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Student Serial No.:

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA Faculty of Electrical Engineering

FINAL YEAR PROJECT PROPOSAL BEKU 4792

One (1) copy of this form must be submitted to BOTH panels (Refer to seminar schedule)

TITLE OF PROPOSED PROJECT:

NETWORK COMMUNICATION OVER POWER LINE IN LOW VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT FOR DC APPLICATION MICROGRID FOCUS ON POWER CABLE ELEMENT

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B(i)

DETAILS OF CANDIDATE / MAKLUMAT CALON

Name: IC / Passport Number: 900829-086015 Nama: MOHAMAD FAIZAL AZRIN BIN MOHD AMIN SOO

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Course: 4-BEKP Kursus: Handphone No.: 0192034526 No. Telefon Bimbit: E-mail Address: peje_125z@yahoo.com Alamat e-mel:

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PROJECT INFORMATION / MAKLUMAT PROJEK

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Duration of this project(Maximum 12 months): Tempoh masa projek ini (Maksimum 12 bulan): Duration: 9 months Tempoh : From Dari : 14 September 2012 :

To : 25 May 2013 Hingga :

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Abstract of Project Proposal (maximum 300 words) (Please include the background of project, literature reviews, objectives, project methodology and expected outcomes from the project)

Power line communications are gaining popularity in area such as in houses, offices, access networks, ships, aircrafts, trains, vehicles and advanced metering structures. In order to develop the PLC system, the detailed knowledge of the channel properties such as transfer functions, coupling mechanics and channel capacities to choose desirable design of PLC equipment. Therefore, two parameters such as line length and load impedance are analyzed for the performance of low voltage direct current PLC. The performance here can be analyzed from the frequency response plotted simulated from the MATLAB. The PLC adopted here is simulated by using MATLAB software. The positions of notches and peaks in magnitude and phase response are affected in terms of attenuation and distortion by the network parameters. The analysis is helpful in the possible design considerations of PLC network as usual.

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Detailed proposal of project: Cadangan maklumat projek secara terperinci: (a) Introduction

Power line communication is known for many years as power line carrier [9]. It uses the low bandwidth of analog and digital information to communicate over the residential, commercial and high voltage power line for AMR (Automatic Metering Reading) and lots more. It also refers to the concept of transmitting information using the electrical power as a communication channel. This could help losing the gap between the electrical and communication network. Power line communication integrates the transmission of communication signal and 50/60 Hz power signal through the same electric power cable [5]. The basic concept is that the signal is modulated with high frequency carrier signal then this high frequency is coupled to the power line for communication [5]. Different models of power line network for transmission have been derived in the recent past to analyze the performance and the possibilities on the power line communication.

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(b) Motivation

Nowadays, power line communication is becoming more popular in our daily life. The main idea of the power line communication is to use the electrical grid for the communication because it is an existing infrastructure and it covers a bigger area than any other traditional communication networks such as TV cable. The advantage of using this power line communication is to transfer data at highest data rate communication system compare to the wireless and local area network (LAN). The problem that have been encounter in our country is that how to implement the power line communication into our system. Therefore, the literature reviews on this project still in an early process. The method used in this study process will involved on the using of MATLAB software. Hopefully, the expected result will be positive and can be implementing in our country and creates more business opportunities between electrical company and communication company.
(c) Problem statement

Power line communication is a fast growing technology which aims to use electrical power lines for the transmission of data. The main idea of using PLC for the communication because it is existing infrastructure and covers a wider area compare to other traditional communication network such as TV cables and telephone cables. Besides, cost to provide new network could be avoided and saved. Therefore, the parameters such as line length and load impedance that should be analyzed for the performance of PLC. This will benefit the electrical and telecommunication sectors a new significant business potential if this could be realized.
(d) Objective (s) of the Project

1. To develop the Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communication system by using MATLAB. 2. To study the effect of line length at the receiver node, the branch length, number of branches and load impedance towards PLC signal attenuation. 3. To investigate the effect of injecting PLC signal on three phases of low voltage side with the 50Hz power voltage signal (0.4kV) and a PLC signal of 10V in amplitude.

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(e) Project Scope

This project scope is about Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communication. Based on the research of Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communication, the 50Hz signals are totally eliminated which assumes a complete decoupling between 50Hz power transmission and the Low Voltage Power Line Communication signal transmission. The Low Voltage Power Line Communication signal of 10V amplitude is used which is about 2.5% of amplitude of 50Hz power voltage signal (0.4kV). The important parameters here are line length at the receiver node, the branch length, number of branches and load impedance to design possible consideration for PLC network. The software package MATLAB/SIMULINK is one of the methods to model and simulate on Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communication.
(f) Literature Review

Power line communications are gaining popularity in area such as in houses, offices, access networks, ships, aircrafts, trains, vehicles and advanced metering structures. In 1995, it was demonstrated that low voltage (LV) power lines could be used to carry high frequency (>1 MHz) communication signal [1]. However, unlike the other wired communication mediums such as the twisted-paired or coaxial cable, LV power lines present an extremely harsh environment for high frequency communication signals [2]. The three critical channel parameters namely noise, impedance and attenuation are found to be highly unpredictable with time, frequency and location [3]. A lot of efforts have been done to characterize and model the power line channel to overcome those difficulties. In this first section, as in the new bottom up approach, the two intrinsic line parameters, the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant are derived. [3] Then, the transfer function of for high frequency PLC signal will be obtained by using an echo model, which is usually used in top down approach [3]. This new approach has given the accuracy of the conventional bottom up approach while simplifies the modeling algorithm. This approach focus on the in-house power line lay inside the metal conduit in the frequency range of 1MHz-30 MHz (following ETSI requirements for 1st generation PLC [4]. The rest of this chapter will examine on the effect of power line channel characteristic parameters in broadband power line communication system. The basic principle behind

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this communication technique is that the signal is modulated with a high frequency carrier signal; then this high frequency signal is coupled to the power line communication [5]. Hence, the two parameters such as line length and load impedance on the performance of broadband power line communication system are studied by using MATLAB [5]. The results obtained show that when the transmission line length was increased, the distortion along with the signal attenuation was also increased [5]. Therefore, the transmission lines are applicable for shorter distances or it can be applied for longer distance by using more numbers of repeaters. For load impedance, it should be kept higher than characteristic impedance. As the termination of impedance tends to increase, signals are less attenuated [5]. The figure below show frequency response of the signal when load impendace is increased.

Figure 1. Frequency response for LV Transmission Line with load impedance 500. Adapted from Analysis of effect of power line channel characteristic parameter in broadband power line communications (BPLC) systems, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2009 IEEE/PES, T.P Surekha, T. Ananthapadmanabha, C. Puttamadappa on page(s): 1 - 6, 15-18 March 2009.

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Figure 2. Frequency response for LV Transmission Line with load impedance 1200. Adapted from Analysis of effect of power line channel characteristic parameter in broadband power line communications (BPLC) systems, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2009 IEEE/PES, T.P Surekha, T. Ananthapadmanabha, C. Puttamadappa on page(s): 1 - 6, 15-18 March 2009.

Figure 3. Frequency response for LV Transmission Line with load impedance 1500. Adapted from Analysis of effect of power line channel characteristic parameter in broadband power line communications (BPLC) systems, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2009 IEEE/PES, T.P Surekha, T. Ananthapadmanabha, C. Puttamadappa on page(s): 1 - 6, 15-18 March 2009.

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In the previous section, the analysis was demonstrated by using MATLAB. In this section, it presents a method that permit to evaluate the propagation of the signal by using ATP/EMTP software. The Semlyen model [6] is a second recursive- convolution line model. It simplifies the approximation of the parameter of line and cable by using only the second order rational function, thus allowing the usage of the recursive convolution in time domain modeling [6]. The J. Marti model [7] approximates the frequency dependent parameters of lines and cables into the rational functions. The Noda [8] model represents the line and cables in phase domain rather than in modal domain. The J. Marti model is selected to realize the modeling because of its stability and its convenience for our work. For the first case, when the frequency of increase the number of peak is also increased. With the same line length, the number if peak is the same but their amplitude is different due to their different structure [9]. The distribution network is simulated with 50Hz power signal and without PLC signal. The figures below show some simulation of 50Hz power signal with or without PLC signal injection. This method allows superposing the PLC signals on 50 Hz power signal, thus giving the possibility to study the network in the real condition of work [9].

Figure 4. 50Hz voltage without PLC signal. Adapted from Distribution network modeling for power line communication applications. P. Auriol, T. Tran-Quoc, Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2005. ISPLC 2005. Page(s): 361 365, IEEE International Symposium on 6-8 April 2005.

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Figure 5. Voltage with both 50Hz and PLC signal. Adapted from Distribution network modeling for power line communication applications. P. Auriol, T. Tran-Quoc, Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2005. ISPLC 2005. Page(s): 361 365, IEEE International Symposium on 6-8 April 2005.

Figure 6. Extracted PLC signal. Adapted from Distribution network modeling for power line communication applications. P. Auriol, T. Tran-Quoc, Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2005. ISPLC 2005. Page(s): 361 365, IEEE International Symposium on 6-8 April 2005. The review of literature in this chapter has concentrated largely on the critical parameters known as line length, branch length and load impedance. These parameters play important roles in our design of power line communication system. Thus, it shows that the PLC signal attenuation depends on its frequency and the length of line. Therefore, to design a good system, the parameters need to analyze based on the performance of PLC system. Thus this chapter provides a basis for the next development of PLC equipment

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based on the network characteristic of PLC on electrical grid.

(g) Methodology

Firstly, before the project is furthered out, the research on material such as journals, books, and IEEE and internet journals is conducted. Then, suitable software to model and simulate is chosen for analysis. The parameters that affected the performance on Low Voltage Power Line Communication need to be consider at this moment. The parameters important here is line length, load impedance, branch length and number of branches. The frequency response is simulated by using MATLAB software. If got error, the process is repeated back from variables that been studied. If got no error, the process is proceeding by designing a new model of power line communication.
(h) Expected Results/Benefit

1. The Low Voltage Power Line Communication is desirable compare to the traditional communication network. 2. As the line length of the transmission line increase (length of transmitter and receiver), the distortion along with the signal attenuation is increase. 3. The length of branched transmission line does not affect the frequency response of in Low Voltage Power Line Communication. 4. The increased number of branches will produces both attenuation and severe signal distortions. 5. The results are reliable and manage to estimate the propagation of Low Voltage Power Line Communication signal through an area. 6. The result shows that the Low Voltage Power Line Communication attenuation signal is dependent on its frequency and the line length. 7. The load impedance should be greater than the characteristic impedance for less signal attenuation.

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(i)

Initial works

This project is beginning by doing some literature review on the parameter which influences the performance of the frequency response of the Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communication. Next, the limitation for this project is using the low voltage direct current which is about 10V power signal in amplitude. The phenomena that initiate the research on the Low Voltage Direct Current Power Line Communications is still a new phenomenon in this country which a lot of improvement needs to be done before implemented in this existing electrical network without providing new distribution network. Hence, the advantages of power line communication are it can transmit data in a higher rate compare to the traditional communication system such as phone cables. However, the problem that needs to be considered is the losses on the transmission line and the design for the communication network.

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(j) Milestones (k) References

[1] [2]

P.A. Brown, High Frequency Conditioned Power Networks, UTC Annual Conference Proceedings, 13h July - 4& Aug 1995. L.T. Tang, P.L. So, E. Guniwan, S. Chen, T.T. Lie, Y.L. Guan, Characterization of InHouse Power Distribution Lines For High-Speed Data Transmission, Proceedings of the 5 International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC ZOOl), May 2001, pp. 7-12.

[3]

H. Meng , S. Chen, C. L. Law, et al. A transmission line model for high frequency power line communication channel, Power System Technology, 2002. Proceedings. PowerCon 2002. International Conference, Vol. 2, pg 1290-1295.

[4] [5]

Standards, ETSI Standard (ETSI 2000) for IGeneration PLC systems. T.P Surekha, T. Ananthapadmanabha, C. Puttamadappa, Analysis of effect of power line channel characteristic parameter in broadband power line communications (BPLC) systems, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2009 IEEE/PES, on page(s): 1 - 6, 15-18 March 2009.

[6] [7] [8]

Jos R.Marti, Implementation at BPA of a new frequency dependence model, EMTP Newsletter, vol. 2, num. 3, February 1982, pp. 33 37. A. Morched, L. Marti, J. Ottevangers, A high frequency transformer model for EMTP, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, July 1993. T. Noda, N. Nagaoka, A. Ametani, Phase domain modeling of frequency - dependent transmission lines by means of an ARMA model, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1996.

[9]

P. Auriol, T. Tran-Quoc, "Distribution network modeling for power line communication applications", Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2005. ISPLC 2005. IEEE International Symposium on 6-8 April 2005, on page(s): 361 - 365

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ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL / KEMUDAHAN SEDIA ADA UNTUK KEGUNAAN BAGI PROJEK INI
Equipment Peralatan Location Tempat

MATLAB

FKE

BUDGET /BELANJAWAN
Please indicate your estimated budget for this project Sila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan projek ini

Budget details Butiran belanjawan

Amount requested by applicant Jumlah yang dipohon oleh pemohon FYP 1 PSM 1 (RM) FYP 2 PSM 2 (RM)

Comment by panel

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E (i)

Project Materials & Supplies Bekalan dan Bahan Projek

E (ii)

Maintenance and Minor Repair Services Baik pulih kecil dan ubahsuai

E (iii)

Professional Services Perkhidmatan Ikhtisas

E (vi)

Accessories and Equipment Aksesori dan Peralatan

TOTAL AMOUNT JUMLAH BESAR

Declaration by candidate / Akuan Calon (Please tick ( )): / (Sila tanda ( )):

I hereby confess that: Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa: 1. All information stated here are accurate, Supervisor and panel has right to reject or to cancel this proposal without prior notice if there is any inaccurate information given. Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, Penyelia dan panel berhak menolak permohonan atau membatalkan tawaran cadangan ini pada bila-bila masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak benar. 2. Application of this Project Proposal is presented for a FYP 1 seminar.

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Permohonan cadangan projek projek ini dikemukakan untuk Seminar PSM 1.

Date : Tarikh :

Candidates Signature : Tandatangan Calon : ___________________________

Recommended by FYP Supervisor Perakuan Penyelia PSM

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Please tick ( ) Sila tandakan ( ) Recommended: Diperakukan: A. Highly Recommended Sangat Disokong Recommended Disokong Not Recommended (Please specify reason) Tidak Disokong (Sila Nyatakan Sebab)

B.

C.

Comments: Ulasan: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name: Nama: Date: Tarikh: Signature: Tandatangan: