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Microfluidics Module
The Microfluidics Module includes existing microfluidics features previously available in the MEMS module
Electrokinetic flow Creeping flow Two-phase flow with level set and phase field (wetting, surface tension etc.) Fluid-Structure Interaction additionally requires either the MEMS or Structural mechanics modules Two phase flow moving mesh interface
Precise capillary effects Transport phenomena within one phase When molecular mean-free path is greater than geometry For vacuum system simulations
Simulations of an electrowetting lens (left) and molecular flow in an ion implanter (right) using the Microfluidics Module.
Both MEMS and Microfluidics modules will in future versions be expanded further in a more focused manner.
Geomechanics Module
A specialized add-on to the Structural Mechanics Module. For plasticity, deformation, and failure of soils and rocks, as well as their interaction with concrete and human-made structures. Material Models
Nonlinear Soil Model:
Modified Cam-Clay Drucker-Prager Capped Drucker-Prager Mohr-Coulomb Capped Mohr-Coulomb Matsuoka-Nakai Lade-Duncan Bresler-Pister Willam-Warnke Ottosen Hoek-Brown Generalized Hoek-Brown von Mises Tresca
Concrete Models:
Rocks Models:
User-defined Materials
Electrodeposition Module
For electrochemical processes
Chrome plating in automotive industry E-coating Electro-coloring Decorative electroplating Electrodeposition for PCB manufacturing Anodizing
Thickness of the decorative deposited layer in a furniture fitting modeled with the Electrodeposition Module.
Material balances are defined for the deposited species Surface diffusion and active site density can be accounted for in the model The deposited layers thickness
Thin layers: Calculated on a fixed geometry by surface equations Thick layers: Modeled using moving boundaries based on the ALE method.
Electric current simulation of a foil wire from a solar collector based on a surface geometry created in AutoCAD.
Report Generator
The new Report Generator creates HTML reports for models. Each report includes a table of contents with hyperlinks. The Report Generator uses a built-in Style Sheet, which you can customize to change the appearance of the report in a web browser.
Also known as sloppy meshing Faster and more memory efficient solving with focus on the essential parts of the original CAD model Difference compared to CAD defeaturing (already in 3.5a, 4.0, 4.1)
Keeps the underlying surface curvature
The picture shows an exhaust manifold that has been meshed using unprocessed CAD data (bottom left) and with the virtual geometry tools applied (bottom right).
Enables higher accuracy simulations for the same memory cost. Automatically refines mesh where the solution changes quickly or based on a user defined error indicator like sqrt(Tx^2+Ty^2)
Time-dependent adaptive meshing is not limited to two-phase flow and diffusion but is available for any time-dependent simulations.
The picture shows an example of transient mesh adaption for the simulation of an inkjet.
Batteries & Fuel Cells Module: New Advanced 3D models AC Impedance Spectroscopy
The picture shows the temperature field in the cooling channels and the Li-ion batteries of a battery pack for automotive applications. The model includes a highfidelity electrochemical model of the batteries coupled to a thermal analysis for the batteries and the components in the battery pack and a fluid flow simulation in the cooling channels.
Coordinate-Based Selections
Coordinate-based selections based on x-y-z box and ball Boolean operations on box and ball primitives Usage:
When working with slightly modified versions of the same part. Quick way of repeating a simulation without having to change any material settings, boundary conditions or mesh parameters. Box & ball can be parameterized in the same way as geometry objects.
Fixed Constraints
Cap Faces
Covering the ends of fluid channels and subsequently mesh the interior of imported CAD parts. Select the edges that trace out the surface to be formed. Easier transition from a purely mechanical model to a fluid or fluidstructure interaction (FSI) model.
Parametric Surfaces
The new Parametric Surfaces feature allows for creation of surfaces based on analytical expressions (sin, exp) or look-up table data (interpolation tables). The resolution of the underlying NURBS surface can be tuned by the user (number of knots) and enable a more detailed surface representation and finer mesh when called upon.
C:\COMSOL42\models\COMSOL_Multiphysics\Geophysics\rock_fracture_flow_aperture_data.txt
Examples of automatic remeshing: Left: Remeshing steps for a prescribed sinusoidal deformation of the top surface of a block.
Right: Elements before and directly after an automatic remesh. This copper deposition model is available in the Electrodeposition Module Model Library.
Histogram Plot
Nyquist Plot
Ribbon Plot
Variable Aspect-Ratio
Mathematics Interfaces
Chemical Reaction Engineering Module: Parameter Estimation is back (3.5a) Optimization Module is required
Chemical Reaction Engineering Module: Infinite Elements for Diffusion: Transport of Diluted Species
Heat Transfer Module: Fan & Grill Boundary Conditions with fan-curve table import
Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, Acoustics Module: Prestressed Study Types for eigenmode and frequency -response
Structural Mechanics Module and MEMS Module: Infinite Elements for Solid Mechanics
Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, Acoustics Module: Spring, Damper, and Mass Boundary Conditions
Improved 2D Renderer
The new, faster 2D renderer comes with improved axis labels, easier selection of overlapping pair boundaries, and a new drawing table with grid and rulers that show the position of the pointer.
Histogram Plots
Histogram plots, available in Results, is used to show the distribution of data throughout volumes, surfaces, edges, or points in a model. You can control bins based on number of bins or data limits. Plots can be continuous or discrete and data normalization options include Neutral, Peak, or Integral.
Nyquist Plots
A Nyquist plot shows the magnitude and phase of a frequency-response simulation result. This type of plot shows the magnitude as the distance from the origin and the phase as the angle using a curve with the frequency as the parameter. Nyquist plots have important applications for users of the AC/DC, RF, Structural Mechanics, Acoustics, MEMS, and Batteries & Fuel Cells Modules. The picture shows a Nyquist plot from an AC-impedance analysis of a fuel cell at two different electrolyte conductivities. The model is available in the Model Library of the Batteries & Fuel Cells Module.
Mathematics Interfaces
A new set of interfaces are available for spatially distributed ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and differential algebraic equations (DAEs). Applications include material-memory simulations, such as bioheating damage computations or material creep, where the material state is represented with a unique state-variable at each point in the computational volume.
The Classical PDE interfaces now include templates for the Heat Equation and the ConvectionDiffusion Equation. All PDE, ODE, and DAE interface templates can be used freely in multiphysics combinations with any application-specific modules.
AC/DC Module
Small-signal Analysis
Small-signal analysis is now generally available for all modules, including the AC/DC Module. The picture shows a typical application: an inductor with a nonlinear magnetic core and an inductance that changes with increased current. The variable inductance is also known as the small-signal, or differential, inductance.
Acoustics Module
Thermoacoustics
The Acoustics Module features new dedicated modeling tools for thermoviscous acoustics that enable highly accurate simulation of miniaturized speakers and microphones in handheld devices. The need for thermoacoustics emerges whenever the dimensions of an acoustic device become small compared to the viscous and thermal boundary layers.
The picture to the left shows the thermoacoustic wave-field in a shallow uniform waveguide with results matched to an analytical solution. The picture to the right shows an acoustic coupler with a damped Helmholtz resonator. The model includes thermal conduction and viscous losses.
Acoustic-Shell Interaction
A new multiphysics interface for Acoustic-Shell Interaction enables modeling of vibrating thin elastic structures and their induced sound pressure field. The coupling is bidirectional and is available for frequency domain and the time domain studies in 3D. The Acoustic-Shell Interaction interfaces combine features from the Pressure Acoustics and Shell interfaces and requires both the Acoustics Module and the Structural Mechanics Module.
The picture shows a vibrating baffled membrane and the sound pressure level (dB) in the air that surrounds it.
Acoustic-Piezoelectric Interaction
A new multiphysics interface for Acoustic-Piezoelectric coupling makes piezo-acoustics functionality easier to use. Analyses are available for frequency domain and time domain studies and combine features from the Pressure Acoustics, Solid Mechanics, Electrostatics, and Piezoelectric Devices interfaces.
The picture shows a vibrating baffled membrane and the sound pressure level (dB) in the air that surrounds it.
The picture shows the frequency characteristics of a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Although its main function is filtering of the exhaust flow, the DPF also has acoustic damping properties which relate to the muffler system. The filter is made of a porous material and the Poroelastic Waves interface is here used to compute the acoustic transmission losses.
The picture show the Temperature field in the cooling channels and the batteries in a battery pack for automotive applications. The model includes a high-fidelity electrochemical model of the batteries coupled to a thermal analysis for the batteries and the components in the battery pack, and the fluid flow in the cooling channels.
CFD Module
The picture shows a benchmark model for turbulent compressible flow in a twodimensional converging-diverging diffuser (Sajben diffuser). The flow enters the diffuser at a velocity of Ma = 0.46, accelerates through the converging part, and reaches supersonic conditions at the throat of the diffuser. The supersonic flow is terminated with a shock in the diverging part, after which the flow is subsonically decelerated.
Reacting Flow
A new physics interface for Reacting Flow, Diluted Species, makes coupled mass and momentum transport in free and porous media available from one single user interface. A similar physics interface for Concentrated Species is also available. The model coupling for the velocity field and mixture density is set up automatically. In addition, the effective transport coefficients in a porous matrix domain can be derived based on the corresponding values in for a non-porous domain.
The picture shows an experimental reactor for heterogeneous catalysis, demonstrating the principle of coupled free and porous media flow in fixed bed reactors.
The picture shows a tutorial model for finding the Arrhenius parameters of a first-order reaction where Benzene diazonium chloride decomposes to benzene, chloride, and nitrogen.
Surface Reactions
A new Surface Reactions interface is used for reactions involving surface adsorbed species and species in the bulk of a reacting surface. The interface is applied to the boundary of a model and is coupled to a mass transport interface in the adjacent bulk domain. The Surface Reactions interface can be used together with the Chemical Species Transport, Reacting Flow, and the Electrochemistry interfaces. Predefined expressions for the growth velocity of the reacting surface makes it easy to set up models with moving boundaries.
The Conjugate Heat Transfer user interface with options for combining turbulence and surface-to-surface radiation.
New Structural Mechanics Features of the Structural Mechanics, MEMS, and Acoustics Modules.
Prestressed Analysis
The Structural Mechanics, MEMS, and Acoustics Modules offer new powerful and easy-to use tools for prestressed analysis of eigenmode and frequency-response. Structures modeled with the Solid Mechanics interface can be prestressed by mechanical, thermal, or arbitrary multiphysicsbased loads.
The picture shows one of the tutorial models in the Model Library of the Structural Mechanics Module, which compares the frequency response of an unloaded case with that of a prestressed case.
Piezoelectric PMLs
New Piezoelectric Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) are capable of simultaneously absorbing the elastic and electric components of an outwards traveling piezoelastic wave. his feature is important for modeling piezo transducers and acoustic wave filters such as BAW and SAW. The functionality is available in the Structural Mechanics Module, MEMS Module, and Acoustics Module.
Added Mass
Added mass can now be specified for edges, boundaries, and domains for all interfaces in the Structural Mechanics Module and for the Solid Mechanics interfaces in the Acoustics and MEMS Modules. Important applications are:
modeling non-structural added mass for a vibrating structure immersed in a fluid adding mass from thin layers that are not contributing to the structure's stiffness correcting for mass changes due to CAD defeaturing including mass from components that are not represented by any geometry in the model.
Plasma Module
RF Module
The picture to the left shows a new tutorial models for impedance matching of a lossy anisotropic ferrite 3-port circulator. The picture to the right shows a model of a plane wave incident on a wire grating on a dielectric substrate. Coefficients for refraction, specular reflection, and first order diffraction are all computed as functions of the angle of incidence. This analysis is made possible by a new port boundary condition for Floquet-type periodic boundary conditions.
Material Rendering
Materials are now rendered using color, texture, and reflectance. Gold, copper, air, water, concrete, and some other common materials have their own specific material appearance properties. A materials appearance can be customized and includes separate settings for specular, diffusive, and ambient colors as well as texture noise levels. To enable texture rendering, set the Visualization preferences to be Optimized for Quality.