu an ton thot ng|i khi c s c. Tr|ng hp c bit phi c s tho thun ca c quan phng chy cha chy. 8.6. Trong mi ngi nh , t nht phi c hai li thot nn. Cc li thot nn phi b tr phn tn trong ton cng trnh . Ch thch: i vi cng trnh c nhiu n nguyn cho php thit k mi n nguyn c mt li thot nn 8.7. Ca i trn |ng thot nn phi m ra pha ngoi nh. Khng cho php lm ca y trn |ng thot nn. Ch thch : Ca i ra ban cng, ra sn, ca i ca cc phng th|ng xuyn khng qu 15 ng|i, ca kho c din tch nh hn 200m2 v ca phng v sinh cho php thit k m vo trong . 8.8. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng, khong cch t ca i xa nht ca bt k gian phng no (tr phng v sinh, phng tm, kho) n li thot nn gn nht, phi p dng theo quy nh trong bng 4.

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Bng 4. Khong cch xa nht n li thot nn gn nht

Khong cch xa nht cho php (m) Bc chu la T nhng gian phng b tr gia hai T nhng gian phng c li thot li vo hnh lang gia hay hnh lang bn ct Cc cng trnh Tr|ng Bnh cng cng mm non, vin khc nh h sinh 25 40 30 20 15 30 25 15 12 25 20 12 10 20 15 10

I,II III IV V

Ch thch : Trong cc cng trnh c khn gi, khong cch quy nh trong bng 4 phi tnh t ch ngi xa nht n li thot gn nht .

---------------------------------

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Ph lc A

Phn loi cng trnh cng cng

1. Cng trnh y t 1.1. Bnh vin a khoa, bnh vin chuyn khoa t Trung |ng n a ph|ng 1.2. Phng khm a khoa, phng khm chuyn khoa khu vc 1.3. Nh h sinh. 1.4. Nh iu d|ng, nh ngh, nh d|ng lo 1.5. C quan phng chng dch bnh 1.6. Trm y t 1.7. Trung tm phc hi chc nng ... 2. Cng trnh th thao 2.1. Sn vn ng, sn th thao c mi che v khng c mi che. 2.2. Nh luyn tp v thi u th thao 2.3. B bi c mi v khng c mi che .... 3. Cng trnh gio dc 3.1. Tr|ng mm non 3.2. Tr|ng tiu hc, tr|ng ph thng c s, ph thng trung hc 3.3. Tr|ng i hc v cao ng 3.4. Tr|ng trung hc chuyn nghip 3.5 Tr|ng dy ngh 3.6. Tr|ng nghip v ... 4. Cng trnh vn ho 4.1. Th| vin 4.2. Bo tng 4.3. Trin lm 4.4. Nh ht, rp chiu phim 4.5. Nh vn ho, cu lc b 4.6. Trung tm bin tp pht thanh, v tuyn truyn hnh 4.7. Trung tm biu din ngh thut ..... 5. C quan hnh chnh cc cp 5.1. Tr s U ban hnh chnh cc cp 5.2. Tr s ca cc c quan v t chc qun l Nh n|c 5.3. Nh lm vic, vn phng 5.4. To n, Vin Kim sot ... 26

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6. Cng trnh dch v cng cng 6.1. Khch sn, nh khch 6.2. Ngn hng 6.3. Trm cha chy 6.4. Trung tm dch v cng cng ( Git l, tm, cc trm sa cha, may v, ct tc....) ... 7. Cng trnh th|ng mi 7.1. Ch 7.2. Ca hng, trung tm th|ng mi, siu th 7.3. Ca hng n ung, gii kht ...... 8. Cng trnh thng tin lin lc 8.1. Trung tm b|u in, in thoi, in tn, tng i 8.2. Trung tm pht thanh v v tuyn truyn hnh. ...... 9. Cng trnh giao thng 9.1. Cc ga xe la, cc trm kim tra |ng giao thng 9.2 Bn xe t 9.3. Ga hng khng dn dng 9.4. Bn cng vn chuyn hnh khch ...

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Ph lc B

Phn nh din tch trong cng trnh cng cng

B.1. Din tch s dng Din tch s dng l tng din tch lm vic v din tch phc v. Din tch cc gian phng, cc b phn |c tnh theo kch th|c thng thu tnh t b ngoi lp trt nh|ng khng tr b dy cu lp vt liu p chn t|ng v khng tnh din tch cc ng rc, ng khi, ng thng hi, in, n|c... t trong phng hay b phn . B.2. Din tch lm vic Din tch lm vic l tng din tch cc phng lm vic chnh v cc phng lm vic ph tr. Ch thch : Nhng din tch d|i y |c tnh vo din tch lm vic: - Din tch hnh lang kt hp phng hc trong tr|ng hc, phng i, ch ngi chi trong bnh vin , nh an d|ng, nh ht, rp chiu bng, cu lc b v.v. . . - Din tch cc phng pht thanh, khi qun l, phng bng in ,tng i, phng ph ca sn khu, ch tch on, phng k thut my chiu phim... B.3. Din tch phc v Din tch phc v bao gm cc din tch snh, hnh lang, bung thang, khu v sinh, bung m v cc phng k thut. Cc phng k thut l cc phng t ni hi, phng t my bm, my bin th, thit b thng gi c kh, my iu ho khng kh, phng thit b my thang my ch ng|i, ch hng ho. B.4. Din tch kt cu Din tch kt cu l tng din tch ca t|ng, vch, ct tnh trn mt bng. Nhng din tch sau y u tnh vo din tch kt cu: a) T|ng chu lc v khng chu lc; 28

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b) T|ng v vch ngn; c) Ct; d) Ng|ng ca i, bu ca s cc loi; e) Cc ng khi, ng rc, ng thng hi, ng cp in, ng n|c t ngm (k c phn lng ng v b dy ca tng ng ) g) Cc hc t|ng, cc khong t|ng trng gia hai phng khng lp ca i, c chiu rng nh hn 1m v chiu cao nh hn 1,9m . Ch thch : 1. Din tch kt cu ca t|ng, vch, ct u tnh c lp trt hoc p t|ng . 2. Cc hc t|ng, cc khong t|ng trng gia hai phng khng lp ca i, rng t 1m tr ln v cao trn 1,9 m (k t mt sn ) th tnh vo din tch phng . B.5. Din tch sn Din tch sn l din tch tnh theo kch th|c ph b ca t|ng ngoi, dy ct c mi che, cu thang ngoi nh ca tng mt k c bc thm, ca i, l gia, sn tri v. v Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng, tiu chun din tch |c php tng, gim nh| sau : a) Theo h|ng gim: khng qu 5% b) Theo h|ng tng : khng qu 10%. B.6 Khi tch xy dng (ca mt ngi nh, mt tng nh, mt phng): Khi tch xy dng l tch s ca din tch xy dng ngi nh, din tch sn ca tng hoc phng vi chiu cao ca ngi nh, tng nh v phng, k c tng k thut. ----------------------------------------

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TIU CHUN xy dng Vit Nam

TCXDVN 276 :2003

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